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Pullen SJ, Herman AR, Lange BC, Christian-Brathwaite N, Ulloa M, Kempeh MP, Karnga DG, Fallah MP, Menyongai J, Harris B, Alonso Y, Henderson DC, Borba CP. Towards a better understanding of attitudes and beliefs held by traditional healers and recipients of traditional medicine concerning mental health conditions in post-conflict Liberia: a qualitative investigation. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1396-1409. [PMID: 35222605 PMCID: PMC8843300 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of attitudes and beliefs held by traditional healers and utilizers of traditional medicine concerning mental health conditions in Liberia is important as Liberia seeks to improve its delivery of mental healthcare in the context of scarce resources and recovery from civil war. Methods A qualitative research design was used to collect data from 24 Liberian traditional healers, and 11 utilizers of Liberian traditional medicine. Participants were queried about mental health problems in Liberia, treatments, and attitudes towards modern healthcare. Qualitative data were probed and aggregated using content analysis. Results Mental health problems described by study participants included: Open Mole, African Science, Epilepsy, Depression and Mental Illness (trauma/substance use). Mental health problems were often associated with socioeconomic distress, and participants described their attitudes and beliefs concerning mental healthcare, traditional medicine, and modern healthcare. Conclusion Traditional medicine is an important part of mental healthcare in Africa. Mental illness, social factors, and healthcare access were important problems in Liberia. Mental health problems blended local cultural beliefs with Westernized nosology and social factors. Traditional healer's attitudes towards Western medicine reflected ambivalence. There is a desire for collaboration with ‘modern’ health care providers, but this will require reciprocal trust-building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Pullen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Family Mental Health and Community Psychiatry, Durham, NC.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | | | - Brittany Cl Lange
- University of Oxford - Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford, England
| | | | - Melissa Ulloa
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, 82 Washington Square E, New York, NY 10003
| | - Michael P Kempeh
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa
| | - Dyujay G Karnga
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa
| | - Mosoka P Fallah
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa.,National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Benjamin Harris
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa
| | - Yadira Alonso
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - David C Henderson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Christina Pc Borba
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gilbón
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Research, National University of Mexico (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510
| | - C. Huitrón
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Research, National University of Mexico (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510
| | | | - M. Ulloa
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, National University of Mexico (UNAM), México, D.F. 04510
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Garcés M, Ulloa M, Miranda A, Bravo LA. Physiological and ultrastructural characterisation of a desiccation-tolerant filmy fern, Hymenophyllum caudiculatum: Influence of translational regulation and ABA on recovery. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:288-295. [PMID: 29105969 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The filmy fern Hymenophyllum caudiculatum can lose 60% of its relative water content, remain dry for some time and recover 88% of photochemical efficiency after 30 min of rehydration. Little is known about the protective strategies and regulation of the cellular rehydration process in this filmy fern species. The aim of this study was to characterise the filmy fern ultrastructure during a desiccation-rehydration cycle, and measure the physiological effects of transcription/translation inhibitors and ABA during desiccation recovery. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare changes in structure during fast or slow desiccation. Transcription (actinomycin D) and translation (cycloheximide) inhibitors and ABA were used to compare photochemical efficiency during desiccation recovery. Cell structure was conserved during slow desiccation and rehydration, constitutive properties of the cell wall, allowing invagination and folding of the membranes and an important change in chloroplast size. The use of a translational inhibitor impeded recovery of photochemical efficiency during the first 80 min of rehydration, but the transcriptional inhibitor had no effect. Exogenous ABA delayed photochemical inactivation, and endogenous ABA levels decreased during desiccation and rehydration. Frond curling and chloroplast movements are possible strategies to avoid photodamage. Constitutive membrane plasticity and rapid cellular repair can be adaptations evolved to tolerate a rapid recovery during rehydration. Further research is required to explore the importance of existing mRNAs during the first minutes of recovery, and ABA function during desiccation of H. caudiculatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcés
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Bioren, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Ulloa
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Bioren, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Miranda
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Bioren, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - L A Bravo
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Bioren, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Ulloa M, Portillo W, Díaz NF, Young LJ, Camacho FJ, Rodríguez VM, Paredes RG. Mating and social exposure induces an opioid-dependent conditioned place preference in male but not in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Horm Behav 2018; 97:47-55. [PMID: 29111331 PMCID: PMC5803795 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, sexual stimulation induces a positive affective state that is evaluated by the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Opioids are released during sexual behavior and modulate the rewarding properties of this behavior. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are a socially monogamous species, in which copulation with cohabitation for 6h induces a pair bond. However, the mating-induced reward state that could contribute to the establishment of the long-term pair bond has not been evaluated in this species. The present study aimed to determine whether one ejaculation or cohabitation with mating for 6h is rewarding for voles. We also evaluated whether this state is opioid dependent. Our results demonstrate that mating with one ejaculation and social cohabitation with mating for 6h induce a CPP in males, while exposure to a sexually receptive female without mating did not induce CPP. In the female vole, mating until one ejaculation, social cohabitation with mating, or exposure to a male without physical interaction for 6h did not induce CPP. To evaluate whether the rewarding state in males is opioid dependent, the antagonist naloxone was injected i.p. The administration of naloxone blocked the rewarding state induced by one ejaculation and by social cohabitation with mating. Our results demonstrate that in the prairie vole, on the basis of the CPP in the testing conditions used here, the stimulation received with one ejaculation and the mating conditions that lead to pair bonding formation may be rewarding for males, and this reward state is opioid dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulloa
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - W Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - N F Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico.
| | - L J Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - F J Camacho
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - V M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - R G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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Herman AR, Pullen SJ, Lange BCL, Christian-Brathwaite N, Ulloa M, Kempeh M, Karnga D, Johnson D, Harris B, Henderson DC, Borba CPC. Closing the Mental Health Treatment Gap through the Collaboration of Traditional and Western Medicine in Liberia. Int J Cult Ment Health 2018; 11:693-704. [PMID: 31467591 DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1556715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Liberians have experienced significant psychological trauma following fourteen years of violent civil war and the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic, but there are only two psychiatrists for the entire population. However, many traditional healers commonly treat mental health-related illnesses throughout the country. This paper examines the potential for collaboration between traditional and Western medicine to close the mental health treatment gap in Liberia. We conducted 35 semi-structured qualitative interviews with Liberian traditional healers and utilizers of traditional medicine asking questions about common health problems, treatments, beliefs, and personal preferences. Participants discussed cultural attitudes, beliefs, and structural factors that may influence collaboration between traditional and Western medicine. Healers expressed willingness to collaborate in order to strengthen their skills, though realized Western physicians were hesitant to collaborate. Additionally, Liberians believed in both medical traditions, though preferred Western medicine. Finally, structural factors such as geographic distance and financial barriers made traditional medicine more accessible than Western medicine. Traditional healers and utilizers support collaboration as evidenced by their perceptions of cultural attitudes, beliefs, and structural factors within the Liberian context. With Liberia's overwhelming mental illness burden, collaboration between traditional healers and Western medicine physicians offers a solution to the treatment gap in Liberian mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta R Herman
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, (617) 638-4640
| | - Samuel J Pullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, St. Luke's Health System, 190 E Bannock St, Boise, ID 83712, (208) 381-2222
| | - Brittany C L Lange
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, (617) 638-4640
| | | | - Melissa Ulloa
- New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, 82 Washington Square E, New York, NY 10003, (212) 998-4500
| | - Michael Kempeh
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, +231 88 639 8593
| | - Dyujay Karnga
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, +231 88 639 8593
| | - Dorothy Johnson
- Christ Jubilee International Ministries, 101 Smith St, Lowell, MA 01851, (978) 452-9976
| | - Benjamin Harris
- A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, +231 88 639 8593
| | - David C Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite #1150 Boston, MA 02118, (617) 414-1915
| | - Christina P C Borba
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite #1150 Boston, MA 02118, (617) 414-1915
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Nemani KL, Greene MC, Ulloa M, Vincenzi B, Copeland PM, Al-Khadari S, Henderson DC. Clozapine, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality: Results of a 21-Year Naturalistic Study in Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:168-176. [PMID: 29164928 DOI: 10.3371/csrp.knmg.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this 21-year naturalistic study of clozapine-treated patients was to examine the cardiovascular risk factors following clozapine initiation and resultant mortality estimates from cardiovascular disease. Data were collected from January 1992 to February 2012 medical records from clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Demographics, clozapine dosage and laboratory results were extracted at 12-month intervals. At clozapine initiation, the mean age of the 96 patients was 36.4 years±7.6 years; n=27 (28%) were women. The mean duration of clozapine use was 13 years. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for 21-year cardiovascular events was 29%, while the Kaplan-Meier estimate for 21-year mortality from cardiovascular disease was 10%. The mean cardiovascular risk increased during the first ten years (p<.01), while a slight decrease occurred beyond ten years (p<.01). Patients involved in cardiometabolic research showed a greater decrease in cardiovascular risk factors over 21 years (p=.05). The Kaplan-Meier estimate for 21-year all-cause mortality was 22%. Forty-one patients were diagnosed with diabetes (42.7%), compared to a nationwide prevalence of 13.7% in a similar age group. These results support the hypothesis that clozapine-treated patients are at risk for cardiovascular events and death secondary to an increased risk of medical disorders. Interventions that target weight loss, smoking cessation, and lipid profile improvement may alleviate the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
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Ulloa M, Wang C, Saha S, Hutmacher RB, Stelly DM, Jenkins JN, Burke J, Roberts PA. Analysis of root-knot nematode and fusarium wilt disease resistance in cotton (Gossypium spp.) using chromosome substitution lines from two alien species. Genetica 2016; 144:167-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Henderson DC, Vincenzi B, Andrea NV, Ulloa M, Copeland PM. Pathophysiological mechanisms of increased cardiometabolic risk in people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2:452-464. [PMID: 26360288 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia have increased mortality and morbidity compared with the general population. These patients have a 20-year shorter lifespan than peers without schizophrenia, mainly due to premature cardiovascular disease, suicide, and cancer. Patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease related to increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, poor diet, obesity, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, low physical activity, and side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. Some second-generation antipsychotics (eg, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) are associated with an increased risk of weight gain and obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and new-onset diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms by which schizophrenia and patients with severe mental illness are susceptible to cardiometabolic disorders are complex and include lifestyle risks and direct and indirect effects of antipsychotic drugs. An understanding of these risks might lead to effective interventions for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders in schizophrenia and severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Henderson
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brenda Vincenzi
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas V Andrea
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Ulloa
- Schizophrenia Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Copeland
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Borba CPC, Gelaye B, Zayas L, Ulloa M, Lavelle J, Mollica RF, Henderson DC. Making strides towards better mental health care in Peru: Results from a primary care mental health training. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:9-19. [PMID: 27054141 DOI: 10.12970/2310-8231.2015.03.01.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our program attempted to improve attitudes and confidence of Peruvian primary care physicians (PCPs) providing mental health care. The training program underwent an evaluation to determine impact of sustained confidence in performing medical and psychiatric procedures, and application of learned skills. Fifty-two Peruvian primary care practitioners were trained at the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma (HPRT) over a two-week period. There was significant improvement in PCPs' confidence levels of performing psychiatric procedures (counseling, prescribing medications, psychiatric diagnosis, assessing the risk for violence, and treating trauma victims) when comparing baseline and post-two-week to one year follow-up. When comparing post-two-week and one-year follow-up quantitative measures, confidences levels went slightly down. This may be an implication that the frequency of trainings and supervisions are needed more frequently. In contrast, qualitative responses from the one-year follow-up revealed increase in victims of violence clinical care, advocacy, awareness, education, training, policy changes, accessibility of care, and sustainment of diagnostic tools. This study supports the feasibility of training PCP's in a culturally effective manner with sustainability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P C Borba
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - B Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - L Zayas
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - M Ulloa
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - J Lavelle
- Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - R F Mollica
- Harvard Medical School, MA, USA; Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - D C Henderson
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
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Egamberdiev S, Salahutdinov I, Abdullaev A, Ulloa M, Saha S, Radjapov F, Mullaohunov B, Mansurov D, Jenkins J, Abdurakhmonov I. Detection ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp. vasinfectumrace 3 by single-base extension method and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2014.905496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Valdes-Donoso P, Mardones FO, Jarpa M, Ulloa M, Carpenter TE, Perez AM. Co-infection patterns of infectious salmon anaemia and sea lice in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in southern Chile (2007-2009). J Fish Dis 2013; 36:353-360. [PMID: 23347268 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) caused a large epidemic in farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile in 2007-2009. Here, we assessed co-infection patterns of ISAV and sea lice (SL) based on surveillance data collected by the fish health authority. ISAV status and SL counts in all Atlantic salmon farms located in the 10th region of Chile were registered monthly from July 2007 through December 2009. Each farm was categorized monthly according to its ISAV and SL status. A multinomial time-space scan test using a circular window was applied to identify disease clusters, and a multivariate regression model was fitted to quantify the association between disease-clustering and farm-management factors. Most of the identified clusters (9/13) were associated with high SL burdens. There were significant associations (P < 0.05) between management factors and ISAV/SL status. Areas in which good management practices were associated with a reduced disease risk were identified. The findings of this study suggest that certain management practices can effectively reduce the risk of SL and ISAV in the face of an epidemic and will be helpful towards creating an effective disease control programme in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valdes-Donoso
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Chowell G, Viboud C, Simonsen L, Miller MA, Hurtado J, Soto G, Vargas R, Guzman MA, Ulloa M, Munayco CV. The 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Peru. Vaccine 2012; 29 Suppl 2:B21-6. [PMID: 21757099 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing our knowledge of past influenza pandemic patterns in different regions of the world is crucial to guide preparedness plans against future influenza pandemics. Here, we undertook extensive archival collection efforts from three representative cities of Peru-Lima in the central coast, Iquitos in the northeastern Amazon region, Ica in the southern coast-to characterize the temporal, age and geographic patterns of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in this country. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed historical documents describing the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Peru and retrieved individual mortality records from local provincial archives for quantitative analysis. We applied seasonal excess mortality models to daily and monthly respiratory mortality rates for 1917-1920 and quantified transmissibility estimates based on the daily growth rate in respiratory deaths. RESULTS A total of 52,739 individual mortality records were inspected from local provincial archives. We found evidence for an initial mild pandemic wave during July-September 1918 in Lima, identified a synchronized severe pandemic wave of respiratory mortality in all three locations during November 1918-February 1919, and a severe pandemic wave during January 1920-March 1920 in Lima and July-October 1920 in Ica. There was no recrudescent pandemic wave in 1920 in Iquitos. Remarkably, Lima experienced the brunt of the 1918-1920 excess mortality impact during the 1920 recrudescent wave, with all age groups experiencing an increase in all cause excess mortality from 1918-1919 to 1920. Middle age groups experienced the highest excess mortality impact, relative to baseline levels, in the 1918-1919 and 1920 pandemic waves. Cumulative excess mortality rates for the 1918-1920 pandemic period were higher in Iquitos (2.9%) than Lima (1.6%). The mean reproduction number for Lima was estimated in the range 1.3-1.5. CONCLUSIONS We identified synchronized pandemic waves of intense excess respiratory mortality during November 1918-February 1919 in Lima, Iquitos, Ica, followed by asynchronous recrudescent waves in 1920. Cumulative data from quantitative studies of the 1918 influenza pandemic in Latin American settings have confirmed the high mortality impact associated with this pandemic. Further historical studies in lesser studied regions of Latin America, Africa, and Asia are warranted for a full understanding of the global impact of the 1918 pandemic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chowell
- Mathematical, Computational & Modeling Sciences Center, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Wang C, Ulloa M, Roberts PA. Identification and mapping of microsatellite markers linked to a root-knot nematode resistance gene (rkn1) in Acala NemX cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Theor Appl Genet 2006; 112:770-7. [PMID: 16362274 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Host-plant resistance is the most economic and effective strategy for root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Molecular markers linked to resistance are important for incorporating resistance genes into elite cultivars. To screen for microsatellite markers (SSR) closely linked to RKN resistance in G. hirsutum cv. Acala NemX, F1, F2, BC1F1, and F2:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from intraspecific crosses and an F2 from an interspecific cross with G. barbadense cv. Pima S-7 were used. Screening of 284 SSR markers, which cover all the known identified chromosomes and most linkage groups of cotton, was performed by bulked segregant analysis, revealing informative SSRs. The informative SSRs were then mapped on the above populations. One co-dominant SSR marker CIR316 was identified tightly linked to a major resistance gene (designated as rkn1), producing amplified DNA fragments of approximately 221 bp (CIR316a) and 210 bp (CIR316c) in Acala NemX and susceptible Acala SJ-2, respectively. The linkage between CIR316a marker and resistance gene rkn1 in Acala NemX had an estimated distance of 2.1-3.3 cM depending on the population used. Additional markers, including BNL1231 with loose linkage to rkn1 (map distance 25.1-27.4 cM), BNL1066, and CIR003 allowed the rkn1 gene to be mapped to cotton linkage group A03. This is the first report in cotton with a closely linked major gene locus determining nematode resistance, and informative SSRs may be used for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521-0415, USA
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Ulloa M, Saha S, Jenkins JN, Meredith WR, McCarty JC, Stelly DM. Chromosomal assignment of RFLP linkage groups harboring important QTLs on an intraspecific cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Joinmap. J Hered 2004; 96:132-44. [PMID: 15618303 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome identities were assigned to 15 linkage groups of the RFLP joinmap developed from four intraspecific cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) populations with different genetic backgrounds (Acala, Delta, and Texas Plains). The linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes by deficiency analysis of probes in the previously published joinmap, based on genomic DNA from hypoaneuploid chromosome substitution lines. These findings were integrated with QTL identification for multiple fiber and yield traits. Overall results revealed the presence of 63 QTLs on five different chromosomes of the A subgenome (chromosomes-03, -07, -09, -10, and -12) and 29 QTLs on the three different D subgenome (chromosomes-14 Lo, -20, and the long arm of -26). Linkage group-1 (chromosome-03) harbored 26 QTLs, covering 117 cM with 54 RFLP loci. Linkage group-2, (the long arm of chromosome-26) harbored 19 QTLs, covering 77.6 cM with 27 RFLP loci. Approximately 49% of the putative 92 QTLs for agronomic and fiber quality traits were placed on the above two major joinmap linkage groups, which correspond to just two different chromosomes, indicating that cotton chromosomes may have islands of high and low meiotic recombination like some other eukaryotic organisms. In addition, it reveals highly recombined and putative gene abundant regions in the cotton genome. QTLs for fiber quality traits in certain regions are located between two RFLP markers with an average of less than one cM (approximately 0.4-0.6 Mb) and possibly represent targets for map-based cloning. Identification of chromosomal location of RFLP markers common to different intra- and interspecific-populations will facilitate development of portable framework markers, as well as genetic and physical mapping of the cotton genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulloa
- USDA-ARS, WICS, Res. Unit, Cotton Enhancement Program, Shafter, CA 93263, USA.
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Ulloa M, Meredith WR, Shappley ZW, Kahler AL. RFLP genetic linkage maps from four F(2.3) populations and a joinmap of Gossypium hirsutum L. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 104:200-208. [PMID: 12582687 DOI: 10.1007/s001220100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An RFLP genetic linkage joinmap was constructed from four different mapping populations of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genetic maps from two of the four populations have been previously reported. The third genetic map was constructed from 199 bulk-sampled plots of an F(2.3) (HQ95-6x'MD51ne') population. The map comprises 83 loci mapped to 24 linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 10.0 centiMorgan (cM), covering 830.1 cM or approximately 18% of the genome. The fourth genetic map was developed from 155 bulk-sampled plots of an F(2.3) (119- 5 sub-okrax'MD51ne') population. This map comprises 56 loci mapped to 16 linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 9.3 cM, covering 520.4 cM or approximately 11% of the cotton genome. A core of 104 cDNA probes was shared between populations, yielding 111 RFLP loci. The constructed genetic linkage joinmap from the above four populations comprises 284 loci mapped to 47 linkage groups with the average distance between markers of 5.3 cM, covering 1,502.6 cM or approximately 31% of the total recombinational length of the cotton genome. The linkage groups contained from 2 to 54 loci each and ranged in distance from 1.0 to 142.6 cM. The joinmap provided further knowledge of competitive chromosome arrangement, parental relationships, gene order, and increased the potential to map genes for the improvement of the cotton crop. This is the first genetic linkage joinmap assembled in G. hirsutum with a core of RFLP markers assayed on different genetic backgrounds of cotton populations (Acala, Delta, and Texas plain). Research is ongoing for the identification of quantitative trait loci for agronomic, physiological and fiber quality traits on these maps, and the identification of RFLP loci lineage for G. hirsutum from its diploid progenitors (the A and D genomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ulloa
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA:
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Arcos E, Uarac M, Molina I, Repossi A, Ulloa M. [Impact of domestic violence on reproductive and neonatal health]. Rev Med Chil 2001; 129:1413-24. [PMID: 12083060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence can have an important influence on mother and child health. AIM To assess the consequences of remote and actual, emotional or physical, domestic violence on the reproductive and newborn health in pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS A longitudinal epidemiological observation from an Urban Primary Health Care Center from Valdivia, Chile, in 1998. Two cohorts were studied: Pregnant women that experienced domestic violence (index group) and pregnant women not exposed to domestic violence (control group). Women were followed during pregnancy and at labor. The newborn was also assessed. RESULTS The index group had a higher relative risk (RR) for impending abortion (RR 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.93), hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy (RR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.18-1.96), intrahepatic cholestasis (RR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-1.94). Women that experienced violence during pregnancy had a higher risk of urinary tract infection (RR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.28-6.43), intrauterine growth retardation (RR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.77-7.93) and intrahepatic cholestasis. Newborns from the index group had lower weight, size and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Domestic violence is associated with hypertension during pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation. The incorporation of bio-psychological evaluation and monitoring systems could attenuate the consequences of domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arcos
- Instituto de Enfermería Materna, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Unidad de Neonatología, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Regional de Valdivia.
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Macías M, Gamboa A, Ulloa M, Toscano RA, Mata R. Phytotoxic naphthopyranone derivatives from the coprophilous fungus Guanomyces polythrix. Phytochemistry 2001; 58:751-758. [PMID: 11672740 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reinvestigation of the fermentation broth and mycelium of the coprophilous fungus Guanomyces polythrix, grown in static conditions, led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds, including two new naphthopyranone derivatives, namely (2S, 3R)-5-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-naphtho[2,3-b]-pyran-4-one and (2S, 3R)-5-hydroxy-6,8,10-trimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-naphtho[2,3-b]-pyran-4-one. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectral and chiroptical methods. In addition, the structure of 8-hydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester was unambiguously determined by X-ray analysis. The isolates caused significant inhibition of radicle growth of two weed seedlings (Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli) and interacted with both spinach and bovine brain calmodulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Macías
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Abstract
Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the fermentation broth and mycelium of the coprophilous fungus Guanomyces polythrix led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds, including five new naphthopyranone derivatives (1-5). In addition, rubrofusarin B, emodin, citrinin, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester were obtained. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectral and chiroptical methods. The isolates caused significant inhibition of radicle growth of two weed seedlings (Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli) and interacted with both spinach and bovine brain calmodulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Macías
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. 04510, México, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. 04510, México
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Schenone H, Burgos M, Ulloa M, Acuña P, Ojeda J, Silva JR, Ibáñez O, Schenone H. [Epizootic outbreaks of trichinosis in 2 pig farms from the Metropolitan Region of Chile]. Bol Chil Parasitol 1999; 54:113-5. [PMID: 10883501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In Chile swine trichinosis has presented a progressive decreasing in the last two decades of XX century. T. spiralis pig infection descended from an average of 0.683 per 1000 in 1980-1984 to 0.315 in 1985-1989 and to 0.115 in 1990-1996. In the particular case of Metropolitan Region this decreasing has been more marked: from an average of 0.058 per 1000 in 1990-1994 to 0.003 in 1995-1999. Between the end of June 1999 and middle January 2000 in Metropolitan Region abattoirs T. spiralis was detected in 15 (4.9%) out of 306 swine from two pigsties located in El Monte (E.M.) and Padre Hurtado (P.H.) 45 and 30 km south-west from Santiago. In the same period another four pigs from the same premises were found infected in abattoirs of other regions. During inspection visits it was stated that both pig farms had deficient sanitary conditions. Phototrichinoscopy was positive in three out of five Rattus norvegicus collected in E.M. In pigsty PH the examination of diaphragm samples of 25 dogs and 17 cats resulted negative. In the premises originating T. spirali infected swine the Metropolitan Environmental Health Service Abattoirs Program carries out an epidemiological vigilance consisting in the follow-up of animals destined for slaughtering in order to initiate prophylactic actions oriented to eliminate eventual sources of trichinosis infection for human and rearing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schenone
- Departamento Vigilancia Sanitaria, I.C.B.M. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
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Bonilla-Salinas M, Lappe P, Ulloa M, Garcia-Garibay M, Gómez-Ruiz L. Isolation and identification of killer yeasts from sugar cane molasses. Lett Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Air was sampled simultaneously at three localities in Mexico City differing in urbanization index and air pollution level on 22 days during a period covering both dry and rainy seasons. An Andersen two-stage microbial sampler was used for 15 min at 28 liters min-1 to isolate culturable fungi on malt extract agar. After exposure, plates were incubated at 25 degrees C for 48 to 72 h before colonies were counted and identified to give concentrations of total fungal spores and of Penicillium spp., expressed as CFU per cubic meter of air. Total fungi numbered 91 to 602 CFU m-3 in Tlalpan Borough (southern area), 40 to 264 CFU m-3 in Cuauhtémoc Borough (downtown), and 26 to 495 CFU m-3 in Gustavo A. Madero Borough (northern area). Although Penicillium spp. were the second most frequently isolated fungal genus, concentrations were small, with a maximum of only 133 CFU m-3. Twice as many colonies were isolated in the southern area, with an urbanization index of 0.25 (arithmetic mean, 41 CFU m-3), as at other sampling stations with greater urbanization indices (arithmetic means, 19 and 20 CFU m-3). In the downtown area, with an urbanization index of 1.0, Penicillium spp. were more numerous than any other genus and formed 25% of the total fungal count compared with 14 and 17% in the other areas. Concentrations of airborne Penicillium spp. did not differ significantly between rainy and dry seasons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rosas
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F
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Taboada J, Ulloa M, Estrada-Cuéllar L, Díaz-Garcés J. [Yeasts of tibi, and feeding tests in chickens and rodents using these zoogloea in the diet]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1987; 29:73-83. [PMID: 3629028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gilbon A, Huitron C, Farias FG, Ulloa M. Scanning Electron Microscopy of a True Cellulolytic Strain of Aureobasidium Grown on Crystalline Cellulose. Mycologia 1986. [DOI: 10.2307/3807526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Herrera T, Ulloa M. [Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida valida yeasts isolated from colonche in San Luis Potosí, Mexico]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1981; 23:219-223. [PMID: 6755600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Lowy B, Ulloa M, Hanlin RT. Atlas de Micologia Basica. Mycologia 1978. [DOI: 10.2307/3759349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Herrera T, Ulloa M. [Antagonism of pozol and Agrobacterium azotophilum on various species of bacteria and fungi, some of them pathogenic to man]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1975; 17:143-7. [PMID: 1059217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Taboada J, Salinas C, Ulloa M, Herrera T. [Nitrogen fixation in monospecific and mixed cultures of Aerobacter aerogenes and Agrobacterium azotophilum using different sources of carbon]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1975; 17:157-9. [PMID: 1059219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ulloa M, Salinas C, Herrera T. [Study of Bacillus megaterium isolated from "tesgüino" (an alcoholic beverage) of Chihuahua, Mexico]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1974; 16:209-11. [PMID: 4218349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fuentes I, Herrera T, Ulloa M. [Description of a new species of Pseudomonas, P. mexicana, and determination of Escherichia coli var. neapolitana isolated from pozol]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1974; 16:99-103. [PMID: 4602642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ulloa M, Herrera T. [Phialophora richardsiae, a fungus causing pheosporotrichosis in man, isolated from pozol]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1973; 15:199-201. [PMID: 4524429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Taboada J, Ulloa M, Herrera T. [Fixation of nitrogen in vitro by Agrobacterium azotophilum in various substrates, especially soil and by-products of the sugar industry]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1973; 15:143-6. [PMID: 4524329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ulloa M, Herrera T. [Description of 2 new species of bactera isolated from pozol: Agrobacterium azotophilum and Achromobacter pozolis]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1972; 14:15-24. [PMID: 4509280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ulloa M. [Lytic action of Myxococcus xanthus Beebe on various phytopathogenic bacteria]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1971; 13:195-8. [PMID: 5290797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ulloa M, Herrera T, De la Lanza G. [Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by microorganisms of pozol]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1971; 13:113-24. [PMID: 5288195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Herrera T, Ulloa M. [General aspects of the microbiology of "pozol"]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1970; 12:103-8. [PMID: 5269276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Edgardo M, Ulloa M. [Applied psychology in dentistry and dentist-patient relations]. ADM 1969; 26:235-55. [PMID: 5273578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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