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Sperber AD, Bor S, Fang X, Bangdiwala SI, Drossman DA, Ghoshal UC, Simren M, Tack J, Whitehead WE, Dumitrascu DL, Fukudo S, Kellow J, Okeke E, Quigley EMM, Schmulson M, Whorwell P, Archampong T, Adibi P, Andresen V, Benninga MA, Bonaz B, Fernandez LB, Choi SC, Corazziari ES, Francisconi C, Hani A, Lazebnik L, Lee YY, Mulak A, Rahman MM, Santos J, Setshedi M, Syam AF, Vanner S, Wong RK, Lopez-Colombo A, Costa V, Dickman R, Kanazawa M, Keshteli AH, Khatun R, Maleki I, Poitras P, Pratap N, Stefanyuk O, Thomson S, Buyruk M, Unal N, Huang D, Song J, Hreinsson JP, Palsson OS. Face-to-face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population-based research. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14583. [PMID: 37018412 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) assessed the prevalence, burden, and associated factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries around the world. Achieving worldwide sampling necessitated use of two different surveying methods: In-person household interviews (9 countries) and Internet surveys (26 countries). Two countries, China and Turkey, were surveyed with both methods. This paper examines the differences in the survey results with the two methods, as well as likely reasons for those differences. METHODS The two RFGES survey methods are described in detail, and differences in DGBI findings summarized for household versus Internet surveys globally, and in more detail for China and Turkey. Logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate factors contributing to these differences. RESULTS Overall, DGBI were only half as prevalent when assessed with household vs Internet surveys. Similar patterns of methodology-related DGBI differences were seen within both China and Turkey, but prevalence differences between the survey methods were dramatically larger in Turkey. No clear reasons for outcome differences by survey method were identified, although greater relative reduction in bowel and anorectal versus upper gastrointestinal disorders when household versus Internet surveying was used suggests an inhibiting influence of social sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The findings strongly indicate that besides affecting data quality, manpower needs and data collection time and costs, the choice of survey method is a substantial determinant of symptom reporting and DGBI prevalence outcomes. This has important implications for future DGBI research and epidemiological research more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami D Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Serhat Bor
- Ege University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Xuicai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A Drossman
- Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Center for Education and Practice of Biopsychosocial Care, and Drossman Gastroenterology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, India
| | - Magnus Simren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William E Whitehead
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - John Kellow
- Discipline of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edith Okeke
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorder, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy Archampong
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Payman Adibi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Viola Andresen
- Department of Medicine, Israelitic Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Bonaz
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Suck Chei Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | | | - Carlos Francisconi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Gastroenterology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Albis Hani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonid Lazebnik
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Javier Santos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona & Neuro-Inmuno-Gastroenterology Lab, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mashiko Setshedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston Health Science Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reuben K Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Valeria Costa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ram Dickman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- CEGIIR-Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rutaba Khatun
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iradj Maleki
- Gut and Liver Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Oksana Stefanyuk
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandie Thomson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Murat Buyruk
- Ege University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nalan Unal
- Ege University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Johann P Hreinsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Rábago R, Bonilla A, Escamilla-Diego E, Higuera de la Tijera MF, Schmulson M. Pictograms are more effective than verbal descriptors in Spanish for bloating and distension. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14364. [PMID: 35394646 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no translation for bloating in Spanish, and distension is very technical. AIMS To evaluate pictograms for assessing bloating/distension in patients with general gastroenterology (Study 1, n = 88) and in those with irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] (Study 2: n = 144), and to correlate them with verbal descriptors (VDs) and physician's diagnosis (PDx). METHODS Patients answered the Rome III Questionnaire with VDs and pictograms, and were consulted by two gastroenterology fellows (PDx). Correlations were conducted with Cohen's kappa, and ROC curves were used to contrast pictograms and VDs with PDx. RESULTS "Inflammation" was the most frequent VDs, while distension was commonly interpreted as a sensation ("inflammation") and/or increased abdominal girth. In patients not reporting bloating/distension with VDs, pictograms detected these symptoms in (Study 1 and Study 2) 82.2 and 89.6% of patients. In addition, pictograms showed a positive agreement with PDx, kappa: 0.63 (p < 0.0001) and 0.8 (p < 0.0001); and a negative agreement with VD, kappa: -0.45 (p = 0.05) and -0.1 (p = 0.2), respectively, in studies 1 and 2. Pictograms were more sensitive and specific than VDs (Study 1: ROC = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.80-0.96), p < 0.0001 versus 0.74 (0.62-0.88), p < 0.0001; Study 2: 0.99 (0.98-1.00), p = 0.004 versus 0.32 (0.10-0.54), p = 0.294). CONCLUSIONS Pictograms are more effective than Spanish VDs for bloating/distension in patients consulting for gastroenterology problems and those with IBS, supporting their usefulness in the clinic and research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rábago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bonilla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Escamilla-Diego
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM)-Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM)-Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Sperber AD, Freud T, Aziz I, Palsson OS, Drossman DA, Dumitrascu DL, Fang X, Fukudo S, Ghoshal UC, Kellow J, Khatun R, Okeke E, Quigley EMM, Schmulson M, Simren M, Tack J, Whitehead WE, Whorwell P, Bangdiwala SI. Greater Overlap of Rome IV Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions Leads to Increased Disease Severity and Poorer Quality of Life. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e945-e956. [PMID: 34052391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and functional constipation are among the prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) disorders classified as disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), which can adversely affect the lives of sufferers. This study aimed to assess the degree and consequences of overlapping DGBI in a large population-based global scale. METHODS Internet survey data from 54,127 adults (49.1% women) in 26 countries were analyzed by 4 GI anatomic regions (esophageal, gastroduodenal, bowel, and anorectal). The number of DGBI-affected GI regions was assessed, including associations with sex, age, disease severity, quality of life, psychosocial variables, and health care utilization. RESULTS A total of 40.3% of surveyed individuals met Rome IV criteria for a DGBI. The percentages with 1-4 DGBI-affected GI regions were 68.3%, 22.3%, 7.1%, and 2.3%, respectively. The IBS symptom severity score increased significantly from 1 (207.6) to 4 (291.6) regions, as did non-GI symptom reporting (somatization), anxiety and depression, concerns and embarrassment about bowel function, doctor visits, medications, and abdominal surgeries (all P < .0001). Quality of life decreased with increasing number of DGBI regions (P < .0001). In a logistic mixed model, non-GI symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.10), being very vs not concerned (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.27-2.90), being very vs not embarrassed about bowel function (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.33), and mean number of doctor visits (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.115-1.32) were most strongly associated with number of DGBI regions. CONCLUSIONS DGBI in multiple anatomic GI regions is associated with increased psychological comorbidity, health care utilization, and IBS severity. Physician awareness of overlap could improve quality of care, prevent unnecessary interventions, and yield more positive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami D Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tamar Freud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Imran Aziz
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology & Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Douglas A Drossman
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Education and Practice of Biopsychosocial Care, Drossman Gastroenterology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Xuicai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - John Kellow
- Discipline of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rutaba Khatun
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Okeke
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magnus Simren
- Department of Clinal and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William E Whitehead
- Center for Education and Practice of Biopsychosocial Care, Drossman Gastroenterology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Linares-García L, Cárdenas-Barragán ME, Hernández-Ceballos W, Pérez-Solano CS, Morales-Guzmán AS, Miller DS, Schmulson M. Bacterial and Fungal Gut Dysbiosis and Clostridium difficile in COVID-19: A Review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:285-298. [PMID: 35125404 PMCID: PMC8900892 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), related to infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) of intestinal cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the brush border. Also, patients are treated with multiple antibiotics. Therefore, an increase in gut dysbiosis and in the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is expected in patients with COVID-19. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted using the terms "gut microbiota," "gut mycobiota," "dysbiosis" AND "COVID-19"; "Clostridium difficile," "Clostridioides difficile" AND "COVID-19"; "probiotics," "bacteriotherapy AND COVID-19." Only case series, observational and experimental studies were included. RESULTS A total of 384 papers were retrieved and 21 fulfilled selection criteria. Later, a new paper was identified, thus 22 papers were reviewed. Main findings: (1) gut bacterial dysbiosis has been found in fecal samples of COVID-19 patients, with enrichment of opportunistic organisms and decrease of beneficial commensals such as Faecalibacterium prausnitizii. Dysbiosis is related to inflammatory markers and illness severity. (2) There is evidence for abnormal gut barrier and bacterial translocation with a negative impact in the lungs. (3) Fungal dysbiosis correlating with pulmonary mycobiota, has also been found. (4) There is controversy in the CDI rates among COVID-19 patients versus controls and pandemic versus prepandemic era. (5) There is no available evidence yet to support bacteriotherapy in COVID-19. (6) Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed for COVID-19, although there is no evidence to support it. Also, FMT can be safely used during the pandemic for CDI if strict screening protocols for donors and fecal product are implemented. CONCLUSIONS In COVID-19 there is bacterial and fungal dysbiosis that correlates with systemic and pulmonary inflammation, and illness severity. Further investigations are warranted to determine the efficacy of bacteriotherapy and FMT for modulating gut dysbiosis in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Linares-García
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - María E. Cárdenas-Barragán
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Winston Hernández-Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
- Program of Combined Studies in Medicine. Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Carlos S. Pérez-Solano
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
- Program of Combined Studies in Medicine. Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Alizon S. Morales-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | | | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
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Schmulson M, Gudiño-Zayas M, Hani A. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurogastroenterologists in Latin America: Results of an Online Survey. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:684-690. [PMID: 33471492 PMCID: PMC8356844 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical practice in fields not related to the infection. Neurogastroenterology is a subspecialty of gastroenterology focused on motility and functional gastrointestinal disorders, including consultations, and conducting procedures (eg, endoscopies, manometries/pH-monitoring). AIM The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on Neurogastroenterology in Latin America. METHODS Members of the Latin American Society of Neurogastroenterology were invited by e-mail and social networks to participate in an online anonymous survey. It included 24 questions on demographics, clinical practice and procedure characteristics, impact of the pandemic, Telemedicine, and involvement in COVID-19 patient care. RESULTS Sixty-one members mainly from Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil answered the survey. All reported a negative impact on their practice (88.6%: a 61% to 100% decrease), mainly in office consultations and elective endoscopies. Interestingly, emergency endoscopies decreased by 33.3%, while only 4% stopped performing manometries/pH-monitoring. The main reasons were patients' fear for consulting, country's lockdown, and physician's decision to prevent infection spread. Telemedicine was implemented by 83% but only 64.7% were being remunerated. Almost 46% had to reduce salaries and working hours of their personnel. Fifty-nine percent had colleagues diagnosed with COVID-19, 24.6% were involved in these patients' care, and 11.5% were mobilized to COVID-19 wards. There were country differences: Colombia, lockdown (P=0.001); Mexico, COVID-19 patient-care (P=0.053); Mexico/Colombia, working in COVID-19 wards, (P=0.012); Brazil, less common elective procedures' ban (P=0.012) and Telemedicine/reimbursement (P=0.034). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the practice and wellness of Neurogastroenterologists in Latin America. Guidelines to resume activities and policies for Telemedicine practice and reimbursement are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Gastroenterología y Endoscopía, Centro Médico ABC, Gastroenterología y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Clínica Lomas Altas SC
| | - Marco Gudiño-Zayas
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Albis Hani
- Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia
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Soifer L, Tawil J, Remes-Troche JM, M A Valdovinos, Schmulson M. Degree of concordance on the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. A study among specialists that are members of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología (SLNG). Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2021; 87:S0375-0906(21)00060-4. [PMID: 34294483 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Due to its different clinical manifestations, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requires diverse diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of concordance among Latin American specialists, with respect to the management of GERD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey with 42 statements (22 related to diagnosis and 20 to treatment) applied to 56 specialists from Latin America. There were 4 possible statement responses: in complete agreement, in partial agreement, in partial disagreement, and in complete disagreement. Reproducibility, level of agreement, and concordance were measured through the Kappa statistic. RESULTS The response rate was 81% (47/56). General concordance was low, given that there was complete concordance in only 12 statements (28.6%). There was partial concordance in 22 statements (52.4%) and no concordance in 8 (19%). The following themes had the most disagreement: the performance of endoscopy before beginning treatment, the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with extraesophageal symptoms and with no typical symptoms, and the combined use of PPIs and prokinetics. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we found that there was agreement among the Latin American specialists for the diagnosis and management of GERD in less than one-third of the recommendations considered standard. The low concordance could be related to the fact that the availability of diagnostic tools and medications, as well as the prevalence of GERD phenotypes, are different in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soifer
- Instituto Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - J Tawil
- Gastroenterología Diagnóstica y Terapéutica GEDyT, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - M A Valdovinos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX, México
| | - M Schmulson
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Hospital General de México, CDMX, México
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Schmulson M. Probiotics: To Use or Not to Use? That Is the Question. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:1396-1397. [PMID: 33973898 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This Editorial analyzes the paper by Schnadower et al on the secondary analysis of 2 randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and a combination of L. rhamnosus R0011 and L. helveticus R0052, showing that moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis symptoms as primary endpoint, did not differ between probiotics or placebo. The data is important because probiotics are commonly used and prescribed in clinical practice, many times without strong evidence and producing a high economic burden. Two other examples are addressed. A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trial of L. reuteri DSM 17938 finding that this probiotic reduced the duration of diarrhea and hospitalization, to discuss the issue that the effect of probiotics is strain specific. In addition, the different findings of reviews and meta-analyses of probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome in which a common conclusion of all of them was that adequately powered randomized controlled trials are required to better determine the species, strains and doses of probiotics, as well as the treatment duration that is most efficacious. Finally, the fact that probiotics are frequently prescribed despite lacking regulations by pharmaceutical authorities is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas, and Motility (HIPAM), Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Schmulson M, Davalos De la Rosa MF, Linares-Garcia L, Morales-Guzmán AS, Balbuena R, Lau C. The human translation of the postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome like rat model with antivinculin production after immunization with cytolethal distending toxin B. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14042. [PMID: 33232542 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Gastroenterología y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Clínica Lomas Altas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Davalos De la Rosa
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Linares-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alizon Sujey Morales-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rita Balbuena
- Laboratorio Biomédica de Referencia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Lau
- Laboratorio Biomédica de Referencia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sperber AD, Bangdiwala SI, Drossman DA, Ghoshal UC, Simren M, Tack J, Whitehead WE, Dumitrascu DL, Fang X, Fukudo S, Kellow J, Okeke E, Quigley EMM, Schmulson M, Whorwell P, Archampong T, Adibi P, Andresen V, Benninga MA, Bonaz B, Bor S, Fernandez LB, Choi SC, Corazziari ES, Francisconi C, Hani A, Lazebnik L, Lee YY, Mulak A, Rahman MM, Santos J, Setshedi M, Syam AF, Vanner S, Wong RK, Lopez-Colombo A, Costa V, Dickman R, Kanazawa M, Keshteli AH, Khatun R, Maleki I, Poitras P, Pratap N, Stefanyuk O, Thomson S, Zeevenhooven J, Palsson OS. Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:99-114.e3. [PMID: 32294476 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 788] [Impact Index Per Article: 262.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), now called disorders of gut-brain interaction, have major economic effects on health care systems and adversely affect quality of life, little is known about their global prevalence and distribution. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with 22 FGIDs, in 33 countries on 6 continents. METHODS Data were collected via the Internet in 24 countries, personal interviews in 7 countries, and both in 2 countries, using the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, Rome III irritable bowel syndrome questions, and 80 items to identify variables associated with FGIDs. Data collection methods differed for Internet and household groups, so data analyses were conducted and reported separately. RESULTS Among the 73,076 adult respondents (49.5% women), diagnostic criteria were met for at least 1 FGID by 40.3% persons who completed the Internet surveys (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.9-40.7) and 20.7% of persons who completed the household surveys (95% CI, 20.2-21.3). FGIDs were more prevalent among women than men, based on responses to the Internet survey (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-1.7) and household survey (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3-1.4). FGIDs were associated with lower quality of life and more frequent doctor visits. Proportions of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome were lower when the Rome IV criteria were used, compared with the Rome III criteria, in the Internet survey (4.1% vs 10.1%) and household survey (1.5% vs 3.5%). CONCLUSIONS In a large-scale multinational study, we found that more than 40% of persons worldwide have FGIDs, which affect quality of life and health care use. Although the absolute prevalence was higher among Internet respondents, similar trends and relative distributions were found in people who completed Internet vs personal interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami D Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A Drossman
- Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Center for Education and Practice of Biopsychosocial Care, and Drossman Gastroenterology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, India
| | - Magnus Simren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William E Whitehead
- Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Xuicai Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - John Kellow
- Discipline of Medicine, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edith Okeke
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorder, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM). Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Archampong
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Payman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Viola Andresen
- Department of Medicine, Israelitic Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Bonaz
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Serhat Bor
- Ege University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bornova Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Suck Chei Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | | | - Carlos Francisconi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Gastroenterology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Albis Hani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonid Lazebnik
- Department of Outpatient Medicine, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Javier Santos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona & Neuro-Inmuno-Gastroenterology Lab, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mashiko Setshedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston Health Science Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reuben K Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Valeria Costa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ram Dickman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- CEGIIR-Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rutaba Khatun
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iradj Maleki
- Gut and Liver Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Oksana Stefanyuk
- Department of Biochemical Markers of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Research National Medical Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandie Thomson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Judith Zeevenhooven
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olafur S Palsson
- Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Chiquete E, Alegre-Díaz J, Ochoa-Guzmán A, Toapanta-Yanchapaxi LN, González-Carballo C, Garcilazo-Ávila A, Santacruz-Benitez R, Ramírez-Reyes R, Wong-Chew RM, Guerrero G, Schmulson M, Berumen J, Sandoval-Rodríguez V, Ruiz-Ruiz E, Cantú-Brito C. Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico. Arch Med Sci 2020; 18:711-718. [PMID: 35591829 PMCID: PMC9103400 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors associated with death vary among countries with different ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to describe the factors associated with death in Mexicans with confirmed COVID-19. Material and methods We analysed the Mexican Ministry of Health's official database on people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal fluids. Bivariate analyses were performed to select characteristics potentially associated with death, to integrate a Cox-proportional hazards model. Results As of May 18, 2020, a total of 177,133 persons (90,586 men and 86,551 women) in Mexico received rtRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. There were 5332 deaths among the 51,633 rtRT-PCR-confirmed cases (10.33%, 95% CI: 10.07-10.59%). The median time (interquartile range, IQR) from symptoms onset to death was 9 days (5-13 days), and from hospital admission to death 4 days (2-8 days). The analysis by age groups revealed that the significant risk of death started gradually at the age of 40 years. Independent death risk factors were obesity, hypertension, male sex, indigenous ethnicity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age > 40 years, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Only 1959 (3.8%) cases received IMV, of whom 1893 were admitted to the intensive care unit (96.6% of those who received IMV). Conclusions In Mexico, highly prevalent chronic diseases are risk factors for death among persons with COVID-19. Indigenous ethnicity is a poorly studied factor that needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Chiquete
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre-Díaz
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Ochoa-Guzmán
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos González-Carballo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Garcilazo-Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Raúl Ramírez-Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Guerrero
- Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Max Schmulson
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Berumen
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cantú-Brito
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Schmulson M, Dávalos M, Berumen J. Beware: Gastrointestinal symptoms can be a manifestation of COVID-19. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2020. [PMCID: PMC7180357 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a growing number of reports of COVID-19 cases presenting gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Aims To review studies reporting GI symptoms among COVID-19 patients. Results Fifteen papers (2800 patients) were identified. Frequency of GI symptoms varied from 3.0% to 39.6%, including diarrhea: 7.5%, nausea: 4.5%, anorexia: 4.4%, vomiting: 1.3%, abdominal pain: 0.5%, belching/reflux: 0.3%. These may be the first manifestation of COVID-19, however, there is controversy whether these reflect better or worst prognosis. Finally, the potential relationship with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor in the digestive tract as the virus entry route, is discussed. Conclusions GI symptoms may be common in COVID-19 and may be the first manifestation before fever and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and gastroenterologists need to be aware of these atypical cases during the current pandemic and of the fecal–oral transmission, and preventive measures may be implemented.
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Schmulson M, Dávalos MF, Berumen J. Beware: Gastrointestinal symptoms can be a manifestation of COVID-19. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2020; 85:282-287. [PMID: 32376072 PMCID: PMC7158807 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing number of reports on the presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms in cases of COVID-19. AIM To review the studies reporting gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19. RESULTS Fifteen articles (2,800 patients) were identified. Gastrointestinal symptom frequency varied from 3.0% to 39.6% and included diarrhea (7.5%), náusea (4.5%), anorexia (4.4%), vomiting (1.3%), abdominal pain (0.5%), and belching/reflux (0.3%). Those symptoms can be the first manifestation of COVID-19, but whether they reflect a better or worse prognosis, is controversial. The potential relation of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor in the digestive tract as an entry route for the virus is discussed. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal symptoms may be common in COVID-19, in some cases appearing as the first manifestation, even before fever and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and gastroenterologists must be aware of those atypical cases during the current pandemic, as well as of the fecal-oral route and corresponding preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - M F Dávalos
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Berumen
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
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Arredondo-Hernández R, Schmulson M, Orduña P, López-Leal G, Zarate AM, Alanis-Funes G, Alcaraz LD, Santiago-Cruz R, Cevallos MA, Villa AR, Ponce-de-León Rosales S, López-Vidal Y. Mucosal Microbiome Profiles Polygenic Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mestizo Individuals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:72. [PMID: 32266159 PMCID: PMC7098960 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder, worldwide, with a high prevalence among Mestizo Latin Americans. Because several inflammatory disorders appear to affect this population, a further understanding of host genomic background variants, in conjunction with colonic mucosa dysbiosis, is necessary to determine IBS physiopathology and the effects of environmental pressures. Using a simple polygenic model, host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the taxonomic compositions of microbiota were compared between IBS patients and healthy subjects. As proof of concept, five IBS-Rome III patients and five healthy controls (HCs) were systematically studied. The human and bacterial intestinal metagenome of each subject was taxonomically annotated and screened for previously annotated IBS, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease-associated SNPs or taxon abundance. Dietary data and fecal markers were collected and associated with the intestinal microbiome. However, more than 1,000 variants were found, and at least 76 SNPs differentiated IBS patients from HCs, as did associations with 4 phyla and 10 bacterial genera. In this study, we found elements supporting a polygenic background, with frequent variants, among the Mestizo population, and the colonic mucosal enrichment of Bacteroides, Alteromonas, Neisseria, Streptococcus, and Microbacterium, may serve as a hallmark for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Arredondo-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Estudios de Posgrado y División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Orduña
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Estudios de Posgrado y División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gamaliel López-Leal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Alanis-Funes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis David Alcaraz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubí Santiago-Cruz
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Antonio R Villa
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Estudios de Posgrado y División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samuel Ponce-de-León Rosales
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Estudios de Posgrado y División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rivera-Lechuga D, Santana-Vargas D, Escamilla-Diego E, Charúa-Guindic L, Schmulson M. A low frequency of post infection-IBS in patients attended in a tertiary referral center in México. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2019; 111:914-920. [PMID: 31718206 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.6181/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PI-IBS prevalence is around 10.1%-14.5% ≥ 12 months after infectious gastroenteritis in North America, Europe and Asia. However, there are no studies from Latin America. Two previous studies in Mexico suggest a low incidence of 5%. AIMS to determine the prevalence of PI-IBS in patients attended in a tertiary-care center, as well as IBS subtypes, severity, other digestive symptoms and red flags vs nPI-IBS. METHODS seventy IBS patients screened for immunological research completed the Rome III, Spiller's for PI-IBS and IBS-SSS questionnaires. PI-IBS prevalence was determined according to three criteria sets. C1: ≥ 2 episodes of sudden onset, onset while traveling, initial illness with any of the following symptoms, fever, vomiting, bloody diarrhea and a positive stool culture. C2: sudden onset and > 2 episodes of fever, diarrhea, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. C3: sudden onset after an infectious episode such as a positive culture or onset with ≥ 2 episodes of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rectal bleeding and foreign travel. Items were dichotomized as present or absent and compared using the Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS PI-IBS prevalence was as follows. C1: 5.7%, C2: 0 and C3: 1.4%. There were no IBS-C or IBS-M cases. In the C1 group, one case was mild and three were moderate IBS, which was similar to the non PI-IBS group. One case in the C3 group had mild IBS. There were no differences in the frequency of esophageal, gastroduodenal, anorectal, bloating/distension and red flags between PI-IBS and non PI-IBS groups (analyzed only for C3). CONCLUSIONS in Mexico, there is a very low prevalence of PI-IBS in patients from a tertiary-referral center. However, it varies according to the surrogate-criteria used. The later needs to be taken into account when performing PI-IBS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rivera-Lechuga
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Daniel Santana-Vargas
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, O.D., Mexico
| | - Ernesto Escamilla-Diego
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
| | - Luis Charúa-Guindic
- Unidad de Coloproctología, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, O.D., México
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
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García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Munguía-Realpozo P, Méndez-Valderrabano F, Méndez Martínez S, Etchegaray Morales I, Montiel-Jarquín Á, López-Colombo A, Schmulson M. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13693. [PMID: 31373090 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are frequent but functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have scarcely been studied in SLE. To determine the prevalence of FGIDs and their potential risk factors in SLE female patients vs controls. METHODS Systemic lupus erythematosus patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and controls completed the Rome III questionnaire for FGIDs and a structured interview to assess sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment variables after excluding organic GI diseases. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors (ie, alcohol drinking, medications) for FGIDs. KEY RESULTS Responders included 113 SLE patients and 122 age-matched controls. The presence of at least one FGIDs was higher in SLE (73.4%) vs controls (54.1%), P = .003. The most frequent FGIDs in SLE patients were nausea and vomiting disorders (NVD), belching disorders, globus, anorectal pain, functional heartburn (FH), and functional bloating (FB). After adjustment for confounding variables, SLE was associated with NVD (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 2.7-19.1) globus (3.5, 1.3-9.3), anorectal pain (3.4, 1.4-8.4), and FH (2.5, 1.5-4.4). The simultaneous presence of >1 FGID was more common in SLE patients than controls (69.8% vs 31.8%). Glucocorticoids (5.2, 1.3-19.9) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 3.0, 1.1-8.0) were associated with any FGID in SLE patients while alcohol drinking with gallbladder/sphincter of Oddi disorders 7.4 (1.1-47.3). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Functional gastrointestinal disorders are more frequent in SLE patients compared with controls. Medication that may alter gastrointestinal homeostasis, such as glucocorticoids and NSAIDs, are potential risk factors for FGIDs in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Puebla, México.,Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Puebla, México.,Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Pamela Munguía-Realpozo
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Fabiola Méndez-Valderrabano
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Socorro Méndez Martínez
- Research in Health Coordination, Puebla Delegation, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Ivet Etchegaray Morales
- Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Álvaro Montiel-Jarquín
- Division of Health Research, UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Aurelio López-Colombo
- State Research and Education Department, UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga., Mexico City, México
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Lúquez Mindiola A, Otero Regino W, Schmulson M. [Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to dyspepsia and functional dyspepsia:what's new in 2019?]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2019; 39:141-152. [PMID: 31333231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dyspepsia encompasses a set of symptoms that originate in the gastroduodenal region. It is characterized by pain or epigastric burning, early satiety and post-prandial fullness. According to the relationship of symptoms with meals, it is divided into epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome. However, in clinical practice, they frequently overlap. In recent years the paradigm of gastric physiological alterations has been changed and evidence supporting duodenal eosinophilia has increased, as a primary alteration that alters gastric physiology and can induce symptomatology. Every day there is more interest in the alteration of the microbiota. The treatment is based on the suppression of acid, neuromodulators, prokinetics, psychotherapy, alternative and complementary therapies. No treatment is effective in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adán Lúquez Mindiola
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia; Centro de Enfermedades Digestivas, GutMédica. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William Otero Regino
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia; Centro de Gastroenterología y Endoscopia Digestiva, Bogotá - Colombia
| | - Max Schmulson
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México DF, México; Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga". Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México DF, México; Gastroenterología y Endoscopía en Práctica Médica - Centro Médico ABC, México DF, México
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Schmulson M, Bashashati M. Fecal microbiota transfer for bowel disorders: efficacy or hype? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:72-80. [PMID: 30218939 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dysbiosis has been related to the pathophysiology of disorders of - gut-brain interaction (DGBI) including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC). Accordingly, modulation of gut microbiota has been proposed as a potential treatment for these disorders. Gut microbiota modulation can be effected by probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantation (FMT) or bacteriotherapy. The latter is currently used for recurrent or severe Clostridium difficile colitis and has been the focus of recent research in IBS and FC. RECENT FINDINGS Several case series reported promising results for FMT in patients with IBS and FC, which prompted the conduction of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in these DGBI. SUMMARY Both case series and RCTs are herein discussed. To the best of our knowledge, as of yet, 5 RCTs have been published on IBS and one in FC with slow colonic transit. In IBS, the majority of studies have used the IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) as an outcome measure; however, the selection criteria were different among the trials as well as the route and form of administration of the FMT. Therefore, the results are inconsistent and no conclusion can be drawn. Some studies suggest that the presence of post-infection (PI)-IBS and the baseline microbiota status in the donors could be predictor factors of successful FMT in IBS. In constipation with slow colonic transit, the FMT seems to be more effective, although the data is based on only one RCT. We believe that larger RCTs, controlled with true placebos and considering baseline intestinal microbiota of the study subjects as well as donors' microbiota are still needed before recommending FMT in IBS and/or FC. History of previous GI infection (e.g. PI-IBS) and IBS subtypes should also be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mohammad Bashashati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
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Sperber AD, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S, Gerson C, Ghoshal UC, Gwee KA, Hungin APS, Kang JY, Minhu C, Schmulson M, Bolotin A, Friger M, Freud T, Whitehead W. The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of studies: a Rome Foundation working team literature review. Gut 2017; 66:1075-1082. [PMID: 26818616 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The global prevalence of IBS is difficult to ascertain, particularly in light of the heterogeneity of published epidemiological studies. The aim was to conduct a literature review, by experts from around the world, of community-based studies on IBS prevalence. DESIGN Searches were conducted using predetermined search terms and eligibility criteria, including papers in all languages. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated by combining separate population survey prevalence estimates to generate an overall combined meta-prevalence estimate. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed. RESULTS 1451 papers were returned and 83, including 288 103 participants in 41 countries, met inclusion criteria. The mean prevalence among individual countries ranged from 1.1% in France and Iran to 35.5% in Mexico. There was significant variance in pooled regional prevalence rates ranging from 17.5% (95% CI 16.9% to 18.2%) in Latin America, 9.6% (9.5% to 9.8%) in Asia, 7.1% (8.0% to 8.3%) in North America/Europe/Australia/New Zealand, to 5.8% (5.6% to 6.0%) in the Middle East and Africa. There was a significant degree of heterogeneity with the percentage of residual variation due to heterogeneity at 99.9%. CONCLUSIONS The main finding is the extent of methodological variance in the studies reviewed and the degree of heterogeneity among them. Based on this, we concluded that publication of a single pooled global prevalence rate, which is easily calculated, would not be appropriate or contributory. Furthermore, we believe that future studies should focus on regional and cross-cultural differences that are more likely to shed light on pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami D Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Dumitrascu
- 2nd Medical Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo Aoba, Japan
| | - Charles Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, Mind-Body Digestive Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGI), Lucknow, India
| | - Kok Ann Gwee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Pali S Hungin
- Durham University School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Wolfson Research Institute, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Jin-Yong Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chen Minhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arkady Bolotin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Friger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamar Freud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - William Whitehead
- Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Rezaie A, Buresi M, Lembo A, Lin H, McCallum R, Rao S, Schmulson M, Valdovinos M, Zakko S, Pimentel M. Hydrogen and Methane-Based Breath Testing in Gastrointestinal Disorders: The North American Consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:775-784. [PMID: 28323273 PMCID: PMC5418558 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breath tests (BTs) are important for the diagnosis of carbohydrate maldigestion syndromes and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). However, standardization is lacking regarding indications for testing, test methodology and interpretation of results. A consensus meeting of experts was convened to develop guidelines for clinicians and research. METHODS Pre-meeting survey questions encompassing five domains; indications, preparation, performance, interpretation of results, and knowledge gaps, were sent to 17 clinician-scientists, and 10 attended a live meeting. Using an evidence-based approach, 28 statements were finalized and voted on anonymously by a working group of specialists. RESULTS Consensus was reached on 26 statements encompassing all five domains. Consensus doses for lactulose, glucose, fructose and lactose BT were 10, 75, 25 and 25 g, respectively. Glucose and lactulose BTs remain the least invasive alternatives to diagnose SIBO. BT is useful in the diagnosis of carbohydrate maldigestion, methane-associated constipation, and evaluation of bloating/gas but not in the assessment of oro-cecal transit. A rise in hydrogen of ≥20 p.p.m. by 90 min during glucose or lactulose BT for SIBO was considered positive. Methane levels ≥10 p.p.m. was considered methane-positive. SIBO should be excluded prior to BT for carbohydrate malabsorption to avoid false positives. A rise in hydrogen of ≥20 p.p.m. from baseline during BT was considered positive for maldigestion. CONCLUSIONS BT is a useful, inexpensive, simple and safe diagnostic test in the evaluation of common gastroenterology problems. These consensus statements should help to standardize the indications, preparation, performance and interpretation of BT in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rezaie
- GI Motility Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA,Assistant Professor, Assistant Director, GI Motility Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8730 Alden Drive, Suite 2E, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA. E-mail:
| | - Michelle Buresi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry Lin
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Richard McCallum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Satish Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM)-Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Valdovinos
- GI Motility and Neurogastroenteroly Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salam Zakko
- Connecticut Gastroenterology Institute, Department of Medicine, Bristol Hospital, Bristol, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- GI Motility Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Schmulson M, Balbuena R, Corona de Lau C. Answer to Carmona R.: Are the anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin antibodies really ready for use in patients with diarrhea in Mexico? Regarding microscopic colitis. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Schmulson M, Balbuena R, Corona de Lau C. Answer to Carmona R.: Are the anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin antibodies really ready for use in patients with diarrhea in Mexico? Regarding microscopic colitis. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2017; 82:197-199. [PMID: 28318705 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México; Clínica Lomas Altas, SC, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - R Balbuena
- Laboratorio Biomédica de Referencia, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C Corona de Lau
- Laboratorio Biomédica de Referencia, Ciudad de México, México
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Orduña P, Lopez SY, Schmulson M, Arredondo R, de Leon SP, Lopez-Vidal Y. Corrigendum: A Survey Using the Social Networks Revealed Poor Knowledge on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 22:161. [PMID: 26717934 PMCID: PMC4699736 DOI: 10.5056/jnm22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bashashati M, Habibi HR, Keshavarzian A, Schmulson M, Sharkey KA. Intestinal microbiota: a regulator of intestinal inflammation and cardiac ischemia? Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:199-208. [PMID: 25601328 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150120104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing and remitting gastrointestinal (GI) disorders of unknown etiology. IBD patients commonly exhibit extra-intestinal manifestations and complications of an inflammatory nature, presenting with disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis and vasculitis. Although the metabolic syndrome is less prevalent in patients with IBD, they are at an increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Considerable evidence supports the role of GI microbiota in the development of IBD. Recent studies have also shown a significant interaction between the metabolites of gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular disease. Here we hypothesize that dysbiosis and/or abnormalities in the function of the intestinal microbiota promote cardiovascular disease in IBD patients, explaining the increased risk of cardiovascular events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keith A Sharkey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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Porras R, López-Colombo A, Schmulson M. Increase in Mexican and Latin American scientific articles on irritable bowel syndrome. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2015; 80:228-35. [PMID: 26271445 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an implied perception that little scientific information on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) comes out of Mexico and Latin America in the international medical literature, but the number and tendencies of articles from the region on IBS are not known. AIMS To determine the number and type of Mexican and Latin American articles on IBS published between 1990-2015. METHODS A systematic search of Medline was carried out employing the terms « Irritable Bowel Syndrome » or its abbreviation (IBS). Mexico and every other Latin American country were added to specify the search. The articles were selected if they were published in Mexico and/or the rest of Latin America, if they were international papers on IBS in the region, or if they were written by Mexican and/or Latin American authors. In addition, the articles were classified into the following categories: Reviews/Editorials/Letters to the Editor (REV/ED), Epidemiology/Quality of Life/Psychosocial Factors (EPI/QOL), Diagnostic (DX), Treatment (TX), and Translational/Pathophysiologic (TRANS) studies. RESULTS A total of 66 articles from Mexico and 47 from Latin America were identified, but only 87.7 and 48.9%, respectively, fit the selection criteria. Category distribution was: EPI/QOL: 36.2%, REV/ED: 27.5%, TRANS: 18.8, TX: 10%, and DX: 7.5% and was similar between Mexico and Latin America (p=0.33). The year 2005 saw an increase in the number of articles in Mexico, with a peak in 2010. The figures for Latin American articles remained stable over the years, with a peak in 2012. CONCLUSIONS A noticeable increase has been observed over the last decade in the research conducted on IBS in Mexico and Latin America. Even though the EPI/QOL studies predominate, the sophistication of research is reflected in the TRANS studies that are in third place of frequency. The information referred to herein demonstrates maturity in the field, making it possible to carry out consensuses based on local data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Porras
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México D.F., México
| | - A López-Colombo
- Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla de Zaragoza, Puebla, México
| | - M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México D.F., México.
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Porras R, López-Colombo A, Schmulson M. Increase in Mexican and Latin American scientific articles on irritable bowel syndrome. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Schmulson M. Does a low FODMAP diet improve symptoms in Mexican patients with IBS? Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2015; 80:177-179. [PMID: 26275634 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Hospital General de México. Dr. Balmis #148. Col. Doctores C.P. 06726. México D.F., México.
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Schmulson M. Does a low FODMAP diet improve symptoms in Mexican patients with IBS? Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Orduna P, Lopez SY, Schmulson M, Arredondo R, Ponce de Leon S, Lopez-Vidal Y. A survey using the social networks revealed poor knowledge on fecal microbiota transplantation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:294-5. [PMID: 25843083 PMCID: PMC4398230 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Orduna
- Programa de Inmunologia Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Sara Y Lopez
- Programa de Inmunologia Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Higado, Pancreas y Motilidad (HIPAM)-Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Hospital General de Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Rene Arredondo
- Programa de Inmunologia Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Samuel Ponce de Leon
- Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunologia Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico.,Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Gerson CD, Gerson MJ, Chang L, Corazziari ES, Dumitrascu D, Ghoshal UC, Porcelli P, Schmulson M, Wang WA, Zali M. A cross-cultural investigation of attachment style, catastrophizing, negative pain beliefs, and symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:490-500. [PMID: 25817055 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists regarding whether psychosocial variables in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) vary by geographic location. Adult attachment is an important psychological concept rooted in childhood relationship experience that has not been previously studied in IBS. Catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs have been described in IBS and may be affected by attachment. AIMS In this cross-cultural study, we determined: (i) whether attachment differs between IBS patients and controls, (ii) whether geographic location has a significant effect on attachment style, catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs, and (iii) how all three variables correlate with IBS symptom severity. METHODS 463 IBS patients, with moderate to severe symptom scores, and 192 healthy controls completed validated questionnaires about attachment, catastrophizing, negative pain beliefs and IBS-SSS in nine locations, USA (New York, Los Angeles), Mexico, Italy (Rome, Bari), Romania, Iran, India, and China. KEY RESULTS Attachment anxiety and avoidance scores were significantly higher in IBS patients than in controls (p < 0.001). This was particularly true for the fearful-avoidant attachment category, especially in China and Romania. Path analysis showed that attachment anxiety and avoidance had indirect effects on IBS-SSS through catastrophizing (p < 0.0001) and negative pain beliefs (p = 0.005). All three psychosocial measures varied significantly depending on location. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In the IBS population studied, attachment style was significantly different in IBS compared to a control population. Geographic differences in attachment, catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs were documented and their correlation with symptom severity and thus, research of psychosocial variables in IBS should take into account the location of the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Gerson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Schmulson M, Saps M, Bashashati M. Abnormal immune regulation in children with irritable bowel syndrome. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2015; 80:3-5. [PMID: 25686855 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Unit of Investigation in Experimental Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F., México.
| | - M Saps
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, Estados Unidos
| | - M Bashashati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, Estados Unidos
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Sperber AD, Gwee KA, Hungin AP, Corazziari E, Fukudo S, Gerson C, Ghoshal UC, Kang JY, Levy RL, Schmulson M, Dumitrascu D, Gerson MJ, Chen M, Myung SJ, Quigley EMM, Whorwell PJ, Zarzar K, Whitehead WE. Conducting multinational, cross-cultural research in the functional gastrointestinal disorders: issues and recommendations. A Rome Foundation working team report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:1094-102. [PMID: 25175998 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-cultural, multinational research can advance the field of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Cross-cultural comparative research can make a significant contribution in areas such as epidemiology, genetics, psychosocial modulators, symptom reporting and interpretation, extra-intestinal co-morbidity, diagnosis and treatment, determinants of disease severity, health care utilisation, and health-related quality of life, all issues that can be affected by geographical region, culture, ethnicity and race. AIMS To identify methodological challenges for cross-cultural, multinational research, and suggest possible solutions. METHODS This report, which summarises the full report of a working team established by the Rome Foundation that is available on the Internet, reflects an effort by an international committee of FGID clinicians and researchers. It is based on comprehensive literature reviews and expert opinion. RESULTS Cross-cultural, multinational research is important and feasible, but has barriers to successful implementation. This report contains recommendations for future research relating to study design, subject recruitment, availability of appropriate study instruments, translation and validation of study instruments, documenting confounders, statistical analyses and reporting of results. CONCLUSIONS Advances in study design and methodology, as well as cross-cultural research competence, have not matched technological advancements. The development of multinational research networks and cross-cultural research collaboration is still in its early stages. This report is intended to be aspirational rather than prescriptive, so we present recommendations, not guidelines. We aim to raise awareness of these issues and to pose higher standards, but not to discourage investigators from doing what is feasible in any particular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Sperber
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Schmulson M, Corazziari E, Ghoshal UC, Myung SJ, Gerson CD, Quigley EMM, Gwee KA, Sperber AD. A four-country comparison of healthcare systems, implementation of diagnostic criteria, and treatment availability for functional gastrointestinal disorders: a report of the Rome Foundation Working Team on cross-cultural, multinational research. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1368-85. [PMID: 25087451 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in healthcare provision around the world may impact how patients with functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGIDs) are investigated, diagnosed, and treated. However, these differences have not been reviewed. PURPOSES The Multinational Working Team of the Rome Foundation, established to make recommendations on the conduct of multinational, cross-cultural research in FGIDs, identified seven key issues that are analyzed herein: (i) coverage afforded by different healthcare systems/providers; (ii) level of the healthcare system where patients with FGIDs are treated; (iii) extent/types of diagnostic procedures typically undertaken to diagnose FGIDs; (iv) physicians' familiarity with and implementation of the Rome diagnostic criteria in clinical practice; (v) range of medications approved for FGIDs and approval process for new agents; (vi) costs involved in treating FGIDs; and (vii) prevalence and role of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) for FGIDs. Because it was not feasible to survey all countries around the world, we compared a selected number of countries based on their geographical and ethno-cultural diversity. Thus, we included Italy and South Korea as representative of nations with broad-based coverage of healthcare in the population and India and Mexico as newly industrialized countries where there may be limited provision of healthcare for substantial segments of the population. In light of the paucity of formal publications on these issues, we included additional sources from the medical literature as well as perspectives provided by local experts and the media. Finally, we provide future directions on healthcare issues that should be taken into account and implemented when conducting cross-cultural and multinational research in FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM)-Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Schmulson M, Bielsa MV, Carmona-Sánchez R, Hernández A, López-Colombo A, López Vidal Y, Peláez-Luna M, Remes-Troche JM, Tamayo JL, Valdovinos MA. [Gastrointestinal microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome; response to García-Mazcorro]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2014; 79:215-6. [PMID: 25216998 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México DF, México.
| | - M V Bielsa
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - R Carmona-Sánchez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Ángeles-CMP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Hernández
- Servicio de Endoscopia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México DF, México
| | - A López-Colombo
- Coordinación Delegacional de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Y López Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, México
| | - M Peláez-Luna
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México DF, México
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, México; Investigador Titular de Tiempo Completo, Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Facultad de Medicina Miguel Alemán Valdés, Veracruz, México
| | - J L Tamayo
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Hospital Civil de Culiacán, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - M A Valdovinos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México DF, México
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Bashashati M, Rezaei N, Shafieyoun A, McKernan DP, Chang L, Öhman L, Quigley EM, Schmulson M, Sharkey KA, Simrén M. Cytokine imbalance in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1036-48. [PMID: 24796536 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology; although infection and inflammation have recently been considered as important etiologic agents. A recent meta-analysis showed correlations between cytokine [interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] gene polymorphisms and IBS; however, it is still unknown whether patients with IBS have different cytokine profiles compared to healthy population. METHODS To determine the relationships between serum/plasma levels or mucosal expression of IL-10/TNF-α and IBS, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on case-control studies retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE search through August 2013. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was generated by using the inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was assessed based on I(2) values. KEY RESULTS Serum/plasma levels of TNF-α tended to be higher in IBS vs controls (p = 0.09); this reached significance in IBS subtypes vs controls and in female patients with IBS. However, serum/plasma levels of IL-10 were not significantly different in IBS patients vs controls. Further analysis of serum/plasma IL-10 levels in IBS subtypes did not show any difference; however, analysis based on gender showed a significantly lower serum/plasma IL-10 levels in male patients with IBS vs male controls (p = 0.02). Colonic IL-10 mRNA had a significantly lower expression in IBS vs control (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES There is an imbalance of proinflammatory TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory IL-10, cytokines in IBS. Stratifying IBS patients based on cytokine profile may represent an opportunity for personalized treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashashati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Schmulson M, Bielsa M, Carmona-Sánchez R, Hernández A, López-Colombo A, López Vidal Y, Peláez-Luna M, Remes-Troche J, Tamayo J, Valdovinos M. Gastrointestinal microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome; response to García-Mazcorro. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Schmulson M, Bielsa MV, Carmona-Sánchez R, Hernández A, López-Colombo A, López Vidal Y, Peláez-Luna M, Remes-Troche JM, Tamayo JL, Valdovinos MA. Microbiota, gastrointestinal infections, low-grade inflammation, and antibiotic therapy in irritable bowel syndrome: an evidence-based review. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2014; 79:96-134. [PMID: 24857420 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) prevalence, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), altered microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and antibiotic therapy in IBS are all controversial issues. AIMS To conduct an evidence-based review of these factors. METHODS A review of the literature was carried out up to July 2012, with the inclusion of additional articles as far as August 2013, all of which were analyzed through the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) system. RESULTS 1.There is greater SIBO probability in IBS when breath tests are performed, but prevalence varies widely (2-84%). 2.The gut microbiota in individuals with IBS is different from that in healthy subjects, but a common characteristic present in all the patients has not been established. 3.The incidence and prevalence of PI-IBS varies from 9-10% and 3-17%, respectively, and the latter decreases over time. Bacterial etiology is the most frequent but post-viral and parasitic cases have been reported. 4.A sub-group of patients has increased enterochromaffin cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and mast cells in the intestinal mucosa, but no differences between PI-IBS and non-PI-IBS have been determined. 5.Methanogenic microbiota has been associated with IBS with constipation. 6.Rifaximin at doses of 400mg TID/10days or 550mg TID/14days is effective treatment for the majority of overall symptoms and abdominal bloating in IBS. Retreatment effectiveness appears to be similar to that of the first cycle. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to determine the nature of the gut microbiota in IBS and the differences in low-grade inflammation between PI-IBS and non-PI-IBS. Rifaximin has shown itself to be effective treatment for IBS, regardless of prior factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México DF, México.
| | - M V Bielsa
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - R Carmona-Sánchez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Ángeles-CMP, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Hernández
- Servicio de Endoscopia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México DF, México
| | - A López-Colombo
- Coordinación Delegacional de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Y López Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, México
| | - M Peláez-Luna
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México DF, México
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, México; Facultad de Medicina «Miguel Alemán Valdés», Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - J L Tamayo
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Hospital Civil de Culiacán, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - M A Valdovinos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México DF, México
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Schmulson M, Bielsa MV, Carmona-Sánchez R, Hernández A, López-Colombo A, Vidal YL, Peláez-Luna M, Remes-Troche JM, Tamayo JL, Valdovinos MA. Microbiota, gastrointestinal infections, low-grade inflammation, and antibiotic therapy in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): an evidence-based review. Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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García Carrasco M, Mendoza Pinto C, López Colombo A, Méndez Martínez S, Andari Sawaya R, Muñoz Guarneros M, Vázquez De Lara L, Lescas Hernández M, Montiel Jarquín A, Ramos Álvarez G, Schmulson M. Irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in female patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency, related factors and quality of life. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:958-66. [PMID: 24112121 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) impairs quality of life (HRQOL), as does systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both are more common in women and are associated with fibromyalgia (FM). However, the relationship between IBS and SLE and its impact on HRQOL has not been explored. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequency and features likely to influence the presence of IBS-type symptoms in SLE and their impact on HRQOL. METHODS Female patients with SLE were studied. The presence of IBS-type symptoms and bowel habit subtype were established by Rome III criteria and HRQOL was assessed using the SF-36. Fibromyalgia and depression were assessed using the American College of Rheumatology criteria and CES-D scale, respectively. KEY RESULTS A total of 105 consecutive patients (43.62 ± 11.34 years old) were included; 48.6% had IBS-type symptoms (SLE+IBS) and were classified as IBS-C: 23.5%, IBS-D: 37.3%, and IBS-M: 39.2%. In addition, 23.8% had FM. SLE+IBS vs Non-IBS SLE patients had higher SLE activity scores (2.55 ± 1.65 vs 1.74 ± 2.19; p = 0.03), were more likely to have FM (33.0% vs 14.8%; p = 0.02) and depression (41.1% vs 25.9%, p = 0.04). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that IBS-type symptoms were associated with FM (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.11-7.43) and depression (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13). Finally, SLE+IBS vs Non-IBS SLE patients had lower SF-36 scores (49.65 ± 18.57 vs 62.67 ± 18.14; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES IBS-type symptoms are highly prevalent among women with SLE and are associated with FM and depression. SLE+IBS patients had worse HRQOL vs Non-IBS SLE, independently of FM status. We suggest that treating IBS symptoms may improve HRQOL in women with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México; Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
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Rodríguez-Fandiño O, Hernández-Ruíz J, López-Vidal Y, Charúa L, Bandeh-Moghaddam H, Minzoni A, Guzmán C, Schmulson M. Intestinal recruiting and activation profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation in patients with IBS. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:872-e699. [PMID: 23937411 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune activation, increased Toll-like Receptors (TLR) expression, and gut epithelial diffusion of bacterial molecules have been reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Thus, we sought to relate these factors by analyzing gut homing (integrin α4β7), intestinal recruiting (CCR5) and activation (CD28) phenotypes, and the cytokines and chemokines concentration in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes stimulated with TLR-ligands. METHODS Twenty-one IBS-Rome II (1 PI-IBS) patients and 19 controls were studied. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with and without Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN), and unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine motifs (CpG). Phenotypes were investigated by flow cytometry and supernatant cytokines and chemokines were also measured. KEY RESULTS After LPS, CCR5 expression in CD4⁺ α4β7⁺ cells remained unchanged in IBS, but decreased in controls (p = 0.002), to lower levels than in IBS (Mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]: 1590 ± 126.9 vs 2417 ± 88.4, p < 0.001). There were less CD8(+) α4β7⁺ CCR5⁺ cells (85.7 ± 1.5 vs 90.8 ± 0.9%, p = 0.006) after LPS and CD3⁺ α4β7⁺ CCR5⁺ (40.0 ± 1.7 vs 51.2 ± 4.3%, p = 0.006) after PGN in controls. Also, after LPS, CD28 decreased in CD4⁺ α4β7⁺ CCR5⁺ in IBS (MFI: 2337 ± 47.2 vs 1779 ± 179.2, p < 0.001), but not in controls. Cytokines and chemokines were similar, except for lower IL8/CXCL8 in the unstimulated condition in IBS (4.18, 95% CI: 3.94-4.42 vs 3.77, 3.59-3.95; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation of peripheral blood T cells expressing gut homing marker in IBS compared with controls resulted in an unsuccessful down-regulation of the co-expression of intestinal recruiting/residence phenotype and a state of activation. These findings support an interaction between an innate immune predisposition and microbial triggers, which may unleash or exacerbate IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rodríguez-Fandiño
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Hospital General de México, México Distrito Federal, México
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Schmulson M, Pulido-London D, Rodríguez Ó, Morales-Rochlin N, Martínez-García R, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, López-Alvarenga JC, Gutiérrez-Reyes G. IL-10 and TNF-α polymorphisms in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome in Mexico. Rev esp enferm dig 2013; 105:392-9. [DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082013000700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schmulson M. [Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in the 2013 DDW]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2013; 78 Suppl 1:34-36. [PMID: 24041052 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Profesor Titular de Medicina. Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
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García Carrasco M, Mendoza Pinto C, López-Colombo A, Méndez-Martínez S, Muñoz-Guarneros M, Ramos-Álvarez G, Munguía-Realpozo P, Etcheragay-Morales I, Montiel-Jarquín Á, Lescas-Hernández M, Vázquez de Lara L, Schmulson M. AB0411 The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health related quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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López-Alvarenga JC, Sobrino-Cossío S, Remes-Troche JM, Chiu-Ugalde J, Vargas-Romero JA, Schmulson M. Polar vectors as a method for evaluating the effectiveness of irritable bowel syndrome treatments: an analysis with pinaverium bromide 100mg plus simethicone 300mg po bid. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2013; 78:21-7. [PMID: 23375823 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habit. Currently there are no objective outcome measures for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for this disorder. AIMS To determine the usefulness of a method of analysis that employs polar vectors to evaluate the effectiveness of IBS treatments. METHODS Data from a Phase IV clinical study with 1677 active IBS-Rome III patients who received 100mg of pinaverium bromide+300mg of simethicone (PB+S) po bid for a period of four weeks were used for the analysis. Using the Bristol Stool Scale as a reference, the consistency and frequency of each type of bowel movement were recorded weekly in a Bristol Matrix (BM) and the data were expressed as polar vectors. RESULTS The analysis showed a differential response to the PB+S treatment among the IBS subtypes: in reference to the IBS with constipation subtype, the magnitude of the vector increased from 10.2 to 12.5, reaching maximum improvement at two weeks of treatment (p<0.05, Scheffé). In the IBS with diarrhea and mixed IBS subtypes, the magnitude of the vector decreased from 19 to 14 (p<0.05) and from 16.5 to 13 (p<0.05), respectively, with continuous improvement for a period of four weeks. There was no definable vectorial pattern in the unsubtyped IBS group. CONCLUSIONS Analysis with polar vectors enables treatment response to be measured in different IBS subtypes. All the groups showed improvement with PB+S, but each one had its own characteristic response in relation to vector magnitude and direction. The proposed method can be implemented in clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of IBS treatments.
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Schmulson M. [Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the 2012 DDW]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2012; 77 Suppl 1:50-52. [PMID: 22939481 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Profesor Titular de Medicina. Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad (HIPAM), Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
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Quigley EMM, Abdel-Hamid H, Barbara G, Bhatia SJ, Boeckxstaens G, De Giorgio R, Delvaux M, Drossman DA, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Guarner F, Gwee KA, Harris LA, Hungin APS, Hunt RH, Kellow JE, Khalif IL, Kruis W, Lindberg G, Olano C, Moraes-Filho JP, Schiller LR, Schmulson M, Simrén M, Tzeuton C. A global perspective on irritable bowel syndrome: a consensus statement of the World Gastroenterology Organisation Summit Task Force on irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012; 46:356-66. [PMID: 22499071 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e318247157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in western Europe and North America, and many aspects of its epidemiology, risk factors, and natural history have been described in these regions. Recent data suggest, however, that IBS is also common in the rest of the world and there has been some evidence to suggest some differences in demographics and presenting features between IBS in the west and as it is experienced elsewhere. The World Gastroenterology Organization, therefore, established a Task Force comprising experts on the topic from all parts of the world to examine IBS from a global perspective. IBS does, indeed, seem to be common worldwide though with some significant variations in prevalence rates between regions and countries and there may well be some potentially interesting variations in presenting symptoms and sex distribution. The global map of IBS is far from complete; community-based prevalence data is not available from many areas. Furthermore, while some general trends are evident in terms of IBS impact and demographics, international comparisons are hampered by differences in diagnostic criteria, study location and methodology; several important unanswered questions have been identified that should form the basis for future collaborative research and have the potential to shed light on this challenging disorder.
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Schmulson M, Pulido-London D, Rodriguez O, Morales-Rochlin N, Martinez-García R, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC, López-Alvarenga JC, Robles-Díaz G, Gutiérrez-Reyes G. Lower serum IL-10 is an independent predictor of IBS among volunteers in Mexico. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:747-53. [PMID: 22270083 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that altered immune activation, manifested by an imbalance in anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, exists in a subgroup of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. However, similar studies have not been conducted in Latin populations. The objective of this study was to measure serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in subjects fulfilling symptom criteria for IBS and controls. METHODS Volunteers (n=178) from a university population in Mexico City, participated in the study. Of the sample, 34.8% met Rome II criteria for IBS and 65.2% were designated as controls. Serum cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Analysis of covariance models were used to test main effects between gender, IBS symptoms, and bowel habit subtype to explain the cytokine serum levels. Statistical models were tested using body mass index as a covariate. RESULTS IL-10 levels were significantly lower in IBS vs. controls (mean (95% confidence interval): 15.6 (14.8, 16.3) vs. 18.6 (17.9, 19.4) pg/ml, P<0.001), while TNF-α levels were higher in IBS (20.9 (19.1, 23.0) vs. 17.9 (16.7, 19.3) pg/ml, P=0.010). IBS and female gender were independent predictors for IL-10 (P<0.05). In contrast, female gender was an independent predictor for TNF-α. In addition, women with IBS-D had the lowest IL-10 (P<0.001) and highest TNF-α (P=0.021) vs. other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The lower serum IL-10 in our subjects fulfilling IBS Rome II symptom criteria suggests an altered immune regulation. Further studies are needed to elucidate if a lower serum IL-10 may be useful as a biomarker for IBS in the Mexican population, especially for women with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility-HIPAM, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-UNAM, México City, México.
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López-Colombo A, Morgan D, Bravo-González D, Montiel-Jarquín A, Méndez-Martínez S, Schmulson M. The epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Mexico: a population-based study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:606174. [PMID: 22474443 PMCID: PMC3313569 DOI: 10.1155/2012/606174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. The frequency of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in the general population of Mexico is unknown. Methods. To determine the prevalence of FGIDs, associated depression, and health care utilization, a population-based sampling strategy was used to select 500 households in the State of Tlaxcala, in central Mexico. Household interviews were conducted by two trained physicians using the Rome II Modular Questionnaire, a health-care and medication used questionnaire and the CES-D depression scale. Results. The most common FGIDs were IBS: 16.0% (95% CI: 12.9-19.5); functional bloating: 10.8% (8.2-13.9); unspecified functional bowel disorder: 10.6% (8.0-13.6); and functional constipation (FC): 7.4% (5.3-10.1). Uninvestigated heartburn was common: 19.6% (16.2-23.4). All FGIDs were equally prevalent among both genders, except for IBS (P = 0.001), IBS-C (P < 0.001), IBS-A/M (P = 0.049), and FC (P = 0.039) which were more frequent in women. Subjects with FGIDs reported higher frequencies of medical visits: 34.6 versus 16.8%; use of medications: 40.7 versus 21.6%; (both P < 0.001); and reported depression: 26.7 versus 6.7%, (P < 0.001). Conclusion. In this first population-based study of FGIDs in Mexico, heartburn, IBS, functional distension, and FC were common. Only IBS, IBS-C, IBS-A/M, and FC were more frequent in women. Finally, FGIDs in Mexico had an increased burden of health care utilization and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio López-Colombo
- Puebla Research Coordination, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CP 72000 Puebla-PUE, Mexico
| | - Douglas Morgan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, USA
| | - Dalia Bravo-González
- Puebla Research Coordination, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CP 72000 Puebla-PUE, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Montiel-Jarquín
- Hospital General Regional Número 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CP 72090 Puebla-PUE, Mexico
| | - Socorro Méndez-Martínez
- Hospital General Regional Número 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CP 72090 Puebla-PUE, Mexico
| | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital General de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CP 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal bloating and distension are common symptoms in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), however, relatively little is known about their treatment. AIM To review the treatment trials for abdominal bloating and distension. METHODS A literature review in Medline for English-language publications through February 2010 of randomised, controlled treatment trials in adults. Study quality was assessed according to Jadad's score. RESULTS Of the 89 studies reviewed, 18% evaluated patients with functional dyspepsia, 61% with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 10% with chronic constipation and 10% with other FGIDs. No studies were conducted in patients diagnosed with functional abdominal bloating. The majority of trials investigated the efficacy of prokinetics or probiotics, although studies are heterogeneous with respect to diagnostic criteria and outcome measures. In general, bloating and/or distension were evaluated as secondary endpoints or as individual symptoms as part of a composite score rather than as primary endpoints. A greater proportion of IBS patients with constipation reported improvement in bloating with tegaserod vs. placebo (51% vs. 40%, P<0.0001) and lubiprostone (P<0.001). A greater proportion of nonconstipating IBS patients reported adequate relief of bloating with rifaximin vs. placebo (40% vs. 30%, P<0.001). Bloating was significantly reduced with the probiotics, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 (1×10(8) dose vs. placebo: -0.71 vs. -0.44, P<0.05) and B. animalis (live vs. heat-killed: -0.56±1.01 vs. -0.31±0.87, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Prokinetics, lubiprostone, antibiotics and probiotics demonstrate efficacy for the treatment of bloating and/or distension in certain FGIDs, but other agents have either not been studied adequately or have shown conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility, Department of Experimental Medicine-Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
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Remes Troche JM, Remes Troche JM, Tamayo de la Cuesta JL, Raña Garibay R, Huerta Iga F, Suarez Morán E, Schmulson M. [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of constipation in Mexico. A) Epidemiology (meta-analysis of the prevalence), pathophysiology and classification]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2011; 76:126-132. [PMID: 21724488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is a common problem in the general population and its prevalence is based on the diagnostic criteria, the study population and the research methodology for collecting the data. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To establish the clinical gudelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation in Mexico we have reviewed the epidemiological factors of constipation and have conducted meta-analysis according to the 3 available community-based studies from our country. In addition, evidence-based recommendations have been provided. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of functional constipation in Mexico is 14.4% (95% CI: 12.6-16.6%) according to Rome II and Rome III criteria. Although constipation is present in both genders and all age groups, it is more common among young women with a female to male ratio of 3:1. In our population, 43.6% report using laxatives, teas for stimulating bowel movements or fiber supplements, but only 18.0% did so because they considered themselves as constipated. Also, data from a tertiary referral center in Mexico City suggests that patients with prolonged colonic transit time have lower scores in the physical component of the SF-36 compared to those with chronic constipation and a normal colonic transit time. CONCLUSIONS Functional constipation is a very common problem in Mexico affecting mainly young women. Laxatives and other related agents are frequently used and this disorder seems to have a negative impact on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Remes Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, México.
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Rodríguez-Fandiño O, Hernández-Ruiz J, Schmulson M. From cytokines to toll-like receptors and beyond - current knowledge and future research needs in irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 16:363-73. [PMID: 21103418 PMCID: PMC2978389 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2010.16.4.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder in which psychosocial, cultural and biological factors, interact. Recent knowledge in the pathophysiology of IBS, seem to combine issues such as a low grade inflammation or immune activation and dysbiosis that can trigger or exacerbate IBS. On the other hand, stress mediated through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can produce motility abnormalities that can modify the microbiota as well, with the subsequent immune activation in the mucosa and stimulation of nerve terminals, generating symptoms of IBS. Also, we speculate that, stress, dysbiosis or an underlying genetic predisposition, may increase the epithelial permeability leading to a contact between pathogens-associated molecular patterns and toll-like receptors in the deeper layers of the gut, developing a host immunity response and IBS generation. We believe that the role of toll-like receptors in IBS and elucidating the communication processes between the immune and the nervous system, warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rodríguez-Fandiño
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Department of Experimental Medicine, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
| | | | - Max Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM), Department of Experimental Medicine, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
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