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Bogaardt L, van Giessen A, Picavet HSJ, Boshuizen HC. A Model of Individual BMI Trajectories. Math Med Biol 2024; 41:1-18. [PMID: 38167965 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A risk factor model of body mass index (BMI) is an important building block of health simulations aimed at estimating government policy effects with regard to overweight and obesity. We created a model that generates representative population level distributions and that also mimics realistic BMI trajectories at an individual level so that policies aimed at individuals can be simulated. The model is constructed by combining several datasets. First, the population level distribution is extracted from a large, cross-sectional dataset. The trend in this distribution is estimated from historical data. In addition, longitudinal data are used to model how individuals move along typical trajectories over time. The model faithfully describes the population level distribution of BMI, stratified by sex, level of education and age. It is able to generate life course trajectories for individuals which seem plausible, but it does not capture extreme fluctuations, such as rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Bogaardt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anoukh van Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hendriek C Boshuizen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Backer JA, Bogaardt L, Beutels P, Coletti P, Edmunds WJ, Gimma A, van Hagen CCE, Hens N, Jarvis CI, Vos ERA, Wambua J, Wong D, van Zandvoort K, Wallinga J. Dynamics of non-household contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in the Netherlands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5166. [PMID: 36997550 PMCID: PMC10060924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was in 2020 and 2021 for a large part mitigated by reducing contacts in the general population. To monitor how these contacts changed over the course of the pandemic in the Netherlands, a longitudinal survey was conducted where participants reported on their at-risk contacts every two weeks, as part of the European CoMix survey. The survey included 1659 participants from April to August 2020 and 2514 participants from December 2020 to September 2021. We categorized the number of unique contacted persons excluding household members, reported per participant per day into six activity levels, defined as 0, 1, 2, 3-4, 5-9 and 10 or more reported contacts. After correcting for age, vaccination status, risk status for severe outcome of infection, and frequency of participation, activity levels increased over time, coinciding with relaxation of COVID-19 control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantien A Backer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurens Bogaardt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pietro Coletti
- UHasselt, Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - W John Edmunds
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amy Gimma
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Niel Hens
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- UHasselt, Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Eric R A Vos
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - James Wambua
- UHasselt, Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Denise Wong
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacco Wallinga
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Timmer R, Bogaardt L, Brummelhuis WJ, van Oostrom CT, van Kerkhof LWM, Wong A, de Valk HW, Ocké MC, van der Maaden T, Dollé MET. A randomized crossover trial assessing time of day snack consumption and resulting postprandial glycemic response in a real-life setting among healthy adults. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1329-1339. [PMID: 36004426 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The postprandial glycemic response is an important metabolic health factor, which, from laboratory studies, is known to change from low to high over the course of the day, and from which negative health outcomes have been linked to nightly eating. We applied interstitial continuous glucose monitoring to examine the glycemic response to a standardized carbohydrate-rich snack (198 kcal) across the day in a real-life setting. Twenty-four healthy participants (12 men, 12 women, 27-61 y old) consumed the snack nine times during 6 d in a crossover design, altering the time of consumption between morning, afternoon and evening. The snack was consumed in the participant's own environment with a preceding fast of at least 2.5 h between their customary main meals and practices. Linear mixed models were used with fixed effect of timing, and participant as random effect, to assess incremental area under the curve, peak value and time-to-peak of the glycemic response. Overall, the highest glycemic excursions were observed in the morning, while a more dampened but prolonged response was observed in the evening. These findings do not concur with previously published laboratory studies. This implies that results obtained under controlled experimental conditions in laboratories cannot be generalized directly to predict chrononutritional effects on the glycemic response in healthy individuals and their daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Timmer
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens Bogaardt
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Walter J Brummelhuis
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Conny T van Oostrom
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W M van Kerkhof
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wong
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harold W de Valk
- Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marga C Ocké
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa van der Maaden
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Verelst F, Hermans L, Vercruysse S, Gimma A, Coletti P, Backer JA, Wong KLM, Wambua J, van Zandvoort K, Willem L, Bogaardt L, Faes C, Jarvis CI, Wallinga J, Edmunds WJ, Beutels P, Hens N. SOCRATES-CoMix: a platform for timely and open-source contact mixing data during and in between COVID-19 surges and interventions in over 20 European countries. BMC Med 2021; 19:254. [PMID: 34583683 PMCID: PMC8478607 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 dynamics are driven by human behaviour. Social contact data are of utmost importance in the context of transmission models of close-contact infections. METHODS Using online representative panels of adults reporting on their own behaviour as well as parents reporting on the behaviour of one of their children, we collect contact mixing (CoMix) behaviour in various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in over 20 European countries. We provide these timely, repeated observations using an online platform: SOCRATES-CoMix. In addition to providing cleaned datasets to researchers, the platform allows users to extract contact matrices that can be stratified by age, type of day, intensity of the contact and gender. These observations provide insights on the relative impact of recommended or imposed social distance measures on contacts and can inform mathematical models on epidemic spread. CONCLUSION These data provide essential information for policymakers to balance non-pharmaceutical interventions, economic activity, mental health and wellbeing, during vaccine rollout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Verelst
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Hermans
- Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Vercruysse
- Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Amy Gimma
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pietro Coletti
- Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jantien A Backer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry L M Wong
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James Wambua
- Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Willem
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurens Bogaardt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christel Faes
- Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Jacco Wallinga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Dept Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W John Edmunds
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Niel Hens
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Data Science Institute and I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Abstract
In 1989, Hasson introduced the concept of an ‘amplifier’ within animal communication. This display reduces errors in the assessment of traits for which there is direct selection and renders differences in quality among animals more obvious. Amplifiers can evolve to fixation via the benefit they confer on high-quality animals. However, they also impose a cost on low-quality animals by revealing their lower quality, potentially leading these to refrain from amplifying. Hence, it was suggested that, if the level of amplification correlates with quality, direct choice for the amplifying display might emerge. Using the framework of signal detection theory, this article shows that, if the use of an amplifier is observable, direct choice for the amplifying display can indeed evolve. Consequently, low-quality animals may choose to amplify to some extent as well, even though this reveals their lower quality. In effect, the amplifier evolves to become a signal in its own right. We show that, as amplifiers can evolve without direct female choice and are likely to become correlated with male quality, selection for quality-dependent amplification provides a simple explanation for the origin of reliable signals in the absence of pre-existing preferences.
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