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Bees just wanna have fungi: a review of bee associations with nonpathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad077. [PMID: 37422442 PMCID: PMC10370288 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee-fungus associations are common, and while most studies focus on entomopathogens, emerging evidence suggests that bees associate with a variety of symbiotic fungi that can influence bee behavior and health. Here, we review nonpathogenic fungal taxa associated with different bee species and bee-related habitats. We synthesize results of studies examining fungal effects on bee behavior, development, survival, and fitness. We find that fungal communities differ across habitats, with some groups restricted mostly to flowers (Metschnikowia), while others are present almost exclusively in stored provisions (Zygosaccharomyces). Starmerella yeasts are found in multiple habitats in association with many bee species. Bee species differ widely in the abundance and identity of fungi hosted. Functional studies suggest that yeasts affect bee foraging, development, and pathogen interactions, though few bee and fungal taxa have been examined in this context. Rarely, fungi are obligately beneficial symbionts of bees, whereas most are facultative bee associates with unknown or ecologically contextual effects. Fungicides can reduce fungal abundance and alter fungal communities associated with bees, potentially disrupting bee-fungi associations. We recommend that future study focus on fungi associated with non-honeybee species and examine multiple bee life stages to document fungal composition, abundance, and mechanistic effects on bees.
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Pain relief in interventional radiology. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:239. [PMID: 36868972 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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EP04.01-013 Frailty Index Predicts Treatment Outcomes in Older Adults with Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Efficacy of Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin on the Reduction of Donor Specific Antibodies in Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Relationship of Noninvasive Detection of Allograft Rejection and Injury (Donor-Derived Cell Free DNA and Gene Expression Profiling) and Tissue-Based Molecular Microscopic Diagnosis After Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fast reconstruction of centre of mass and foot kinematics during a single-legged horizontal jump: A point-cloud processing approach. J Biomech 2022; 135:111015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Heart Transplant Recipients with pAMR1 (H+) and pAMR2 Rejection Have the Same Amount of Myocardial Injury by Molecular Microscope. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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A Mismatch Made in Medicine: Potential Implications of HLA DQ Epitope Mismatching Following Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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The effect of training order on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response to small-sided games and resistance training sessions over a 24-h period. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:866-871. [PMID: 32061525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the acute effect of small-sided-game (SSG) and resistance training sequence on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response over a 24-h (h) period. DESIGN Repeated measures. METHODS Fourteen semi-professional soccer players performed SSG-training (4vs4+goalkeepers; 6×7-min, 2-min inter-set recovery) followed by resistance training 2h later (back-squat, Romanian deadlift, barbell-hip-thrust; 4×4 repetitions, 4-min inter-set recovery; 85% 1 rep-max) (SSG+RES), and on a separate week reversed the session order (RES+SSG). Physical demands of SSG's were monitored using global positioning systems (GPS) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Countermovement-jump (CMJ; peak power output; jump height) and brief assessment of mood were collected before (pre), during (0h) and after (+24h) both protocols. Salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations were obtained at the same time-points but with the inclusion of a measure immediately prior to the second training session (+2h). RESULTS GPS outputs and RPE were similar between SSG-training during both protocols. Between-protocol comparisons revealed no significant differences at +24h in CMJ performance, mood, and endocrine markers. Testosterone was higher at 0h during RES+SSG in comparison to SSG+RES (moderate-effect; +21.4±26.7pgml-1; p=0.010), yet was similar between protocols by +2h. CONCLUSIONS The order of SSG and resistance training does not appear to influence the physical demands of SSG's with sufficient recovery between two sessions performed on the same day. Session order did not influence neuromuscular, endocrine or mood responses at +24h, however a favourable testosterone response from the resistance first session may enhance neuromuscular performance in the second session of the day.
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The neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus double training session day in soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:69-74. [PMID: 31526664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study profiled the 24h neuromuscular, endocrine and mood responses to a single versus a double training day in soccer players. DESIGN Repeated measures. METHODS Twelve semi-professional soccer players performed small-sided-games (SSG's; 4 vs 4+goalkeepers; 6×7-min, 2-min inter-set recovery) with neuromuscular (peak-power output, PPO; jump height, JH), endocrine (salivary testosterone, cortisol), and mood measures collected before (pre) and after (0h, +24h). The following week, the same SSG protocol was performed with an additional lower body strength training session (back-squat, Romanian deadlift, barbell hip thrust; 4×4 repetitions, 4-min inter-set recovery; 85% 1 rep-max) added at 2h after the SSG's. RESULTS Between-trial comparisons revealed possible to likely small impairments in PPO (2.5±2.2Wkg-1; 90% Confidence Limits: ±2.2Wkg-1), JH (-1.3; ±2.0cm) and mood (4.6; ±6.1AU) in response to the double versus single sessions at +24h. Likely to very likely small favourable responses occurred following the single session for testosterone (-15.2; ±6.1pgml-1), cortisol (0.072; ±0.034ugdl-1) and testosterone/cortisol ratio (-96.6; ±36.7AU) at +24h compared to the double session trial. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight that performance of two training sessions within a day resulted in possible to very likely small impairments of neuromuscular performance, mood score and endocrine markers at +24h relative to a single training session day. A strategy of alternating high intensity explosive training days containing multiple sessions with days emphasising submaximal technical/tactical activities may be beneficial for those responsible for the design and delivery of soccer training programs.
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Randomized feasibility trial of high-intensity interval training before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1791-1801. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study assessed the feasibility of a preoperative high-intensity interval training (HIT) programme in patients awaiting elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
Methods
In this feasibility trial, participants were allocated by minimization to preoperative HIT or usual care. Patients in the HIT group were offered three exercise sessions per week for 4 weeks, and weekly maintenance sessions if surgery was delayed. Feasibility and acceptability outcomes were: rates of screening, eligibility, recruitment, retention, outcome completion, adverse events and adherence to exercise. Data on exercise enjoyment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, PACES), cardiorespiratory fitness (anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake), quality of life, postoperative morbidity and mortality, duration of hospital stay and healthcare utilization were also collected.
Results
Twenty-seven patients were allocated to HIT and 26 to usual care (controls). Screening, eligibility, recruitment, retention and outcome completion rates were 100 per cent (556 of 556), 43·2 per cent (240 of 556), 22·1 per cent (53 of 240), 91 per cent (48 of 53) and 79–92 per cent respectively. The overall exercise session attendance rate was 75·8 per cent (276 of 364), and the mean(s.d.) PACES score after the programme was 98(19) (‘enjoyable’); however, the intensity of exercise was generally lower than intended. The mean anaerobic threshold after exercise training (adjusted for baseline score and minimization variables) was 11·7 ml per kg per min in the exercise group and 11·4 ml per kg per min in controls (difference 0·3 (95 per cent c.i. –0·4 to 1·1) ml per kg per min). There were trivial-to-small differences in postoperative clinical and patient-reported outcomes between the exercise and control groups.
Conclusion
Despite the intensity of exercise being generally lower than intended, the findings support the feasibility and acceptability of both preoperative HIT and the trial procedures. A definitive trial is warranted. Registration number: ISRCTN09433624 (https://www.isrctn.com/).
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Hamstring injury prevention in soccer: Before or after training? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:658-666. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RUGBY LEAGUE MATCH SIMULATION – INTERCHANGE PROTOCOL WITH COLLISION ELEMENTS. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096952.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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THE VALIDITY OF SESSION RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION FOR MONITORING TRAINING INTENSITY DURING INDOOR ROWING: A CASE REPORT FROM AN ELITE ATHLETE IN PREPARATION FOR THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096952.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)-guided biopsy is safe and effective in diagnosing peritoneal carcinomatosis and recurrent pelvic malignancy. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:1184-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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University-level Soccer Players Adopt a Unique ‘Pacing Strategy'. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34:846. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prevention of venous thromboembolic disease in medical and surgical hospital patients in a single university teaching hospital. Ir J Med Sci 2011; 180:303-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-010-0588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Barriers to uptake of the intrauterine device among postpartum African-American adolescents. Contraception 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Use of laparoscopic ultrasound in the pre-operative localization of adrenal tumours. MINIM INVASIV THER 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13645709509152763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Desensitization protocol using bortezomib for highly sensitized patients awaiting heart or lung transplants. CLINICAL TRANSPLANTS 2009:393-399. [PMID: 20524304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of bortezomib in combination with other desensitization therapies like plasmapheresis, IVIG, and rituximab has allowed the decrease of antibody levels during treatment in some patients. However, all patients described here have experienced rebound effects to the same or higher levels than the ones before therapy was started. Unfortunately, no donors became available to some of these patients when their antibodies were at lower levels. Three out of the four patients presented had adverse reactions to bortezomib which include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgias and severe neuropathy. In one patient (pre-heart transplant patient #1) we noticed that some clones were selectively more susceptible to the treatment with bortezomib than others. We will continue antibody monitoring in this patient and hopefully the possibility is there, even though the overall PRA is not reduced, that certain clones will be affected and no longer produced antibody allowing these patients a wider selection of acceptable donors.
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Comparison of atlas data to determine the conservation status of bird species in New South Wales, with an emphasis on woodland-dependent species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.7882/az.2007.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Women with peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown origin: efficacy of image-guided biopsy to determine site-specific diagnosis. BJOG 2006; 114:46-50. [PMID: 17233859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of image-guided biopsy (IGB) in routine clinical practice to obtain site-specific diagnoses in women presenting with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case study. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. POPULATION A total of 149 consecutive women with PC who underwent IGB. METHODS Biopsy was performed in women considered unsuitable for primary surgery because of poor performance status or disease unlikely to be optimally debulked, with a prior history of malignancy or where there was clinicoradiological uncertainty about primary tumour site. Standard haematoxylin-eosin histological analysis was supplemented with immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rate of site-specific diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 149 women underwent IGB using computed tomography or ultrasound over a 6-year period. The only complication was one rectus sheath haematoma. In 138 (93%) women, a site-specific cancer diagnosis was made on the IGB (including 111 müllerian tract, 8 gastrointestinal tract, 4 breast and 3 lymphoma); in ten women, a repeat biopsy was necessary, giving an overall failure rate of 7%. In a further six women, malignancy was confirmed but a site-specific diagnosis could not be made, and in four women, biopsy showed benign tissue. A site-specific diagnosis was obtained in 29 of the 32 women (94%) with previous malignancy, of which 18/32 (56%) showed a new primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS IGB is a safe and accurate technique for providing site-specific diagnoses in women with PC in routine clinical practice, including those with a previous relevant malignancy. IGB can replace laparoscopic or open biopsy in defining primary therapeutic options. The data would suggest that the biopsy should be performed with ultrasound where feasible.
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Management of the sensitized cardiac recipient: the use of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin Transplant 2006; 20:476-84. [PMID: 16842525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that the combination of plasmapheresis (PP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) allow sensitized patients to undergo orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), even across a positive crossmatch. In the current study, the effect of that combination, PP+IVIg, on survival of a larger group of such recipients is investigated. The latter group (I) consisted of 35 sensitized patients who received PP+IVIG together with standard immunosuppressive drugs. Rejection was seen in 11 patients, findings strongly suggestive of a vascular (humoral) being identified in five of those cases. Four deaths occurred, two of them in the immediate post-operative period, one after almost six months, and one after almost two yr post-OHT. Follow-up range 4.5 months to 7.8 yr post-OHT (average=1.1 yr). Patient survival was analyzed after generation of a Kaplan-Meier plot. Comparison with a control OHT group (II) given standard immunosuppressive drugs only (N=276) showed enhanced survival of group I (p=0.0414 by log-rank test). We conclude that the combination of PP and IVIG (i) is associated with declines in T- and B-percent-reactive antibody and in crossmatch positivity, and (ii) is very useful in the management of the sensitized cardiac patient undergoing OHT, often allowing a successful outcome to transplantation in the face of a positive crossmatch.
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The effect of match standard and referee experience on the objective and subjective match workload of English Premier League referees. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 9:256-62. [PMID: 16675302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of match standard and referee experience on the objective and subjective workload of referees during English Premier League and Football League soccer matches. We also examined the relationship between heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for assessing match intensity in soccer referees. Heart rate responses were recorded using short-range telemetry and RPE scores were collected using a 10-point scale. Analysis revealed a significant relationship between mean match HR and match RPE scores (r=0.485, p<0.05, n=18). There were significant differences in match HR (Premier League 83.6+/-2.6% maximal HR (HRmax) versus Football League 81.5+/-2.2%HRmax, p<0.05) and match RPE scores (Premier League 7.8+/-0.8 versus Football League 6.9+/-0.8, p<0.05) between standards of competition. Referee experience had no effect on match HR and RPE responses to Premier League and Football League matches. The results of the present study demonstrate the validity of using HR and RPE as a measure of global match intensity in soccer referees. Referee experience had no effect on the referees' objective and subjective match workload assessments, whereas match intensity was correlated to competition standard. These findings have implications for fitness preparation and evaluation in soccer referees. When progressing to a higher level of competition, referees should ensure that appropriate levels of fitness are developed in order to enable them to cope with an increase in physical match demands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the atherosclerosis hypothesis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). METHODS The intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries and other cardiovascular risk factors was measured in 20 patients with PAPS (mean (SD) age 35 (12) years) and in 20 controls matched for age and sex (34 (12) years). RESULTS The frequency of smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia was similar in the two groups, but plasma homocysteine was higher in patients with PAPS (mean (SD) 11.9 (6.2) v 8.2 (3.4) micromol/l, p = 0.037). The IMT was slightly greater in patients with PAPS than in controls at the carotid bifurcation (mean (SD) 0.61 (0.24) v 0.48 (0.09) mm, p = 0.04) and internal carotid artery (0.52 (0.22) v 0.40 (0.08), p = 0.01). These differences were more evident in patients aged >40 years than in those aged <30 years at the carotid bifurcation (0.76 (0.25) v 0.55 (0.06), p = 0.0007) and internal carotid artery (0.63 (0.25) v 0.45 (0.09), p = 0.02); no differences were seen in the younger age group compared with controls. CONCLUSION Atherosclerosis is a possibility in patients with PAPS in their fourth decade of life or older.
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Atherosclerosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:610-1; author reply 610-11. [PMID: 15082506 PMCID: PMC1754995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Evolving trends in risk profiles and causes of death after heart transplantation: a ten-year multi-institutional study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125:881-90. [PMID: 12698152 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2003.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As therapeutic options evolve for advanced heart failure, the appropriate role for cardiac transplantation will require survival analyses that reflect changing trends in causes of death and patient and institutional risk profiles. Results from multi-institutional studies could be used to monitor progress in individual centers. METHODS Between 1990 and 1999, 7290 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation in 42 institutions entered a formal outcomes study. Changing survival, causes of death, and patient risk profiles were analyzed. Multivariable risk-factor equations were applied to a single institution (300 primary heart transplants) to examine differences in risk-adjusted expected versus observed actuarial outcomes over time. RESULTS Overall survival in the 42 institutions improved during the decade (P =.02). One- and 3-year cardiac transplant research database survival was as follows: era 1 (1990-1992), 84% and 76%, respectively; era 2 (1993-1995), 85% and 79%, respectively; and era 3 (1996-1999), 85% and 79%, respectively. Causes of death changed over time. Pretransplantation risk profiles increased over time (P =.0001), with increases in reoperations, devices, diabetes, severely ill recipients, pulmonary vascular resistance, sensitization, ischemic times, donor age, and donor inotropic support. Three-year actuarial survival in a single institution was 3% less than risk-adjusted predicted survival in era 1, 1% higher than predicted in era 2, and 7% higher than predicted in era 3. CONCLUSIONS Survival after cardiac transplantation is gradually improving, despite increasing risk profiles. Further improvement requires periodic re-evaluation of risk profiles and causes of death to target areas of surveillance, therapy, and research. By using these methods, progress at individual institutions can be assessed in a time-related, risk-adjusted manner that also reflects changing institutional experience, expertise, or both.
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Comparison of Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiographic techniques and catheter angiography in evaluation of carotid stenosis. Clin Radiol 2002; 57:232. [PMID: 11952322 DOI: 10.1053/crad.2000.0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Venesection needle coring increases positive results with RT-PCR for detection of circulating cells expressing CEA mRNA. Clin Exp Metastasis 2001; 18:291-4. [PMID: 11448058 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011034302639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether circulating cell positivity using RT-PCR for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) cDNA was affected by venesection via a needle compared with a pre-aspirated venous cannula, and by increased PCR cycles. Systemic blood was sampled by needle and pre-aspirated cannula in 101 healthy individuals with no cancer history. After erythrocyte removal, samples were subjected to RT-PCR using specific primers for CEA, with 29 or 35 RT-PCR cycles. There was a significant difference between the number of subjects whose samples were negative when collected via needle venesection and positive when collected via pre-aspirated cannula, compared with positive by needle venesection and negative by pre-aspirated cannula for both 29 (P = 0.016) and 35 (P = 0.0111) RT-PCR cycles. Venesection technique (P = 0.01) and number of cycles (P = 0.003) were significant predictors of a positive result. Positive results in healthy subjects were reduced to less than 3% when an aspirated cannula was used for venesection and >29 PCR cycles were avoided.
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Abstract
Duplication of the vertebral artery is rare. We report two cases in which it was an incidental finding. In the first, duplication of the right vertebral artery was demonstrated by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and conventional angiography. The second patient had duplication of the right vertebral artery demonstrated by MRA. We discuss the origin of this abnormality, its radiological implications and its potential clinical significance are discussed.
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Abstract
Understanding employees' beliefs, attitudes, and values about the world and the workplace can assist a manager in more effectively communicating with and coaching employees. One of the factors that influence an employee's perception of work is the generation in which they were born. The workforce today is composed of three distinct generational cohorts. The term generational cohort refers to people born in the same general time span who share key life experiences, which include demographic trends, historical events, public heroes, entertainment pastimes, and early work experiences. These common life experiences create cohesiveness in perspectives and attitudes and define the unspoken assumptions of the generation. As a result, employees of different age groups do not share the same work ethic or expectations. Certainly, each human being is an individual. However, understanding generational experiences and perspectives and learning to coach individuals from different age groups are becoming essential management skills.
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La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 as the anode and cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Catal Today 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(99)00239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Up-training loading responses in older adults. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 1999; 24:179-95. [PMID: 10652637 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023436630294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This randomized, experimental-control group, multiple-observation study examined the ability of older adults to use center of pressure feedback to up-train the vertical loading response (LR) and the impact that such training had on changes in clinical tests of balance. Eleven community ambulators, aged at least 65 years, with no recent history of falls were recruited by convenience sampling. Each group received 6 baseline sessions and 6 control/training sessions, followed by 1 posttest session. All sessions included visual cueing about stance equilibrium followed by 30 randomly timed dynamic, toes-up perturbations (8 degrees, 66 degrees per second). Training consisted of verbal instructions with visual and auditory feedback of a 225 msec response window to shape an increase in total LR following perturbations. Subjects in the experimental group demonstrated a tendency to decrease vertical loading relative to baseline regardless of visual and verbal feedback encouraging strategies to increase it. Specifically, the T3 or 150-225 msec component of the response window showed a decline from session 7 to session 12. Up-training, however, appears to cause a faster rate of rise to the maintenance window, but this event probably occurs too late to correct for a loss of balance. No correlation was found between change in load values and change in performance on clinical balance tests.
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Conserved residues amino-terminal of cytoplasmic tyrosines contribute to the SHP-1-mediated inhibitory function of killer cell Ig-like receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:897-902. [PMID: 9916713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The sequence I/VxYxxL, often referred to as an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), binds to the C-terminal Src homology 2 domain of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Conserved residues N-terminal of the tyrosine are not ordinarily found in other Src homology 2 domain binding motifs. The inhibitory forms of killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) contain two ITIMs. The role of each ITIM, and of the conserved residues upstream of the tyrosine, in the inhibition of NK cells was tested by vaccinia virus-mediated expression of mutant KIRs. Substitution of the tyrosine in the membrane-proximal ITIM abrogated the ability of KIR to block Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas mutation of the membrane-distal ITIM tyrosine had little effect. Substitution of the conserved hydrophobic amino acid that was located two residues N-terminal to the tyrosine weakened, but did not eliminate, the function of the receptor. In contrast, these substitutions drastically reduced the amount of SHP-1 immunoprecipitated with KIR, suggesting that weak interactions with SHP-1 may be sufficient for inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Conserved Sequence
- Cytoplasm/enzymology
- Cytoplasm/immunology
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Isoleucine/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/enzymology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, KIR
- SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Tyrosine/genetics
- Valine/genetics
- src Homology Domains/genetics
- src Homology Domains/immunology
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Compression ultrasonography for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. Colour Doppler provides useful information. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1998; 316:1533-4; author reply 1535. [PMID: 9616025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Compression ultrasonography for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7143.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Prenatal diagnosis of an extensive fetal lymphangioma using ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and cytology. Br J Radiol 1997; 70:750-3. [PMID: 9245887 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.70.835.9245887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusual case of fetal lymphangioma diagnosed before delivery is reported in a second trimester pregnant woman. The lymphangioma was suspected at 28 weeks on the basis of the ultrasound appearances and progression of the lesions with advancing gestation. MRI was used to evaluate the extent and the tissue characteristics of the lesions. Cytology of the fluid aspirated from the cystic lesions showed abundant lymphocytes and macrophages, confirming the diagnosis of a lymphangioma. The parents opted for a pregnancy termination because of the rapid growth of the lesions and the poor prognosis. It is suggested that the combination of these tests could enable the early diagnosis of these tumours at a stage when the lesion is relatively limited and accessible to therapy in utero.
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Case report: The "veiled right kidney sign"--an ultrasound finding in retroperitoneal perforation of the duodenum. Br J Radiol 1996; 69:1061-3. [PMID: 8958029 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-69-827-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of traumatic duodenal perforation where the diagnosis was first considered during abdominal ultrasound examination. A subsequent CT scan identified the site of perforation which was confirmed at laparotomy. This condition typically produces few clinical signs or symptoms initially but has a high mortality related to delayed diagnosis. The ultrasound findings that prompted early diagnosis are described.
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Lessons learned from Hurricane Andrew: recommendations for care of the elderly in long-term care facilities. South Med J 1995; 88:603-8. [PMID: 7777873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experience of a 500-bed, long-term care facility in Miami, Fla, which provides housing and nursing care units for patients--ranging from those who are independently ambulatory to those who are acutely ill and feeble--in preparing for, during, and in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Andrew, which struck on August 24, 1992. The problems encountered included a massive influx of evacuated elderly to the facility, facility isolation, loss of electrical power, loss of running water, special dietary needs, and limited professional staffing due to personal property losses or loss of transportation. Overwhelmed county emergency medical services, limited access to hospitals and patient care, and difficulty in procuring supplies exacerbated the already complicated situation resulting from the storm. As a result of these catastrophic conditions, a number of challenges specific to the care of the elderly were identified. In conjunction with the Florida Department of Elder Affairs, we drafted a comprehensive blueprint that could serve as a disaster plan for other long-term care facilities facing a similar threat during the hurricane season.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate a novel means of assessing ocular motility disorders using MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A GE image of the orbit was acquired in a set plane each time the patient fixed on a series of points spread across the field of view. The images were transferred in sequence to a video recorder to create a cineloop of ocular movement. The technique was used in 33 patients with a range of ocular motility disorders including thyroid eye disease, posttraumatic diplopia, and Duane syndrome. RESULTS In addition to anatomical detail, functional information could be derived from motion of the globe, motion of the optic nerve, and contractility of individual muscles. This is of particular use to the ophthalmic surgeon in disorders of ocular motility following eye surgery. CONCLUSION A method of recording eye movements using MRI is described that offers useful functional information in the evaluation of disorders of ocular motility.
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Effects of pediatric HIV infection and prenatal drug exposure on mental and psychomotor development. J Pediatr Psychol 1994; 19:617-27. [PMID: 7807293 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/19.5.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Examined the effects of HIV infection and prenatal drug exposure on infant neurodevelopmental functioning. Three groups of infants were compared: HIV-infected infants, seroreverters, and a comparison group who were prenatally exposed to drugs, but not HIV. Two thirds of the HIV-infected and seroreverter infants were prenatally drug-exposed. Infants (ages 4-30 months) were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Children who were both HIV-infected and prenatally drug exposed performed significantly lower on both the mental and psychomotor scales of the Bayley. Drug exposure and neurological dysfunction were associated with mental development, whereas neurological dysfunction, drug exposure, and HIV status were associated with psychomotor development.
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Randomised trial of coronary intervention with antibody against platelet IIb/IIIa integrin for reduction of clinical restenosis: results at six months. The EPIC Investigators. Lancet 1994; 343:881-6. [PMID: 7908357 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis after coronary angioplasty occurs in at least 30% of patients in the first six months and, as yet, there is no known treatment to decrease this event. We tested a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment (c7E3) directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin, the receptor mediating the final common pathway of platelet aggregation, to see whether it reduced the frequency of clinical restenosis. Patients who had unstable angina, recent or evolving myocardial infarction, or high-risk angiographic morphology, were randomised to receive c7E3 bolus and a 12 hour infusion of c7E3 (708 patients), c7E3 bolus and placebo infusion (695 patients), or placebo bolus and placebo infusion (696 patients). With maintenance of the double-blind state, patients were followed-up for at least 6 months to determine the need for repeat angioplasty or surgical coronary revascularisation and the occurrence of ischaemic events. By 30 days, 12.8% of placebo bolus/placebo infusion patients had had a major ischaemic event (death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularisation), compared with 8.3% of c7E3 bolus/c7E3 infusion patients, yielding a 4.5% difference (35% reduction, p = 0.008). At 6 months, the absolute difference in patients with major ischaemic event or elective revascularisation was 8.1% between placebo bolus/placebo infusion and c7E3 bolus/c7E3 infusion patients (35.1% vs 27.0%; 23% reduction p = 0.001). The favourable long-term effect was mainly due to less need for bypass surgery or repeat angioplasty in patients with an initial successful procedure, since need for repeat target vessel revascularisation was 26% less for c7E3 bolus/c7E3 infusion than for placebo treatment (16.5% vs 22.3%; p = 0.007). The c7E3 bolus/placebo infusion group had an intermediate outcome which was not significantly better than that of the placebo bolus/placebo infusion group. These results extend the benefit of c7E3 bolus/c7E3 infusion from reducing abrupt closure and acute-phase adverse outcomes to a diminished need for subsequent coronary revascularisation procedures. Because this therapy carries a risk of bleeding complications and has been studied only in high-risk angioplasty patients, further evaluation is needed before it can be applied to other patient groups.
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Abstract
Whether application of a cold modality following soft tissue trauma causes reactive vasodilation causes reactive vasodilation is an important clinical question since one goal of using a cold modality is to limit edema formation. The purpose of this study was to measure change in local blood volume during application of a cold gel pack following inversion sprain of the ankle. Fifteen volunteers participated as subjects (age range: 18-46 years, mean age: 22.2 years). A bilateral tetrapolar impedance plethysmograph was used with venous occlusion to measure the change in local limb volume at the ankle over a 20-minute period during two conditions: at rest and with cold gel pack application. A significant reduction in local blood volume occurred during cold gel pack application compared with rest. A significant vasodilation response was not observed. The lack of vasodilation response lends support to the clinical use of a cold gel pack following soft tissue trauma when applied to the ankle for a period of up to 20 minutes.
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Avascular necrosis of bone following intensified steroid therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and high-grade malignant lymphoma. Br J Haematol 1994; 86:227-30. [PMID: 8011540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb03287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Five out of nine adults (55%) with lymphoblastic disease developed severe avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) when treated with a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) ALL protocol similar to the current joint MRC-ECOG ALL trial (UKALL XII). The principal purpose of these intensified regimens is to improve long-term disease-free survival without necessarily increasing toxicity and secondary morbidity. The presentation of all five was non-specific bone pain occurring after the re-intensification block of chemotherapy containing high doses of dexamethasone. Three types of diagnostic imaging were performed and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proved superior in demonstrating AVN and showed it at an earlier stage than plain radiographs or isotopic scans. We believe that the dose of corticosteroids was the major factor in the development of AVN. The five men in our series all remain in first remission with a median disease-free survival of 3.5 years (range 2-8 years) but with varying degrees of disability due to AVN. Clinicians involved in UKALL XII and similar trials should be aware of this debilitating and potentially crippling complication when using high-dose steroid-containing regimens, perform MRI scan early and modify treatment if necessary.
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Presentation of cytosolic antigen by HLA-DR requires a function encoded in the class II region of the MHC. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.12.6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The processing pathway for the MHC class II-restricted presentation of endogenous cytosolic Ag is distinct from the class I pathway since a cytosolic form of the influenza virus A hemagglutinin, expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus, was presented by HLA-DR in a B cell mutant lacking the TAP1 subunit of the transporter for Ag presentation (TAP). In this report, two additional B cell mutants have been used to define the requirements of this TAP1-independent processing pathway. The first mutant, .61, lacks expression of both TAP1 and TAP2 genes, and of both LMP2 and LMP7 genes encoding proteasome subunits. As expected, class I-restricted presentation of the influenza virus matrix protein was totally deficient in mutant .61. In contrast, class II-restricted presentation of both the natural cytosolic matrix and the engineered cytosolic hemagglutinin proteins was functional in mutant .61. Thus, presentation of cytosolic Ag by class II molecules is independent of both TAP subunits and of the two MHC-encoded proteasome subunits. However, this endogenous processing pathway is dependent on at least one other function encoded in the class II region of the MHC as demonstrated with the second mutant, .174, in which a large deletion eliminates all expressed class II genes. Mutant .174 transfected with HLA-DR1 genes was previously shown to be defective in the presentation of exogenous Ag but normal in the presentation of short exogenous peptides. We show here that .174(DR1) is also defective in the presentation of cytosolic matrix and hemagglutinin proteins. This similar requirement for the class II-restricted presentation of either cytosolic Ag or internalized exogenous Ag suggests that both forms of Ag are ultimately targeted to the same cellular compartment for association with class II molecules.
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Presentation of cytosolic antigen by HLA-DR requires a function encoded in the class II region of the MHC. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1993; 151:6751-6. [PMID: 8258689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The processing pathway for the MHC class II-restricted presentation of endogenous cytosolic Ag is distinct from the class I pathway since a cytosolic form of the influenza virus A hemagglutinin, expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus, was presented by HLA-DR in a B cell mutant lacking the TAP1 subunit of the transporter for Ag presentation (TAP). In this report, two additional B cell mutants have been used to define the requirements of this TAP1-independent processing pathway. The first mutant, .61, lacks expression of both TAP1 and TAP2 genes, and of both LMP2 and LMP7 genes encoding proteasome subunits. As expected, class I-restricted presentation of the influenza virus matrix protein was totally deficient in mutant .61. In contrast, class II-restricted presentation of both the natural cytosolic matrix and the engineered cytosolic hemagglutinin proteins was functional in mutant .61. Thus, presentation of cytosolic Ag by class II molecules is independent of both TAP subunits and of the two MHC-encoded proteasome subunits. However, this endogenous processing pathway is dependent on at least one other function encoded in the class II region of the MHC as demonstrated with the second mutant, .174, in which a large deletion eliminates all expressed class II genes. Mutant .174 transfected with HLA-DR1 genes was previously shown to be defective in the presentation of exogenous Ag but normal in the presentation of short exogenous peptides. We show here that .174(DR1) is also defective in the presentation of cytosolic matrix and hemagglutinin proteins. This similar requirement for the class II-restricted presentation of either cytosolic Ag or internalized exogenous Ag suggests that both forms of Ag are ultimately targeted to the same cellular compartment for association with class II molecules.
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Video loop MRI of ocular motility disorders. Clin Radiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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