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Orina F, Amukoye E, Bowyer C, Chakaya J, Das D, Devereux G, Dobson R, Dragosits U, Gray C, Kiplimo R, Lesosky M, Loh M, Meme H, Mortimer K, Ndombi A, Pearson C, Price H, Twigg M, West S, Semple S. Household carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in a large African city: An unquantified public health burden? Environ Pollut 2024; 351:124054. [PMID: 38677455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels that is linked to mortality and morbidity. Household air pollution from burning fuels on poorly ventilated stoves can lead to high concentrations of CO in homes. There are few datasets available on household concentrations of CO in urban areas of sub-Saharan African countries. CO was measured every minute over 24 h in a sample of homes in Nairobi, Kenya. Data on household characteristics were gathered by questionnaire. Metrics of exposure were summarised and analysis of temporal changes in concentration was performed. Continuous 24-h data were available from 138 homes. The mean (SD), median (IQR) and maximum 24-h CO concentration was 4.9 (6.4), 2.8 (1.0-6.3) and 44 ppm, respectively. 50% of homes had detectable CO concentrations for 847 min (14h07m) or longer during the 24-h period, and 9% of homes would have activated a CO-alarm operating to European specifications. An association between a metric of total CO exposure and self-reported exposure to vapours >15 h per week was identified, however this were not statistically significant after adjustment for the multiple comparisons performed. Mean concentrations were broadly similar in homes from a more affluent area and an informal settlement. A model of typical exposure suggests that cooking is likely to be responsible for approximately 60% of the CO exposure of Nairobi schoolchildren. Household CO concentrations are substantial in Nairobi, Kenya, despite most homes using gas or liquid fuels. Concentrations tend to be highest during the evening, probably associated with periods of cooking. Household air pollution from cooking is the main source of CO exposure of Nairobi schoolchildren. The public health impacts of long-term CO exposure in cities in sub-Saharan Africa may be considerable and should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Orina
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E Amukoye
- Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Bowyer
- Faculty of Creative and Cultural Industries, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - J Chakaya
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D Das
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - G Devereux
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - R Dobson
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - U Dragosits
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - C Gray
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Kiplimo
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Lesosky
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - M Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - H Meme
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K Mortimer
- Cambridge Africa, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A Ndombi
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Pearson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - H Price
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - M Twigg
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - S West
- Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - S Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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Ng W, Loh M, Yew YW. Investigating causal relationships between genetically determined increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and atopic dermatitis (AD): A Mendelian randomization analysis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1468-1475. [PMID: 37317926 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition with a huge disease burden. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often diagnosed in children, and is associated with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour. Observational studies have demonstrated associations between AD and ADHD. However, to date, there has been no formal assessment of causal relationship between the two. We aim to evaluate causal relationships between genetically increased risk of AD and ADHD using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Two-sample bi-directional MR was conducted to elucidate potential causal relationships between genetically increased risk of AD and ADHD, using the largest and most recent genome-wide association study datasets for AD and ADHD-EArly Genetics & Lifecourse Epidemiology AD consortium (21 399 cases and 95 464 controls) and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (20 183 cases and 35 191 controls). Genetically determined increased risk of AD is not associated with ADHD based on genetic information: odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 (95% CI -0.93 to 1.11; p = 0.705). Similarly, genetic determined increased risk of ADHD is not associated with an increased risk of AD: OR of 0.90 (95% CI -0.76 to 1.07; p = 0.236). Horizontal pleiotropy was not observed from the MR-Egger intercept test (p = 0.328) Current MR analysis showed no causal relationship between genetically increased risk of AD and ADHD in either direction in individuals of European descent. Any observed associations between AD and ADHD in previous population studies could possibly be due to confounding lifestyle factors such as psychosocial stress and sleeping habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y W Yew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Elitzur S, Vora A, Burkhardt B, Inaba H, Attarbaschi A, Baruchel A, Escherich G, Gibson B, Liu H, Loh M, Moorman A, Moricke A, Pieters R, Uyttebroeck A, Baird S, Bartram J, Ben-Harosh M, Bertrand Y, Buitenkamp T, Caldwell K, Drut R, Geerlinks A, Grainger J, Haouy S, Heaney N, Huang M, Ingham D, Krenova Z, Kuhlen M, Lehrnbecher T, Manabe A, Niggli F, Paris C, Revel-Vilk S, Rohrlich P, Sandeep B, Sinno M, Szczepanski T, Tamesberger M, Warrier R, Wolfl M, Nirel R, Izraeli S, Borkhardt A, Schmiegelow K. EBV-DRIVEN LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL MAINTENANCE THERAPY: AN INTERNATIONAL OBSERVATINAL STUDY. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Meyer L, Roy RP, Huang B, Kimura S, Polonen P, Delgado-Martin C, Vincent T, Ryan T, Wood B, Liu Y, Zhang J, Mullighan C, Horton T, Loh M, Devidas M, Raetz E, Hayashi R, Winter S, Dunsmore K, Hunger S, Teachey D, Hermiston M, Olshen AB. A TARGETED GENE EXPRESSION CLASSIFIER IDENTIFIES PEDIATRIC T-ALL PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK FOR END INDUCTION MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE POSITIVITY. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lindsay D, Killington A, Fouhy K, Loh M, Malakar P. The CDC biofilm bioreactor is a suitable method to grow biofilms, and test their sanitiser susceptibilities, in the dairy context. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dancer SJ, Cormack K, Loh M, Coulombe C, Thomas L, Pravinkumar SJ, Kasengele K, King MF, Keaney J. Healthcare-acquired clusters of COVID-19 across multiple wards in a Scottish health board. J Hosp Infect 2021; 120:23-30. [PMID: 34863874 PMCID: PMC8634690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Healthcare-acquired COVID-19 has been an additional burden on hospitals managing increasing numbers of patients with SARS-CoV-2. One acute hospital (W) among three in a Scottish healthboard experienced an unexpected surge of COVID-19 clusters. Aim To investigate possible causes of COVID-19 clusters at Hospital W. Methods Daily surveillance provided total numbers of patients and staff involved in clusters in three acute hospitals (H, M and W) and care homes across the healthboard. All clusters were investigated and documented, along with patient boarding, community infection rates and outdoor temperatures from October 2020 to March 2021. Selected SARS-CoV-2 strains were genotyped. Findings There were 19 COVID-19 clusters on 14 wards at Hospital W during the six-month study period, lasting from two to 42 days (average, five days; median, 14 days) and involving an average of nine patients (range 1–24) and seven staff (range 0–17). COVID-19 clusters in Hospitals H and M reflected community infection rates. An outbreak management team implemented a control package including daily surveillance; ward closures; universal masking; screening; restricting staff and patient movement; enhanced cleaning; and improved ventilation. Forty clusters occurred across all three hospitals before a January window-opening policy, after which there were three during the remainder of the study. Conclusion The winter surge of COVID-19 clusters was multi-factorial, but clearly exacerbated by moving trauma patients around the hospital. An extended infection prevention and control package including enhanced natural ventilation helped reduce COVID-19 clusters in acute hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Dancer
- Department of Microbiology, NHS Lanarkshire & Edinburgh Napier University, UK.
| | - K Cormack
- Quality Directorate, NHS Lanarkshire, UK
| | - M Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Coulombe
- Infection Prevention & Control, NHS Lanarkshire, UK
| | - L Thomas
- Infection Prevention & Control, NHS Lanarkshire, UK
| | | | - K Kasengele
- Department of Public Health, NHS Lanarkshire, UK
| | - M-F King
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Dalan R, Mina T, Nur Azizah NA, Tong T, Loh M, Wansaicheong G, Chambers J. Sex modifies the association between body mass index and carotid artery intima media thickness in the multi-ethnic Singapore population. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
Globally cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher in men than in women in the younger age group but the risk is attenuated in later life with an unexpected higher risk in women in some populations. A better understanding of sex differences in CVD is needed. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been proposed for CVD risk assessment in individuals at intermediate risk. We study the gender interactions in the associations of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors with CIMT.
Methods
We performed carotid ultrasonography in the large population health study-HELIOS conducted in Singapore. Measurements were performed as per Mannheim consensus, at the far wall of bilateral common carotid artery at 8 sites in each participant. We report the average of all measurements (avgCIMT) and maximum value (maxCIMT). We analysed 2061 healthy participants recruited between 2018–2020. Inclusion criteria for this analysis: non-smokers, not known to have diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia or ischemic heart disease. Individuals with systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg or fasting glucose >7.0 mmol/L on recruitment were excluded. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association between CIMT and cardiovascular risk factors in the healthy population adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity. All analysis was performed using Stata version 16.0.
Results
After exclusion, 1407 healthy participants were included in the analysis. Median (IQR) avgCIMT: 0.56 (0.50, 0.65) in men; 0.54 (0.50, 0.58) in women. Median (IQR) maxCIMT: 0.64 (0.57, 0.76) in men; 0.61 (0.54, 0.70) in women. The avgCIMT and the maxCIMT were higher in males when compared to women and all traditional cardiovascular risk factors associated with CIMT after adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity (P<0.05) (Table 1). Interaction tests in multivariable model adjusted for age, ethnicity, pulse pressure, non HDL-C and HbA1c showed a significant interaction between sex and body mass index (BMI) with predicted effects on avgCIMT and maxCIMT being relatively higher in males at the same BMI when compared to females (P-interaction <0.01) (Figure 1).
Conclusion
Sex modifies the relationship between BMI and CIMT in Singapore's multi-ethnic population. Understanding the intermediary mechanisms involved will help in developing personalized preventive strategies.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dalan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Endocrinology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Mina
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N A Nur Azizah
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Tong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - J Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Loh M, Smith R, Forde M, Mills D. IV treatment increase? Br Dent J 2021; 230:324. [PMID: 33772162 PMCID: PMC7995384 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Loh M, Smith R, Forde M, Mills D. Phone call success. Br Dent J 2021; 230:326. [PMID: 33772169 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Mueller W, Loh M, Vardoulakis S, Johnston HJ, Steinle S, Precha N, Kliengchuay W, Tantrakarnapa K, Cherrie JW. Ambient particulate matter and biomass burning: an ecological time series study of respiratory and cardiovascular hospital visits in northern Thailand. Environ Health 2020; 19:77. [PMID: 32620124 PMCID: PMC7333306 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter (PM) emitted from biomass burning is an increasing concern, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is not yet clear how the source of PM influences the risk of an adverse health outcome. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare health risks of PM from biomass burning and non-biomass burning sources in northern Thailand. METHODS We collected ambient air pollutant data (PM with a diameter of < 10 μm [PM10], PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide [CO], Ozone [O3], and Nitrogen Dioxide [NO2]) from ground-based monitors and daily outpatient hospital visits in Thailand during 2014-2017. Outpatient data included chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). We performed an ecological time series analysis to evaluate the association between daily air pollutants and outpatient visits. We used the 90th and 95th percentiles of PM10 concentrations to determine days of exposure to PM predominantly from biomass burning. RESULTS There was significant intra annual variation in PM10 levels, with the highest concentrations occurring during March, coinciding with peak biomass burning. Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) between daily PM10 and outpatient visits were elevated most on the same day as exposure for CLRD = 1.020 (95% CI: 1.012 to 1.028) and CBVD = 1.020 (95% CI: 1.004 to 1.035), with no association with IHD = 0.994 (95% CI: 0.974 to 1.014). Adjusting for CO tended to increase effect estimates. We did not find evidence of an exposure response relationship with levels of PM10 on days of biomass burning. CONCLUSIONS We found same-day exposures of PM10 to be associated with certain respiratory and cardiovascular outpatient visits. We advise implementing measures to reduce population exposures to PM wherever possible, and to improve understanding of health effects associated with burning specific types of biomass in areas where such large-scale activities occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Mueller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP UK
| | - M. Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP UK
| | - S. Vardoulakis
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP UK
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - H. J. Johnston
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - S. Steinle
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP UK
| | - N. Precha
- Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | | | - J. W. Cherrie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP UK
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
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Pastor A, Conn J, O'Brien CL, Teng J, Loh M, Collins L, MacIsaac RJ, Bonomo Y. Clinicians feel comfortable discussing alcohol but not illicit drug use with young adults with Type 1 diabetes: a survey of clinicians. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1076-1078. [PMID: 31529510 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pastor
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Conn
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C L O'Brien
- Mental Health Services, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Loh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Collins
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Bonomo
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kiburg KV, Ward GM, Vogrin S, Steele K, Mulrooney E, Loh M, McLachlan SA, Sundararajan V, MacIsaac RJ. Impact of type 2 diabetes on hospitalization and mortality in people with malignancy. Diabet Med 2020; 37:362-368. [PMID: 31559651 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the characteristics of and outcomes for people with malignancies with and without a co-diagnosis of diabetes. METHODS Emergency department and hospital discharge data from a single centre for the period between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 were used to identify people with a diagnosis of a malignancy and diabetes. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of diabetes on all-cause mortality. A truncated negative binomial regression model was used to assess the impact of diabetes on length of hospital inpatient stay. Prentice-Williams-Peterson total time models were used to assess the effect of diabetes on number of emergency department re-presentations and inpatient re-admissions. RESULTS Of 7004 people identified with malignancies, 1195 (17.1%) were also diagnosed with diabetes. A diagnosis of diabetes was associated with a greater number of inpatient re-admissions [adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.03, 1.24)], a greater number of emergency department re-presentations [adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 (95% CI 1.05, 1.22)] and longer length of stay [adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.14 (95% CI 1.04, 1.25)]. A co-diagnosis of diabetes was also associated with a 48% increased risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 1.48 (95% CI 1.22-1.76)]. CONCLUSIONS People with malignancies and diabetes had significantly more emergency department presentations, more inpatient admissions, longer length of hospital stay and higher rates of all-cause mortality compared to people with a malignancy without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Kiburg
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - G M Ward
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - S Vogrin
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - K Steele
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - E Mulrooney
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - M Loh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - S A McLachlan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - V Sundararajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
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13
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Dong W, Pan L, Li H, Miller MR, Loh M, Wu S, Xu J, Yang X, Shan J, Chen Y, Deng F, Guo X. Association of size-fractionated indoor particulate matter and black carbon with heart rate variability in healthy elderly women in Beijing. Indoor Air 2018; 28:373-382. [PMID: 29315830 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Associations between size-fractionated indoor particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) and heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) in elderly women remain unclear. Twenty-nine healthy elderly women were measured for 24-hour HRV/HR indices. Real-time size-fractionated indoor PM and BC were monitored on the same day and on the preceding day. Mixed-effects models were applied to investigate the associations between pollutants and HRV/HR indices. Increases in size-fractionated indoor PM were significantly associated with declines in power in the high-frequency band (HF), power in the low-frequency band (LF), and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN). The largest decline in HF was 19% at 5-minute moving average for an interquartile range (IQR) increase (24 μg/m3 ) in PM0.5 . The results showed that smaller particles could lead to greater reductions in HRV indices. The reported associations were modified by body mass index (BMI): Declines in HF at 5-minute average for an IQR increase in PM0.5 were 34.5% and 1.0% for overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 ) and normal-weight (BMI <25 kg/m2 ) participants, respectively. Moreover, negative associations between BC and HRV indices were found to be significant in overweight participants. Increases in size-fractionated indoor PM and BC were associated with compromised cardiac autonomic function in healthy elderly women, especially overweight ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - L Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - M R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - J Shan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Respiratory Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - F Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - X Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Hodas N, Loh M, Shin HM, Li D, Bennett D, McKone TE, Jolliet O, Weschler CJ, Jantunen M, Lioy P, Fantke P. Indoor inhalation intake fractions of fine particulate matter: review of influencing factors. Indoor Air 2016; 26:836-856. [PMID: 26562829 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) is a major contributor to the global human disease burden. The indoor environment is of particular importance when considering the health effects associated with PM2.5 exposures because people spend the majority of their time indoors and PM2.5 exposures per unit mass emitted indoors are two to three orders of magnitude larger than exposures to outdoor emissions. Variability in indoor PM2.5 intake fraction (iFin,total ), which is defined as the integrated cumulative intake of PM2.5 per unit of emission, is driven by a combination of building-specific, human-specific, and pollutant-specific factors. Due to a limited availability of data characterizing these factors, however, indoor emissions and intake of PM2.5 are not commonly considered when evaluating the environmental performance of product life cycles. With the aim of addressing this barrier, a literature review was conducted and data characterizing factors influencing iFin,total were compiled. In addition to providing data for the calculation of iFin,total in various indoor environments and for a range of geographic regions, this paper discusses remaining limitations to the incorporation of PM2.5 -derived health impacts into life cycle assessments and makes recommendations regarding future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hodas
- Division of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H-M Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - T E McKone
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - O Jolliet
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C J Weschler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Jantunen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Lioy
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - P Fantke
- Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Loh A, Loh M, Loh C, Athanassopoulos T, Davies M. The recurrence of severe perianal crohns disease in a vram flap reconstruction post disease excision – The clinical implications of extraneous crohns disease in flap reconstruction and options to consider. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Khan E, Loh M. Association between post-operative mean arterial pressure and perioperative troponin rise in elderly patients undergoing surgical repair for neck of femur fractures. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Beamer PI, Sugeng AJ, Kelly MD, Lothrop N, Klimecki W, Wilkinson ST, Loh M. Use of dust fall filters as passive samplers for metal concentrations in air for communities near contaminated mine tailings. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:1275-81. [PMID: 24469149 PMCID: PMC4038653 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mine tailings are a source of metal exposures in many rural communities. Multiple air samples are necessary to assess the extent of exposures and factors contributing to these exposures. However, air sampling equipment is costly and requires trained personnel to obtain measurements, limiting the number of samples that can be collected. Simple, low-cost methods are needed to allow for increased sample collection. The objective of our study was to assess if dust fall filters can serve as passive air samplers and be used to characterize potential exposures in a community near contaminated mine tailings. We placed filters in cylinders, concurrently with active indoor air samplers, in 10 occupied homes. We calculated an estimated flow rate by dividing the mass on each dust fall filter by the bulk air concentration and the sampling duration. The mean estimated flow rate for dust fall filters was significantly different during sampling periods with precipitation. The estimated flow rate was used to estimate metal concentration in the air of these homes, as well as in 31 additional homes in another rural community impacted by contaminated mine tailings. The estimated air concentrations had a significant linear association with the measured air concentrations for beryllium, manganese and arsenic (p < 0.05), whose primary source in indoor air is resuspended soil from outdoors. In the second rural community, our estimated metal concentrations in air were comparable to active air sampling measurements taken previously. This passive air sampler is a simple low-cost method to assess potential exposures near contaminated mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Beamer
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave., PO Box 245210, Tucson, USA.
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18
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Liem N, Lim P, Loh M, Vaithilingham A, Soong RC, Yong W. Use of methylation profiling to identify predictive markers in gastric cancer for respond to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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20
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Gorman M, Ko R, Ji L, Sposto R, Eckroth E, Gaynon PS, Loh M. Retrospective analysis of children treated for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (rAML): A report from the Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia (TACL) Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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22
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Castleberry R, Loh M, Jayaprakash N, Peterson A, Casey V, Chang M, Widemann B, Emanuel P. An update of the phase II window study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI), R115777, followed by a phase III trial of 13-cis retinoic, cytosine arabinoside, fludarabine and stem cell transplantation (SCT) in children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). A children's oncology group study. Leuk Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(06)80019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultrasound scans provide the basis for detection of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) but often fail to distinguish IUGR from small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses. This study introduces the concept of Z-velocity, calculated as changes in Z-scores over time, as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of IUGR. METHODS A computer program simulated 50 000 fetal abdominal circumference (FAC) scans based on published growth formulae. False-positive rates were calculated to determine optimal scan time and scan intervals. Using an independent simulation of 32 500 FAC scans, the two methods were compared using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS ROC showed areas under the curve of > 0.74 over the complete range of scan intervals. The positive predictive value of growth arrest as the only diagnostic criterion was, however, too low to recommend it as an exclusive or the first diagnostic criterion. CONCLUSIONS Z-velocity can be used to decide whether further investigations for growth abnormality are required in fetuses that fall below the 10(th) percentile. The gain of combined diagnostic approaches should be calculated from large databases that include the neonatal ponderal index as the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mondry
- Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore.
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24
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Ma X, Buffler PA, Wiemels JL, Selvin S, Loh M, Metayer C, Does MB, Wiencke JK. 408: Ethnic Difference in Daycare Attendance, Early Infections, and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034
| | | | | | - S Selvin
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034
| | - M Loh
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034
| | - C Metayer
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034
| | - M B Does
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8034
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25
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Bekassy A, Gronbak K, Niemeyer C, Shannon K, Loh M, Barington T, Heldrup J. P-92 JMML and primary immunodeficiency?A coincidence or? Leuk Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(05)80156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Loh M, Osborn DA, Lui K. Outcome of very premature infants with necrotising enterocolitis cared for in centres with or without on site surgical facilities. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001; 85:F114-8. [PMID: 11517205 PMCID: PMC1721305 DOI: 10.1136/fn.85.2.f114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the presence of a neonatal surgical facility on site has any effect on mortality and morbidity of very premature infants with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective review of infants of less than 29 weeks gestation cared for in the seven perinatal centres in New South Wales. PATIENTS Between 1992 and 1997, 605 infants were cared for in two centres with in house surgical facilities (group 1) and 1195 in five centres where transfers were required for surgical management (group 2). RESULTS Although use of antenatal steroids was significantly lower in group 1 centres than group 2 centres (74% v. 85% respectively), and the incidence of hyaline membrane disease, pneumothorax, and NEC was higher, mortality was identical (27%). Fifty two (9%) infants in group 1 and 72 (6%) in group 2 of comparable perinatal characteristics and CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) scores developed radiologically or pathologically proven NEC. The overall mortality of infants with NEC in group 1 was lower but this was not statistically significant (27% v. 35%). Significantly more infants with NEC in group 1 had surgery (69% v. 39%). There were fewer postoperative deaths in group 1 and more deaths without surgery in group 2. The duration of respiratory and nutritional support and hospital stay for the survivors were similar in the two groups. In a multivariate analysis, shorter gestation was the only factor associated with mortality in infants with NEC; the presence of in house surgical facilities was not. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in outcome of premature infants with NEC managed in perinatal centres with or without on site surgical facilities. Early transfers should be encouraged. This finding may have implications for future planning of facilities for neonatal care.
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MESH Headings
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/mortality
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/surgery
- Female
- General Surgery/organization & administration
- Humans
- Infant Mortality
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/mortality
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/surgery
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
- Intensive Care, Neonatal/organization & administration
- Male
- Morbidity
- Multivariate Analysis
- New South Wales/epidemiology
- Patient Transfer
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loh
- Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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27
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Song WJ, Sullivan MG, Legare RD, Hutchings S, Tan X, Kufrin D, Ratajczak J, Resende IC, Haworth C, Hock R, Loh M, Felix C, Roy DC, Busque L, Kurnit D, Willman C, Gewirtz AM, Speck NA, Bushweller JH, Li FP, Gardiner K, Poncz M, Maris JM, Gilliland DG. Haploinsufficiency of CBFA2 causes familial thrombocytopenia with propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukaemia. Nat Genet 1999; 23:166-75. [PMID: 10508512 DOI: 10.1038/13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 817] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myelogenous leukaemia (FPD/AML, MIM 601399) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by qualitative and quantitative platelet defects, and propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Informative recombination events in 6 FPD/AML pedigrees with evidence of linkage to markers on chromosome 21q identified an 880-kb interval containing the disease gene. Mutational analysis of regional candidate genes showed nonsense mutations or intragenic deletion of one allele of the haematopoietic transcription factor CBFA2 (formerly AML1) that co-segregated with the disease in four FPD/AML pedigrees. We identified heterozygous CBFA2 missense mutations that co-segregated with the disease in the remaining two FPD/AML pedigrees at phylogenetically conserved amino acids R166 and R201, respectively. Analysis of bone marrow or peripheral blood cells from affected FPD/AML individuals showed a decrement in megakaryocyte colony formation, demonstrating that CBFA2 dosage affects megakaryopoiesis. Our findings support a model for FPD/AML in which haploinsufficiency of CBFA2 causes an autosomal dominant congenital platelet defect and predisposes to the acquisition of additional mutations that cause leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Song
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Congenital or infantile fibrosarcoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a large extremity mass presenting at birth. These tumors are notoriously misdiagnosed at birth as either hemangiomas or lymphatic malformations. Definitive diagnosis is made by physical examination, special radiologic studies, and biopsy. Although histologically similar to fibrosarcomas occurring in adults, the congenital lesions differ in their clinical behavior; metastases are rare, local recurrence is common, and the prognosis is good with wide local excision combined with chemotherapy. Amputation should be reserved for chemoresistant patients in whom the involvement of neurovascular structures by the tumor make a limb-sparing aggressive excision impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Pousti
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, CA, USA
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30
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Straube W, Römer T, Meisel M, Wodrig W, Loh M, Bojahr B. Zur Wertigkeit von EPF, ß-HCG, Progesteron, 17-OH-Progesteron, PP12, PP14 und TNF-α als Marker der intakten und gestörten Frühschwangerschaft. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02266396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Hübel V, Straube W, Loh M, Wodrig W, Weber A, Klima F. Human early pregnancy factor and early pregnancy associated protein before and after therapeutic abortion in comparison with beta-hCG, estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1989; 94:171-6. [PMID: 2480907 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1210894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Serum activities and concentrations, respectively, of early pregnancy factor (EPF), early pregnancy associated protein (EPAP), beta-hCG, estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were estimated in 20 healthy primigravidae within the tenth to twelfth completed gestational week before and after therapeutic abortion. EPF, beta-hCG and estradiol markedly decreased after termination of pregnancy, whereas progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations moderately fell. EPAP showed no significant alterations in a 24 hours period. Because of its possible role as immunosuppressive substance and its short half-life EPF may be a promising immunobiomarker for disturbances in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hübel
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, GDR
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32
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Straube W, Loh M, Hübel V, Ressel M. The early pregnancy factor as marker of the normal and disturbed pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(89)90169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Straube W, Hübel V, Loh M, Leipe S. Human early pregnancy factor: serum concentrations before and after therapeutic abortion in comparison with beta-hCG and an early pregnancy associated protein. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1989; 246:115-9. [PMID: 2479341 DOI: 10.1007/bf00934128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of the early pregnancy factor (EPF), beta-hCG and the early pregnancy associated protein (EPAP) were measured in 12 patients before and after therapeutic abortion for social-medical reasons. Detection of EPF was performed by the rosette-inhibition assay, beta-hCG quantification by radioimmunoassay and EPAP measurements by rocket immunoelectrophoresis using a monospecific polyclonal rabbit antiserum. The disappearance rate of EPF after termination of pregnancy was closely correlated with the decrease of beta-hCG concentrations (rpbis = 0.71) and loosely correlated with the decrease of EPAP concentrations (rPbis = 0.43). No correlation has been found between hCG and EPAP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Straube
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, GDR
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Straube W, Tiemann U, Loh M, Schütz M. Detection of early pregnancy factor (EPF) in pregnant and nonpregnant subjects with the rosette inhibition test. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1989; 246:181-7. [PMID: 2619332 DOI: 10.1007/bf00934079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We tested for early pregnancy factor (EPF) using a rosette inhibition test with polyclonal anti-lymphocyte serum from the horse and two monoclonal antibodies specific for the E-receptor of T-lymphocytes. When lymphocytes were preincubated with early human pregnancy sera, rosette inhibition titres were four or more dilutions higher (P less than 0.01) than when lymphocytes were preincubated with nonpregnant sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Straube
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Griefswald, GDR
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Straube W, Loh M, Leipe S. [Significance of the detection of early pregnancy factor for monitoring normal and disordered early pregnancy]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1988; 48:854-8. [PMID: 2466731 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1026640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In twenty patients with the tentative diagnosis of disturbed early pregnancy, the early pregnancy factor (EPF) was estimated by means of the rosette inhibition test and the early pregnancy associated protein (EPAP) by rocket-immunoelectrophoresis. The results were compared with hCG concentrations in the urine, beta-hCG concentrations in the serum as well as with clinical and sonographical findings. In intact pregnancies, positive EPF values are an additional sign of embryonic viability. Negative EPF values can be an early indicator for pregnancy losses. The diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy can be confirmed by negative EPF values in spite of elevated hCG levels and uncertain sonographic findings. In cases of missed abortion the EPF estimation was always negative in contrast to other parameters of pregnancy. EPF detection may be helpful to differentiate menstruation disorders and early pregnancy losses. Because of its longer half-life, the EPAP is not such a sensitive parameter for early pregnancy disturbances as the EPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Straube
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Bereiches Medizin der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
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Loh M. East Asia review, 1976-7: Singapore. Stud Fam Plann 1978; 9:246-7. [PMID: 734710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wan Fook Kee, Loh M, Chen Ai JU. Singapore Family Planning & Population Board family planning telephone information service (a review of twenty-two months experience). Nurs J Singapore 1976; 16:88-91. [PMID: 1051483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Kirchhoff H, Basu A, Loh M. [Mycoplasma in dogs. II. Biochemical studies]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1973; 20:474-80. [PMID: 4759346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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