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Kanerva N, Kinnunen S, Nevalainen J, Vepsäläinen H, Fogelholm M, Saarijärvi H, Meinilä J, Erkkola M. Building nutritionally meaningful classification for grocery product groups: the LoCard Food Classification process. Br J Nutr 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38634262 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Analysing customer loyalty card data is a novel method for assessing nutritional quality and changes in a population's food consumption. However, prior to its use, the thousands of grocery products available in stores must be reclassified from the retailer's original hierarchical structure into a structure that is suitable for the use of nutrition and health research. We created LoCard Food Classification (LCFC) and examined how it reflects the nutritional quality of the grocery product groups. Nutritional quality was considered the main criterion guiding the reclassification of the 3574 grocery product groups. Information on the main ingredient of the product group, purpose of use, and carbon footprint were also used at the more granular levels of LCFC. The main challenge in the reclassification was a lack of detailed information on the type of products included in each group, and that some of the groups included products that have opposite health effects. The final LCFC has four hierarchical levels and it is openly available online. After reclassification, the product groups were linked with the Finnish food composition database, and the nutrient profile was assessed by calculating the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRFI) for each product group. Standard deviation in NRFI decreased from 0.21 of the least granular level to 0.08 of the most granular level of LCFC indicating that the most granular level of LCFC has more homogeneous nutritional quality. Studies that apply LCFC to examine loyalty card data with health and environmental outcomes are needed to further demonstrate its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kanerva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kinnunen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Nevalainen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, Kanslerinrinne 1, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - H Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Saarijärvi
- Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Kanslerinrinne 1, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - J Meinilä
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Tolonen S, Juonala M, Fogelholm M, Pahkala K, Laaksonen M, Kähönen M, Sievänen H, Viikari J, Raitakari O. Dietary Saturated Fat and Bone Health in Young Adults: The Young Finns Cohort. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:419-429. [PMID: 35896727 PMCID: PMC9474366 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that saturated fat (SFA) intake may negatively impact on bone. However, few human studies on the topic exist. Women and men aged 31-46 years from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study attended the peripheral quantitative computed tomography and ultrasound bone measurements in 2008 (n = 1884-1953, ~ 56% women). In addition, fracture diagnoses in 1980-2018 were searched for the national health care registers and 431 participants had at least one fracture. Food consumption was gathered with the 48-h dietary recall interviews and food frequency questionnaire in 1980-2007. In the present study, radial, tibial, and calcaneal bone traits, and fractures were examined relative to the long-term intake of SFA. No consistent associations were seen between bone outcomes and SFA intake that would have replicated in both women and men. The only evidence for differential distributions was seen in cortical density and cortical-to-total area ratio at the radial shaft, and speed of sound at the calcaneus, which were 0.1-0.4% higher in women in the lowest tertile of SFA intake compared with the highest tertile. In addition, among men, the odds ratio (OR) of fractures was greater in the second (OR 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3.33) and third tertile of SFA intake (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.38-4.36) compared with the lowest tertile, independently of many risk factors of osteoporosis. In this observational study, we found no robust evidence of the associations of dietary long-term SFA intake with bone outcomes. Therefore, additional studies are needed to confirm the association of dietary SFA with bone health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tolonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - M Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Laaksonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - O Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Lintonen T, Uusitalo L, Erkkola M, Rahkonen O, Saarijärvi H, Fogelholm M, Nevalainen J. Grocery purchase data in the study of alcohol use - A validity study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108145. [PMID: 32663761 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use epidemiology is facing challenges as survey response rates decline. In addition, population surveys fail to capture a large proportion of alcohol consumed and are expensive to conduct. This study aims to aid in complementing traditional epidemiological methods by validate grocery purchase data in the research on population alcohol use. METHODS The LoCard study subjects were loyalty card holders of a grocery retail co-operative, which possessed more than 45 % market share in Finland. One third of those who consented to the analyses of their grocery purchases were presented a questionnaire including a Food Frequency Questionnaire on the web; N = 11,818 responded. The relationship between beer purchase frequency and self-reported beer drinking frequency was studied for association and agreement in different subgroups using crosstabulations and Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS The association between beer purchase frequency and self-reported beer drinking frequency was good (Gamma = .556). The agreement between beer purchase frequency and drinking frequency was only fair (Kappa = .189). Limiting the data to those single adult households that reported making at least 61 % of their grocery purchases from this grocery retailer and collapsing the frequency categories to three instead of six increased the agreement to good (Kappa = .463). CONCLUSIONS Information on beer purchase frequency from the loyalty card database can be used to rank people according to their drinking frequency and to estimate beer drinking frequency with fair to good accuracy, depending on what share of grocery purchases they make from the grocery retailer in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lintonen
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland; Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - L Uusitalo
- Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Nutrition, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Nutrition, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Rahkonen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tukholmankatu 8 B, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Saarijärvi
- Tampere University, Faculty of Management and Business, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - M Fogelholm
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Nutrition, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Nevalainen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
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Uusitalo L, Nevalainen J, Rahkonen O, Erkkola M, Saarijärvi H, Fogelholm M, Lintonen T. Alcohol purchases from a large Finnish retail chain before and after a change in alcohol legislation. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In January 2018, the legal limit for alcoholic beverages in grocery stores changed from 4.7 to 5.5 % alcohol. The increased availability of stronger beer, cider and ready-to-drink beverages was expected to increase the total amount of 100% alcohol bought. The study aimed to examine how the change in alcohol legislation affected the purchasing of 100% alcohol from grocery stores by comparing the years 2017 and 2018.
Methods
The study data consisted of 47,066 loyalty card holders of Finland's largest retail chain, who gave their consent and provided background information by an online questionnaire. The data contained the type, volume and alcoholic content of the purchases, from which we calculated the amount of 100% alcohol bought. The mean individual alcohol purchases in the years 2017 and 2018 were compared by age, gender, level of education and household income using repeated measurements ANOVA models.
Results
There was only a small, non-significant change in the total amount of 100% alcohol between 2017 and 2018 (mean 1.9 l and 2.0 l, respectively, p = 0.220). Lower income was associated with a decrease in total 100% alcohol purchased, whereas higher income groups showed an increase. Increase in 100% alcohol bought as ready-to-drink beverages was seen in all population groups.
Conclusions
The availability of stronger alcoholic beverages in grocery stores did not result in a notable overall increase in total purchases of 100% alcohol. The increased purchases of alcohol as ready-to-drink beverages were, on the average, compensated for by decreased purchases of alcohol as other beverages. The association of income with total alcohol purchases may indicate the effect of price in consumer behavior.
Key messages
The raise in the legal limit of alcohol content raised did not result in a significant increase in the total amount of 100% alcohol bought from grocery stores. Alcohol purchased as ready-to-drink beverages increased in all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Uusitalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Nevalainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - O Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Saarijärvi
- Faculty of Management and Business, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Lintonen
- The Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland
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Tischmann L, Drummen M, Raben A, Fogelholm M, Joris P, Mensink R, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Adam T. Acute Effects Of A High-Protein Diet On Cardiovascular And Cardiometabolic Risk Markers After A Long-Term Intervention – A Preview Substudy. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nevalainen J, Erkkola M, Saarijärvi H, Näppilä T, Fogelholm M. Loyalty card data in health research. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Erkkola
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - T Näppilä
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Raben A, Fogelholm M, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Long-term effects of increased protein intake after weight loss on intrahepatic lipid content and implications for insulin sensitivity: a PREVIEW study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E885-E891. [PMID: 30086649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00162.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a weight maintenance period comprising two diets differing in protein intake, after weight loss, on intrahepatic lipid content and implications for insulin sensitivity. A total of 25 participants [body mass index (BMI): 31.1 (3.5 kg/m2; intrahepatic lipid (IHL): 8.7 (8.3%; fasting glucose: 6.4 (0.6 mmol/l; homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): 3.7 (1.6; Matsuda index: 3.4 (2.9] started an 8-wk low-energy diet followed by a 2-yr weight maintenance period with either high protein or medium protein dietary guidelines. At baseline, after 6 mo, and after 2 yr, IHL, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging. Glucose and insulin concentrations, determined during an oral glucose challenge, were used to assess the HOMA-IR and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Protein intake was measured with 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion. Protein intake, BMI, IHL, VAT, SAT, HOMA-IR, and ISI did not change differently between the groups during the intervention. In the whole group, BMI, IHL, VAT, SAT, HOMA-IR, and ISI were favorably changed at 6 mo and 2 yr compared with baseline ( P < 0.05). Mixed-model analysis showed that independent of BMI, protein intake (g/d) at 6 mo was inversely related to IHL (coefficient: -0.04; P < 0.05) and VAT (coefficient: -0.01; P < 0.05). Overall, IHL was positively related to HOMA-IR (coefficient: 0.10; P < 0.01) and inversely related to ISI (coefficient: -0.17; P < 0.01), independent of BMI. A 2-yr medium- to high-protein energy-restricted diet reduced IHL and VAT. Independently of changes in BMI, IHL was inversely related to insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - E Dorenbos
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care, Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - A C E Vreugdenhil
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care, Department of Paediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - A Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - M S Westerterp-Plantenga
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - T C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Chaput JP, Barnes JD, Tremblay MS, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT. Thresholds of physical activity associated with obesity by level of sedentary behaviour in children. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:450-457. [PMID: 29573239 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) thresholds for obesity should be adapted depending on level of sedentary behaviour in children. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to determine the MVPA thresholds that best discriminate between obese and non-obese children, by level of screen time and total sedentary time in 12 countries. METHODS This multinational, cross-sectional study included 6522 children 9-11 years of age. MVPA and sedentary time were assessed using waist-worn accelerometry, while screen time was self-reported. Obesity was defined according to the World Health Organization reference data. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the best thresholds of MVPA to predict obesity ranged from 53.8 to 73.9 min d-1 in boys and from 41.7 to 58.7 min d-1 in girls, depending on the level of screen time. The MVPA cut-offs to predict obesity ranged from 37.9 to 75.9 min d-1 in boys and from 32.5 to 62.7 min d-1 in girls, depending on the level of sedentary behaviour. The areas under the curve ranged from 0.57 to 0.73 ('fail' to 'fair' accuracy), and most sensitivity and specificity values were below 85%, similar to MVPA alone. Country-specific analyses provided similar findings. CONCLUSIONS The addition of sedentary behaviour levels to MVPA did not result in a better predictive ability to classify children as obese/non-obese compared with MVPA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J D Barnes
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - E V Lambert
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Maia
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Olds
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Chaput J, Barnes JD, Tremblay MS, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor‐Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT. Inequality in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep duration and risk of obesity in children: a 12-country study. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:229-237. [PMID: 29951213 PMCID: PMC6009998 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies examining associations between movement behaviours (i.e. physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep duration) and obesity focus on average values of these movement behaviours, despite important within-country and between-country variability. A better understanding of movement behaviour inequalities is important for developing public health policies and behaviour-change interventions. The objective of this ecologic analysis at the country level was to determine if inequality in movement behaviours is a better correlate of obesity than average movement behaviour volume in children from all inhabited continents of the world. METHODS This multinational, cross-sectional study included 6,128 children 9-11 years of age. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sedentary time (SED) and sleep period time were monitored over 7 consecutive days using waist-worn accelerometry. Screen time was self-reported. Inequality in movement behaviours was determined using Gini coefficients (ranging from 0 [complete equality] to 1 [complete inequality]). RESULTS The largest inequality in movement behaviours was observed for screen time (Gini of 0.32; medium inequality), followed by MVPA (Gini of 0.21; low inequality), SED (Gini of 0.07; low inequality) and sleep period time (Gini of 0.05; low inequality). Average MVPA (h d-1) was a better correlate of obesity than MVPA inequality (r = -0.77 vs. r = 0.00, p = 0.03). Average SED (h d-1) was also a better correlate of obesity than SED inequality (r = 0.52 vs. r = -0.32, p = 0.05). Differences in associations for screen time and sleep period time were not statistically significant. MVPA in girls was found to be disproportionally lower in countries with more MVPA inequality. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study show that average MVPA and SED should continue to be used in population health studies of children as they are better correlates of obesity than inequality in these behaviours. Moreover, the findings suggest that MVPA inequality could be greatly reduced through increases in girls' MVPA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.‐P. Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- University of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - J. D. Barnes
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaCanada
| | - M. S. Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- University of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | | | - G. Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - C. Maher
- University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - J. Maia
- University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - T. Olds
- University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | | | | | | | - C. Tudor‐Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
- University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA
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10
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Dumuid D, Olds T, Lewis LK, Martin-Fernández JA, Barreira T, Broyles S, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maia J, Matsudo V, Onywera VO, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Katzmarzyk P, Gillison F, Maher C. The adiposity of children is associated with their lifestyle behaviours: a cluster analysis of school-aged children from 12 nations. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:111-119. [PMID: 28027427 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between children's adiposity and lifestyle behaviour patterns is an area of growing interest. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to identify clusters of children based on lifestyle behaviours and compare children's adiposity among clusters. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment were used. PARTICIPANTS the participants were children (9-11 years) from 12 nations (n = 5710). MEASURES 24-h accelerometry and self-reported diet and screen time were clustering input variables. Objectively measured adiposity indicators were waist-to-height ratio, percent body fat and body mass index z-scores. ANALYSIS sex-stratified analyses were performed on the global sample and repeated on a site-wise basis. Cluster analysis (using isometric log ratios for compositional data) was used to identify common lifestyle behaviour patterns. Site representation and adiposity were compared across clusters using linear models. RESULTS Four clusters emerged: (1) Junk Food Screenies, (2) Actives, (3) Sitters and (4) All-Rounders. Countries were represented differently among clusters. Chinese children were over-represented in Sitters and Colombian children in Actives. Adiposity varied across clusters, being highest in Sitters and lowest in Actives. CONCLUSIONS Children from different sites clustered into groups of similar lifestyle behaviours. Cluster membership was linked with differing adiposity. Findings support the implementation of activity interventions in all countries, targeting both physical activity and sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dumuid
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T Olds
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L K Lewis
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - T Barreira
- Population Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA.,School of Education, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - S Broyles
- Population Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Population Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- Department of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - A Kurpad
- Department of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Maia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Center of Studies of the Physical Fitness Research Laboratory from Sao Caetano du Sul (CELAFISCS), Sao Caetano do Sul, Brazil
| | - V O Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Kenyatta, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - P Katzmarzyk
- Population Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - F Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - C Maher
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, Barnes JD, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Tremblay MS. Mid-upper arm circumference as a screening tool for identifying children with obesity: a 12-country study. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:439-445. [PMID: 27238202 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have examined if mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be an alternative screening tool for obesity in an international sample of children differing widely in levels of human development. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to determine whether MUAC could be used to identify obesity in children from 12 countries in five major geographic regions of the world. METHODS This observational, multinational cross-sectional study included 7337 children aged 9-11 years. Anthropometric measurements were objectively assessed, and obesity was defined according to the World Health Organization reference data. RESULTS In the total sample, MUAC was strongly correlated with adiposity indicators in both boys and girls (r > 0.86, p < 0.001). The accuracy level of MUAC for identifying obesity was high in both sexes and across study sites (overall area under the curve of 0.97, sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 90%). The MUAC cut-off value to identify obesity was ~25 cm for both boys and girls. In country-specific analyses, the cut-off value to identify obesity ranged from 23.2 cm (boys in South Africa) to 26.2 cm (girls in the UK). CONCLUSIONS Results from this 12-country study suggest that MUAC is a simple and accurate measurement that may be used to identify obesity in children aged 9-11 years. MUAC may be a promising screening tool for obesity in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - J D Barnes
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St. Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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12
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Korkalo L, Mikkilä V, Fogelholm M, Nissinen K, Koivusilta L, Roos E, Erkkola M, Vepsäläinen H. Father-reported frequency of family meals and dietary patterns among preschoolers. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Korkalo
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Mikkilä
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - K Nissinen
- Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | | | - E Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Nevalainen J, Fogelholm M, Korkalo L, Mikkilä V, Ray C, Erkkola M, Vepsäläinen H. Like father, like son? Similarities in child and parental food intake. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Korkalo
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Mikkilä
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - C Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Heikkilä M, Valve R, Lehtovirta M, Fogelholm M. Development of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for young endurance athletes and their coaches. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:873-880. [PMID: 28975667 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both athletes and coaches should have adequate nutrition knowledge to understand the importance of diet on athletic performance, recovery, and health. Nutrition knowledge can be assessed reliably only by validated knowledge questionnaires. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing the nutrition knowledge of young endurance athletes and their coaches. The questionnaire was developed with an expert panel and pilot tested by athletes, coaches, and students. Content, face, and construct validities both as test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability were ensured when the current questionnaire was developed. Athletes (n = 16) and coaches (n = 13) pilot tested the 127-item questionnaire. After item analysis and proposals from the expert panel, 41 items were removed. Internal consistency of the 86-item questionnaire in the pilot study was 0.87, measured using Cronbach's α. Construct validity was evaluated by the difference in knowledge between nutrition (n = 20) and humanities students (n = 22). Nutrition students had significantly higher knowledge scores (P < .001). Test-retest reliability for all knowledge sections between those groups was 0.85 measured using Pearson's r. Final adjustments to the questionnaire were made on the grounds of feedback from the respondents and proposals from the experts (n = 6). These adjustments resulted in minor changes in the construct of the items, the layout of the questionnaire, and the removal of 7 items. The final questionnaire had 79 items. The questionnaire can be used to measure the overall nutrition knowledge of endurance athletes and their coaches and to find potential gaps in nutrition knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heikkilä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Valve
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lehtovirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Katzmarzyk PT, Broyles ST, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C. Sources of variability in childhood obesity indicators and related behaviors. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:108-110. [PMID: 28811652 PMCID: PMC5762390 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe sources of variability in obesity-related variables in 6,022 children aged 9–11 y from 12 countries. The study design involved recruitment of students, nested within schools, which were nested within study sites. Height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured and BMI was calculated; sleep duration and total and in-school moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry; and diet scores were obtained by questionnaire. Variance in most variables was largely explained at the student level: BMI (91.9%), WC (93.5%), sleep (75.3%), MVPA (72.5%), sedentary time (76.9%), healthy diet score (88.3%), unhealthy diet score (66.2%), with the exception of in-school MVPA (53.8%) and in-school sedentary time (25.1%). Variance explained at the school level ranged from 3.3% for BMI to 29.8% for in-school MVPA, and variance explained at the site level ranged from 3.2% for WC to 54.2% for in-school sedentary time. In general, more variance was explained at the school and site levels for behaviors than for anthropometric traits. Given the variance in obesity-related behaviors in primary school children explained at school and site levels, interventions that target policy and environmental changes may enhance obesity intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - E V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- School of Health Sciences/Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Olds
- School of Health Sciences/Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Erkkola M, Saloheimo T, Hauta-alus H, Kukkonen AK, Virta S, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Vaara E, Pelkonen AS, Fogelholm M, Mäkelä MJ. Burden of allergy diets in Finnish day care reduced by change in practices. Allergy 2016; 71:1453-60. [PMID: 27117067 DOI: 10.1111/all.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonessential allergy diets in children with mild symptoms may harm the development of immunological tolerance and impose a burden on families and day care. We aimed to reduce the high prevalence of allergy diets in day care by reforming the practices for inquiring about need of special diets from parents. METHODS We developed a new special diet form and an information leaflet based on the new allergy guidelines. The new form was implemented into 40 Finnish day care centres in the capital region in 2013-2015. The questionnaires on practices concerning special diets in day care centres and allergy knowledge were collected from the personnel. RESULTS After 2 years, the new special diet form was used by 64% of families with food-allergic children, and the prevalence of allergy diets in day care centres decreased by 43% to 4.3% (IQ range 3.05-5.96). A significant decrease was found in the prevalence of all basic (milk, grains, egg) and most other allergy diets (P for trend < 0.01). The new practice was well accepted by day care and kitchen personnel. Lack of updated allergy knowledge was noted among day care personnel. CONCLUSIONS The burden of allergy diets in day care settings could be decreased by simple pragmatic changes based on current allergy guidelines. Old allergy attitudes persisted among day care personnel, indicating the need for continuous education.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Erkkola
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - T. Saloheimo
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - H. Hauta-alus
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - A. K. Kukkonen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Virta
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - C. Kronberg-Kippilä
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - E. Vaara
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - A. S. Pelkonen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Fogelholm
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. J. Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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17
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Silvestre M, Poppitt S, Liu A, Muirhead R, Fogelholm M, Larsen T, Raben A, Brand-Miller J. Prevention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention in Europe and the world [PREVIEW]: RCT update for NZ and Australia. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Katzmarzyk PT, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Church TS. Association between body mass index and body fat in 9-11-year-old children from countries spanning a range of human development. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S43-6. [PMID: 27152184 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to assess associations between body mass index (BMI) and body fat in a multinational sample of 9-11-year-old children. The sample included 7265 children from countries ranging in human development. Total body fat (TBF) and percentage body fat (PBF) were measured with a Tanita SC-240 scale and BMI z-scores (BMIz) and percentiles were computed using reference data from the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Mean PBF at BMIz values of -1, 0 and +1 were estimated using multilevel models. Correlations between BMI and TBF were >0.90 in all countries, and correlations between BMI and PBF ranged from 0.76 to 0.96. Boys from India had higher PBF than boys from several other countries at all levels of BMIz. Kenyan girls had lower levels of PBF than girls from several other countries at all levels of BMIz. Boys and girls from Colombia had higher values of PBF at BMIz=-1, whereas Colombian boys at BMIz 0 and +1 also had higher values of PBF than boys in other countries. Our results show a consistently high correlation between BMI and adiposity in children from countries representing a wide range of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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19
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Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, LeBlanc AG, Tremblay MS, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Rae DE, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Olds T. Associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children: an international comparison. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S59-65. [PMID: 27152187 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although evidence is accumulating on the importance of a good night's sleep for healthy eating and activity behaviors, existing research has mainly been conducted in high-income, developed countries with limited sociocultural variability. This study is the first to examine the associations between sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors in children from 12 countries in five major geographic regions of the world. METHODS This observational, multinational cross-sectional study included 5777 children aged 9-11 years from sites in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. Nocturnal sleep duration (hours per night), sleep efficiency (%) and bedtime (h:min) were monitored over 7 consecutive days using an accelerometer. Lifestyle behaviors included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sedentary time (SED), self-reported screen time (ST) and healthy/unhealthy diet patterns (HDP/UDP). Multilevel modeling analyses were used to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. RESULTS Overall, participants averaged 8.8 (s.d. 0.9) hours of sleep with 96.2% (s.d. 1.4) sleep efficiency and a mean bedtime of 2218 hours. After adjustment for age, sex, highest parental education and BMI z-score, results showed that (i) sleep duration was negatively associated with MVPA, SED and UDP score; (ii) sleep efficiency was negatively associated with MVPA and UDP score, and positively associated with SED; and (iii) later bedtime was positively associated with SED, ST and UDP score, and negatively associated with MVPA and HDP score. Results using categories of sleep patterns were consistent with the linear associations. Results also revealed that associations between sleep patterns and MVPA, SED and ST were significantly different between study sites, with stronger associations in high-income countries compared with low/middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Sleep characteristics are important correlates of lifestyle behaviors in children. Differences between countries suggest that interventions aimed at improving sleep and lifestyle behaviors should be culturally adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A G LeBlanc
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St. Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St. Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D E Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes , Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Tudor-Locke C, Mire EF, Barreira TV, Schuna JM, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kurpad A, Kuriyan R, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Zhao P, Church TS, Katzmarzyk PT. Nocturnal sleep-related variables from 24-h free-living waist-worn accelerometry: International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S47-52. [PMID: 27152185 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe the process of identifying and defining nocturnal sleep-related variables (for example, movement/non-movement indicators of sleep efficiency, waking episodes, midpoint and so on) using the unique 24-h waist-worn free-living accelerometer data collected in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). METHODS Seven consecutive days of 24-h waist-worn accelerometer (GT3X+, ActiGraph LLC) data were collected from over 500 children at each site. An expert subgroup of the research team with accelerometry expertize, frontline data collectors and data managers met on several occasions to categorize and operationally define nocturnal accelerometer signal data patterns. The iterative process was informed by the raw data drawn from a sub set of the US data, and culminated in a refined and replicable delineated definition for each identified nocturnal sleep-related variable. Ultimately based on 6318 participants from all 12 ISCOLE sites with valid total sleep episode time (TSET), we report average clock times for nocturnal sleep onset, offset and midpoint in addition to sleep period time, TSET and restful sleep efficiency (among other derived variables). RESULTS Nocturnal sleep onset occurred at 2218 hours and nocturnal sleep offset at 0707 hours. The mean midpoint was 0243 hours. The sleep period time of 529.6 min (8.8 h) was typically accumulated in a single episode, making the average TSET very similar in duration (529.0 min). The mean restful sleep efficiency ranged from 86.8% (based on absolute non-movement of 0 counts per minute) to 96.0% (based on relative non-movement of <100 counts per minute). CONCLUSIONS These variables extend the potential of field-based 24-h waist-worn accelerometry to distinguish and categorize the underlying robust patterns of movement/non-movement signals conveying magnitude, duration, frequency and periodicity during the nocturnal sleep period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - E F Mire
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J M Schuna
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Zakrzewski JK, Gillison FB, Cumming S, Church TS, Katzmarzyk PT, Broyles ST, Champagne CM, Chaput JP, Denstel KD, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Mire EF, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Standage M. Associations between breakfast frequency and adiposity indicators in children from 12 countries. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S80-8. [PMID: 27152190 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports of inverse associations between breakfast frequency and indices of obesity are predominantly based on samples of children from high-income countries with limited socioeconomic diversity. Using data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE), the present study examined associations between breakfast frequency and adiposity in a sample of 9-11-year-old children from 12 countries representing a wide range of geographic and socio-cultural variability. METHODS Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between breakfast frequency (independent variable) and adiposity indicators (dependent variables: body mass index (BMI) z-score and body fat percentage (BF%)), adjusting for age, sex, and parental education in 6941 children from 12 ISCOLE study sites. Associations were also adjusted for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and sleep time in a sub-sample (n=5710). Where interactions with site were significant, results were stratified by site. RESULTS Adjusted mean BMI z-score and BF% for frequent breakfast consumers were 0.45 and 20.5%, respectively. Frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI z-scores compared with occasional (P<0.0001, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.10-0.29) and rare (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.18-0.46) consumption, as well as lower BF% compared with occasional (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.86-1.99) and rare (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 1.07-2.76). Associations with BMI z-score varied by site (breakfast by site interaction; P=0.033): associations were non-significant in three sites (Australia, Finland and Kenya), and occasional (not rare) consumption was associated with higher BMI z-scores compared with frequent consumption in three sites (Canada, Portugal and South Africa). Sub-sample analyses adjusting for additional covariates showed similar associations between breakfast and adiposity indicators, but lacked site interactions. CONCLUSIONS In a multinational sample of children, more frequent breakfast consumption was associated with lower BMI z-scores and BF% compared with occasional and rare consumption. Associations were not consistent across all 12 countries. Further research is required to understand global differences in the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Zakrzewski
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire , Bedford, UK
| | - F B Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - S Cumming
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C M Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K D Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E F Mire
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes , Bogota, Colombia
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
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22
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Denstel KD, Broyles ST, Larouche R, Sarmiento OL, Barreira TV, Chaput JP, Church TS, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Katzmarzyk PT. Active school transport and weekday physical activity in 9-11-year-old children from 12 countries. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S100-6. [PMID: 27152177 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Active school transport (AST) may increase the time that children spend in physical activity (PA). This study examined relationships between AST and weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time (SED) and total activity during naturally organized time periods (daily, before school, during school and after school) in a sample of children from 12 countries. METHODS The sample included 6224 children aged 9-11 years. PA and sedentary time were objectively measured using Actigraph accelerometers. AST was self-reported by participants. Multilevel generalized linear and logistic regression statistical models were used to determine associations between PA, SED and AST across and within study sites. RESULTS After adjustment for age, highest parental educational attainment, BMI z-score and accelerometer wear time, children who engaged in AST accumulated significantly more weekday MVPA during all studied time periods and significantly less time in LPA before school compared with children who used motorized transport to school. AST was unrelated to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Across all study sites, AST was associated with 6.0 min (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-7.3; P<0.0001) more of weekday MVPA; however, there was some evidence that this differed across study sites (P for interaction=0.06). Significant positive associations were identified within 7 of 12 study sites, with differences ranging from 4.6 min (95% CI: 0.3-8.9; P=0.04, in Canada) to 10.2 min (95% CI: 5.9-14.4; P<0.0001, in Brazil) more of daily MVPA among children who engaged in AST compared with motorized transport. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that AST was associated with children spending more time engaged in MVPA throughout the day and less time in LPA before school. AST represents a good behavioral target to increase levels of PA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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23
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Sarmiento OL, Lemoine P, Gonzalez SA, Broyles ST, Denstel KD, Larouche R, Onywera V, Barreira TV, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Church TS, Katzmarzyk PT. Relationships between active school transport and adiposity indicators in school-age children from low-, middle- and high-income countries. Int J Obes Supp 2015; 5:S107-14. [PMID: 27152178 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within the global context of the nutrition and physical activity transition it is important to determine the relationship between adiposity and active school transport (AST) across different environmental and socio-cultural settings. The present study assessed the association between adiposity (that is, body mass index z-score (BMIz), obesity, percentage body fat (PBF), waist circumference) and AST in 12 country sites, in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). METHODS The analytical sample included 6797 children aged 9-11 years. Adiposity indicators included, BMIz calculated using reference data from the World Health Organization, obesity (BMIz ⩾+2 s.d.), PBF measured using bioelectrical impedance and waist circumference. School travel mode was assessed by questionnaire and categorized as active travel versus motorized travel. Multilevel linear and non-linear models were used to estimate the magnitude of the associations between adiposity indicators and AST by country site and sex. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, parental education and motorized vehicle availability, children who reported AST were less likely to be obese (odds ratio=0.72, 95% confidence interval (0.60-0.87), P<0.001) and had a lower BMIz (-0.09, s.e.m.=0.04, P=0.013), PBF (least square means (LSM) 20.57 versus 21.23% difference -0.66, s.e.m.=0.22, P=0.002) and waist circumference (LSM 63.73 cm versus 64.63 cm difference -0.90, s.e.m.=0.26, P=0.001) compared with those who reported motorized travel. Overall, associations between obesity and AST did not differ by country (P=0.279) or by sex (P=0.571). CONCLUSIONS AST was associated with lower measures of adiposity in this multinational sample of children. Such findings could inform global efforts to prevent obesity among school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Lemoine
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S A Gonzalez
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - K D Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St John's Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St John's Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Standage
- Department of Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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24
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Qiao Y, Ma J, Wang Y, Li W, Katzmarzyk PT, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Johnson WD, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Church TS, Zhao P, Hu G. Birth weight and childhood obesity: a 12-country study. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S74-9. [PMID: 27152189 PMCID: PMC4850624 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated the association between the full range of birth weight and the risk of childhood obesity in high-, middle- and low-income countries. The aim of the present study is to assess the association between different levels of birth weight and the risk of obesity among children aged 9-11 years in 12 countries. METHODS A multinational, cross-sectional study of 5141 children aged 9-11 years was conducted in 12 countries. Height and weight were obtained using standardized methods. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary and sleeping were objectively measured using 24-h, waist-worn accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X+) monitored for 7 days. Birth weight and other factors (regions, parental education, maternal history of gestational diabetes, children age, gender, breast feeding, gestational age, unhealthy diet scores and healthy diet scores) were collected by parental and children's questionnaires. Multilevel modeling was used to account for the nested nature of the data. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity (BMI z-score>+2 s.d.) was 15.4% for boys and 10.0% for girls. There was a positive association between birth weight and BMI z-scores. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of childhood obesity were significantly higher among children whose birth weights were 3500-3999 g (OR 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.92), and >4000 g (OR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.47-2.93), compared with the reference group (2500-2999 g). The positive association between birth weight and the odds of childhood obesity was seen in girls, whereas a U-shaped association appeared in boys. CONCLUSIONS High levels of birth weight, defined as birth weight ⩾3500 g, were associated with increased odds of obesity among 9-11-year-old children in 12 countries. However, sex differences in the association between birth weight and the risk of obesity need to be considered when planning interventions to reduce childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - J Ma
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - W Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W D Johnson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - for the ISCOLE Research Group
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
- University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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25
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LeBlanc AG, Katzmarzyk PT, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Chaput JP, Church TS, Fogelholm M, Harrington DM, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Tremblay MS. Are participant characteristics from ISCOLE study sites comparable to the rest of their country? Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S9-S16. [PMID: 27152192 PMCID: PMC4850614 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) provides robust, multi-national information on physical activity, diet and weight status in 9-11-year-old children around the world. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the similarities and differences between participant characteristics from ISCOLE sites and data from nationally representative surveys from ISCOLE countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, Kenya, India, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States). METHODS Distributions of characteristics were assessed within each ISCOLE country-level database, and compared with published data from national or regional surveys, where available. Variables of comparison were identified a priori and included body mass index (BMI), physical activity (accelerometer-determined steps per day) and screen time (child-report). RESULTS Of 12 countries, data on weight status (BMI) were available in 8 countries, data on measured physical activity (steps per day) were available in 5 countries and data on self-reported screen time were available in 9 countries. The five ISCOLE countries that were part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey (that is, Canada, Finland, Portugal, the United Kingdom (England) and the United States) also provided comparable data on self-reported physical activity. Available country-specific data often used different measurement tools or cut-points, making direct comparisons difficult. Where possible, ISCOLE data were re-analyzed to match country-level data, but this step limited between-country comparisons. CONCLUSIONS From the analyses performed, the ISCOLE data do not seem to be systematically biased; however, owing to limitations in data availability, data from ISCOLE should be used with appropriate caution when planning country-level population health interventions. This work highlights the need for harmonized measurement tools around the world while accounting for culturally specific characteristics, and the need for collaboration across study centers and research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G LeBlanc
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- University of Syracuse, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - M S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - for the ISCOLE Research Group
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- University of Syracuse, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
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26
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Saloheimo T, González SA, Erkkola M, Milauskas DM, Meisel JD, Champagne CM, Tudor-Locke C, Sarmiento O, Katzmarzyk PT, Fogelholm M. The reliability and validity of a short food frequency questionnaire among 9-11-year olds: a multinational study on three middle-income and high-income countries. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S22-8. [PMID: 27152180 PMCID: PMC4850616 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a food frequency questionnaire with 23 food groups (I-FFQ) among a sample of 9-11-year-old children from three different countries that differ on economical development and income distribution, and to assess differences between country sites. Furthermore, we assessed factors associated with I-FFQ's performance. METHODS This was an ancillary study of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Reliability (n=321) and validity (n=282) components of this study had the same participants. Participation rates were 95% and 70%, respectively. Participants completed two I-FFQs with a mean interval of 4.9 weeks to assess reliability. A 3-day pre-coded food diary (PFD) was used as the reference method in the validity analyses. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, intraclass correlation coefficients and cross-classifications were used to assess the reliability of I-FFQ. Spearman correlation coefficients, percentage difference and cross-classifications were used to assess the validity of I-FFQ. A logistic regression model was used to assess the relation of selected variables with the estimate of validity. Analyses based on information in the PFDs were performed to assess how participants interpreted food groups. RESULTS Reliability correlation coefficients ranged from 0.37 to 0.78 and gross misclassification for all food groups was <5%. Validity correlation coefficients were below 0.5 for 22/23 food groups, and they differed among country sites. For validity, gross misclassification was <5% for 22/23 food groups. Over- or underestimation did not appear for 19/23 food groups. Logistic regression showed that country of participation and parental education were associated (P⩽0.05) with the validity of I-FFQ. Analyses of children's interpretation of food groups suggested that the meaning of most food groups was understood by the children. CONCLUSION I-FFQ is a moderately reliable method and its validity ranged from low to moderate, depending on food group and country site.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saloheimo
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S A González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Erkkola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D M Milauskas
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - J D Meisel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C M Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
| | - O Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vaara J, Vasankari T, Fogelholm M, Häkkinen K, Santtila M, Kyröläinen H. Maximal Strength, Muscular Endurance and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Young Adult Men. Int J Sports Med 2014; 35:1229-34. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vaara
- National Defence University, The Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - M. Fogelholm
- University of Helsinki, The Department of Food and Environmental Sciences
| | - K. Häkkinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M. Santtila
- Finnish Defence Forces, Personnel Division, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Kyröläinen
- National Defence University, The Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, Helsinki, Finland
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Vaara JP, Fogelholm M, Vasankari T, Santtila M, Häkkinen K, Kyröläinen H. Associations of maximal strength and muscular endurance with cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Sports Med 2013; 35:356-60. [PMID: 24022567 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the associations of maximal strength and muscular endurance with single and clustered cardiovascular risk factors. Muscular endurance, maximal strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference were measured in 686 young men (25±5 years). Cardiovascular risk factors (plasma glucose, serum high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure) were determined. The risk factors were transformed to z-scores and the mean of values formed clustered cardiovascular risk factor. Muscular endurance was inversely associated with triglycerides, s-LDL-cholesterol, glucose and blood pressure (β=-0.09 to - 0.23, p<0.05), and positively with s-HDL cholesterol (β=0.17, p<0.001) independent of cardiorespiratory fitness. Muscular endurance was negatively associated with the clustered cardiovascular risk factor independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (β=-0.26, p<0.05), whereas maximal strength was not associated with any of the cardiovascular risk factors or the clustered cardiovascular risk factor independent of cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with triglycerides, s-LDL-cholesterol and the clustered cardiovascular risk factor (β=-0.14 to - 0.24, p<0.005), as well as positively with s-HDL cholesterol (β=0.11, p<0.05) independent of muscular fitness. This cross-sectional study demonstrated that in young men muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness were independently associated with the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, whereas maximal strength was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Vaara
- The Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Fogelholm
- The Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki
| | - T Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Finland
| | - M Santtila
- Finnish Defence Forces, Personnel Division, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Häkkinen
- The Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, United States
| | - H Kyröläinen
- The Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
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Vaara J, Kyröläinen H, Fogelholm M, Santtila M, Häkkinen A, Häkkinen K, Vasankari T. Associations of leisure time, commuting and occupational physical activity with fitness and clustered cardiovascular risk factor. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Saarto T, Sievänen H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Nikander R, Vehmanen L, Huovinen R, Kautiainen H, Järvenpää S, Penttinen HM, Utriainen M, Jääskeläinen AS, Elme A, Ruohola J, Palva T, Vertio H, Rautalahti M, Fogelholm M, Luoto R, Blomqvist C. Effect of supervised and home exercise training on bone mineral density among breast cancer patients. A 12-month randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1601-12. [PMID: 21892676 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability of combined step aerobic- and circuit-training to prevent bone loss after breast cancer treatments was related to skeletal site and patients' menopausal status. Among premenopausal breast cancer survivors, a 12-month exercise intervention completely prevented bone loss at the femoral neck, whereas no exercise effect was seen at lumbar spine or at neither site in postmenopausal women. INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this randomised clinical trial was to determine the preventive effect of supervised weight-bearing jumping exercises and circuit training on bone loss among breast cancer patients. METHODS Of 573 breast cancer survivors aged 35-68 years randomly allocated into exercise or control group after adjuvant treatments, 498 (87%) were included in the final analysis. The 12-month exercise intervention comprised weekly supervised step aerobic- and circuit-exercises and similar home training. Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance was assessed by 2-km walking and figure-8 running tests, and the amount of physical activity was estimated in metabolic equivalent-hours/week. RESULTS In premenopausal women, bone loss at the femoral neck was prevented by exercise, the mean BMD changes being -0.2% among the trainees vs. -1.4% among the controls (p = 0.01). Lumbar bone loss could not be prevented (-1.9% vs. -2.2%). In postmenopausal women, no significant exercise-effect on BMD was found either at the lumbar spine (-1.6% vs. -2.1%) or femoral neck (-1.1% vs. -1.1%). CONCLUSIONS This 12-month aerobic jumping and circuit training intervention completely prevented femoral neck bone loss in premenopausal breast cancer patients, whereas no effect on BMD was seen in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saarto
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 180, Helsinki 00029 HUS, Finland.
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Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to study the relative health risks of poor cardio-respiratory fitness (or physical inactivity) in normal-weight people vs. obesity in individuals with good cardio-respiratory fitness (or high physical activity). The core inclusion criteria were: publication year 1990 or later; adult participants; design prospective follow-up, case-control or cross-sectional; data on cardio-respiratory fitness and/or physical activity; data on BMI (body mass index), waist circumference or body composition; outcome data on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence, type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk factors. Thirty-six publications filled the criteria for inclusion. The data indicate that the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was lower in individuals with high BMI and good aerobic fitness, compared with individuals with normal BMI and poor fitness. In contrast, having high BMI even with high physical activity was a greater risk for the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the prevalence of cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors, compared with normal BMI with low physical activity. The conclusions of the present review may not be applicable to individuals with BMI > 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fogelholm
- The Academy of Finland, Health Research Unit, 00501 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature suggests an association between obesity and schizophrenia but fat mass and fat-free mass, which have been shown to be more predictive of all-cause mortality than only waist circumference and obesity [body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m2], have not been reported in psychotic disorders. We examined the detailed body composition of people with different psychotic disorders in a large population-based sample. METHOD We used a nationally representative sample of 8082 adult Finns aged 30 years with measured anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage, fat-free mass and segmental muscle mass). Psychiatric diagnoses were based on a consensus procedure utilizing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-interview, case-notes and comprehensive register data. RESULTS Schizophrenia (including schizo-affective disorder) was associated with obesity [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.6], abdominal obesity (waist circumference 88 cm for women, 102 cm for men) (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.6) and with higher fat percentage (mean difference 3.8%, 95% CI 2.0-5.7%), adjusted for age and gender, than in the remaining sample. The associations between schizophrenia and low fat-free mass and decreased muscle mass on trunk and upper limbs became statistically significant after adjusting for BMI. After further adjusting for current antipsychotic medication, education, diet and smoking, schizophrenia remained associated with obesity (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.6) and abdominal obesity (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5-9.4). Participants with affective psychoses did not differ from the general population. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with schizophrenia have metabolically unfavorable body composition, comprising abdominal obesity, high fat percentage and low muscle mass. This leads to increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Saarni
- National Public Health Institute, Department for Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
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Karinkanta S, Heinonen A, Sievänen H, Uusi-Rasi K, Fogelholm M, Kannus P. Maintenance of exercise-induced benefits in physical functioning and bone among elderly women. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:665-74. [PMID: 18696173 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study showed that about a half of the exercise-induced gain in dynamic balance and bone strength was maintained one year after cessation of the supervised high-intensity training of home-dwelling elderly women. However, to maintain exercise-induced gains in lower limb muscle force and physical functioning, continued training seems necessary. INTRODUCTION Maintenance of exercise-induced benefits in physical functioning and bone structure was assessed one year after cessation of 12-month randomized controlled exercise intervention. METHODS Originally 149 healthy women 70-78 years of age participated in the 12-month exercise RCT and 120 (81%) of them completed the follow-up study. Self-rated physical functioning, dynamic balance, leg extensor force, and bone structure were assessed. RESULTS During the intervention, exercise increased dynamic balance by 7% in the combination resistance and balance-jumping training group (COMB). At the follow-up, a 4% (95% CI: 1-8%) gain compared with the controls was still seen, while the exercise-induced isometric leg extension force and self-rated physical functioning benefits had disappeared. During the intervention, at least twice a week trained COMB subjects obtained a significant 2% benefit in tibial shaft bone strength index compared to the controls. A half of this benefit seemed to be maintained at the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Exercise-induced benefits in dynamic balance and rigidity in the tibial shaft may partly be maintained one year after cessation of a supervised 12-month multi-component training in initially healthy elderly women. However, to maintain the achieved gains in muscle force and physical functioning, continued training seems necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karinkanta
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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Uusi-Rasi K, Sievanen H, Kannus P, Pasanen M, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Fogelholm M. Influence of weight reduction on muscle performance and bone mass, structure and metabolism in obese premenopausal women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2009; 9:72-80. [PMID: 19516082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Muscle performance, body composition and bone mass at the lumbar spine and proximal femur with DXA, structural traits at the tibia and radius with pQCT, and biomarkers of bone metabolism were assessed at baseline and after a three-month weight reduction in obese premenopausal women. Associations between changes in weight loss and bone traits were analyzed by linear regression analysis. The mean (SD) weight loss was 4.3 (4.5) kg ranging from 14.8 kg loss to 2.1 kg gain. Muscle performance was well maintained, while no signs of bone loss or structural deterioration were observed. Changes in bone resorption were significantly associated with weight change (for CTX, r=-0.34; p=0.043, and for TRACP5b, r=-0.35; p=0.032). There were borderline (p<0.1) negative correlations between changes in biomarkers and bone traits. Reduced fat mass was associated with slight mean increase in cortical density of the radial shaft. Also total body BMC increased slightly. Changes in both fat and lean mass were associated with a change in BMC. Our findings suggest that mild-to-moderate weight reduction modulated bone turnover slightly, but they do not support the common notion that such a weight reduction would compromise bone rigidity, possibly partly due to well maintained muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uusi-Rasi
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, Tampere FI-33501, Finland.
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Mäkinen T, Borodulin K, Laatikainen T, Fogelholm M, Prättälä R. Twenty-five year socioeconomic trends in leisure-time and commuting physical activity among employed Finns. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 19:188-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sallinen J, Pakarinen A, Fogelholm M, Alen M, Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K. Dietary Intake, Serum Hormones, Muscle Mass and Strength During Strength Training in 49 - 73-Year-Old Men. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28:1070-6. [PMID: 17497592 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of dietary intake on serum hormones, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and strength during strength training were studied in two groups of men: 1) strength training + nutritional counseling (n = 22, 59.1 +/- 6.1 yrs), and 2) strength training (n = 23, 58.5 +/- 7.1 yrs). Both groups performed strength training twice a week for 21 weeks. Counseling increased carbohydrate (p < 0.01) and fiber intake (p < 0.001) and polyunsaturated/saturated fat-ratio (p < 0.05) and decreased fat intake (p < 0.01). Muscle strength and CSA increased by 16 - 20 % and by 5.4 - 5.9 % in both groups (p < 0.001). Changes in protein content of diet correlated with the changes in the acute postexercise concentrations of total (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) and free testosterone (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) after training in the counseling group. Moreover, changes in the free testosterone responses to heavy-resistance exercise correlated with the increases in the muscle CSA (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) in the counseling group. Serum basal testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin-ratios correlated with the body mass normalized energy (kJ/kg: r = 0.54, p < 0.001), protein (g/kg: r = 0.42, p < 0.01) and fat (g/kg: r = 0.51, p < 0.01) intake in all participants during the training. The data indicate that protein and fat intake may influence serum testosterone concentrations and that the changes in exercise-induced testosterone responses may contribute to muscle mass development during strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sallinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity and Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Sallinen J, Fogelholm M, Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Alen M, Häkkinen K. Effects of Strength Training and Reduced Training on Functional Performance and Metabolic Health Indicators in Middle-Aged Men. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28:815-22. [PMID: 17455121 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-964901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in muscular fitness and metabolic health indicators were examined in 22 men (57.9 +/- 6.6 years, BMI 24.5 +/- 2.6 kg/m (2)) and 21 control men (58.2 +/- 6.1 years, BMI 25.4 +/- 2.8 kg/m (2)) during two consecutive 21-week periods: 1) whole body progressive strength training (ST: twice a week), and 2) continued reduced training (CRT: 3 ST sessions/2 weeks, n = 17 + 17). After the 21-week ST period, maximal strength of leg extensors increased in the ST group by 19.6 +/- 7.6 % vs. 2.8 +/- 4.4 % (p < 0.001) and also 10-m walking time and 10-step stair-climbing time shortened by - 17.2 +/- 7.6 % vs. 4.1 +/- 3.9 % (p < 0.01) and by - 8.2 +/- 6.8 % vs. - 3.0 +/- 6.8 % (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. Systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased in the ST group by - 4.4 +/- 6.7 % vs. 1.3 +/- 9.5 % (p < 0.05) compared to the controls after the ST period. Muscle strength as well as walking and stair-climbing times remained the same during the CRT. However, the changes in diastolic BP (- 8.9 +/- 8.7 % vs. - 1.0 +/- 6.6 %, p < 0.05) and fasting blood glucose concentrations (0.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/L vs. 0.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, p < 0.05) differed between the ST and control groups after the whole 42-week study period. Strength training has positive health effects in aging men by increasing maximal strength and functional performance and by decreasing resting blood pressure and high-intensity reduced strength training can maintain these health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sallinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Fogelholm M, Kronholm E, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Partonen T, Partinen M, Härmä M. Sleep-related disturbances and physical inactivity are independently associated with obesity in adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1713-21. [PMID: 17579634 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study relationships between obesity, physical inactivity and sleep-related disturbances (obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), sleep duration, sleep disturbances concomitant with daytime tiredness) in adults (> or =30 years). DESIGN Cross-sectional study with a random population sample. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3377 men (mean age 52.3, s.d. 14.8, years) and 4264 women (56.4, s.d. 17.2, years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dependent variables, measured: Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Independent variables, from a detailed interview/questionnaire: probable OSA, other sleep-related disturbances, sleep duration, type and frequency of leisure physical activity. Age, mental health, smoking and education were included in analyses as potential confounders. RESULTS In men, OSA and physical inactivity increased likelihood for abdominal obesity (WC > or =102 cm). Physical inactivity also increased, but long (> or =9 h/day) sleep decreased likelihood for abdominal overweight (WC: 94-101 cm) in men. In women, abdominal obesity (WC > or =88 cm) was associated positively with OSA, moderate sleep-related disturbances, and physical inactivity. Education modulated the influence of age on abdominal obesity in both genders. Using BMI as the dependent variable did not change the general information obtained by the model. In addition, abdominal obesity was found to be an independent risk factor also in multivariable models predicting categories of a combined sleep duration and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration and sleep-related disturbances are associated with obesity, even after controlling for OSA and physical inactivity. The results support the hypothesis of vicious circle between sleep and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fogelholm
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
We studied the associations of overweight (OW, BMI > or =85th percentile) and physical activity (PA) with physical fitness in adolescents. The nationally representative sample was 1120 boys and 1146 girls, aged 15-16 years. Height and weight were self-reported. The level of PA was based on self-reported frequency and duration of sweating during organized and non-organized activity. Fitness was measured by sit-ups, sit-and-reach, five-jump, back-and-forth jumping, ball skills, coordination and endurance shuttle run tests. The fitness index was calculated as the mean of z-scores for individual tests. The prevalence of OW was 17.3% in boys and 11.8% in girls. The main effect of PA (in analysis of variance) on all fitness tests was significant (P< or =0.005). The main effect of OW was significant (P<0.002) for all tests, except for sit-and-reach. According to linear regression models, the association between PA and fitness was stronger than that between OW and fitness. Sit-ups, endurance shuttle-run and fitness index showed the strongest association with PA (standardized beta coefficients 0.31-0.49). OW was not associated with sit-and-reach test (coefficient 0.04) and only weakly with the ball skills test (coefficients -0.10 to -0.12). In conclusion, OW had the most negative association with cardiorespiratory and muscle endurance, and explosive power tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fogelholm
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
The aim of the Finnish Policy Options for Responding to the Growing Challenge of Obesity Research Project study was to use a multi-criteria mapping method to assess stakeholder opinions on policies that might have relevance when planning policies targeting obesity prevention. When evaluating policies, criteria relating to 'Positive societal benefits' and 'Additional health benefits' were often considered important, along with the more obvious 'Efficacy in addressing obesity'. Other criteria (like economic factors) were of less importance. All policy options targeting at 'Educational and Research Initiatives' were highly ranked in the analysis by all stakeholders. Policies aimed at improving 'Food-Related Informational Initiatives' were also ranked well on average, although more variation between stakeholders existed. Policies targeting increased physical activity and easier access/provision to healthy foods received also relatively good rankings but with wide variation and doubts in the appraisals. Policies encouraging new technological innovations and institutional reforms were mostly ranked poorly and were not seen as solutions to obesity problem. Irrespective of the stakeholder group, it seems that while traditional educational policies were most highly ranked, several other policies are also viable options in the policy portfolio of obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borg
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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Karinkanta S, Heinonen A, Sievänen H, Uusi-Rasi K, Pasanen M, Ojala K, Fogelholm M, Kannus P. A multi-component exercise regimen to prevent functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women: randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:453-62. [PMID: 17103296 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study showed that combination of strength, balance, agility and jumping training prevented functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women. The finding supports the idea that it is possible to maintain good physical functioning by multi-component exercise program and thus postpone the age-related functional problems. INTRODUCTION This 1-year randomized, controlled exercise intervention trial assessed the effects of two different training programs and their combination on physical functioning and bone in home-dwelling elderly women. METHODS One hundred and forty-nine healthy women aged 70-78 years were randomly assigned into: group 1-resistance training (RES), group 2-balance-jumping training (BAL), group 3-combination of resistance and balance-jumping training (COMB), and group 4-controls (CON). Self-rated physical functioning, leg extensor force, dynamic balance, and bone mass and structure were measured. RESULTS Self-rated physical functioning improved in the COMB group, but was reduced in the CON group; the mean inter-group difference was 10% (95% CI: 0-22%). Mean increase in the leg extensor force was higher in the RES (14%; 4-25%) and COMB (13%; 3-25%) compared with the CON groups. Dynamic balance improved in the BAL (6%; 1-11%) and in the COMB (8%; 3-12%) groups. There were no inter-group differences in BMC at the proximal femur. In those COMB women who trained at least twice a week, the tibial shaft structure weakened 2% (0-4%) less than those in the CON group. CONCLUSIONS Strength, balance, agility, and jumping training (especially in combination) prevented functional decline in home-dwelling elderly women. In addition, positive effects seen in the structure of the loaded tibia indicated that exercise may also play a role in preventing bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karinkanta
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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Fogelholm M. S20.A World epidemics of sedentary lifestyle and obesity and their relations with sleep problems. Sleep Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-9457(07)70086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kinnunen TI, Pasanen M, Aittasalo M, Fogelholm M, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Weiderpass E, Luoto R. Preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy - a controlled trial in primary health care. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61:884-91. [PMID: 17228348 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether individual counselling on diet and physical activity during pregnancy can have positive effects on diet and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and prevent excessive gestational weight gain. DESIGN A controlled trial. SETTING Six maternity clinics in primary health care in Finland. The clinics were selected into three intervention and three control clinics. SUBJECTS Of the 132 pregnant primiparas, recruited by 15 public health nurses (PHN), 105 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS The intervention included individual counselling on diet and LTPA during five routine visits to a PHN until 37 weeks' gestation; the controls received the standard maternity care. RESULTS The counselling did not affect the proportion of primiparas exceeding the weight gain recommendations or total LTPA when adjusted for confounders. The adjusted proportion of high-fibre bread of the total weekly amount of bread decreased more in the control group than in the intervention group (difference 11.8%-units, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-23.1, P=0.04). The adjusted intake of vegetables, fruit and berries increased by 0.8 portions/day (95% CI 0.3-1.4, P=0.004) and dietary fibre by 3.6 g/day (95% CI 1.0-6.1, P=0.007) more in the intervention group than in the control group. There were no high birth weight babies (>or=4000 g) in the intervention group, but eight (15%) of them in the control group (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS The counselling helped pregnant women to maintain the proportion of high-fibre bread and to increase vegetable, fruit and fibre intakes, but was unable to prevent excessive gestational weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Kinnunen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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Kukkonen-Harjula K, Hiilloskorpi H, Mänttäri A, Pasanen M, Parkkari J, Suni J, Fogelholm M, Laukkanen R. Self-guided brisk walking training with or without poles: a randomized-controlled trial in middle-aged women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 17:316-23. [PMID: 17038158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Walking with poles (Nordic walking, NW) has become popular. We compared training responses of brisk walking (W) or NW on cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness. We randomized 121 non-obese sedentary women (aged 50-60) to an NW or W group (NWG, WG), to train 40 min four times weekly for 13 weeks. Intensity was based on subjective perception of exertion. Cardiorespiratory performance was assessed in four levels corresponding to 50%, 65%, 80% and 100% of peak VO(2). Fifty-four NWG and 53 WG subjects completed the study. The mean intensity was about 50% of heart rate (HR) reserve. The baseline peak VO(2) was 25.8 (SD 3.9) mL/min/kg. Both groups improved peak VO(2) similarly (NWG 2.5 mL/min/kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-3.3; WG 2.6, CI 1.9-3.3). In the submaximal stages while walking with or without poles, HR and lactate decreased after training in both groups, but the changes were not statistically significantly different between the groups. Of the neuromuscular tests after training, the only significant difference between the groups was in the leg strength in the one-leg squat, favoring WG. In conclusion, both training modes improved similarly health-enhancing physical fitness, and they were feasible and safe.
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Linna MS, Borg P, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Fogelholm M, Nenonen A, Ahotupa M, Vasankari TJ. Successful weight maintenance preserves lower levels of oxidized LDL achieved by weight reduction in obese men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 31:245-53. [PMID: 16801927 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the association between weight maintenance, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and other lipoproteins in obese men. METHODS A 2-month weight reduction phase (WRP) with a very-low-energy diet was followed by a 6-month weight maintenance period and an unsupervised 2-year follow-up. Ninety men entered and 68 (76%) completed the study. Subjects were analyzed as one group and after division into two subgroups: 20 most successful men in maintaining the lost weight (subgroup 1) and the remaining (n=48) men (subgroup 2). Ox-LDL was measured by quantifying the amount of conjugated dienes in LDL particles. RESULTS The mean (+/-s.d.) weight reduction at the end of the WRP (n=68) was 14% (confidence interval (CI) 12.9-14.7%, 14.5+/-4.2 kg, P<0.001). Ox-LDL decreased by 22% (CI 16.9-28.1, 12.3+/-15.4 micromol/l, P<0.001). At the end of the 2-year follow-up, the regain in weight from the end of the WRP was 11% (CI 9.0-12.4, 9.6+/-6.2 kg, P<0.001). The regain in ox-LDL was 30% (CI 18.7-41.2, 8.2+/-15.4 micromol/l, P<0.001). In subgroup 1 vs 2, the respective regains were 3% (CI 0.9-4.2, 2.2+/-3.0 kg, P=0.006) vs 14% (CI 12.7-15.6, 12.9+/-4.0 kg, P<0.001) regarding weight and 9% (2.0+/-6.9 micromol/l, P=NS) vs 39% (CI 23.7-53.9, 11.2+/-17.2 micromol/l, P</=0.001) in ox-LDL. CONCLUSION The favorable changes seen in ox-LDL particles and serum lipids during weight reduction could be maintained by keeping the weight reduced, which may indicate decreased risk of atherosclerosis. But weight regain causes a resurge of ox-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Linna
- Department of Physiology, Sports Medical Research Unit, Paavo Nurmi Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Lindström J, Peltonen M, Eriksson JG, Louheranta A, Fogelholm M, Uusitupa M, Tuomilehto J. High-fibre, low-fat diet predicts long-term weight loss and decreased type 2 diabetes risk: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Diabetologia 2006; 49:912-20. [PMID: 16541277 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary macronutrient composition and energy density with the change in body weight and waist circumference and diabetes incidence in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Overweight, middle-aged men (n=172) and women (n=350) with impaired glucose tolerance were randomised to receive either 'standard care' (control) or intensive dietary and exercise counselling. Baseline and annual examinations included assessment of dietary intake with 3-day food records and diabetes status by repeated 75-g OGTTs. For these analyses the treatment groups were combined and only subjects with follow-up data (n=500) were included. RESULTS Individuals with low fat (<median) and high fibre (>median) intakes lost more weight compared with those consuming a high-fat (>median), low-fibre (<median) diet (3.1 vs 0.7 kg after 3 years). In separate models, hazard ratios for diabetes incidence during a mean follow-up of 4.1 years were (highest compared with lowest quartile) 0.38 (95% CI 0.19-0.77) for fibre intake, 2.14 (95% CI 1.16-3.92) for fat intake, and 1.73 (95% CI 0.89-3.38) for saturated-fat intake, after adjustment for sex, intervention assignment, weight and weight change, physical activity, baseline 2-h plasma glucose and intake of the nutrient being investigated. Compared with the low-fat/high-fibre category, hazard ratios were 1.98 (95% CI 0.98-4.02), 2.68 (95% CI 1.40-5.10), and 1.89 (95% CI 1.09-3.30) for low-fat/low-fibre, high-fat/high-fibre, and high-fat/low-fibre, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Dietary fat and fibre intake are significant predictors of sustained weight reduction and progression to type 2 diabetes in high-risk subjects, even after adjustment for other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lindström
- Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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