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MacKay K, McCaughey EJ, Fullerton N, Purcell M. Spinal cord injury as a result of Staphylococcus aureus pyogenic spinal infection complicating infected atopic eczema: two case reports. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 37580317 PMCID: PMC10425448 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyogenic spinal infections (PSI) are a rare cause of spinal cord injury (SCI). These most often affect the lumbar spine, followed by the thoracic spine and least commonly the cervical spine, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common causative organism. Atopic eczema is a dermatological condition which can lead to a breakdown of the skin's natural barrier function, allowing bacterial colonisation and infection. Haematological seeding of bacteria from a distant source of infection, including the skin and soft tissues, is a recognised aetiology of PSI. CASE PRESENTATION We present two patients who sustained a SCI as a result of PSI secondary to infected atopic eczema. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was identified as the causative organism in both patients. The two patients required prolonged courses of intravenous followed by oral antibiotics. Neurological outcomes varied between the two patients. One patient had incomplete tetraplegia (C3 AIS C), and upon discharge required hoisting from their bed to a power chair, had an indwelling urethral catheter and required bowel care. The other patient had incomplete paraplegia (L3 AIS D), and at discharge was independent with activities of daily living and was mobile with two elbow crutches. DISCUSSION We believe that the two cases presented here represent the only examples of secondarily infected atopic eczema causing PSI and resultant SCI in the published literature. As SCI is a serious and potentially life-altering complication, medical professionals treating patients with atopic eczema should be aware of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K MacKay
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
- University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock Road, Kilmarnock, KA2 0BE, UK
| | - E J McCaughey
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
- Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker St, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - N Fullerton
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neurological Science, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - M Purcell
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
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Walton NA, Hafen B, Graceffo S, Sutherland N, Emmerson M, Palmquist R, Formea CM, Purcell M, Heale B, Brown MA, Danford CJ, Rachamadugu SI, Person TN, Shortt KA, Christensen GB, Evans JM, Raghunath S, Johnson CP, Knight S, Le VT, Anderson JL, Van Meter M, Reading T, Haslem DS, Hansen IC, Batcher B, Barker T, Sheffield TJ, Yandava B, Taylor DP, Ranade-Kharkar P, Giauque CC, Eyring KR, Breinholt JW, Miller MR, Carter PR, Gillman JL, Gunn AW, Knowlton KU, Bonkowsky JL, Stefansson K, Nadauld LD, McLeod HL. The Development of an Infrastructure to Facilitate the Use of Whole Genome Sequencing for Population Health. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111867. [PMID: 36579594 PMCID: PMC9693138 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of genomic analysis has expanded rapidly resulting in an increased availability and utility of genomic information in clinical care. We have developed an infrastructure utilizing informatics tools and clinical processes to facilitate the use of whole genome sequencing data for population health management across the healthcare system. Our resulting framework scaled well to multiple clinical domains in both pediatric and adult care, although there were domain specific challenges that arose. Our infrastructure was complementary to existing clinical processes and well-received by care providers and patients. Informatics solutions were critical to the successful deployment and scaling of this program. Implementation of genomics at the scale of population health utilizes complicated technologies and processes that for many health systems are not supported by current information systems or in existing clinical workflows. To scale such a system requires a substantial clinical framework backed by informatics tools to facilitate the flow and management of data. Our work represents an early model that has been successful in scaling to 29 different genes with associated genetic conditions in four clinical domains. Work is ongoing to optimize informatics tools; and to identify best practices for translation to smaller healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nephi A. Walton
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brent Hafen
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Sara Graceffo
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Nykole Sutherland
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Melanie Emmerson
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Rachel Palmquist
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Primary Children’s Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Christine M. Formea
- Department of Pharmacy, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Maricel Purcell
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Bret Heale
- Humanized Health Consulting, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
| | | | | | - Sumathi I. Rachamadugu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thomas N. Person
- John Hopkins Genomics—DNA Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - G. Bryce Christensen
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Jared M. Evans
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Sharanya Raghunath
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Christopher P. Johnson
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Stacey Knight
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Viet T. Le
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Margaret Van Meter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Teresa Reading
- Department of Surgery, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Derrick S. Haslem
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Ivy C. Hansen
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Betsey Batcher
- Department of Endocrinology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Tyler Barker
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Travis J. Sheffield
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Bhaskara Yandava
- Digital Technology Services, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84130, USA
| | - David P. Taylor
- Digital Technology Services, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84130, USA
| | | | - Christopher C. Giauque
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Eyring
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Jesse W. Breinholt
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Mickey R. Miller
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Payton R. Carter
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Jason L. Gillman
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Andrew W. Gunn
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Primary Children’s Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Kirk U. Knowlton
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Joshua L. Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Primary Children’s Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | | | - Lincoln D. Nadauld
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Howard L. McLeod
- Intermountain Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
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Al-Taleb MKH, Purcell M, Fraser M, Petric-Gray N, Vuckovic A. Home used, patient self-managed, brain-computer interface for the management of central neuropathic pain post spinal cord injury: usability study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:128. [PMID: 31666096 PMCID: PMC6822418 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Neuropathic Pain (CNP) is a frequent chronic condition in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Previously, we showed that using laboratory brain-computer interface (BCI) technology for neurofeedback (NFB) training, it was possible to reduce CNP in people with SCI. In this study, we show results of patient self-managed treatment in their homes with a BCI-NFB using a consumer EEG device. METHODS Users: People with chronic SCI (17 M, 3 F, 50.6 ± 14.1 years old), and CNP ≥4 on a Visual Numerical Scale. LOCATION Laboratory training (up to 4 sessions) followed by home self-managed NFB. User Activity: Upregulating the EEG alpha band power by 10% above a threshold and at the same time downregulating the theta and upper beta (20-30 Hz) band power by 10% at electrode location C4. Technology: A consumer grade multichannel EEG headset (Epoch, Emotiv, USA), a tablet computer and custom made NFB software. EVALUATION EEG analysis, before and after NFB assessment, interviews and questionnaires. RESULTS Effectiveness: Out of 20 initially assessed participants, 15 took part in the study. Participants used the system for 6.9 ± 5.5 (median 4) weeks. Twelve participants regulated their brainwaves in a frequency specific manner and were most successful upregulating the alpha band power. However they typically upregulated power around their individual alpha peak (7.6 ± 0.8 Hz) that was lower than in people without CNP. The reduction in pain experienced was statistically significant in 12 and clinically significant (greater than 30%) in 8 participants. Efficiency: The donning was between 5 and 15 min, and approximately 10-20% of EEG data recorded in the home environment was noise. Participants were mildly stressed when self-administering NFB at home (2.4 on a scale 1-10). User satisfaction: Nine participants who completed the final assessment reported a high level of satisfaction (QUESQ, 4.5 ± 0.8), naming effectiveness, ease of use and comfort as main priorities. The main factors influencing frequency of NFB training were: health related issues, free time and pain intensity. CONCLUSION Portable NFB is a feasible solution for home-based self-managed treatment of CNP. Compared to pharmacological treatments, NFB has less side effects and provides users with active control over pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION GN15NE124 , Registered 9th June 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K H Al-Taleb
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq
| | - M Purcell
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Fraser
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - N Petric-Gray
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Vuckovic
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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Ratnasabapathy U, Purcell M, Bhattacharya JJ. Endovascular rescue of vertebro-basilar thrombosis in cervical spine injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:101. [PMID: 30455985 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vertebro-basilar thrombosis is often lethal. We report a post-traumatic case in which logistical issues were overcome to secure prompt endovascular intervention resulting in a favourable outcome. Case presentation We report this case to highlight (i) the need, across the United Kingdom, for rapid access to 24/7 neurointerventional services and (ii) the fact that vertebral artery injury during C-spine trauma, while not uncommon, can rarely have catastrophic complications. Discussion Vertebral artery injuries during C-spine trauma can rarely present as a neurovascular emergency requiring neurointerventional rescue. It is our opinion that patients with neurovascular emergencies merit 24/7 neurointerventional services, akin to those provided for acute coronary syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ratnasabapathy
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - M Purcell
- National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - J J Bhattacharya
- 3King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center and Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Neuroradiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
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Morar PS, Faiz O, Hodgkinson JD, Zafar N, Koysombat K, Purcell M, Hart A, Warusavitarne J. Concomitant colonic disease (Montreal L3) and re-resectional surgery are predictors of clinical recurrence following ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:O247-55. [PMID: 26291699 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ileocolonic resection is reserved for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Postoperative clinical recurrence can occur in up to 55% of patients within 5 years. Predicting the risk of recurrence is key in deciding upon appropriate treatment strategies. This study aims to determine the incidence of postoperative clinical recurrence and predictors of recurrence in a specialist institution. METHOD The clinical case records of 142 patients who underwent either a one-stage or two-stage procedure for ileocolonic Crohn's disease from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010 were reviewed. Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables were extracted. Postoperative clinical recurrence was defined as an initiation or change in medical treatment for recurrent symptoms with endoscopic or radiological evidence of active disease. Time to clinical recurrence was measured in months after surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Over the 6-year period, follow-up data were obtained on 142 patients over a median of 28.5 months. Clinical recurrence was demonstrated in 59 (41.5%) patients. The proportion of patients with clinical recurrence at 5 years was 48.2%. Predictors of recurrence included a re-resection for recurrent disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.3; P = 0.02] and ileocolonic disease (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.9; P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Identifying the predictors for postoperative clinical recurrence is important for determining the postoperative strategy. This study provides a unique perspective on the incidence of recurrence and associated predictors from the perspective of a specialist unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Morar
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O Faiz
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J D Hodgkinson
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Zafar
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Koysombat
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Purcell
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Hart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Warusavitarne
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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6
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McCaughey EJ, Purcell M, McLean AN, Fraser MH, Bewick A, Borotkanics RJ, Allan DB. Changing demographics of spinal cord injury over a 20-year period: a longitudinal population-based study in Scotland. Spinal Cord 2015; 54:270-6. [PMID: 26458974 PMCID: PMC5399148 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To review demographic trends in traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI). Setting: The Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit (QENSIU), sole provider of treatment for TSCI in Scotland; a devolved region of the UK National Health Service. Methods: A retrospective review of the QENSIU database was performed between 1994 and 2013. This database includes demographic and clinical data from all new TSCI patients in Scotland, as well as patients with severe NTSCI. Results: Over this 20-year period there were 1638 new cases of TSCI in Scotland; 75.2% occurring in males. TSCI incidence increased non-significantly (13.3 per million population to 17.0), while there were significant increases in mean age at time of TSCI (44.1–52.6 years), the proportion of TSCIs caused by falls (41–60%), the proportion of TSCIs resulting in an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale score of C and D on admission (19.7–28.6% and 34.5–39.5%, respectively) and the proportion of cervical TSCIs (58.4–66.3%). The increase in cervical TSCI was specifically due to an increase in C1–C4 lesions (21.7–31.2%). NTSCI patients (n=292) were 5 years older at injury, more likely to be female (68.1% male) and had a range of diagnoses. Conclusion: This study supports the suggestion that demographic profiles in SCI are subject to change. In this population, of particular concern is the increasing number of older patients and those with high level tetraplegia, due to their increased care needs. Prevention programmes, treatment pathways and service provision need to be adjusted for optimum impact, improved outcome and long-term care for their target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J McCaughey
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute for Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Purcell
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury, Glasgow, UK
| | - A N McLean
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury, Glasgow, UK
| | - M H Fraser
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Bewick
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - R J Borotkanics
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute for Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - D B Allan
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Scottish Centre for Innovation in Spinal Cord Injury, Glasgow, UK
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Pratt PD, Rayamajhi MB, Tipping PW, Center TD, Wright SA, Purcell M. Establishment, population increase, spread, and ecological host range of Lophodiplosis trifida (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtales: Myrtaceae). Environ Entomol 2013; 42:925-935. [PMID: 24331604 DOI: 10.1603/en13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cavanilles) Blake is an invasive weed in wetland systems of Florida. A biological control program targeting M. quinquenervia has resulted in the release of the gall forming midge Lophodiplosis trifida Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Populations of the introduced herbivore readily established at all 24 release sites across the weed's range in Florida, and there was no evidence that founding colony size (100, 2,000, or 6,000 adults) influenced herbivore establishment or local population growth rates. Landscape level spread of L. trifida from release sites averaged nearly 6 km/yr, ranging as high as 14.4 km/yr. Prerelease host range testing predicted that L. trifida oviposits indiscriminately on test plant species but does not complete development on any of the test species, including congeners present in Florida. To test the predictability of these host range tests, L. trifida was released in a common garden consisting of 18 test plant species that were interplanted with M. quinquenervia. Plant species postulated to be at risk experienced no gall development by L. trifida while intermingled M. quinquenervia trees supported 704.8 (± 158.5) galls per plant. Historically, many introduced Cecidomyiidae have limited effect on plant performance of target weeds because of recruitment of native parasitoids that disrupt biological control efficacy. In contrast to this trend, there has been no evidence to date that parasitoids are exploiting L. trifida in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Pratt
- Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 3225 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Natarajan VD, Bunker N, Purcell M, Cadman J, Kumar G. 023 ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: CODING CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL FINANCIAL LOSS TO SECONDARY CARE, A RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Purcell M, Phelan E, Doyle M. Non-β-haemolytic variants of Streptococcus pyogenes: a challenge for the microbiology laborator. Br J Biomed Sci 2013; 70:175-177. [PMID: 29447104 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2013.11978285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- a Department of Microbiology , Waterford Regional Hospital , Dunmore Road , Waterford , Ireland
| | - E Phelan
- a Department of Microbiology , Waterford Regional Hospital , Dunmore Road , Waterford , Ireland
| | - M Doyle
- a Department of Microbiology , Waterford Regional Hospital , Dunmore Road , Waterford , Ireland
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10
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Purcell M, Phelan E, Doyle M. Non-beta-haemolytic variants of Streptococcus pyogenes: a challenge for the microbiology laboratory. Br J Biomed Sci 2013; 70:178-180. [PMID: 24400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Department of Microbiology, Waterford Regional Hospital, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - E Phelan
- Department of Microbiology, Waterford Regional Hospital, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - M Doyle
- Department of Microbiology, Waterford Regional Hospital, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
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11
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Tayton E, Purcell M, Aarvold A, Smith JO, Kalra S, Briscoe A, Shakesheff K, Howdle SM, Dunlop DG, Oreffo ROC. Supercritical CO2 fluid-foaming of polymers to increase porosity: a method to improve the mechanical and biocompatibility characteristics for use as a potential alternative to allografts in impaction bone grafting? Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1918-27. [PMID: 22307029 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Disease transmission, availability and cost of allografts have resulted in significant efforts to find an alternative for use in impaction bone grafting (IBG). Recent studies identified two polymers with both structural strength and biocompatibility characteristics as potential replacements. The aim of this study was to assess whether increasing the polymer porosity further enhanced the mechanical and cellular compatibility characteristics for use as an osteogenic biomaterial alternative to allografts in IBG. Solid and porous poly(DL-lactide) (P(DL)LA) and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (P(DL)LGA) scaffolds were produced via melt processing and supercritical CO(2) foaming, and the differences characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical testing included milling and impaction, with comparisons made using a shear testing rig as well as a novel agitation test for cohesion. Cellular compatibility tests for cell number, viability, and osteogenic differentiation using WST-1 assays, fluorostaining, and ALP assays were determined following 14 day culture with skeletal stem cells. SEM showed excellent porosity throughout both of the supercritical-foam-produced polymer scaffolds, with pores between 50 and 200 μm. Shear testing showed that the porous polymers exceeded the shear strength of allograft controls (P<0.001). Agitation testing showed greater cohesion between the particles of the porous polymers (P<0.05). Cellular studies showed increased cell number, viability, and osteogenic differentiation on the porous polymers compared to solid block polymers (P<0.05). The use of supercritical CO(2) to generate porous polymeric biodegradable scaffolds significantly improves the cellular compatibility and cohesion observed compared to non-porous counterparts, without substantial loss of mechanical shear strength. These improved characteristics are critical for clinical translation as a potential osteogenic composite for use in IBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tayton
- Human Development and Health, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK.
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12
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Purcell M, Magette WL. Targeted intervention strategies to optimise diversion of BMW in the Dublin, Ireland region. Waste Manag 2011; 31:2180-2189. [PMID: 21680170 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Urgent transformation is required in Ireland to divert biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) from landfill and prevent increases in overall waste generation. When BMW is optimally managed, it becomes a resource with value instead of an unwanted by-product requiring disposal. An analysis of survey responses from commercial and residential sectors for the Dublin region in previous research by the authors proved that attitudes towards and behaviour regarding municipal solid waste is spatially variable. This finding indicates that targeted intervention strategies designed for specific geographic areas should lead to improved diversion rates of BMW from landfill, a requirement of the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC. In the research described in this paper, survey responses and GIS model predictions from previous research were the basis for goal setting, after which logic modelling and behavioural research were employed to develop site-specific waste management intervention strategies. The main strategies devised include (a) roll out of the Brown Bin (Organics) Collection and Community Workshops in Dún Laoghaire Rathdown, (b) initiation of a Community Composting Project in Dublin City (c) implementation of a Waste Promotion and Motivation Scheme in South Dublin (d) development and distribution of a Waste Booklet to promote waste reduction activities in Fingal (e) region wide distribution of a Waste Booklet to the commercial sector and (f) Greening Irish Pubs Initiative. Each of these strategies was devised after interviews with both the residential and commercial sectors to help make optimal waste management the norm for both sectors. Strategy (b), (e) and (f) are detailed in this paper. By integrating a human element into accepted waste management approaches, these strategies will make optimal waste behaviour easier to achieve. Ultimately this will help divert waste from landfill and improve waste management practice as a whole for the region. This method of devising targeted intervention strategies can be adapted for many other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We are investigating the potential of robotics-assisted treadmill technology as a mode of exercise in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). People with incomplete SCI can actively contribute to this form of exercise, but in the clinical setting they often walk passively in the system. It is not known whether in doing so they are meeting the recommended guidelines for increasing cardiopulmonary fitness. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were twofold: to characterise the intensity of passive walking during robotics-assisted treadmill exercise (RATE) in incomplete SCI; and to determine if this intensity meets the recommended guidelines for cardiopulmonary training in this population. METHODS 10 subjects with incomplete SCI twice performed an exercise test on a robotics-assisted treadmill. The test comprised a period of passive walking and a ramp phase to the limit of tolerance. Oxygen uptake VO(2) heart rate (HR) were continuously measured. RESULTS VO(2) during passive exercise was on average 1.4 times higher than resting VO(2R), but this was only 29% of peak VO(2) (VO(2 peak))(range 16-43%). Relative to rest, passive VO(2) (VO(2P) was only 12% of VO(2 peak). HR did not increase from rest to passive walking (81 ± 10 bpm to 81 ± 13 bpm respectively). The HR associated with passive walking was on average 50% of peak HR (HR(peak)) (161 ± 13 bpm). Test-retest reliability was moderate for VO(2R) (R=0.62) and resting HR (HR(R)) (R=0.68), high for VO(2P) (R=0.81), passive HR (HR(P)) (R=0.87) and HR(peak) (R=0.88), and very high (R=0.95) for VO(2 peak). Only HR(p) differed significantly between tests (p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS The intensity of passive walking during RATE is low and is insufficient to increase cardiopulmonary fitness in people with SCI. Subjects must actively contribute to the exercise in order to achieve the recommended training intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Jack
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Langille J, Veugelers P, Kirk S, Carmichael S, Purcell M. Developing a tool to measure implementation of Health Promoting Schools. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Purcell M, Magette WL. Attitudes and behaviour towards waste management in the Dublin, Ireland region. Waste Manag 2010; 30:1997-2006. [PMID: 20211552 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this research was that attitudes about the management of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) are spatially variable, even within a city of modest (1.2 million) population. For a select number of representative electoral districts in the Dublin, Ireland region, residents were surveyed regarding attitudes towards waste management in general, and BMW management in particular. A total of 850 survey responses were collected. Door-to-door interviews produced 688 responses in the residential sector; these were supplemented by 162 responses to a web-based survey. The surveys revealed that the majority of households use local authority, rather than private, waste collection services (both are available). The majority of residents, regardless of the local authority in which they live, were satisfied with their waste management service. "Reducing the quantity of waste generated" was regarded the most important future issue for 28% of residential respondents. Statistical analyses of the survey responses showed that the local authority in which respondents resided significantly influenced most responses (including waste collection service used, waste service satisfaction and backyard composting activity). Many responses (including waste service satisfaction, waste management influences) were also significantly related to the respondents' personal characteristics (e.g., education level, type of accommodation, age, etc.). These statistical results proved the hypothesis of the research and demonstrated that waste management initiatives designed for one area of the city (or, indeed, for uniform application to the city as a whole) could ignore the needs of other areas. The survey responses suggest that targeted intervention strategies would lead to improved diversion rates of BMW from landfill, a requirement of the Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Green Campus Facilitator, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
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16
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Purcell M, Magette WL. Prediction of household and commercial BMW generation according to socio-economic and other factors for the Dublin region. Waste Manag 2009; 29:1237-1250. [PMID: 19091538 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both planning and design of integrated municipal solid waste management systems require accurate prediction of waste generation. This research predicted the quantity and distribution of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) generation within a diverse 'landscape' of residential areas, as well as from a variety of commercial establishments (restaurants, hotels, hospitals, etc.) in the Dublin (Ireland) region. Socio-economic variables, housing types, and the sizes and main activities of commercial establishments were hypothesized as the key determinants contributing to the spatial variability of BMW generation. A geographical information system (GIS) 'model' of BMW generation was created using ArcMap, a component of ArcGIS 9. Statistical data including socio-economic status and household size were mapped on an electoral district basis. Historical research and data from scientific literature were used to assign BMW generation rates to residential and commercial establishments. These predictions were combined to give overall BMW estimates for the region, which can aid waste planning and policy decisions. This technique will also aid the design of future waste management strategies, leading to policy and practice alterations as a function of demographic changes and development. The household prediction technique gave a more accurate overall estimate of household waste generation than did the social class technique. Both techniques produced estimates that differed from the reported local authority data; however, given that local authority reported figures for the region are below the national average, with some of the waste generated from apartment complexes being reported as commercial waste, predictions arising from this research are believed to be closer to actual waste generation than a comparison to reported data would suggest. By changing the input data, this estimation tool can be adapted for use in other locations. Although focusing on waste in the Dublin region, this method of waste prediction can have significant potential benefits if a universal method can be found to apply it effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Centre for Water Resources Research, University College Dublin, Newstead, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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17
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MacLennan PA, Marshall T, Griffin R, Purcell M, McGwin G, Rue LW. Vehicle rollover risk and electronic stability control systems. Inj Prev 2008; 14:154-8. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2007.016576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sachs P, Toll C, Covington S, Richter K, Purcell M, Chang F. Demographic variables in relation to outcome in anonymous oocyte donor recruitment. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Plant extracts have been implicated in various immunoregulatory effects that are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the modulatory activity of PureCell Complex (PCT)-233, an active molecular complex from mesophyll tissue of Spinacia oleacea on the inflammatory process. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were treated with PCT-233 and/or budesonide, a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, before or after being stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-10, respectively, were measured in cell-free supernatants at different times after the treatment. PCT-233 increased unstimulated AM release of both TNF and IL-10, whereas heat- and light-inactivated PCT-233 stimulated only the release of TNF without affecting IL-10 production, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the modulation of TNF and IL-10 release by PCT-233. The presence of LPS did not modify PCT-233-stimulated TNF production, but the ratio TNF/IL-10 production by LPS-stimulated AM was reduced significantly in the presence of PCT-233. Pretreatment of AM with PCT-233 and budesonide before LPS stimulation reduced TNF production at both protein and mRNA levels, whereas IL-10 production was increased. Moreover, TNF/IL-10 ratio was reduced further with the combination PCT-233/budesonide. Interestingly, AM treatment with PCT-233 and budesonide 18 h after LPS stimulation did not modulate TNF release significantly but it did increase IL-10 production, and a synergistic effect was observed with the combination PCT-233/budesonide. These exciting data suggest that PCT-233 possesses some anti-inflammatory properties, even when added during the inflammatory process, and could potentiate the effect of other anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Bissonnette
- Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Giblin-Davis RM, Makinson J, Center BJ, Davies KA, Purcell M, Taylor GS, Scheffer SJ, Goolsby J, Center TD. Fergusobia/Fergusonina-induced Shoot Bud Gall Development on Melaleuca quinquenervia. J Nematol 2001; 33:239-247. [PMID: 19265887 PMCID: PMC2620503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fergusobia nematodes and Fergusonina flies are mutualists that cause a variety of gall types on myrtaceous plant buds and young leaves. The biology of an isolate of the gall complex was studied in its native range in Australia for possible use in southern Florida as a biological control agent against the invasive broad-leaved paperbark tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia. Timed studies with caged Fergusonina flies on young branches of M. quinquenervia revealed that females are synovigenic with lifetime fecundities of 183 +/- 42 (standard error; SE) eggs and longevities of 17 +/- 2 days. None of the male flies but all dissected female flies contained parasitic female nematodes (range = 3-15), nematode eggs (12-112), and nematode juveniles (78-1,750). Female flies deposited eggs (34 +/- 6; 8-77 per bud) and nematode juveniles (114 +/- 15; 44-207 per bud) into bud apices within 15 days. Histological sections of shoot buds suggested that nematodes induce the formation of hypertrophied, uninucleate plant cells prior to fly larval eclosion. Enlarged size, granular cytoplasm, and enlarged nucleus and nucleolus characterized these cells, which appeared similar to those of other species galled by nematodes in the Anguinidae. Observations of ovipositional behavior revealed that female Fergusonina sp. create diagnostic oviposition scars. The presence of these scars may facilitate recognition of host use during specificity screening.
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Purcell M, Neault JF, Malonga H, Arakawa H, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Interaction of human serum albumin with oxovanadium ions studied by FT-IR spectroscopy and gel and capillary electrophoresis. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some oxovanadium compounds have shown potential to inhibit RNase activity, while at the same time not inhibiting DNase activity. Some vanadyl complexes also inhibit protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes, but induce activation of proteintyrosine kinase. To gain an insight into the interaction of oxovanadium ions with proteins, the present study was designed to examine the bindings of VOSO4 and NaVO3 salts with human serum albumin (HSA) in aqueous solution at physiological pH with metal ion concentrations of 0.0001 to 1 mM and HSA (fatty acid free) concentration of 2% w/v. Gel and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic methods were used to determine the metal ion binding mode, association constant, and the secondary structure of the protein in the presence of the oxovanadium compounds. Gel electrophoresis results showed that a maximum of 20 vanadyl cations (VO2+) are bound per HSA molecule with strong (K1 = 7.0 × 107 M1) and weak (K2 = 6.5 × 105 M1) bindings. Similarly, capillary electrophoresis showed two major bindings for vanadyl cation with K1 = 1.2 × 108 M1 and K2 = 8.5 × 105 M1, whereas vanadate (VO3) has only a weak binding affinity (K = 6.0 × 103 M1) with HSA molecule. The VO3 binds mainly to the lysine ε-amino NH+3 groups, while VO2+ binds possibly to the histidine nitrogen atom and the N-terminal of the α-amine residue. Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed metal ion binding results in major protein secondary structural changes from that of the α-helix (55.0 to 4344%) to the β-sheet (22.0 to 2326%), β-antiparallel (12.0 to 1316%), and turn (11.0 to 1718%), at high metal ion concentration. The observed spectral changes indicate a partial unfolding of the protein structure, in the presence of oxovanadium ions.Key words: oxovanadium, protein, binding mode, binding constant, secondary structure, electrophoresis, FT-IR spectroscopy.
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Purcell M, Neault JF, Malonga H, Arakawa H, Carpentier R, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Interactions of atrazine and 2,4-D with human serum albumin studied by gel and capillary electrophoresis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1548:129-38. [PMID: 11451446 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The herbicides 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are widely used in agricultural practice to fight dicotyledon weeds mainly in maize, cereals, and lucerne. As a result, these compounds are found not only in the plants, soil, and water, but also in the cultivated ground in the following years as well as in agricultural products such as fruits, milk, butter, and sugar beet. The toxicological effects of herbicides occur in vivo, when transported to the target organ through the bloodstream. It has been suggested that human serum albumin (HSA) serves as a carrier protein to transport 2,4-D to molecular targets. This study was designed to examine the interaction of atrazine and 2,4-D with HSA in aqueous solution at physiological pH with herbicide concentrations of 0.0001-1 mM, and final protein concentration of 1% w/v. Gel and capillary electrophoresis, UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic methods were used to determine the drug binding mode, the drug binding constant, and the protein secondary structure in aqueous solution. Structural analysis showed that different types of herbicide-HSA complexes are formed with stoichiometric ratios (drug/protein) of 3:1 and 11:1 for atrazine and 4.5:1 and 10:1 for 2,4-D complexes. Atrazine showed a weak binding affinity (K=3.50 x 10(4) M(-1)), whereas two bindings (K(1)=2.50 x 10(4) M(-1) and K(2)=8.0 x 10(3) M(-1)) were observed for 2,4-D complexes. The herbicide binding results in major protein secondary structural changes from that of the alpha-helix 55% to 45--39% and beta-sheet 22% to 24--32%, beta-anti 12% to 10--22% and turn 11% to 12--15%, in the drug-HSA complexes. The observed spectral changes indicate a partial unfolding of the protein structure, in the presence of herbicides in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Department of Chemistry--Biology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada G9A 5H7
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Xu T, Purcell M, Zucchi P, Helentjaris T, Bogorad L. TRM1, a YY1-like suppressor of rbcS-m3 expression in maize mesophyll cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:2295-300. [PMID: 11226233 PMCID: PMC30132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.041610098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes rbcS and rbcL encode, respectively, the small and large subunits of the photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. There is a single rbcL gene in each chloroplast chromosome; a family of rbcS genes is located in the nuclear genome. These two genes are not expressed in mesophyll cells but are in adjacent bundle-sheath cells of leaves of the C4 plant Zea mays. Two regions of the maize gene rbcS-m3 are required for suppressing expression in mesophyll cells. One region is just beyond the translation termination site in the 3' region, and the other is several hundred base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. A binding site for a protein with limited homology to the viral, yeast, and mammalian transcription repressor-activator YY1 (Yin-Yang I), has now been identified in the 3' region. A maize gene for a protein with zinc fingers homologous to those of YY1 has been isolated, characterized, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene is designated trm1 (transcription repressor-maize 1). The protein TRM1 binds to the YY1-like site and, in addition, TRM1 binds to two sequence regions in the 5' region of the gene that have no homology to the YY1 site. Mutagenesis or deletion of any of these three sequences eliminates repression of rbcS-m3 reporter genes in mesophyll cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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24
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Bell T, Purcell M, Walker B, Nisbet N. Evaluation of a model of intervention to create a visually enriched environment. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2001; 36 Suppl:92-97. [PMID: 11340851 DOI: 10.3109/13682820109177865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Within a day resource for people with learning disabilities 'stand-alone' signing training proved ineffectual to sustain lasting change in the formalised gestural behaviours of carers. Consideration was given to setting conditions pre- and post-training and a new model of delivery evolved, designed in partnership with day resource staff. Aims of intervention were to promote the adoption and active use of signing as an aid to communication and move towards a partnership framework which values the role of carers as co-facilitators and lessens dependency on the therapist. This paper describes and evaluates a training model which was found to be successful in translating knowledge into changes in practice and discusses the critical factors which should be built into future interventions.
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Stinear T, Davies JK, Jenkin GA, Portaels F, Ross BC, Oppedisano F, Purcell M, Hayman JA, Johnson PD. A simple PCR method for rapid genotype analysis of Mycobacterium ulcerans. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1482-7. [PMID: 10747130 PMCID: PMC86470 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.4.1482-1487.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/1999] [Accepted: 01/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two high-copy-number insertion sequences, IS2404 and IS2606, were recently identified in Mycobacterium ulcerans and were shown by Southern hybridization to possess restriction fragment length polymorphism between strains from different geographic origins. We have designed a simple genotyping method that captures these differences by PCR amplification of the region between adjacent copies of IS2404 and IS2606. We have called this system 2426 PCR. The method is rapid, reproducible, sensitive, and specific for M. ulcerans, and it has confirmed previous studies suggesting a clonal population structure of M. ulcerans within a geographic region. M. ulcerans isolates from Australia, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Surinam, Mexico, Japan, China, and several countries in Africa were easily differentiated based on an array of 4 to 14 PCR products ranging in size from 200 to 900 bp. Numerical analysis of the banding patterns suggested a close evolutionary link between M. ulcerans isolates from Africa and southeast Asia. The application of 2426 PCR to total DNA, extracted directly from M. ulcerans-infected tissue specimens without culture, demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of this method and confirmed for the first time that both animal and human isolates from areas of endemicity in southeast Australia have the same genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stinear
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Taxol (paclitaxel) is an anticancer drug, which interacts with microtuble proteins, in a manner that catalyzes their formation from tubulin and stabilizes the resulting structures (Nogales et al., Nature 375 (1995) 424-427). This study was designed to examine the interaction of taxol with human serum albumin (HSA) in aqueous solution at physiological pH with drug concentrations of 0.0001-0.1 mM, and HSA (fatty acid free) concentration of 2% w/v. Gel electrophoresis, absorption spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with self-deconvolution and second-derivative resolution enhancement were used to determine the drug binding mode, binding constant and the protein secondary structure in the presence of taxol in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic evidence showed that taxol-protein interaction results into two types of drug-HSA complexes with overall binding constant of K=1.43 x 10(4) M(-1). The molar ratios of complexes were of taxol/HSA 30/1 (30 mM taxol) and 90/1 (90 mM taxol) with the complex ratios of 1.9 and 3.4 drug molecules per HSA molecule, respectively. The taxol binding results in major protein secondary structural changes from that of the alpha-helix 55 to 45% and beta-sheet 22 to 26%, beta-anti 12 to 15% and turn 11 to 16%, in the taxol-HSA complexes. The observed spectral changes indicate a partial unfolding of the protein structure, in the presence of taxol in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Quebec, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Que., Canada
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Purcell M, McConkey R, Morris I. Staff communication with people with intellectual disabilities: the impact of a work-based training programme. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2000; 35:147-158. [PMID: 10824231 DOI: 10.1080/136828200247313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified changes that front-line service staff could usefully make to enhance their communications and those of their clients who have intellectual disabilities. These were incorporated into a training programme delivered in the workplace that involved a self-selected group of 24 experienced staff working either in small-scale residential settings and day centres. Analysis of video-recordings made before and after training showed that although most clients had become more active communicators (particularly when they were engaged in shared activities with staff), significant changes in staff behaviours as a whole were not observed. However increased responsiveness from staff did correlate significantly with increases in the client's communication acts. In addition, qualitative reports from staff and tutors pinpointed specific changes that staff had made. The difficulties of evaluating changes in staff-client communications are discussed and four features for training staff in communication are identified as essential; namely, it should be work-based, client focused, mentor-guided, and effective strategies documented and shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Fife Primary Care NHS Trust, Dunfermline, UK
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28
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Purcell M, Novetta-Delen A, Arakawa H, Malonga H, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Interaction of RNase A with VO3- and VO2+ ions. Metal ion binding mode and protein secondary structure. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1999; 17:473-80. [PMID: 10636082 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1999.10508378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Some of vanadyl complexes have shown potential to inhibit RNase activity by acting as transition state analogue, while at the same time not inhibiting DNase. To gain an insight into the interaction of protein with vanadate (VO3-) and vanadyl (VO2+) ions, the present study was designed to examine the binding of ribonuclase A (RNase A) with NaVO3 and VOSO4 in aqueous solution at physiological pH with metal ion concentrations of 0.001 mM to 1 mM, and protein concentration of 2% w/v. Absorption spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with self-deconvolution and second derivative resolution enhancement were used to determine the cation binding mode, association constant and the protein secondary structure in the presence of vanadate and vanadyl ions in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic results show that an indirect metal ion interaction occurs with the polypeptide C = O, C-N (via H2O) with overall binding constants of K(VO3-) = 3.93x10(2) M(-1) and K(VO2+) = 4.20x10(3) M(-1). At high metal ion concentrations, major protein secondary structural changes occur from that of the alpha-helix 29% (free enzyme) to 23-24%; beta-sheet (pleated and anti) 50% (free enzyme) to 64-66% and turn 21% (free enzyme) to 10-12% in the metal-RNase complexes. The observed structural changes indicate a partial protein unfolding in the presence of high metal ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Canada
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McConkey R, Morris I, Purcell M. Communications between staff and adults with intellectual disabilities in naturally occurring settings. J Intellect Disabil Res 1999; 43 ( Pt 3):194-205. [PMID: 10392606 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Videotapes were made of 43 staff-client dyads in small-scale residential and day service settings. Frequency counts were made of carers' communicative acts, and two experienced speech and language therapists rated these for appropriateness. Recommendations for enhancing communication were also noted. The results showed that clients were presented with few opportunities to engage as equal partners in the conversational interchanges: staff overly relied on verbal acts, even when they were communicating with predominantly non-verbal clients; they tended to favour the use of directives and questions, and the majority of staff failed to adjust their language to the client's level of understanding. The most commonly recommended changes for staff were to use simpler sentences and words, to increase their use of non-verbal signals and open questions, to provide more opportunities for clients to initiate topics, and to increase their responsiveness to client's non-verbal signals. The explanations for staff behaviour are reviewed and the implications for changing practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McConkey
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
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Purcell M, Shuman HA. The Legionella pneumophila icmGCDJBF genes are required for killing of human macrophages. Infect Immun 1998; 66:2245-55. [PMID: 9573114 PMCID: PMC108188 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.5.2245-2255.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1997] [Accepted: 02/12/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a collection of mutants of Legionella pneumophila that had lost the ability to multiply within and kill human macrophages was generated by Tn903dIIlacZ transposon mutagenesis and classified into DNA hybridization groups. A subset of these mutants was complemented by a plasmid, pMW100, containing a 13.5-kb genomic DNA insert. This plasmid restored the ability to multiply within and produce cytopathic effects on human macrophages to members of DNA hybridization groups II, IV, VI, and XVII. A region of the genomic insert of pMW100 was sequenced, and eight potential genes were identified and named icmE, icmG, icmC, icmD, icmJ, icmB, icmF, and tphA. None of the genes encode potential protein products with significant homology to previously characterized proteins, except for tphA, whose product has significant homology to a family of metabolite/H+ symport proteins from gram-negative bacteria. The positions of the Tn903dIIlacZ insertions within the genes were determined by nucleotide sequencing. No Tn903dIIlacZ insertions mapped to icmG, icmJ, or tphA; therefore, these loci were mutated to test whether they were required for macrophage killing. Complementation analysis was used to evaluate the roles of the potential gene products and provide information on the organization of transcriptional units within the region. The results indicate that all identified open reading frames except tphA are required for killing of human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Sink CA, van Keppel J, Purcell M. Reliability estimates of the Purpose in Life and Seeking Noetic Goals tests with rural and metropolitan-area adolescents. Percept Mot Skills 1998; 86:362. [PMID: 9638733 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Purpose in Life and Seeking Noetic Goals tests were administered to 198 rural Missouri and 659 metropolitan-area Washington high school students and readministered after an 8-week interval. The obtained test-retest and Cronbach alpha coefficients were largely consistent with earlier research using adult clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sink
- Seattle Pacific University, School of Education, Seattle, WA 98119, USA.
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Segal G, Purcell M, Shuman HA. Host cell killing and bacterial conjugation require overlapping sets of genes within a 22-kb region of the Legionella pneumophila genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:1669-74. [PMID: 9465074 PMCID: PMC19142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1997] [Accepted: 12/10/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 22-kb DNA locus of Legionella pneumophila is described that contains 18 genes, 16 of which are required for macrophage killing (icm genes). In this paper two previously described icm loci were linked by the discovery of five genes located between the two loci. Four of the newly described genes are required for macrophage killing (icmMLKE) and one is dispensable. The 16 icm genes appeared to be organized as six individual genes (icmR, icmQ, icmG, icmC, icmD, and icmF), and four operons (icmTS, icmPO, icmMLKE, and icmJB). Four icm genes (icmP, icmO, icmL, and icmE) show significant sequence similarity to plasmid genes involved in conjugation, whereas the other icm genes were found not to bear any sequence similarity to database entries. We found that L. pneumophila can mediate plasmid DNA transfer at a frequency of 10(-3) to 10(-4) per donor. Strains containing null mutations in two icm genes (icmT and icmR) showed a severe reduction in conjugation frequency and macrophage killing. Strains containing an insertion in four other icm genes (icmF, icmE, icmC, and dotA) were shown to have a less severe defect in conjugation. Mutations in the other 11 icm genes had no effect on conjugation frequency. We currently do not know whether conjugation itself plays a role in macrophage killing. It is possible either that small plasmids can take advantage of an existing secretion system to be mobilized or that DNA transfer is required for human macrophage killing by L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Segal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Shuman HA, Purcell M, Segal G, Hales L, Wiater LA. Intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila: human pathogen or accidental tourist? Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1997; 225:99-112. [PMID: 9386330 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-80451-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H A Shuman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Daszak P, Purcell M, Lewin J, Dhillon AP, Pounder RE, Wakefield AJ. Detection and comparative analysis of persistent measles virus infection in Crohn's disease by immunogold electron microscopy. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50:299-304. [PMID: 9215145 PMCID: PMC499879 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.50.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the specificity of persistent measles virus infection in intestinal samples from Crohn's disease patients using quantitative immunogold electron microscopy. To compare the results with samples from ulcerative colitis, a granulomatous inflammatory control (tuberculous lymphadenitis), and a positive control. METHODS Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded intestinal tissue from patients with Crohn's disease was reprocessed and stained with antimeasles nucleocaspid protein primary antibody followed by 10 nm gold conjugated secondary antibody. Tissue samples were taken from granulomatous and non-granulomatous areas of the intestine. Intestinal samples from patients with ulcerative colitis, tuberculous lymphadenitis, or acute mesenteric ischaemia were similarly processed. Brain tissue from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was used as the positive control. Duplicate sections of all tissues were processed without the primary antibody. Stained specimens were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS In Crohn's disease patients, 8/9 foci of granulomatous inflammation and 0/4 foci of non-specific inflammation were positive for measles virus. Of controls, 0/5 non-inflamed intestinal tissues, 1/8 tuberculous tissues, 1/5 ulcerative colitis tissues, and 1/1 SSPE tissues were positive. Gold grain counts per nuclear field-of-view in both Crohn's disease granulomas (43.29) and SSPE (36.94) were significantly higher than in tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis (13.52) or tuberculous lymphadenitis (15.875), and nongranulomatous areas of Crohn's disease (4.89) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.0006, respectively), with no significant difference between Crohn's disease and SSPE (p > 0.1). In both SSPE and Crohn's disease staining was confined to a small population of cells exhibiting characteristic cytopathology. CONCLUSION These data support a role for measles virus in the aetiology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Daszak
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A 61-year-old man with a slow-growing, painless mass in the area of the right knee underwent radiographic, computed tomographic (CT), arthrographic, arteriographic, and bone scintigraphic imaging studies. Scintigraphy showed an area of intense uptake in the anterolateral part of the knee; the uptake of the knee was much higher than that of the knee joints, but the area was not connected to the joint. Radiographic findings suggested an osteocartilaginous mass which was seen to contain low-density fatty tissue on the CT exam. Arthrography revealed that there was no connection of the mass to the knee joint. Arteriography showed a mildly vascularized tumor mass. Upon removal, the mass was well encapsulated, measuring 10 x 7 x 7 cm, and consisted of integrated nodules of bone, cartilage, and fat tissue. Microscopic examination confirmed lipoma with osteochondromatous metaplasia. The intense uptake in the lipoma near the bone or joint on the bone scan and multiple osteochondromatous nodules shown on CT may serve as characteristic features of the rare chondrosseous metaplasia within a lipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Shih
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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Purcell M, Mabrouk YM, Bogorad L. Red/far-red and blue light-responsive regions of maize rbcS-m3 are active in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, respectively. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:11504-8. [PMID: 8524792 PMCID: PMC40430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.25.11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves of the C4 plant maize have two major types of photosynthetic cells: a ring of five large bundle sheath cells (BSC) surrounds each vascular bundle and smaller mesophyll cells (MC) lie between the cylinders of bundle sheath cells. The enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is encoded by nuclear rbcS and chloroplast rbcL genes. It is not present in MC but is abundant in adjacent BSC of green leaves. As reported previously, the separate regions of rbcS-m3, which are required for stimulating transcription of the gene in BSC and for suppressing expression of reporter genes in MC, were identified by an in situ expression assay; expression was not suppressed in MC until after leaves of dark-grown seedlings had been illuminated for 24 h. Now we have found that transient expression of rbcS-m3 reporter genes is stimulated in BSC via a red/far-red reversible phytochrome photoperception and signal transduction system but that blue light is required for suppressing rbcS-m3 reporter gene expression in MC. Blue light is also required for the suppression system to develop in MC. Thus, the maize gene rbcS-m3 contains certain sequences that are responsive to a phytochrome photoperception and signal transduction system and other regions that respond to a UVA/blue light photoperception and signal transduction system. Various models of "coaction" of plant photoreceptors have been advanced; these observations show the basis for one type of coaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Purcell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Mack AM, Hintz NM, Cook D, Franey MA, Amann J, Barlett M, Hoffmann GW, Pauletta G, Ciskowski D, Purcell M. Proton scattering by 206,207,208Pb at 650 MeV: Phenomenological analysis. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:291-300. [PMID: 9970508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Yen YF, Brinkmöller B, Dehnhard D, Franey MA, Sterbenz SM, Yu YJ, Berman B, Burleson GR, Cranston K, Klein A, Kyle GS, Alarcon R, Averett T, Comfort JR, Görgen JJ, Ritchie BG, Tinsley JR, Barlett M, Hoffmann GW, Johnson K, Moore CF, Purcell M, Ward H, Williams A, Faucett JA, Greene SJ, Jarmer JJ, McGill JA, Morris CL, Penttilä SI, Tanaka N, Fortune HT, Insko E, Ivie R, O'Donnell JM, Smith D, Khandaker MA, Chakravarti S. Pion elastic scattering from polarized 13C in the energy region of the P33 resonance. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:897-908. [PMID: 9969733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bailly C, Gentle D, Hamy F, Purcell M, Waring MJ. Localized chemical reactivity in DNA associated with the sequence-specific bisintercalation of echinomycin. Biochem J 1994; 300 ( Pt 1):165-73. [PMID: 8198530 PMCID: PMC1138139 DOI: 10.1042/bj3000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Four complementary footprinting and probing techniques utilizing DNAse I, methidiumpropyl EDTA (MPE).FeII, diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) and KMnO4 as DNA-cleaving or DNA-modifying agents have been applied to investigate the sequence-specific binding to DNA of the antitumour antibiotic echinomycin. A 265 bp EcoRI-PvuII DNA restriction fragment excised from plasmid pBS was used as a substrate. Six regions of protection against DNAase I cleavage were located on the 265-mer: three sites encompass the sequences 5'-TCGA or 5'-GCGT and the three others contain 5'-GpG (CpC) dinucleotide sequences where the inhibition of DNAase I cutting by echinomycin is less pronounced. In contrast, MPE.FeII cleavage allows identification of only three echinomycin-binding sites on the 265-mer: two sites contain the sequence 5'-TCGA and one encompasses the sequence 5'-ACCA. Cleavage of DNA by MPE.FeII in the presence of echinomycin remains practically unaffected at the sequence 5'-GCGT, despite its identification by DNAase I as a strong site for binding the antibiotic, as well as at the two other sequences containing GpG steps. With both DNAase I and MPE.FeII, enhanced DNA cleavage is evident at AT-rich sequences in the presence of echinomycin. Enhanced reactivity towards KMnO4 and DEPC provides clear evidence for sequence-dependent conformational changes in DNA induced by the antibiotic. The experiments reveal that KMnO4 reacts most strongly with thymines located around, but not necessarily adjacent to, an echinomycin-binding site, whereas the carbethoxylation reactions caused by DEPC occur primarily at the adenine residues lying immediately 5' or 3' to the dinucleotide that denotes an echinomycin-binding site. The results reported here demonstrate that DEPC and KMnO4 serve as sensitive probes for different states of the DNA helix. It seems that the reaction with KMnO4 involves transient unstacking events, whereas the carbethoxylation reaction of DEPC requires larger-scale helix opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Hoffmann GW, Barlett ML, Kielhorn W, Pauletta G, Purcell M, Ray L, Amann JF, Jarmer JJ, Jones KW, Penttilä S, Tanaka N, Burleson G, Faucett J, Gilani M, Kyle G, Stevens L, Mack AM, Mihailidis D, Averett T, Comfort J, Görgen J, Tinsley J. Spin correlation measurements for p. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:630-632. [PMID: 9969267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
Forty-five individuals with generalized anxiety (38 with GAD as defined by DSM-III) were randomized to 4 treatment conditions or a waiting list control. Patients received 8 sessions of either frontal EMG biofeedback, biofeedback to increase EEG alpha, biofeedback to decrease EEG alpha, or a pseudomeditation control condition. All treated subjects showed significant reductions in STAI-Trait Anxiety and psychophysiologic symptoms on the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist. Only alpha-increase biofeedback subjects showed significant reductions in heart rate reactivity to stressors at a separate psychophysiological testing session. Decreased self-report of anxiety was maintained at 6 weeks posttreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rice
- State University of New York, Albany
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Abstract
The biosynthesis of glyantrypine from radiolabelled amino acid precursors has been shown experimentally to involve anthranilic acid, tryptophan and glycine. Low values for percentage incorporation of radiolabel into glyantrypine were partly influenced by a complex array of other novel alkaloids shown by the radiolabelling experiments to be related to glyantrypine. Interpretation of radiolabel incorporation from [14C-carboxyl]-anthranilic acid into microbial metabolites seen to contain an anthranilyl moiety in various biosynthetic arrangements is discussed. The possibility of diversion of anthranilic acid from the kynurenine pathway to glyantrypine biosynthesis is recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penn
- Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Shih
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY
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Görgen JJ, Comfort JR, Tinsley JR, Averett T, DeKorse J, Franklin B, Ritchie BG, Kyle G, Klein A, Berman B, Burleson G, Cranston K, Faucett JA, Jarmer JJ, Knudson JN, Penttilä S, Tanaka N, Brinkmöller B, Dehnhard D, Yen YF, Hoibråten S, Breuer H, Flanders BS, Khandaker MA, Naples DL, Zhang D, Barlett ML, Hoffmann GW, Purcell M. Analyzing powers for pion charge exchange on polarized 13C. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:2193-2196. [PMID: 10043420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Yen YF, Brinkmöller B, Dehnhard D, Sterbenz SM, Yu YJ, Berman B, Burleson GR, Cranston K, Klein A, Kyle GS, Alarcon R, Averett T, Comfort JR, Görgen JJ, Ritchie BG, Tinsley JR, Barlett M, Hoffmann GW, Johnson K, Moore CF, Purcell M, Ward H, Williams A, Faucett JA, Greene SJ, Jarmer JJ, McGill JA, Morris CL, Penttilä S, Tanaka N, Fortune HT, Insko E, Ivie R, O'Donnell JM, Smith D, Khandaker MA, Chakravarti S. Asymmetry measurement of pion elastic scattering from polarized 13C in the energy region of the P33 resonance. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:1959-1962. [PMID: 10043354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Shih WJ, Purcell M. Diabetic Charcot joint mimicking acute osteomyelitis in radiography and three-phase radionuclide bone imaging study. Radiat Med 1991; 9:47-9. [PMID: 1852903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three phase radionuclide bone imaging procedures are used to differentiate cellulitis and osteomyelitis. Acute cellulitis is shown only as increased radioactivity in the blood flow and blood pool images; a persistent area of high activity in a delayed image is usually diagnosed as acute osteomyelitis. We present a patient with Charcot's joint secondary to diabetes mellitus whose three-phase bone imaging as well as radiographic studies revealed a consistent picture of acute osteomyelitis. In the appropriate clinical setting, Charcot's joint, along with several other etiologies (including bone tumors, leukemia, trauma, recent surgery, Paget's disease, and malunion of fracture), should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Shih
- Nuclear Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY
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47
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Hoffmann GW, Barlett ML, Kielhorn W, Pauletta G, Purcell M, Ray L, Amann JF, Jarmer JJ, Jones KW, Penttilä S, Tanaka N, Burleson G, Faucett J, Gilani M, Kyle G, Stevens L, Mack AM, Mihailidis D, Averett T, Comfort J, Görgen J, Tinsley J, Clark BC, Hama S, Mercer RL. Polarized-proton elastic scattering from polarized 13C. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:3096-3099. [PMID: 10042780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Görgen JJ, Comfort JR, Averett T, DeKorse J, Franklin B, Ritchie BG, Tinsley J, Kyle G, Berman B, Burleson G, Cranston K, Klein A, Faucett JA, Jarmer JJ, Knudson JN, Penttilä S, Tanaka N, Brinkmöller B, Dehnhard D, Yen YF, Hoibrråten S, Breuer H, Flanders BS, Khandaker MA, Naples DL, Zhang D, Barlett ML, Hoffmann GW, Purcell M. Anaylyzing powers for the reaction pi -p. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1990; 42:2374-2376. [PMID: 10013096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.42.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hoffmann GW, Barlett ML, Ciskowski D, Pauletta G, Purcell M, Ray L, Amann JF, Jarmer JJ, Jones KW, Penttilä S, Tanaka N, Gazzaly MM, Comfort JR, Clark BC, Hama S. Cross sections, analyzing powers, and spin-rotation-depolarization observables for 500 MeV proton elastic scattering from 12C and 13C. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 41:1651-1655. [PMID: 9966512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.41.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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Janousek JT, Pellegrini VA, Frank JB, Schlaff S, Rohrer R, Purcell M, Katzenmoyer T. Initial results of an office-based in Vitro Fertilization Program at West Reading, Pennsylvania. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf 1988; 5:115-6. [PMID: 3411173 DOI: 10.1007/bf01130671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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