1
|
Pattison M, McKinstry C, Cox D, Boniface G, McLennan N. Platinum anniversary – 70 years of highlights and influences of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2022.2052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. McKinstry
- Rural Department of Allied Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - D. Cox
- University of Cumbria, Cumbria, UK
| | - G. Boniface
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N. McLennan
- Centre for Global Security & Governance Studies, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blair RV, Vaccari M, Doyle-Meyers LA, Roy CJ, Russell-Lodrigue K, Fahlberg M, Monjure CJ, Beddingfield B, Plante KS, Plante JA, Weaver SC, Qin X, Midkiff CC, Lehmicke G, Golden N, Threeton B, Penney T, Allers C, Barnes MB, Pattison M, Datta PK, Maness NJ, Birnbaum A, Fischer T, Bohm RP, Rappaport J. Acute Respiratory Distress in Aged, SARS-CoV-2-Infected African Green Monkeys but Not Rhesus Macaques. Am J Pathol 2021. [PMID: 33171111 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.157933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a wide range of disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to a life-threating illness, particularly in the elderly population and individuals with comorbid conditions. Among individuals with serious coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and often fatal presentation. Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection that manifest severe disease are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDS and evaluate therapeutic strategies. We report two cases of ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that had pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. Notable increases in circulating cytokines were observed in three of four infected, aged AGMs but not in infected RMs. All the AGMs had increased levels of plasma IL-6 compared with baseline, a predictive marker and presumptive therapeutic target in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2. Together, our results indicate that both RMs and AGMs are capable of modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that aged AGMs may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations, including ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lara A Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chad J Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Chris J Monjure
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Brandon Beddingfield
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jessica A Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Nadia Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | | | - Toni Penney
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mary B Barnes
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | | | - Prasun K Datta
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Angela Birnbaum
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Tracy Fischer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rudolf P Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blair RV, Vaccari M, Doyle-Meyers LA, Roy CJ, Russell-Lodrigue K, Fahlberg M, Monjure CJ, Beddingfield B, Plante KS, Plante JA, Weaver SC, Qin X, Midkiff CC, Lehmicke G, Golden N, Threeton B, Penney T, Allers C, Barnes MB, Pattison M, Datta PK, Maness NJ, Birnbaum A, Fischer T, Bohm RP, Rappaport J. Acute Respiratory Distress in Aged, SARS-CoV-2-Infected African Green Monkeys but Not Rhesus Macaques. Am J Pathol 2020; 191:274-282. [PMID: 33171111 PMCID: PMC7648506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a wide range of disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to a life-threating illness, particularly in the elderly population and individuals with comorbid conditions. Among individuals with serious coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and often fatal presentation. Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection that manifest severe disease are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19–induced ARDS and evaluate therapeutic strategies. We report two cases of ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that had pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. Notable increases in circulating cytokines were observed in three of four infected, aged AGMs but not in infected RMs. All the AGMs had increased levels of plasma IL-6 compared with baseline, a predictive marker and presumptive therapeutic target in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2. Together, our results indicate that both RMs and AGMs are capable of modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that aged AGMs may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations, including ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lara A Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chad J Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Chris J Monjure
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Brandon Beddingfield
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jessica A Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Nadia Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | | | - Toni Penney
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mary B Barnes
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | | | - Prasun K Datta
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Angela Birnbaum
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Tracy Fischer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rudolf P Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Cullen
- Central Veterinary Laboratory New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
von Zweck C, Klaiman D, Pattison M. International Standard Classification of Occupations survey report: Implications for the World Federation of Occupational Therapists. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2017.1367460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. von Zweck
- World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Klaiman
- World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Pattison
- World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Didier E, Sugimoto C, Bowers L, Bohm R, Gilbert M, Barnes M, Pattison M, Slisarenko N, Falkenstein K, Kuroda M. Immunologic profile changes associated with aging in rhesus macaques (104.2). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.104.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a public health concern. This study was to characterize the peripheral immune system in rhesus macaques of varying ages. Flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine levels were evaluated in blood from 35 monkeys (3.2-20 years old). Linear regression was used to define statistically significant changes (i.e. P<0.05) with age. Significant declines were observed in numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes in blood with increasing age. No changes in numbers of monocytes, dendritic cells (DC), RBCs, or platelets were noted. Among lymphocytes, B cell numbers declined while NK cells and T cells were unchanged with increasing age. Within the T cell population, however, significant declines in naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and γδ+T cells were seen with increasing age, whereas the number of CD8+ effector-memory T cells increased with age. Numbers of DCs did not change with advancing age, but the turnover rate of pDCs was higher in the 18-20 year-old group compared to younger groups. Of the cytokines tested in plasma using the Milliplex non-human primate cytokine (23-mer) kit, TNF-α, IL-2, MCP-1, sCD40L, TGF-α, VEGF, and IL-18 levels significantly increased with increasing age whereas IL-5 was the only cytokine tested that decreased with increasing age. These early results provide a basis to further characterize immunosenescence in a non-human primate model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Bowers
- 1Tulane National Primate Res. Center, Covington, LA
| | - Rudolf Bohm
- 1Tulane National Primate Res. Center, Covington, LA
| | | | - Mary Barnes
- 1Tulane National Primate Res. Center, Covington, LA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gaufin T, Pattison M, Gautam R, Stoulig C, Dufour J, MacFarland J, Mandell D, Tatum C, Marx MH, Ribeiro RM, Montefiori D, Apetrei C, Pandrea I. Effect of B-cell depletion on viral replication and clinical outcome of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in a natural host. J Virol 2009; 83:10347-57. [PMID: 19656874 PMCID: PMC2753117 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00880-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected African nonhuman primates do not progress to AIDS in spite of high and persistent viral loads (VLs). Some authors consider the high viral replication observed in chronic natural SIV infections to be due to lower anti-SIV antibody titers than those in rhesus macaques, suggesting a role of antibodies in controlling viral replication. We therefore investigated the impact of antibody responses on the outcome of acute and chronic SIVagm replication in African green monkeys (AGMs). Nine AGMs were infected with SIVagm.sab. Four AGMs were infused with 50 mg/kg of body weight anti-CD20 (rituximab; a gift from Genentech) every 21 days, starting from day -7 postinfection up to 184 days. The remaining AGMs were used as controls and received SIVagm only. Rituximab-treated AGMs were successfully depleted of CD20 cells in peripheral blood, lymph nodes (LNs), and intestine, as shown by the dynamics of CD20+ and CD79a+ cells. There was no significant difference in VLs between CD20-depleted AGMs and control monkeys: peak VLs ranged from 10(7) to 10(8) copies/ml; set-point values were 10(4) to 10(5) SIV RNA copies/ml. Levels of acute mucosal CD4+ T-cell depletion were similar for treated and nontreated animals. SIVagm seroconversion was delayed for the CD20-depleted AGMs compared to results for the controls. There was a significant difference in both the timing and magnitude of neutralizing antibody responses for CD20-depleted AGMs compared to results for controls. CD20 depletion significantly altered the histological structure of the germinal centers in the LNs and Peyer's patches. Our results, although obtained with a limited number of animals, suggest that humoral immune responses play only a minor role in the control of SIV viral replication during acute and chronic SIV infection in natural hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaidra Gaufin
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaufin T, Gautam R, Kasheta M, Ribeiro R, Ribka E, Barnes M, Pattison M, Tatum C, MacFarland J, Montefiori D, Kaur A, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Limited ability of humoral immune responses in control of viremia during infection with SIVsmmD215 strain. Blood 2009; 113:4250-61. [PMID: 19168789 PMCID: PMC2676085 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-09-177741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of rhesus macaque (RM) B-cell depletion before inoculation with the isolate SIVsmmD215. Seven RMs were treated every 3 weeks with 50 mg/kg of an anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab) starting 7 days before inoculation for 2 (n = 4) and 5 (n = 3) months. Four control animals received no antibody. Three animals were completely depleted of CD20(+) B cells, but 4 were only partially depleted of CD20 cells in the LNs and intestine. The decrease in antibody production was consistent with the efficacy of tissue CD20 depletion. Seroconversion and neutralizing antibody production was significantly delayed in animals showing complete tissue CD20 depletion and remained at low titers in all CD20-depleted RMs. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in acute or chronic viral loads between CD20-depleted and control animal groups. There was a tendency for lower viral set points in CD20-depleted animals. At 6 weeks after inoculation, cellular immune responses were significantly stronger in CD20-depleted animals than in controls. There was no significant difference in survival between CD20-depleted and control animals. Our data suggest that a deficiency of Ab responses did not markedly affect viral replication or disease progression and that they may be compensated by more robust cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaidra Gaufin
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pattison M, Alexander DJ, Harkness JW. Purification and preliminary characterisation of a pathogenic strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Pathol 2008; 4:175-87. [PMID: 18777306 DOI: 10.1080/03079457509353864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A pathogenic strain of infectious bursal disease virus has been purified by density gradient centrifugation, principally on sucrose and tartrate gradients. Examination of gradient peak fractions by electron microscopy has revealed two populations of particles of average size 62 nm and 20 nm, which band together on sucrose and tartrate gradients. Purified virus has been shown to reproduce the typical symptoms and lesions of infectious bursal disease. The possible classification of the larger virus particle in the diplornavirus group and the origin of the smaller particle are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pattison
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, England
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Serological testing of turkey flocks in Great Britain was undertaken as a result of the isolation of an avian paramyxovirus of serotype PMV-3 from turkeys in 1981 (Macpherson et al., 1983). Turkeys on two of four farms with egg production problems examined for PMV-3 haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies in 1981 were positive. Turkeys on 34 farms were tested for PMV-3 antibodies in 1982. Seven of 16 flocks showing egg production problems and/or respiratory disease were considered positive for PMV-3 (mean log(2) HI titre >/= 2.5), but five of 18 flocks with no reported disease were also positive for PMV-3 antibodies. On one turkey farm the appearance of PMV-3 antibodies and an isolation of a PMV-3 virus coincided with egg production problems. Analysis of HI titres in turkeys vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and unvaccinated birds suggested that significant NDV HI titres are unlikely to be recorded as a result of PMV-3 virus infections of unvaccinated birds. However, while NDV vaccination prior to PMV-3 infection apparently caused slight suppression of the PMV-3 immune response, the HI titres to NDV were boosted considerably in direct relationship to the PMV-3 titre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Alexander
- Poultry Department, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey, England
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
MacDonald J, Dagless M, McMartin D, Randall C, Pattison M, Early J, Aubrey S. Field observations on serological responses to vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus administered by coarse spray and via the drinking water. Avian Pathol 2008; 11:537-46. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458208436128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Pandrea IV, Gautam R, Ribeiro RM, Brenchley JM, Butler IF, Pattison M, Rasmussen T, Marx PA, Silvestri G, Lackner AA, Perelson AS, Douek DC, Veazey RS, Apetrei C. Acute loss of intestinal CD4+ T cells is not predictive of simian immunodeficiency virus virulence. J Immunol 2007; 179:3035-46. [PMID: 17709518 PMCID: PMC2367134 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The predictive value of acute gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) CD4+ T cell depletion in lentiviral infections was assessed by comparing three animal models illustrative of the outcomes of SIV infection: pathogenic infection (SIVsmm infection of rhesus macaques (Rh)), persistent nonprogressive infection (SIVagm infection of African green monkeys (AGM)), and transient, controlled infection (SIVagm infection of Rh). Massive acute depletion of GALT CD4+ T cells was a common feature of acute SIV infection in all three models. The outcome of this mucosal CD4+ T cell depletion, however, differed substantially between the three models: in SIVsmm-infected Rh, the acute GALT CD4+ T cell depletion was persistent and continued with disease progression; in SIVagm, intestinal CD4+ T cells were partially restored during chronic infection in the context of normal levels of apoptosis and immune activation and absence of damage to the mucosal immunologic barrier; in SIVagm-infected Rh, complete control of viral replication resulted in restoration of the mucosal barrier and immune restoration. Therefore, our data support a revised paradigm wherein severe GALT CD4+ T cell depletion during acute pathogenic HIV and SIV infections of humans and Rh is necessary but neither sufficient nor predictive of disease progression, with levels of immune activation, proliferation and apoptosis being key factors involved in determining progression to AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivona V Pandrea
- Divisions of Comparative Pathology and Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Payne L, Holmes A, Howes K, Pattison M, Walters D. Studies on the associations between natural infection of hens, cocks and their progeny with lymphoid leukosis virus. Avian Pathol 2007; 8:411-24. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457908418368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Grice AC, Campbell SD, McKenzie JR, Whiteman LV, Pattison M, Headricks K, Andrew MH. Problems of population structure exemplified by the invasive tropical shrub Parkinsonia aculeata l. in northern Australia. Rangel J 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/rj04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-class frequency distributions are valuable means of describing plant populations because they can be used to infer population history. Variables other than age are also often used to describe plant populations, either because they more accurately reflect an attribute of interest, or because it is difficult to determine age. However, interpretation of frequency distributions based on variables other than age can be problematic. We discuss these problems and illustrate them using data from six populations of the invasive rangeland shrub Parkinsonia aculeata L. We used three different measures of plant size: height, canopy diameter and stem cross-sectional area. Structures based on these measures were compared with structures based on three different estimates of above-ground biomass derived from them. For each variable, structures differed greatly between populations, and for each population, they were strongly dependent on the variable used to describe it. Population structures based on three-dimensional variables (above-ground biomass) tend to be more strongly positively skewed than those based on two-dimensional (area) measures of plant size. These in turn are more strongly positively skewed than those based on one-dimensional (height, diameter) measures. The statistical basis of this general phenomenon is discussed. The results highlight the difficulties of deriving histories and projecting futures of populations from size-class frequency distributions without accompanying knowledge of the temporal patterns of change in size variables as plants grow.
Collapse
|
15
|
Combeer A, Pattison M. Unfinished business. Anaesthesia 2003; 58:185. [PMID: 12562416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Pattison
- Franciscan Health System, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Shreeve JE, Toszeghy M, Pattison M, Newell DG. Sequential spread of Campylobacter infection in a multipen broiler house. Avian Dis 2000; 44:983-8. [PMID: 11195658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Generally, colonization with Campylobacter jejuni is first detected in broilers 2-3 wk after hatching. Once introduced into a flock, this infection spreads very rapidly. The sources and routes of transmission of C. jejuni in broilers remain debatable. In this study, the spread of infection was monitored in a commercial multipen broiler house in which birds were contained in discrete groups and sampled sequentially. Colonization was monitored in two broiler flocks up to slaughter. Serotyping and fla typing methods were applied to differentiate all the C. jejuni strains isolated. In flock 1, colonization was first detected at 32 days of age in birds located at the rear of the house. By 40 days, nearly all the birds were infected with the same strain (fla type 1.9). However, at 46 days of age, a second strain (fla type 3.7) was detected in some of the birds. These birds were also located toward the rear of the house. In flock 2, infection was detected at 5 wk of age. This infection was once again first detected in birds located at the rear of the house. In this flock, only a single fla type (1.1) was isolated throughout. A survey of the broiler house relative to the location of first point of infection indicated the use of an entrance door unprotected by boot dips. However, securing this door during the second flock study did not prevent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Shreeve
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Abstract
The surface area of 99 leg ulcers was measured from a scaled photograph using a computerized ultrasonic digitizer. This was compared with the area obtained by multiplying the two maximal perpendicular diameters of each ulcer. There was an extremely good correlation between these two methods (r = 0.951). Seventy-four patients were followed up as part of a placebo-controlled double-blind study. In this study, treatment was assessed by the time taken for the ulcerated limb to heal completely. The initial ulcer size was found to be a weak predictor of subsequent ulcer healing (r = 0.49). The healing rates of individual ulcers calculated over 1 month intervals from presentation proved to be a poor predictor of the time required for complete ulcer healing (Spearman rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.61). The healing curves of individual ulcers showed considerable fluctuations during the process of healing. The product of the maximal dimensions of an ulcer provides an easy and accurate method of monitoring treatment. The reduction in ulcer size within a set time interval, used in many ulcer studies, is a poor predictor of eventual ulcer healing. The percentage of ulcers completely healed within a pre-determined time interval is a better method of assessing new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Stacey
- Department of Surgery, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Eighty-five limbs in 73 patients with a healed venous ulcer were assessed by ascending and descending phlebography, foot volume plethysmography and transcutaneous oxygen measurements. Forty-four limbs had post-thrombotic changes on ascending phlebography. In 24 (28 per cent) these extended into the femoral vein, while in 20 (24 per cent) only the calf veins were involved. In the 41 limbs (48 per cent) with normal deep veins on ascending phlebography, 11 had evidence of localized incompetence of the calf communicating veins, 14 had either long saphenous incompetence, deep vein reflux to the level of the knee or below, or both of these abnormalities, and 16 limbs had no phlebographic abnormalities. However all limbs had a decreased half volume refilling time on foot volume plethysmography. Limbs with post-thrombotic changes extending into the femoral vein were associated with a significantly longer history of ulceration and more ulcer recurrences than limbs with calf vein damage (P less than 0.05 for each) and limbs with normal deep veins (P less than 0.01 for each). However, these limbs did not have lower transcutaneous oxygen ratios or longer times to achieve ulcer healing. Ascending phlebography identified a group of limbs with extensive post-thrombotic changes in which there was a higher incidence of ulcer breakdown, but this was not associated with a delay in ulcer healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Stacey
- Department of Surgery, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Transcutaneous oxygen tension (Ptc,O2) was assessed as an indicator of risk of reulceration in 68 limbs with healed venous ulcers. Ptc,O2 was also used to assess two methods of ulcer prophylaxis. Measurements were made over the gaiter skin, the healed ulcer and the upper arm. The results were expressed as a ratio of the lower limb readings over those taken from the arm. Patients were randomized, after the ulcer had healed, to elastic stockings and stanozolol, or elastic stockings and surgical ligation of incompetent superficial veins. Patients who declined to participate in the study were prescribed elastic stockings only. Those limbs remaining healed at 12 months had Ptc,O2 ratios remeasured. The Ptc,O2 ratios from limbs that reulcerated were not significantly lower than those from limbs remaining healed. The Ptc,O2 ratio was significantly increased in limbs treated by stanozolol and elastic stockings (P less than 0.05) and by surgery and elastic stockings (P less than 0.05). There was no significant increase in Ptc,O2 in limbs treated by elastic stockings alone. In those treated by surgery and elastic stockings, there was a significant improvement in limbs with normal deep veins (P less than 0.01), but not in limbs with post-thrombotic changes on ascending phlebography. Although these two methods of ulcer prophylaxis improve the Ptc,O2 ratio, a high ratio has not been shown to be beneficial in preventing ulcer recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Stacey
- Department of Surgery, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Chickens on 14 broiler breeder farms were examined at various times throughout their laying cycle. Antibodies to the turkey rhinotracheitis virus were common although they were not always accompanied by clinical signs of the swollen head syndrome. Ninety-nine broiler flocks were tested of which only 20 were serologically positive to the virus. Some of these infections were subclinical. On nine farms where swollen head syndrome occurred several successive flocks were sampled; the syndrome occurred intermittently.
Collapse
|
25
|
Larson DB, Donahue MJ, Lyons JS, Benson PL, Pattison M, Worthington EL, Blazer DG. Religious affiliations in mental health research samples as compared with national samples. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989; 177:109-11. [PMID: 2915215 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198902000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Religious affiliations of patients in research samples in four major psychiatric journals for the years 1978-1982 were compared with those reported in national samples. Protestants and the unaffiliated were underrepresented, whereas Jewish persons were overrepresented. Catholics used mental health services in proportions similar to their presence in the population at large. These findings suggest that religious affiliation may influence the use of mental health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Larson
- Division of Biometry and Applied Sciences, NIMH, Rockville, MD 20857
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stacey MC, Burnand KG, Layer GT, Pattison M. Calf pump function in patients with healed venous ulcers is not improved by surgery to the communicating veins or by elastic stockings. Br J Surg 1988; 75:436-9. [PMID: 3390674 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800750514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calf muscle pump function was assessed in 41 limbs after venous ulcers had healed. Treatment was then randomized either to ligation of incompetent lower leg communicating veins and ablation of incompetent superficial veins combined with permanent graduated compression elastic stockings, or to graduated compression elastic stockings only. Half volume refilling time (TV1/2) and relative expelled volume (EVrel) measured on foot volume plethysmography were used to assess calf muscle pump function. This was repeated after 12 months. The initial TV1/2 and EVrel were significantly lower than for normal limbs. There was no significant improvement in TV1/2 in either treatment group (Student's t test, P = 0.78, P = 0.19). EVrel did not improve significantly in limbs treated with elastic stockings alone (P = 0.94), but there was a slight but significant improvement in EVrel in limbs treated with surgery and elastic stockings (P = 0.048); however, this was still significantly below the normal range (P less than 0.001). In limbs without phlebographic evidence of post-thrombotic changes, treated with the combination of surgery and elastic stockings, there was a significant improvement in EVrel (P = 0.035), but no improvement was found in limbs with post-thrombotic changes. This small but significant improvement in EVrel in limbs without post-thrombotic changes treated by surgery and elastic stockings may explain the reduced incidence of reulceration that has been found following surgical eradication of the superficial and communicating veins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Stacey
- Department of Surgery, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Layer G, Cederholm-Williams S, Gaffney P, Houlbrook S, Mahmoud M, Pattison M, Burnand K. Urokinase—the enzyme responsible for invasion and metastasis in human breast carcinoma? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0268-9499(87)90042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Forty-seven patients with unilateral venous ulceration have been investigated to determine if any abnormalities were present in the contralateral limbs which had not had lipodermatosclerosis or ulceration. Ascending phlebography in the non-ulcerated limbs showed post-thrombotic changes in 28 per cent and incompetent lower leg communicating veins in 19 per cent. This incidence was not significantly different to the limbs with healed ulceration (45 and 23 per cent respectively, chi 2 test, P = 0.10). Half volume refilling time measured by foot volumetry suggested that 79 per cent of the non-ulcerated limbs had evidence of deep vein incompetence or incompetent lower leg communicating veins, which was again similar to the incidence in the previously ulcerated limbs (85 per cent). Transcutaneous oxygen readings, expressed as a ratio of a reading at a standard site in the gaiter region of the leg over a reading from the upper arm, were significantly lower in non-ulcerated limbs (mean 0.84 +/- 0.26 s.d.) than in a cohort of age and sex matched controls (mean 1.02 +/- 0.14, Student's t test, P less than 0.001), and significantly higher than in previously ulcerated limbs (mean 0.68 +/- 0.31, P less than 0.01). Abnormalities in venous anatomy and function have been shown, in conjunction with evidence of reduced oxygen diffusion, through the gaiter skin before overt skin changes develop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Stacey
- Department of Surgery, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Abstract
Increased levels of tissue fibrinolytic activity have been detected in some malignant tumours and they have been implicated in metastatic spread. We have investigated tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (UK) in 26 breast carcinomas and 13 benign breast biopsies. Tissue extracts were analysed for overall fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates and by fibrin-overlay zymography after electrophoresis on SDS-PAG. Supernatants of the extracts were analysed by an antigenic immunoassay (ELISA) and a functional bioimmunoassay (BIA) using polyclonal antibodies. Total ELISA and BIA results correlated (P less than 0.001) and all the tissues contained similar tPA levels. Malignant extracts contained significantly increased UK compared with benign extracts (1.60 +/- 0.37 iu, 0.36 +/- 0.16 iu; P less than 0.002). Zymography showed no high molecular weight inhibitor complexes and UK was almost exclusively confined to the malignant tissues (P much less than 0.02). The results suggest that malignant transformation of breast tissue is associated with the significantly increased production of UK. This may be responsible for the characteristics of malignancy or it may be a growth factor.
Collapse
|
31
|
Layer G, Pattison M, Burnand K. Plasminogen activators in human colorectal neoplasia. West J Med 1986. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.293.6556.1241-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
32
|
Randall CJ, Macdonald JW, Mills CP, Kirkpatrick KS, Pattison M. Proventricular haemorrhages in broilers. Vet Rec 1985; 117:273-4. [PMID: 3877369 DOI: 10.1136/vr.117.11.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
33
|
Pattison M. Newcastle disease: what now? Vet Rec 1985; 116:276. [PMID: 3992828 DOI: 10.1136/vr.116.10.276-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
34
|
Abstract
In the hope that some varieties of the post-phlebitic syndrome might be treated by implanting a preserved vein valve, studies have been made of the mechanical properties of vein valves and vein wall before and after preservation with glutaraldehyde. The ultimate tensile strength (breaking stress) and strain (extensibility) of strips of vein wall and valve leaflet were measured with a Nene tensiometer. The ultimate tensile strength of valve leaflet was found to be twice that of vein wall. Preservation in glutaraldehyde (0.2 per cent, pH 7.4, for 7 days) with valve cusps closed by a minimum head of pressure caused no change in breaking stress or extensibility.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stewart G, Pattison M, Burnand KG. Abnormal fibrinolysis: the cause of lipodermatosclerosis or "chronic cellulitis" in patients with primary lymphedema. Lymphology 1984; 17:23-7. [PMID: 6717074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Blood fibrinolytic activity was measured in 20 patients with primary lymphedema, ten without and ten with skin changes usually attributed to "chronic cellulitis". The patients with abnormal skin showed reduced fibrinolytic activity, a finding previously described in patients with chronic venous disease and lipodermatosclerosis . It is postulated that changes of "chronic cellulitis" are identical to lipodermatosclerosis and are produced by a similar mechanism, namely reduced fibrinolysis.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
Briles WE, Briles RW, Pollock DL, Pattison M. Marek's disease resistance of B (MHC) heterozygotes in a cross of purebred Leghorn lines. Poult Sci 1982; 61:205-11. [PMID: 7088788 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0610205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
39
|
Payne L, Holmes AE, Howes K, Pattison M, Pollock D, Walters D. Further studies on the eradication and Epizootiology of lymphoid leukosis virus infection in a commercial strain of chickens. Avian Pathol 1982; 11:145-62. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458208436089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Alexander D, Gough R, Pattison M. A long-term study of the pathogenesis of infection of fowls with three strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Res Vet Sci 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abstract
Chickens infected experimentally with infectious bursal agent (IBA) during embryonation or early after hatching show a severe depression of bursa-dependent lymphoid components, and associated immune functions. Data presented here and elsewhere show that the degree of B cell suppression correlates with the time of infection. This would be compatible with a virus-induced block in B lymphocyte differentiation. Accordingly, the virus may be cytopathic for early (bursal) but not late (circulating) B lymphocytes or, more likely, the virus inactivates those non-lymphoid bursal cells mediating lymphocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hudson
- Department of Immunology, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Collings DF, Fitton J, Alexander DJ, Harkness JW, Pattison M. Preliminary characterisation of paramyxovirus isolated from a parrot. Res Vet Sci 1975; 19:219-21. [PMID: 1166130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A virus, designated 0121, which was isolated from a parrot, was shown to be a paramyxovirus, which was serologically related to the paramyxoviruses Bangor/flinch/N. Ireland/73 (Bangor) and Yucaipa/chicken/California/60(PMY). However, the 0121 virus differed in several properties from both the PMY and the Bangor viruses. The virus was not pathogenic for chickens. I was designated Paramyxovirus: Parrot/England/0121/74.
Collapse
|
45
|
Harkness JW, Alexander DJ, Pattison M, Scott AC. Infectious bursal disease agent: morphology by negative stain electron microscopy. Arch Virol 1975; 48:63-73. [PMID: 50057 DOI: 10.1007/bf01320566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The virus of infectious bursal disease of chickens was studied by immune electron microscopy. Negatively-stained preparations revealed morphological similarities with both the bluetongue virus group, and the virus of infectious pancreatic necrosis of trout. Results indicated that the small particle found in such preparations is a degradation product of the large particle.
Collapse
|
46
|
Blandford TB, Seamon PJ, Hughes R, Pattison M, Wilderspin MP. A case of polytetrafluoroethylene poisoning in cockatiels accompanied by polymer fume fever in the owner. Vet Rec 1975; 96:175-8. [PMID: 1119084 DOI: 10.1136/vr.96.8.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Five cocatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) died within 30 minutes following exposure to fumes from a frying pan coated with the "non-stick" plastic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that had accidentally overheated. Within an hour the owner developed symptoms of "polymer fume fever" but recovered in the next 24 hours. Clinical signs and post mortem lesions of the cockatiels are described and reference is made to the unusual susceptibility of parakeets to the pyrolysis products of frying pans coated with PTFE.
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Patterson DS, Sweasey D, Roberts BA, Pattison M. The protective effect of promethazine treatment against photoperoxidation of lipids in turkey eyes. Exp Eye Res 1974; 19:267-72. [PMID: 4423476 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(74)90145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
49
|
Pattison M, Allan WH. Infection of chicks with infectious bursal disease and its effect on the carrier state with Newcastle disease virus. Vet Rec 1974; 95:65-6. [PMID: 4374792 DOI: 10.1136/vr.95.3.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
50
|
Pattison M, Sweasey D, Patterson DS. Photodynamic lipid peroxidation in the eye during the experimental induction of turkey blindness syndrome. Exp Eye Res 1973; 16:191-9. [PMID: 4724688 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(73)90213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|