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Ruttorf M, Tal Z, Amaral L, Fang F, Bi Y, Almeida J. Neuroplastic changes in functional wiring in sensory cortices of the congenitally deaf: A network analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6523-6536. [PMID: 37956260 PMCID: PMC10681644 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital sensory deprivation induces significant changes in the structural and functional organisation of the brain. These are well-characterised by cross-modal plasticity, in which deprived cortical areas are recruited to process information from non-affected sensory modalities, as well as by other neuroplastic alterations within regions dedicated to the remaining senses. Here, we analysed visual and auditory networks of congenitally deaf and hearing individuals during different visual tasks to assess changes in network community structure and connectivity patterns due to congenital deafness. In the hearing group, the nodes are clearly divided into three communities (visual, auditory and subcortical), whereas in the deaf group a fourth community consisting mainly of bilateral superior temporal sulcus and temporo-insular regions is present. Perhaps more importantly, the right lateral geniculate body, as well as bilateral thalamus and pulvinar joined the auditory community of the deaf. Moreover, there is stronger connectivity between bilateral thalamic and pulvinar and auditory areas in the deaf group, when compared to the hearing group. No differences were found in the number of connections of these nodes to visual areas. Our findings reveal substantial neuroplastic changes occurring within the auditory and visual networks caused by deafness, emphasising the dynamic nature of the sensory systems in response to congenital deafness. Specifically, these results indicate that in the deaf but not the hearing group, subcortical thalamic nuclei are highly connected to auditory areas during processing of visual information, suggesting that these relay areas may be responsible for rerouting visual information to the auditory cortex under congenital deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in MedicineHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Zohar Tal
- Proaction LaboratoryUniversity of CoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesUniversity of CoimbraPortugal
| | - Lénia Amaral
- Department of NeuroscienceGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanchao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern, Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and ConnectomicsBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction LaboratoryUniversity of CoimbraPortugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesUniversity of CoimbraPortugal
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Mosch B, Hagena V, Herpertz S, Ruttorf M, Diers M. Neural correlates of control over pain in fibromyalgia patients. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103355. [PMID: 36848728 PMCID: PMC9982683 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The perceived lack of control over the experience of pain is arguably-one major cause of agony and impaired life quality in patients with chronic pain disorders as fibromyalgia (FM). The way perceived control affects subjective pain as well as the underlying neural mechanisms have so far not been investigated in chronic pain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates of self-controlled compared to computer-controlled heat pain in healthy controls (HC, n = 21) and FM patients (n = 23). Contrary to HC, FM failed to activate brain areas usually involved in pain modulation as well as reappraisal processes (right ventrolateral (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)). Computer-controlled (compared to self-controlled) heat revealed significant activations of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in HC, whereas FM activated structures that are typically involved in neural emotion processing (amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus). Additionally, FM displayed disrupted functional connectivity (FC) of the VLPFC, DLPFC and dACC with somatosensory and pain (inhibition)-related areas during self-controlled heat stimulation as well as significantly decreased gray matter (GM) volumes compared to HC in DLPFC and dACC. The described functional and structural changes provide evidence for far-reaching impairments concerning pain-modulatory processes in FM. Our investigation represents a first demonstration of dysfunctional neural pain modulation through experienced control in FM according to the extensive functional and structural changes in relevant sensory, limbic and associative brain areas. These areas may be targeted in clinical pain therapeutic methods involving TMS, neurofeedback or cognitive behavioral trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mosch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany
| | - Verena Hagena
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Martin Diers
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany.
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3
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Bucolo M, Rance M, Nees F, Ruttorf M, Stella G, Monarca N, Andoh J, Flor H. Cortical networks underlying successful control of nociceptive processing using real-time fMRI. Front Pain Res 2022; 3:969867. [PMID: 36353700 PMCID: PMC9637825 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.969867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI) enables self-regulation of neural activity in localized brain regions through neurofeedback. Previous studies showed successful up- and down-regulation of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the insula (Ins) during nociceptive stimulation. Such self-regulation capacity is, however, variable across subjects, possibly related to the ability of cognitive top-down control of pain. Moreover, how specific brain areas interact to enable successful regulation of nociceptive processing and neurofeedback-based brain modulation is not well understood. A connectivity analysis framework in the frequency domain was used to examine the up- or down-regulation in the ACC and Ins and pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were assessed. We found that successful up- and down-regulation was mediated by the ACC and by its functional connectivity with the Ins and secondary somatosensory cortex. There was no significant relationship between successful up- or downregulation and pain ratings. These findings demonstrate functional interactions between brain areas involved in nociceptive processing during regulation of ACC and Ins activity, and the relevance of the frequency domain connectivity analysis for real-time fMRI. Moreover, despite successful neural regulation, there was no change in pain ratings, suggesting that pain is a complex perception, which may be more difficult to modify than other sensory or emotional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Bucolo
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariela Rance
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Giovanna Stella
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: Giovanna Stella
| | - Nicolò Monarca
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jamila Andoh
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Ekhtiari H, Ghobadi-Azbari P, Thielscher A, Antal A, Li LM, Shereen AD, Cabral-Calderin Y, Keeser D, Bergmann TO, Jamil A, Violante IR, Almeida J, Meinzer M, Siebner HR, Woods AJ, Stagg CJ, Abend R, Antonenko D, Auer T, Bächinger M, Baeken C, Barron HC, Chase HW, Crinion J, Datta A, Davis MH, Ebrahimi M, Esmaeilpour Z, Falcone B, Fiori V, Ghodratitoostani I, Gilam G, Grabner RH, Greenspan JD, Groen G, Hartwigsen G, Hauser TU, Herrmann CS, Juan CH, Krekelberg B, Lefebvre S, Liew SL, Madsen KH, Mahdavifar-Khayati R, Malmir N, Marangolo P, Martin AK, Meeker TJ, Ardabili HM, Moisa M, Momi D, Mulyana B, Opitz A, Orlov N, Ragert P, Ruff CC, Ruffini G, Ruttorf M, Sangchooli A, Schellhorn K, Schlaug G, Sehm B, Soleimani G, Tavakoli H, Thompson B, Timmann D, Tsuchiyagaito A, Ulrich M, Vosskuhl J, Weinrich CA, Zare-Bidoky M, Zhang X, Zoefel B, Nitsche MA, Bikson M. A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of concurrent tES-fMRI studies (ContES checklist): a consensus study and statement. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:596-617. [PMID: 35121855 PMCID: PMC7612687 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including alternating or direct current stimulation, applies weak electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of brain circuits. Integration of tES with concurrent functional MRI (fMRI) allows for the mapping of neural activity during neuromodulation, supporting causal studies of both brain function and tES effects. Methodological aspects of tES-fMRI studies underpin the results, and reporting them in appropriate detail is required for reproducibility and interpretability. Despite the growing number of published reports, there are no consensus-based checklists for disclosing methodological details of concurrent tES-fMRI studies. The objective of this work was to develop a consensus-based checklist of reporting standards for concurrent tES-fMRI studies to support methodological rigor, transparency and reproducibility (ContES checklist). A two-phase Delphi consensus process was conducted by a steering committee (SC) of 13 members and 49 expert panelists through the International Network of the tES-fMRI Consortium. The process began with a circulation of a preliminary checklist of essential items and additional recommendations, developed by the SC on the basis of a systematic review of 57 concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Contributors were then invited to suggest revisions or additions to the initial checklist. After the revision phase, contributors rated the importance of the 17 essential items and 42 additional recommendations in the final checklist. The state of methodological transparency within the 57 reviewed concurrent tES-fMRI studies was then assessed by using the checklist. Experts refined the checklist through the revision and rating phases, leading to a checklist with three categories of essential items and additional recommendations: (i) technological factors, (ii) safety and noise tests and (iii) methodological factors. The level of reporting of checklist items varied among the 57 concurrent tES-fMRI papers, ranging from 24% to 76%. On average, 53% of checklist items were reported in a given article. In conclusion, use of the ContES checklist is expected to enhance the methodological reporting quality of future concurrent tES-fMRI studies and increase methodological transparency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lucia M Li
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Imaging Lab, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK DRI Centre for Care Research and Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Duke Shereen
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuranny Cabral-Calderin
- Research Group Neural and Environmental Rhythms, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Asif Jamil
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ines R Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rany Abend
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tibor Auer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marc Bächinger
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny Crinion
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Research and Development, Soterix Medical, New York, USA
- The City College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew H Davis
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Falcone
- Northrop Grumman Company, Mission Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Valentina Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Iman Ghodratitoostani
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory (NEL), Center for Engineering Applied to Health, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roland H Grabner
- Educational Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joel D Greenspan
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Groen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bart Krekelberg
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanie Lefebvre
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, K, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Nastaran Malmir
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paola Marangolo
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Aphasia Research Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Timothy J Meeker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marius Moisa
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Momi
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beni Mulyana
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natasza Orlov
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Neuroimaging-Neuromodulation and Stroke Recovery Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Baystate-University of Massachusetts Medical School, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Vosskuhl
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Weinrich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Benedikt Zoefel
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Ruttorf M, Kristensen S, Schad LR, Almeida J. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alters Functional Network Structure in Humans: A Graph Theoretical Analysis. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2019; 38:2829-2837. [PMID: 31071024 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2915206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is routinely used in basic and clinical research, but its efficacy has been challenged on a methodological, statistical and technical basis recently. The arguments against tDCS derive from an insufficient understanding of how this technique interacts with brain processes physiologically. Because of its potential as a central tool in neuroscience, it is important to clarify whether tDCS affects neuronal activity. Here, we investigate influences of offline tDCS on network architecture measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Applied to one network node only, offline tDCS affects the architecture of the entire functional network. Furthermore, offline tDCS exerts polarity-specific effects on the topology of the functional network attached. Our results confirm in a functioning brain and in a bias free and independent fashion that offline tDCS influences neuronal activity. Moreover, our results suggest that network-specific connectivity has an important role in improving our understanding of the effects of tDCS.
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Wahl AS, Löffler M, Hausner L, Ruttorf M, Nees F, Frölich L. Case report: a giant arachnoid cyst masking Alzheimer's disease. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:274. [PMID: 31488095 PMCID: PMC6728996 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial arachnoid cysts are usually benign congenital findings of neuroimaging modalities, sometimes however, leading to focal neurological and psychiatric comorbidities. Whether primarily clinically silent cysts may become causally involved in cognitive decline in old age is neither well examined nor understood. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year old caucasian man presenting with a giant left-hemispheric frontotemporal cyst without progression of size, presented with slowly progressive cognitive decline. Neuropsychological assessment revealed an amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) without further neurological or psychiatric symptoms. The patient showed mild medio-temporal lobe atrophy on structural MRI. Diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging depicted a rather sustained function of the strongly suppressed left hemisphere. Amyloid-PET imaging was positive for increased amyloid burden and he was homozygous for the APOEε3-gene. A diagnosis of MCI due to Alzheimer's disease was given and a co-morbidity with a silent arachnoid cyst was assumed. To investigate, if a potentially reduced CSF flow due to the giant arachnoid cyst contributed to the early manifestation of AD, we reviewed 15 case series of subjects with frontotemporal arachnoid cysts and cognitive decline. However, no increased manifestation of neurodegenerative disorders was reported. CONCLUSIONS With this case report, we illustrate the necessity of a systematic work-up for neurodegenerative disorders in patients with arachnoid cysts and emerging cognitive decline. We finally propose a modus operandi for the stratification and management of patients with arachnoid cysts potentially susceptive for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophia Wahl
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Martin Löffler
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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Zidda F, Griebe M, Ebert A, Ruttorf M, Roßmanith C, Gass A, Andoh J, Nees F, Szabo K. Resting-state connectivity alterations during transient global amnesia. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101869. [PMID: 31153000 PMCID: PMC6543172 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While the pathophysiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) is not understood, due to the specific nature of the clinical deficits, transient dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe, especially in the hippocampus, is assumed; however, concomitant disturbances in other brain regions and in executive function have been postulated. In this study, a cohort of 16 patients was prospectively recruited from the emergency department for resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) during the acute stage of TGA, as confirmed by a standardized neuropsychological assessment. Twenty age- and sex-matched controls, as well as twenty patients with a history of TGA, were recruited for comparison. Functional data were processed using independent component analysis (ICA), allowing the complete automatic (data-driven) identification of spontaneous network dynamics. We documented a severe disturbance in anterograde episodic long-term memory in all patients. Group-based ICA of resting-state data in acute TGA patients versus that of controls and patients with a past TGA episode demonstrated reduced FC mainly of structures belonging to the executive network (EN), but also the hippocampus, confirming its pathophysiological involvement in the disorder, as well as areas belonging to the salience network and other subcortical regions. No significant differences were found when comparing connectivity in patients with a history of TGA and controls. Our findings strengthen previous empirical and theoretical accounts of hippocampal and executive dysfunction in TGA. The disruption of frontal, parietal and insular control regions, together with disruption in the hippocampus, provides a new interpretation for the pathophysiology and neuropsychological profile of this neurological disorder on a large-scale network level During TGA connectivity is reduced in areas within and outside the executive network, including the hippocampus. Relevant hubs within the salience network and subcortical regions are also involved. The acute stage of TGA is interpreted on a large-scale network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zidda
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Anne Ebert
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Christina Roßmanith
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jamila Andoh
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Cavalli J, Ruttorf M, Pahi MR, Zidda F, Flor H, Nees F. Oxytocin differentially modulates pavlovian cue and context fear acquisition. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:976-983. [PMID: 28402515 PMCID: PMC5472122 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear acquisition and extinction have been demonstrated as core mechanisms for the development and maintenance of mental disorders, with different contributions of processing cues vs contexts. The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin (OXT) may have a prominent role in this context, as it has been shown to affect fear learning. However, investigations have focused on cue conditioning, and fear extinction. Its differential role for cue and context fear acquisition is still not known. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLC)-controlled design, we administered an intranasal dose of OXT or PLC before the acquisition of cue and context fear conditioning in healthy individuals (n = 52), and assessed brain responses, skin conductance responses and self-reports (valence/arousal/contingency). OXT compared with PLC significantly induced decreased responses in the nucleus accumbens during early cue and context acquisition, and decreased responses of the anterior cingulate cortex and insula during early as well as increased hippocampal response during late context, but not cue acquisition. The OXT group additionally showed significantly higher arousal in late cue and context acquisition. OXT modulates various aspects of cue and context conditioning, which is relevant from a mechanism-based perspective and might have implications for the treatment of fear and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cavalli
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mario Rosero Pahi
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Francesca Zidda
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Zidda F, Andoh J, Pohlack S, Winkelmann T, Dinu-Biringer R, Cavalli J, Ruttorf M, Nees F, Flor H. Default mode network connectivity of fear- and anxiety-related cue and context conditioning. Neuroimage 2017; 165:190-199. [PMID: 29050910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical fear conditioning is an important mechanism to adequately respond and adapt to environmental threats and has been related to the development of fear and anxiety. Both cue and context conditioning have been studied but little is known about their relation to relevant resting state networks. The default mode network (DMN) has been reported to be involved in affective learning and described as facilitating a state of readiness in responding to environmental changes. We examined resting state brain connectivity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in 119 healthy volunteers. Specifically, we carried out correlation analyses between the DMN and skin conductance responses (SCRs) as well as arousal, valence and contingency ratings during learning. In addition, we examined the role of trait anxiety. Two different DMN patterns were identified in which stronger connectivity was linked to lower differential SCRs during fear and anxiety learning. One was related to cue conditioning and involved the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex, and one was associated with context conditioning and included the hippocampal formation and sensorimotor areas. These results were replicated in an independent sample. Functional connectivity of the DMN with these key regions at rest was also predictive of trait anxiety but this association could not be replicated in the second sample. We showed that DMN connectivity is differently associated with cued versus contextual learning mechanisms. Uncovering individual differences in baseline network connectivity of the DMN with these key regions might lead to a better understanding of fear and anxiety. Such findings could indeed help to identify vulnerability factors linked to network alterations at rest with dysregulation of learning processes involved in the pathophysiology of stress and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zidda
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jamila Andoh
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pohlack
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkelmann
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ramona Dinu-Biringer
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Juliana Cavalli
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany.
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Almeida J, Martins AR, Bergström F, Amaral L, Freixo A, Ganho-Ávila A, Kristensen S, Lee D, Nogueira J, Ruttorf M. Polarity-specific transcranial direct current stimulation effects on object-selective neural responses in the inferior parietal lobe. Cortex 2017; 94:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nees F, Griebe M, Ebert A, Ruttorf M, Gerber B, Wolf OT, Schad LR, Gass A, Szabo K. Implicit Learning in Transient Global Amnesia and the Role of Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:222. [PMID: 27909401 PMCID: PMC5112253 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a disorder with reversible anterograde disturbance of explicit memory, frequently preceded by an emotionally or physically stressful event. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following an episode of TGA, small hippocampal lesions have been observed. Hence it has been postulated that the disorder is caused by the stress-related transient inhibition of memory formation in the hippocampus. In experimental studies, stress has been shown to affect both explicit and implicit learning—the latter defined as learning and memory processes that lack conscious awareness of the information acquired. To test the hypothesis that impairment of implicit learning in TGA is present and related to stress, we determined the effect of experimental exposure to stress on hippocampal activation patterns during an implicit learning paradigm in patients who suffered a recent TGA and healthy matched control subjects. We used a hippocampus-dependent aversive learning procedure (context conditioning with the phases habituation, acquisition, and extinction) during functional MRI following experimental stress exposure (socially evaluated cold pressor test). After a control procedure, controls showed successful learning during the acquisition phase, indicated by increased valence, arousal and contingency ratings to the paired (CON+) vs. the non-paired (CON−) conditioned stimulus, and successful extinction of the conditioned responses. Following stress, acquisition was still successful, however extinction was impaired with persistently increased contingency ratings. In contrast, TGA patients showed impairment of conditioned responses and insufficient extinction after the control procedure, indicated by a lack of significant differences between CON+ and CON− for valence and arousal ratings after the acquisition phase and by significantly increased contingency ratings after the extinction. After stress, aversive learning was not successful with non-significant ratings of all parameters. Concerning brain activation patterns after the control procedure, controls showed increased hippocampal response during acquisition after the control procedure. This was not seen after stress exposure. In TGA patients, we observed an increased response in the right ventral striatum in the acquisition phase following stress. These findings suggest that alterations in implicit learning processes, including impaired hippocampal and increased striatal responses, might play a role in TGA pathophysiology, partly related to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Ebert
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gerber
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
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Wicking M, Steiger F, Nees F, Diener SJ, Grimm O, Ruttorf M, Schad LR, Winkelmann T, Wirtz G, Flor H. Deficient fear extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 136:116-126. [PMID: 27686278 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might be maintained by deficient extinction memory. We used a cued fear conditioning design with extinction and a post-extinction phase to provoke the return of fear and examined the role of the interplay of amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal regions. METHODS We compared 18 PTSD patients with two healthy control groups: 18 trauma-exposed subjects without PTSD (nonPTSD) and 18 healthy controls (HC) without trauma experience. They underwent a three-day ABC-conditioning procedure in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Two geometric shapes that served as conditioned stimuli (CS) were presented in the context of virtual reality scenes. Electric painful stimuli were delivered after one of the two shapes (CS+) during acquisition (in context A), while the other (CS-) was never paired with pain. Extinction was performed in context B and extinction memory was tested in a novel context C. RESULTS The PTSD patients showed significantly higher differential skin conductance responses than the non-PTSD and HC and higher differential amygdala and hippocampus activity than the HC in context C. In addition, elevated arousal to the CS+ during extinction and to the CS- throughout the experiment was present in the PTSD patients but self-reported differential valence or contingency were not different. During extinction recall, differential amygdala activity correlated positively with the intensity of numbing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity correlated positively with behavioral avoidance. CONCLUSIONS PTSD patients show heightened return of fear in neural and peripheral measures. In addition, self-reported arousal was high to both danger (CS+) and safety (CS-) cues. These results suggest that a deficient maintenance of extinction and a failure to identify safety signals might contribute to PTSD symptoms, whereas non-PTSD subjects seem to show normal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Wicking
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Frauke Steiger
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Slawomira J Diener
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universität, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Tobias Winkelmann
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Gustav Wirtz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach GmbH, Guttmannstr. 1, 76307 Karlsbad, Germany.
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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13
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Diener SJ, Nees F, Wessa M, Wirtz G, Frommberger U, Penga T, Ruttorf M, Ruf M, Schmahl C, Flor H. Reduced amygdala responsivity during conditioning to trauma-related stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1460-71. [PMID: 27412783 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exaggerated conditioned fear responses and impaired extinction along with amygdala overactivation have been observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These fear responses might be triggered by cues related to the trauma through higher-order conditioning, where reminders of the trauma may serve as unconditioned stimuli (US) and could maintain the fear response. We compared arousal, valence, and US expectancy ratings and BOLD brain responses using fMRI in 14 traumatized persons with PTSD and 14 without PTSD (NPTSD) and 13 matched healthy controls (HC) in a differential aversive conditioning paradigm. The US were trauma-specific pictures for the PTSD and NPTSD group and equally aversive and arousing for the HC; the conditioned stimuli (CS) were graphic displays. During conditioning, the PTSD patients compared to the NPTSD and HC indicated higher arousal to the conditioned stimulus that was paired with the trauma picture (CS+) compared to the unpaired (CS-), increased dissociation during acquisition and extinction, and failure to extinguish the CS/US-association compared to NPTSD. During early and late acquisition, the PTSD patients showed a significantly lower amygdala activation to CS+ versus CS- and a negative interaction between activation in the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), while NPTSD and HC displayed a negative interaction between amygdala and medial PFC. These findings suggest maladaptive anticipatory coping with trauma-related stimuli in patients with PTSD, indicated by enhanced conditioning, with related abnormal amygdala reactivity and connectivity, and delayed extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomira J Diener
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gustav Wirtz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach GmbH, Karlsbad, Germany
| | - Ulrich Frommberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, MediClin Klinik an der Lindenhöhe, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Tina Penga
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruf
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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14
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Pohlack ST, Nees F, Ruttorf M, Cacciaglia R, Winkelmann T, Schad LR, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Flor H. Neural Mechanism of a Sex-Specific Risk Variant for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Type I Receptor of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:840-7. [PMID: 25680674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent anxiety disorder with higher prevalence rates in female patients than in male patients (2.5:1). Association with a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2267735) in the gene ADCYAP1R1 encoding the type I receptor (PAC1-R) of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide has been reported with PTSD in female patients. We sought to identify the neural correlates of the described PAC1-R effects on associative learning. METHODS In a reverse genetic approach, we examined two independent healthy samples (N1 = 112, N2 = 73) using functional magnetic resonance imaging during cued and contextual fear conditioning. Skin conductance responses and verbal self-reports of arousal, valence, and contingency were recorded. RESULTS We found that PAC1-R modulates the blood oxygenation level-dependent response of the hippocampus. Specifically, we observed decreased hippocampal activity during contextual, but not during cued, fear conditioning in female participants carrying the PAC1-R risk allele. We observed no significant differences in conditionability for skin conductance responses, verbal reports, or activation in other brain regions between the genotype groups in female participants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that impaired contextual conditioning in the hippocampal formation may mediate the association between PAC1-R and PTSD symptoms. Our findings potentially identify a missing link between the involvement of PAC1-R in PTSD and the well-established structural and functional hippocampal deficits in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Pohlack
- Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Central Institute of Mental Health, and Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkelmann
- Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Central Institute of Mental Health, and Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Departments of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional behavioural and neural processing of reward has been found in currently depressed individuals. However, little is known about altered reward processing in remitted depressed individuals. METHOD A total of 23 medication-free individuals with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and 23 matched healthy controls (HCs) performed a reward task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also investigated reward dependence, novelty seeking and harm avoidance using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and their association with neural responses of reward processing. RESULTS Compared to HCs, individuals with rMDD exhibited enhanced responses to reward-predicting cues in the hippocampus, amygdala and superior frontal gyrus. When reward was delivered, rMDD subjects did not significantly differ from HCs. In both groups neural activity during reward anticipation was negatively correlated with harm avoidance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that rMDD is characterized by hyperactivation in fronto-limbic regions during reward anticipation. Alterations in neural activation during reward processing might reflect an increased effort in remitted depressed individuals to allocate neural activity for executive and evaluative processes during anticipatory reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ubl
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - C Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - P Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - M Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
| | - C Diener
- School of Applied Psychology,SRH University of Applied Science,Heidelberg,Germany
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Davids M, Ruttorf M, Zollner FG, Schad LR. Fast and robust design of time-optimal k-space trajectories in MRI. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2015; 34:564-577. [PMID: 25314699 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2362681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many applications in MRI such as accelerated receive and transmit sequences require the synthesis of nonuniform 3-D gradient trajectories. Several methods have been proposed to design these gradient trajectories in a time-optimal manner, subject to hardware specific gradient magnitude and slew rate constraints. In this work a novel method is derived that designs time-optimal trajectories, solely based on a set of arbitrarily chosen control points in k-space. In particular, no path constraint is required for the k-space trajectory. It is shown that the above problem can be formulated as a constrained optimization problem. The fact that the objective function is derived in an analytic manner allows for designing time-optimal 3-D gradient trajectories within only few seconds without any significant numerical instabilities. The utilization of the shape of the trajectory--serving as a degree of freedom--results in significantly accelerated trajectories compared to current standard methods. This is proven in an extensive evaluation of the proposed method and in comparison with what can be considered the current Gold Standard method. The proposed Gradient Basis Function method provides significant benefits over current standard methods in terms of the duration of the trajectory (in average 9.2% acceleration), computation time (acceleration by at least 25% up to factors of 100), and robustness (no significant numerical instabilities).
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17
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Ubl B, Kuehner C, Kirsch P, Ruttorf M, Diener C, Flor H. Altered neural reward and loss processing and prediction error signalling in depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1102-12. [PMID: 25567763 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional processing of reward and punishment may play an important role in depression. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown heterogeneous results for reward processing in fronto-striatal regions. We examined neural responsivity associated with the processing of reward and loss during anticipation and receipt of incentives and related prediction error (PE) signalling in depressed individuals. Thirty medication-free depressed persons and 28 healthy controls performed an fMRI reward paradigm. Regions of interest analyses focused on neural responses during anticipation and receipt of gains and losses and related PE-signals. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between neural responsivity during gain/loss processing and hedonic capacity. When compared with healthy controls, depressed individuals showed reduced fronto-striatal activity during anticipation of gains and losses. The groups did not significantly differ in response to reward and loss outcomes. In depressed individuals, activity increases in the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation were associated with hedonic capacity. Depressed individuals showed an absence of reward-related PEs but encoded loss-related PEs in the ventral striatum. Depression seems to be linked to blunted responsivity in fronto-striatal regions associated with limited motivational responses for rewards and losses. Alterations in PE encoding might mirror blunted reward- and enhanced loss-related associative learning in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ubl
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, and
| | - Carsten Diener
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, School of Applied Psychology, SRH University of Applied Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,
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Rance M, Ruttorf M, Nees F, Schad LR, Flor H. Neurofeedback of the difference in activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior insular cortex: two functionally connected areas in the processing of pain. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:357. [PMID: 25360092 PMCID: PMC4197653 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the analysis of the effect of a learned increase in the dissociation between the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and the left posterior insula (pInsL) on pain intensity and unpleasantness and the contribution of each region to the effect, exploring the possibility to influence the perception of pain with neurofeedback methods. We trained ten healthy subjects to increase the difference in the blood oxygenation level-dependent response between the rACC and pInsL to painful electric stimuli. Subjects learned to increase the dissociation with either the rACC (state 1) or the pInsL (state 2) being higher. For feedback we subtracted the signal of one region from the other and provided feedback in four conditions with six trials each yielding two different states: [rACC-pInsL increase (state 1), rACC-pInsL decrease (state 2), pInsL-rACC increase (state 2), pInsL-rACC decrease (state 1)]. Significant changes in the dissociation from trial one to six were seen in all conditions. There were significant changes from trial one to six in the pInsL in three of the four conditions, the rACC showed no significant change. Pain intensity or unpleasantness ratings were unrelated to the dissociation between the regions and the activation in each region. Learning success in the conditions did not significantly correlate and there was no significant correlation between the two respective conditions of one state, i.e., learning to achieve a specific state is not a stable ability. The pInsL seems to be the driving force behind changes in the learned dissociation between the regions. Despite successful differential modulation of activation in areas responsive to the painful stimulus, no corresponding changes in the perception of pain intensity or unpleasantness emerged. Learning to induce different states of dissociation between the areas is not a stable ability since success did not correlate overall or between two conditions of the the same state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Rance
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
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Rance M, Ruttorf M, Nees F, Schad LR, Flor H. Real time fMRI feedback of the anterior cingulate and posterior insular cortex in the processing of pain. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5784-98. [PMID: 25045017 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-regulation of brain activation using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to train subjects to modulate activation in various brain areas and has been associated with behavioral changes such as altered pain perception. The aim of this study was to assess the comparability of upregulation versus downregulation of activation in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and left posterior insula (pInsL) and its effect on pain intensity and unpleasantness. In a first study, we trained 10 healthy subjects to separately upregulate and downregulate the blood oxygenation level-dependent response in the rACC or pInsL (six trials on 4 days) in response to painful electrical stimulation. The participants learned to significantly downregulate activation in pInsL and rACC and upregulate pInsL but not rACC. Success in the modulation of one region and direction of the modulation was not significantly correlated with success in another condition, indicating that the ability to control pain-related brain activation is site-specific. Less covariation between the areas in response to the nociceptive stimulus was positively correlated with learning success. Upregulation or downregulation of either region was unrelated to pain intensity or unpleasantness; however, our subjects did not learn rACC upregulation, which might be important for pain control. A significant increase in pain unpleasantness was found during upregulation of pInsL when covariation with the rACC was low. These initial results suggest that the state of the network involved in the processing of pain needs to be considered in the modulation of pain-evoked activation and its behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Rance
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Davids M, Zöllner FG, Ruttorf M, Nees F, Flor H, Schumann G, Schad LR. Fully-automated quality assurance in multi-center studies using MRI phantom measurements. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:771-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mochizuki H, Baumgärtner U, Kamping S, Ruttorf M, Schad LR, Flor H, Kakigi R, Treede RD. Cortico-subcortical activation patterns for itch and pain imagery. Pain 2013; 154:1989-1998. [PMID: 23769719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The imagery of itch and pain evokes emotional responses and covert motor responses (scratching to itch and withdrawal to pain). This suggests some similarity in cerebral mechanisms. However, itch is more socially contagious than pain, as evidenced by the fact that scratching behaviors can be easily initiated by watching itch-inducing situations, whereas withdrawal is less easily initiated by watching painful situations. Thus, we assumed that the cerebral mechanisms of itch imagery partly differ from those of pain imagery in particular with respect to motor regions. We addressed this issue in 18 healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The subjects were instructed to imagine itch and pain sensations in their own bodies while viewing pictures depicting stimuli associated with these sensations. Itch and pain imagery activated the anterior insular cortex (aIC) and motor-related regions such as supplementary motor area, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Activity in these regions was not significantly different between itch and pain imagery. However, functional connectivity between motor-related regions and the aIC showed marked differences between itch and pain imagery. Connectivity with the aIC was stronger in the primary motor and premotor cortices during pain imagery and stronger in the globus pallidus during itch imagery. These findings indicate that brain regions associated with imagery of itch are the same as those involved in imagery of pain, but their functional networks differ. These differences in brain networks may explain why motor responses to itch are more socially contagious than those related to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Pohlack ST, Nees F, Ruttorf M, Schad LR, Flor H. Activation of the ventral striatum during aversive contextual conditioning in humans. Biol Psychol 2012; 91:74-80. [PMID: 22560888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pohlack ST, Nees F, Ruttorf M, Witt SH, Nieratschker V, Rietschel M, Flor H. Risk variant for schizophrenia in the neurogranin gene impacts on hippocampus activation during contextual fear conditioning. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:1072-3. [PMID: 21647148 PMCID: PMC3199731 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S T Pohlack
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - F Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Ruttorf
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Nieratschker
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,E-mail:
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