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Tompkins LK, Gunn JKL, Cherney B, Ham JE, Horth R, Rossetti R, Bower WA, Benson K, Hagan LM, Crist MB, Mettee Zarecki SL, Dixon MG, Dillaha JA, Patil N, Dusseau C, Ross T, Matthews HS, Garner K, Starks AM, Weiner Z, Bowen MD, Bankamp B, Newton AE, Logan N, Schuh AJ, Trimble S, Pfeiffer H, James AE, Tian N, Jacobs JR, Ruiz F, McDonald K, Thompson M, Cooley L, Honein MA, Rose DA. Mass SARS-CoV-2 Testing in a Dormitory-Style Correctional Facility in Arkansas. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:907-916. [PMID: 33734845 PMCID: PMC8033997 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.306117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a correctional facility and recommend mitigation strategies.Methods. From April 29 to May 15, 2020, we established the point prevalence of COVID-19 among incarcerated persons and staff within a correctional facility in Arkansas. Participants provided respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing and completed questionnaires on symptoms and factors associated with transmission.Results. Of 1647 incarcerated persons and 128 staff tested, 30.5% of incarcerated persons (range by housing unit = 0.0%-58.2%) and 2.3% of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among those who tested positive and responded to symptom questions (431 incarcerated persons, 3 staff), 81.2% and 33.3% were asymptomatic, respectively. Most incarcerated persons (58.0%) reported wearing cloth face coverings 8 hours or less per day, and 63.3% reported close contact with someone other than their bunkmate.Conclusions. If testing remained limited to symptomatic individuals, fewer cases would have been detected or detection would have been delayed, allowing transmission to continue. Rapid implementation of mass testing and strict enforcement of infection prevention and control measures may be needed to mitigate spread of SARS-CoV-2 in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Tompkins
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Jayleen K L Gunn
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Blake Cherney
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Jason E Ham
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Roberta Horth
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Rebecca Rossetti
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - William A Bower
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Kelsey Benson
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Liesl M Hagan
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Matthew B Crist
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Shauna L Mettee Zarecki
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Meredith G Dixon
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Jennifer A Dillaha
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Naveen Patil
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Charles Dusseau
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Tara Ross
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - H Stewart Matthews
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Kelley Garner
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Angela M Starks
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Zachary Weiner
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Bettina Bankamp
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Anna E Newton
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Naeemah Logan
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Amy J Schuh
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Sean Trimble
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Heidi Pfeiffer
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Allison E James
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Niu Tian
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Jesica R Jacobs
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Kellen McDonald
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Marlowe Thompson
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Laura Cooley
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Margaret A Honein
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
| | - Dale A Rose
- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
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- Lindsay K. Tompkins and Allison E. James are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Blake Cherney, Jason E. Ham, Roberta Horth, Rebecca Rossetti, William A. Bower, Kelsey Benson, Liesl M. Hagan, Matthew B. Crist, Shauna L. Mettee Zarecki, Meredith G. Dixon, Angela M. Starks, Zachary Weiner, Michael D. Bowen, Bettina Bankamp, Anna E. Newton, Naeemah Logan, Amy J. Schuh, Sean Trimble, Heidi Pfeiffer, Niu Tian, Francisco Ruiz, Kellen McDonald, Marlowe Thompson, Laura Cooley, Margaret A. Honein, and Dale A. Rose are with the COVID-19 Investigation Team, CDC. Charles Dusseau and Tara Ross are with the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD. Jennifer A. Dillaha, Naveen Patil, H. Stewart Matthews, and Kelley Garner are with the Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock. Jesica R. Jacobs is with the Laboratory Leadership Service, CDC
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6
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Casey RM, Harris JB, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Dixon MG, Kizito GM, Nsele PM, Umutesi G, Laven J, Kosoy O, Paluku G, Gueye AS, Hyde TB, Ewetola R, Sheria GKM, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Staples JE. Immunogenicity of Fractional-Dose Vaccine during a Yellow Fever Outbreak - Final Report. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:444-454. [PMID: 29443626 PMCID: PMC7064153 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1710430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, the response to a yellow fever outbreak in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo led to a global shortage of yellow fever vaccine. As a result, a fractional dose of the 17DD yellow fever vaccine (containing one fifth [0.1 ml] of the standard dose) was offered to 7.6 million children 2 years of age or older and nonpregnant adults in a preemptive campaign in Kinshasa. The goal of this study was to assess the immune response to the fractional dose in a large-scale campaign. METHODS We recruited participants in four age strata at six vaccination sites. We assessed neutralizing antibody titers against yellow fever virus in blood samples obtained before vaccination and at 1 month and 1 year after vaccination, using a plaque reduction neutralization test with a 50% cutoff (PRNT50). Participants with a PRNT50 titer of 10 or higher were considered to be seropositive. Those with a baseline titer of less than 10 who became seropositive at follow-up were classified as having undergone seroconversion. Participants who were seropositive at baseline and who had an increase in the titer by a factor of 4 or more at follow-up were classified as having an immune response. RESULTS Among 716 participants who completed the 1-month follow-up, 705 (98%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 97 to 99) were seropositive after vaccination. Among 493 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 482 (98%; 95% CI, 96 to 99) underwent seroconversion. Among 223 participants who were seropositive at baseline, 148 (66%; 95% CI, 60 to 72) had an immune response. Lower baseline titers were associated with a higher probability of having an immune response (P<0.001). Among 684 participants who completed the 1-year follow-up, 666 (97%; 95% CI, 96 to 98) were seropositive for yellow fever antibody. The distribution of titers among the participants who were seronegative for yellow fever antibody at baseline varied significantly among age groups at 1 month and at 1 year (P<0.001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS A fractional dose of the 17DD yellow fever vaccine was effective at inducing seroconversion in participants who were seronegative at baseline. Titers remained above the threshold for seropositivity at 1 year after vaccination in nearly all participants who were seropositive at 1 month after vaccination. These findings support the use of fractional-dose vaccination for outbreak control. (Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Casey
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Jennifer B Harris
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Meredith G Dixon
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Gabriel M Kizito
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Pierre M Nsele
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Grace Umutesi
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Janeen Laven
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Olga Kosoy
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Gilson Paluku
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Abdou S Gueye
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Terri B Hyde
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Raimi Ewetola
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Guylain K M Sheria
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
| | - J Erin Staples
- From the Global Immunization Division (R.M.C., J.B.H., M.G.D., G.U., G.P., T.B.H.) and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (R.M.C.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (S.A.-M., P.M.N., G.M.K., J.-J.M.-T.), Division of Global Health Protection (A.S.G.), Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis (R.E.), CDC, and Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé (G.K.M.S.) - all in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; and the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, Fort Collins, CO (J.L., O.K., J.E.S.)
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