1
|
Niemann F, Riemann S, Hubert AK, Antonenko D, Thielscher A, Martin AK, Unger N, Flöel A, Meinzer M. Electrode positioning errors reduce current dose for focal tDCS set-ups: Evidence from individualized electric field mapping. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:201-209. [PMID: 38643613 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrode positioning errors contribute to variability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects. We investigated the impact of electrode positioning errors on current flow for tDCS set-ups with different focality. METHODS Deviations from planned electrode positions were determined using data acquired in an experimental study (N = 240 datasets) that administered conventional and focal tDCS during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Comparison of individualized electric field modeling for planned and empirically derived "actual" electrode positions was conducted to quantify the impact of positioning errors on the electric field dose in target regions for tDCS. RESULTS Planned electrode positions resulted in higher current dose in the target regions for focal compared to conventional montages (7-12%). Deviations from planned positions significantly reduced current flow in the target regions, selectively for focal set-ups (26-30%). Dose reductions were significantly larger for focal compared to conventional set-ups (29-43%). CONCLUSIONS Precise positioning is crucial when using focal tDCS set-ups to avoid significant reductions of current dose in the intended target regions. SIGNIFICANCE Our results highlight the urgent need to routinely implement methods for improving electrode positioning, minimization of electrode drift, verification of electrode positions before and/or after tDCS and also to consider positioning errors when investigating dose-response relationships, especially for focal set-ups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Niemann
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Riemann
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hubert
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Kent University, School of Psychology, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Unger
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kokici L, Chirtop G, Ferguson HJ, Martin AK. Loneliness is associated with a greater self-reference effect in episodic memory when compared against a close friend. Br J Psychol 2023. [PMID: 37022204 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness describes a negative experience associated with perceived social disconnection. Despite the clear links between loneliness and mental and physical health, relatively little is known about how loneliness affects cognition. In this study, we tested the effect of loneliness on cognitive distance between the self and others, using a task in which participants completed a surprise memory task for adjectives implicitly encoded in relation to the self, a close friend or a celebrity. We assessed item memory sensitivity, metacognitive sensitivity, metacognitive efficiency and source memory for positive and negative words. In addition, participants reported their trait loneliness and depression. Results revealed an overall self-referential advantage compared with both friend and celebrity encoded items. Likewise, a friend-referential advantage was identified compared to celebrity-encoded items. Individuals who experienced more loneliness showed a greater self-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to a close friend, and a smaller friend-referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to celebrity. These findings suggest that loneliness is reflected in a greater cognitive distance between the self and close friends in relation to memory biases. The results have important implications for understanding the social contextual effects on memory and the cognitive ramifications of loneliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laureta Kokici
- School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew K Martin
- School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Improving the productivity of the allied health workforce is a global priority in response to the increasing incidence of chronic disease, associated healthcare costs, and insufficient workforce volume. Team-based healthcare, specifically allied health transdisciplinary teams, might be a solution to improve the utilization of workforce while maintaining high-quality and value-based healthcare. Allied health transdisciplinary teams can be a valuable solution in settings where care is delivered by different allied health professionals. Transdisciplinary teams embrace overlapping skills and blur traditional professional boundaries, allowing one professional to deliver certain aspects of care without eroding the skills and knowledge that each profession offers. The objective of this scoping review is to systematically examine and map the characteristics, outcomes, facilitators, and barriers of contemporary allied health transdisciplinary models of care that have been implemented in hospital settings. The scoping review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Three screening rounds were completed by two independent reviewers. Included sources were synthesized using descriptive and tabular analysis. Nine studies that evaluated hospital-based allied health transdisciplinary teams were included. One study was a randomized controlled trial, five were experimental quantitative studies, two utilized qualitative analyses, and one was a conference abstract. Most studies reported improvements in time-efficiency, quality of care, and positive stakeholder perceptions. One study reported labor and capital cost savings. Barriers and facilitators of transdisciplinary teams were categorized by the authors as person/interpersonal, workflow, organizational or implementation factors. This review presents some evidence that demonstrates the potential of hospital-based allied health transdisciplinary teams, however high-quality evidence is scarce. Further primary research should focus on stakeholder perceptions, and labor and capital cost outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - T L Green
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland - Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A L McCarthy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P M Sowa
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E-L Laakso
- Allied Health, Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scott NJ, Ghanem M, Beck B, Martin AK. Depressive traits are associated with a reduced effect of choice on intentional binding. Conscious Cogn 2022; 105:103412. [PMID: 36087487 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A sense of agency (SoA) over wilful actions is thought to be dependent on the level of choice and the nature of the outcome. In a preregistered study, we manipulated choice and valence of outcome to assess the relationship between SoA across the depression and psychosis continuum. Participants (N = 151) completed a Libet Clock task, in which they had either a free or forced choice to press one of two buttons and received either a rewarding or punishing outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires on depressive and psychosis-like traits. Rewarding outcomes increased intentional binding. The evidence favoured no effect of choice on average, but this was influenced by inter-individual differences. Individuals reporting more depressive traits had less of a difference in intentional binding between free and forced choice conditions. We show that implicit SoA is sensitive to outcome valence and the effect of choice differs across the depression continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Scott
- School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Ghanem
- School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - B Beck
- School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - A K Martin
- School of Psychology, The University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roheger M, Brenning J, Riemann S, Martin AK, Flöel A, Meinzer M. Progression of socio-cognitive impairment from healthy aging to Alzheimer's Dementia: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104796. [PMID: 35905800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trajectories of decline across different socio-cognitive domains in healthy older adults and in pathological aging conditions have not been investigated. This was addressed in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched for studies investigating social cognition across four domains (Theory of Mind, ToM; emotion recognition, ER; Social-decision making, SD; visual perspective taking, VPT) in healthy older individuals, individuals with subjective and mild cognitive impairment (SCD, MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of 8,137 screened studies, 132 studies were included in the review. ToM and ER showed a clear progression of impairment from normal aging to AD. Differential patterns of decline were identified for different types of ToM and ER. CONCLUSION This systematic review identified progression of impairment of specific socio-cognitive abilities, which is the necessary pre-requisite for developing targeted interventions. We identified a lack of research on socio-cognitive decline in different populations (e.g., middle age, SCD and MCI-subtypes) and domains (SDM, VPT). REGISTRATION CRD42020191607, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Roheger
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jana Brenning
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Riemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom CT2 7NP
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ekhtiari H, Ghobadi-Azbari P, Thielscher A, Antal A, Li LM, Shereen AD, Cabral-Calderin Y, Keeser D, Bergmann TO, Jamil A, Violante IR, Almeida J, Meinzer M, Siebner HR, Woods AJ, Stagg CJ, Abend R, Antonenko D, Auer T, Bächinger M, Baeken C, Barron HC, Chase HW, Crinion J, Datta A, Davis MH, Ebrahimi M, Esmaeilpour Z, Falcone B, Fiori V, Ghodratitoostani I, Gilam G, Grabner RH, Greenspan JD, Groen G, Hartwigsen G, Hauser TU, Herrmann CS, Juan CH, Krekelberg B, Lefebvre S, Liew SL, Madsen KH, Mahdavifar-Khayati R, Malmir N, Marangolo P, Martin AK, Meeker TJ, Ardabili HM, Moisa M, Momi D, Mulyana B, Opitz A, Orlov N, Ragert P, Ruff CC, Ruffini G, Ruttorf M, Sangchooli A, Schellhorn K, Schlaug G, Sehm B, Soleimani G, Tavakoli H, Thompson B, Timmann D, Tsuchiyagaito A, Ulrich M, Vosskuhl J, Weinrich CA, Zare-Bidoky M, Zhang X, Zoefel B, Nitsche MA, Bikson M. A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of concurrent tES-fMRI studies (ContES checklist): a consensus study and statement. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:596-617. [PMID: 35121855 PMCID: PMC7612687 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including alternating or direct current stimulation, applies weak electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of brain circuits. Integration of tES with concurrent functional MRI (fMRI) allows for the mapping of neural activity during neuromodulation, supporting causal studies of both brain function and tES effects. Methodological aspects of tES-fMRI studies underpin the results, and reporting them in appropriate detail is required for reproducibility and interpretability. Despite the growing number of published reports, there are no consensus-based checklists for disclosing methodological details of concurrent tES-fMRI studies. The objective of this work was to develop a consensus-based checklist of reporting standards for concurrent tES-fMRI studies to support methodological rigor, transparency and reproducibility (ContES checklist). A two-phase Delphi consensus process was conducted by a steering committee (SC) of 13 members and 49 expert panelists through the International Network of the tES-fMRI Consortium. The process began with a circulation of a preliminary checklist of essential items and additional recommendations, developed by the SC on the basis of a systematic review of 57 concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Contributors were then invited to suggest revisions or additions to the initial checklist. After the revision phase, contributors rated the importance of the 17 essential items and 42 additional recommendations in the final checklist. The state of methodological transparency within the 57 reviewed concurrent tES-fMRI studies was then assessed by using the checklist. Experts refined the checklist through the revision and rating phases, leading to a checklist with three categories of essential items and additional recommendations: (i) technological factors, (ii) safety and noise tests and (iii) methodological factors. The level of reporting of checklist items varied among the 57 concurrent tES-fMRI papers, ranging from 24% to 76%. On average, 53% of checklist items were reported in a given article. In conclusion, use of the ContES checklist is expected to enhance the methodological reporting quality of future concurrent tES-fMRI studies and increase methodological transparency and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lucia M Li
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Imaging Lab, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK DRI Centre for Care Research and Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Duke Shereen
- Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuranny Cabral-Calderin
- Research Group Neural and Environmental Rhythms, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Asif Jamil
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ines R Violante
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rany Abend
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tibor Auer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marc Bächinger
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny Crinion
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Research and Development, Soterix Medical, New York, USA
- The City College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew H Davis
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Falcone
- Northrop Grumman Company, Mission Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Valentina Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Iman Ghodratitoostani
- Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory (NEL), Center for Engineering Applied to Health, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roland H Grabner
- Educational Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joel D Greenspan
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Groen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bart Krekelberg
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanie Lefebvre
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, K, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Nastaran Malmir
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paola Marangolo
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Aphasia Research Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Timothy J Meeker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marius Moisa
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Momi
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beni Mulyana
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natasza Orlov
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michaela Ruttorf
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Neuroimaging-Neuromodulation and Stroke Recovery Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Baystate-University of Massachusetts Medical School, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosna Tavakoli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Vosskuhl
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Weinrich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Benedikt Zoefel
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martin AK, Su P, Meinzer M. Improving Cross-cultural "Mind-reading" with Electrical Brain Stimulation. Neuroscience 2020; 455:107-112. [PMID: 33346121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A cross-cultural disadvantage exists when inferring the mental state of others, which may be detrimental for individuals acting in an increasingly globalized world. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is a key hub of the social brain involved in ToM. We explored whether facilitation of dmPFC function by focal high-definition tDCS can improve cross-cultural mind-reading. 52 (26 F/M) Singaporeans performed the Caucasian version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and received HD-tDCS to either the dmPFC or a control site (right temporoparietal junction, rTPJ) in sham-controlled, double-blinded, crossover studies. Contact with Caucasians was determined for the Singaporean cohort as a potential mediator of RMET performance and HD-tDCS response. 52 Caucasians completed the RMET during sham-tDCS and served as a comparison group. A cross-cultural disadvantage on the RMET was confirmed in the Singaporean cohort and this disadvantage was more pronounced in those participants who had less contact with Caucasians. Importantly, HD-tDCS to the dmPFC improved RMET performance in those with less contact. No effect was identified for rTPJ HD-tDCS or for the age/sex control task demonstrating task and site specificity of the stimulation effects. Electrical stimulation of the dmPFC selectively improves the rate of cross-cultural ToM inference from facial cues, effectively removing cross-cultural disadvantage that was found in individuals with lower cross-cultural exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Australia; The University of Kent, Department of Psychology, Canterbury, UK.
| | - P Su
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Meinzer
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, Australia; University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gbadeyan O, Steinhauser M, Hunold A, Martin AK, Haueisen J, Meinzer M. Modulation of Adaptive Cognitive Control by Prefrontal High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:1174-1183. [PMID: 31045231 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adaptive cognitive control frequently declines in advanced age. Because high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improved cognitive control in young adults, we investigated if this montage can also improve cognitive control in older individuals. METHOD In a double-blind, sham HD-tDCS controlled, cross-over design, 36 older participants received right DLPFC HD-tDCS during a visual flanker task. Conflict adaptation (CA) effects on response time (RT) and error rates (ER) assessed adaptive cognitive control. Biophysical modeling assessed the magnitude and distribution of induced current in older adults. RESULTS Active HD-tDCS enhanced CA in older adults. However, this positive behavioral effect was limited to CA in ER. Similar to results obtained in healthy young adults, current modeling analysis demonstrated focal current delivery to the DLPFC with sufficient magnitude of the induced current to modulate neural function in older adults. DISCUSSION This study confirms the effectiveness of HD-tDCS to modulate adaptive cognitive control in advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyetunde Gbadeyan
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco Steinhauser
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Hunold
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Perceval G, Martin AK, Copland DA, Laine M, Meinzer M. Multisession transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates verbal learning and memory consolidation in young and older adults. Brain Lang 2020; 205:104788. [PMID: 32199339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of multisession transcranial direct-current stimulation on learning and maintenance of novel memory content and scrutinised effects of baseline cognitive status and the role of multi-session tDCS on overnight memory consolidation. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, sham-tDCS controlled design, 101 healthy young and older adults completed a five-day verbal associative learning paradigm while receiving multisession tDCS to the task-relevant left prefrontal cortex. In older adults, active multisession tDCS enhanced recall performance after each daily training session. Effects were maintained the next morning and during follow-up assessments (one week; three months). In young adults, multisession tDCS significantly increased long-term recall. Unlike previous findings in the motor domain, beneficial effects of multisession tDCS on cognitive learning and memory were notexclusively due to enhanced memory consolidation. Positive stimulation effects were primarily found in participants with lower baseline learning ability, suggesting that multisession tDCS may counteract memory impairment in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garon Perceval
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Andrew K Martin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia; University of Kent, Department of Psychology, Canterbury, UK
| | - David A Copland
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matti Laine
- Åbo Akademi University, Department of Psychology, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia; University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dzafic I, Oestreich L, Martin AK, Mowry B, Burianová H. Stria terminalis, amygdala, and temporoparietal junction networks facilitate efficient emotion processing under expectations. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5382-5396. [PMID: 31460690 PMCID: PMC6864902 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid emotion processing is an ecologically essential ability for survival in social environments in which threatening or advantageous encounters dynamically and rapidly occur. Efficient emotion recognition is subserved by different processes, depending on one's expectations; however, the underlying functional and structural circuitry is still poorly understood. In this study, we delineate brain networks that subserve fast recognition of emotion in situations either congruent or incongruent with prior expectations. For this purpose, we used multimodal neuroimaging and investigated performance on a dynamic emotion perception task. We show that the extended amygdala structural and functional networks relate to speed of emotion processing under threatening conditions. Specifically, increased microstructure of the right stria terminalis, an amygdala white-matter pathway, was related to faster detection of emotion during actual presentation of anger or after cueing anger. Moreover, functional connectivity of right amygdala with limbic regions was related to faster detection of anger congruent with cue, suggesting selective attention to threat. On the contrary, we found that faster detection of anger incongruent with cue engaged the ventral attention "reorienting" network. Faster detection of happiness, in either expectancy context, engaged a widespread frontotemporal-subcortical functional network. These findings shed light on the functional and structural circuitries that facilitate speed of emotion recognition and, for the first time, elucidate a role for the stria terminalis in human emotion processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilvana Dzafic
- Queensland Brain InstituteUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre for Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionAustralia
| | - Lena Oestreich
- Centre for Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Andrew K. Martin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of PsychologyDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain InstituteUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health ResearchBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hana Burianová
- Centre for Advanced ImagingUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of PsychologySwansea UniversitySwanseaUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dzafic I, Oestreich L, Martin AK, Mowry B, Burianová H. Cover Image. Hum Brain Mapp 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
12
|
Martin AK, Perceval G, Davies I, Su P, Huang J, Meinzer M. Visual perspective taking in young and older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 148:2006-2026. [DOI: 10.1037/xge0000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Martin AK, Barker MS, Gibson EC, Robinson GA. Response initiation and inhibition and the relationship with fluid intelligence across the adult lifespan. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 36:231-242. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cognitive processes associated with frontal lobe functioning are often termed “executive functions.” Two such processes are initiation and inhibition or the starting and stopping of responses. It has recently been claimed dysfunction of executive abilities can be explained by a single measure of fluid intelligence. Here, we test this claim, specifically for the executive abilities of response initiation and inhibition, across the healthy lifespan.
Method
In a cohort of 336 healthy adults (18–89 years), initiation and inhibition were assessed with the Hayling test, Stroop test, and phonemic and semantic verbal fluency. All participants also completed a measure of fluid intelligence. The relationship between fluid intelligence and executive measures was explored across the lifespan using a continuous approach. Mediation models were computed to assess whether age-related decline across the four initiation/inhibition tasks could be fully explained by a single measure of fluid intelligence.
Results
Age was negatively correlated with response initiation/inhibition and fluid intelligence. The mediation analyses identified only partial mediation of fluid intelligence for age and Hayling performance. By contrast, fluid intelligence did not mediate performance on the Stroop test or phonemic and semantic verbal fluency.
Conclusions
Response initiation/inhibition are not able to be explained by fluid intelligence. The results support a multifactorial theory of executive functions and provide evidence for the inclusion of multiple specific executive measures in a thorough neuropsychological assessment of age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - M S Barker
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Taub Institute, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - E C Gibson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G A Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martin AK, Su P, Meinzer M. Common and unique effects of HD-tDCS to the social brain across cultural groups. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107170. [PMID: 31425711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cultural background influences social cognition, however no study has examined brain stimulation differences attributable to cultural background. 104 young adults [52 South-East Asian Singaporeans (SEA); 52 Caucasian Australians (CA)] received anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) or the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). Participants completed tasks with varying demands on self-other processing including visual perspective taking (VPT)and episodic memory with self and other encoding. At baseline, SEA showed greater self-other integration than CA in the level one (line-of-sight) VPT task as indexed by greater interference from the alternate perspective. Anodal HD-tDCS to the dmPFC resulted in the CA performing closer to the SEA during egocentric perspective judgements. Baseline performance on level two (embodied rotation) VPT task and the self-reference effect (SRE) in episodic memory was comparable between the two groups. In the combined sample, HD-tDCS to the rTPJ decreased the interference from the egocentric perspective during level two VPT and dmPFC HD-tDCS removed the SRE in episodic memory. Stimulation effects were comparable when baseline performance was comparable. When baseline performance differed, stimulation differences were identified. Therefore, social cognitive differences due to cultural background are an important consideration in social brain stimulation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia; Durham University, Department of Psychology, Durham, UK.
| | - P Su
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Meinzer
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia; University of Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gibson EC, Barker MS, Martin AK, Robinson GA. Initiation, Inhibition and Strategy Generation Across the Healthy Adult Lifespan. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:511-523. [PMID: 30084878 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive functions are crucial for adaptive behavior in novel contexts. In healthy aging, these abilities are more sensitive to dysfunction than other cognitive abilities. The effect of aging on initiation, inhibition, and strategy use was investigated via performance on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test. METHOD The standard Hayling Test and baseline cognitive tests were administered to healthy adults (N = 344), aged 18-89 years (cross-sectional study). Bivariate Pearson's correlations, partial correlations, and regression analyses were used to assess the impact of aging on the components of the Hayling Test. RESULTS There were significant positive correlations between age and response time for both Initiation and Suppression, and the number of Suppression Errors. Further, older age was negatively associated with strategy use. These findings remained significant after controlling for demographic factors such as education and crystallized intelligence and other cognitive functions sensitive to aging such as fluid intelligence, attention, working memory and semantic and phonemic word fluency. CONCLUSIONS This study provides clarification of the effect of age on the processes of initiation, inhibition, and strategy generation across the adult lifespan. The focus and analysis of strategy on the Hayling Test provides clinicians with an additional and valuable measure of executive functioning. That is, it provides insight into how older adults may be able to compensate for decline in these processes, and thus maximize quality of life and independence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Gibson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Megan S Barker
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gbadeyan O, Steinhauser M, Martin AK, Meinzer M. Abstract #72: High-Definition tDCS to the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Cognitive Control in Young and Older Adults. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
17
|
Martin AK, Meinzer M, Gbadeyan O. Abstract #69: Self-other processing in young and older adults: a high-definition transcranial direct current study. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
18
|
Dzafic I, Burianová H, Martin AK, Mowry B. Neural correlates of dynamic emotion perception in schizophrenia and the influence of prior expectations. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:129-137. [PMID: 29910121 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired emotion perception is a well-established and stable deficit in schizophrenia; however, there is limited knowledge about the underlying aberrant cognitive and brain processes that result in emotion perception deficits. Recent influential work has shown that perceptual deficits in schizophrenia may result from aberrant precision in prior expectations, associated with disrupted activity in frontal regions. In the present study, we investigated the perception of dynamic, multisensory emotion, the influence of prior expectations and the underlying aberrant brain processes in schizophrenia. During a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan, participants completed the Dynamic Emotion Perception task, which induces prior expectations with emotion instruction cues. We delineated neural responses and functional connectivity in whole-brain large-scale networks underlying emotion perception. Compared to healthy individuals, schizophrenia patients had lower accuracy specifically for emotions that were congruent with prior expectations. At the neural level, schizophrenia patients had less engagement of right inferior frontal and parietal regions, as well as right amygdala dysconnectivity during discrimination of emotions congruent with prior expectations. The results indicate that individuals with schizophrenia may have aberrant prior expectations about emotional expressions, associated with under-activity in inferior frontoparietal regions and right amygdala dysconnectivity, which results in impaired perception of emotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilvana Dzafic
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Hana Burianová
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K Martin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martin AK, Huang J, Hunold A, Meinzer M. Dissociable Roles Within the Social Brain for Self–Other Processing: A HD-tDCS Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3642-3654. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Theories of right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) function in social cognition include self–other distinction, self-inhibition, or embodied rotation, whereas the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is associated with integrating social information. However, no study has provided causal evidence for dissociable roles of the rTPJ and dmPFC in social cognition. A total of 52 healthy young adults were stratified to receive either dmPFC or rTPJ anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in a sham-controlled, double-blinded, repeated measures design. Self–other processing was assessed across implicit and explicit level 1 (line-of-sight) and level 2 (mental rotation) visual perspective taking (VPT) tasks, and self–other effects on memory. DmPFC stimulation selectively increased the influence of the allocentric perspective during egocentric perspective taking, indexed by an increase in congruency effect across explicit VPT tasks. Moreover, dmPFC stimulation removed the self-reference effect in episodic memory by increasing the recognition of other and decreasing the recognition of self-encoded words. Stimulation of the rTPJ resulted in improved inhibition of the egocentric-perspective during level 2 VPT only, indexed by a reduction of the congruency effect when taking the allocentric perspective. This research supports theories suggesting that the rTPJ facilitates embodied mental rotation of the self into an alternate perspective, whereas the dmPFC integrates social information relevant to self-directed processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Huang
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Hunold
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - M Meinzer
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martin AK, Dzafic I, Ramdave S, Meinzer M. Causal evidence for task-specific involvement of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in human social cognition. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1209-1218. [PMID: 28444345 PMCID: PMC5597860 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is a key hub of the 'social brain', but little is known about specific processes supported by this region. Using focal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and a social cognitive battery with differing demands on self-other processing, we demonstrate specific involvement of the dmPFC in tasks placing high demands on self-other processing. Specifically, excitatory (anodal) HD-tDCS enhanced the integration of external information into the self for explicit higher-order socio-cognitive tasks across cognitive domains; i.e. visual perspective taking (VPT) and episodic memory. These effects were task specific, as no stimulation effects were found for attributing mental states from the eyes or implicit VPT. Inhibitory (cathodal) HD-tDCS had weaker effects in the opposite direction towards reduced integration of external information into the self. We thus demonstrate for the first time a specific and causal role of the dmPFC in integrating higher-order information from others/external source into that of the self across cognitive domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ilvana Dzafic
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Swathi Ramdave
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perceval G, Martin AK, Copland DA, Laine M, Meinzer M. High-definition tDCS of the temporo-parietal cortex enhances access to newly learned words. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17023. [PMID: 29208991 PMCID: PMC5717109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning associations between words and their referents is crucial for language learning in the developing and adult brain and for language re-learning after neurological injury. Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the posterior temporo-parietal cortex has been suggested to enhance this process. However, previous studies employed standard tDCS set-ups that induce diffuse current flow in the brain, preventing the attribution of stimulation effects to the target region. This study employed high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) that allowed the current flow to be constrained to the temporo-parietal cortex, to clarify its role in novel word learning. In a sham-controlled, double-blind, between-subjects design, 50 healthy adults learned associations between legal non-words and unfamiliar object pictures. Participants were stratified by baseline learning ability on a short version of the learning paradigm and pairwise randomized to active (20 mins; N = 25) or sham (40 seconds; N = 25) HD-tDCS. Accuracy was comparable during the baseline and experimental phases in both HD-tDCS conditions. However, active HD-tDCS resulted in faster retrieval of correct word-picture pairs. Our findings corroborate the critical role of the temporo-parietal cortex in novel word learning, which has implications for current theories of language acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garon Perceval
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew K Martin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matti Laine
- Åbo Akademi University, Department of Psychology, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martin AK, Meinzer M, Lindenberg R, Sieg MM, Nachtigall L, Flöel A. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Neural Networks in Young and Older Adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:1817-1828. [PMID: 28707568 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be a viable tool to improve motor and cognitive function in advanced age. However, although a number of studies have demonstrated improved cognitive performance in older adults, other studies have failed to show restorative effects. The neural effects of beneficial stimulation response in both age groups is lacking. In the current study, tDCS was administered during simultaneous fMRI in 42 healthy young and older participants. Semantic word generation and motor speech baseline tasks were used to investigate behavioral and neural effects of uni- and bihemispheric motor cortex tDCS in a three-way, crossover, sham tDCS controlled design. Independent components analysis assessed differences in task-related activity between the two age groups and tDCS effects at the network level. We also explored whether laterality of language network organization was effected by tDCS. Behaviorally, both active tDCS conditions significantly improved semantic word retrieval performance in young and older adults and were comparable between groups and stimulation conditions. Network-level tDCS effects were identified in the ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate networks in the combined sample during semantic fluency and motor speech tasks. In addition, a shift toward enhanced left laterality was identified in the older adults for both active stimulation conditions. Thus, tDCS results in common network-level modulations and behavioral improvements for both age groups, with an additional effect of increasing left laterality in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mira M Sieg
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Flöel
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,University of Greifswald
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martin AK, Dzafic I, Robinson GA, Reutens D, Mowry B. Mentalizing in schizophrenia: A multivariate functional MRI study. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:158-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Dzafic I, Martin AK, Hocking J, Mowry B, Burianová H. Dynamic emotion perception and prior expectancy. Neuropsychologia 2016; 86:131-40. [PMID: 27126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions require the ability to rapidly perceive emotion from various incoming dynamic, multisensory cues. Prior expectations reduce incoming emotional information and direct attention to cues that are aligned with what is expected. Studies to date have investigated the prior expectancy effect using static emotional images, despite the fact that dynamic stimuli would represent greater ecological validity. The objective of the study was to create a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to examine the influence of prior expectations on naturalistic emotion perception. For this purpose, we developed a dynamic emotion perception task, which consisted of audio-visual videos that carry emotional information congruent or incongruent with prior expectations. The results show that emotional congruency was associated with activity in prefrontal regions, amygdala, and putamen, whereas emotional incongruency was associated with activity in temporoparietal junction and mid-cingulate gyrus. Supported by the behavioural results, our findings suggest that prior expectations are reinforced after repeated experience and learning, whereas unexpected emotions may rely on fast change detection processes. The results from the current study are compatible with the notion that the ability to automatically detect unexpected changes in complex dynamic environments allows for adaptive behaviours in potentially advantageous or threatening situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilvana Dzafic
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrew K Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julia Hocking
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hana Burianová
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to antipsychotic medication. Although several studies have investigated associated patient characteristics, the emerging findings from genetic studies offer further scope for study. METHOD In 612 schizophrenia patients with detailed clinical information, common genetic variants indexed by polygenic risk scores, and rare variants indexed by deletion and duplication burden genomewide, we explored potential genetic predictors alongside other established risk factors for treatment resistance. Clinical outcomes of treatment resistance were also calculated using lifetime measures of positive, negative/disorganized and mood symptoms as well as number of hospitalizations and suicide attempts. RESULTS Logistic regression models identified a significant relationship between treatment resistance and total duplication burden genomewide, years of formal schooling and age at onset. Clinically, treatment-resistant patients were characterized by greater negative/disorganized and positive symptoms and greater number of hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest genetic information, specifically the genomewide burden of rare copy number variants, may increase our understanding and clinical management of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute,University of Queensland,St Lucia,Brisbane 4072,Australia
| | - B Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute,University of Queensland,St Lucia,Brisbane 4072,Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Martin AK, Robinson G, Reutens D, Mowry B. Common genetic risk variants are associated with positive symptoms and decision-making ability in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:606-8. [PMID: 26070766 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder associated with broad deficits across cognitive domains. As large genomewide association studies uncover the genetic architecture of schizophrenia, the relationship between common genetic variants and clinical and cognitive characteristics will form part of an integrative approach to understanding genetic effects on the clinical phenotype. In the current study, association between common genetic risk variants and clinical and cognitive variables was investigated. Common risk variants were associated with positive symptoms and decision-making ability from the Cambridge Gambling Task with trends in other domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Martin
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - G Robinson
- University of Queensland, School of Psychology, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - D Reutens
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - B Mowry
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; University of Queensland, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol 4076, Queensland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Martin AK, Robinson G, Reutens D, Mowry B. Clinical and parental age characteristics of rare copy number variant burden in patients with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:374-82. [PMID: 25943776 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variant (CNV) burden, especially for rare deletions, has been associated with risk for schizophrenia as well as phenotypic differences within cognitive and neuroimaging domains. The current study investigated clinical and parental age characteristics of rare CNV burden in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical data was collected for 629 patients with schizophrenia who formed part of a genomewide association study, which included CNV data. Parental age was available for 368 patients. Correlations were calculated between burden scores and positive, negative, and mood symptoms from the Lifetime Diagnostic Psychosis Scale as well as age at onset. Patients were grouped according to number of rare deletions, duplications, or total CNVs and MANOVAs used to investigate differences in clinical and parental age characteristics. Patients with the least number of CNVs had older fathers and larger parental age difference. Patients with no deletions had older mothers and those with five or more deletions had younger mothers. Total deletion, duplication, and CNV burden, as measured by number of base pairs, were not associated with clinical or parental age differences although total rare duplication burden had a negative correlation with positive symptoms that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Likewise, a positive correlation between age at onset and total CNV burden did not survive correction. Rare CNVs are associated with differences in parental age in patients with schizophrenia. No robust clinical differences were identified. However, duplication burden may have a small protective effect against positive symptoms and age at onset may be influenced by total CNV burden. No clinical differences were associated with deletion burden measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Martin
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail Robinson
- University of Queensland, School of Psychology, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Reutens
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Green A, Walls S, Wise A, Green RH, Martin AK, Marshall FH. Characterization of [(3)H]-CGP54626A binding to heterodimeric GABA(B) receptors stably expressed in mammalian cells. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 131:1766-74. [PMID: 11139457 PMCID: PMC1572513 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional human GABA(B(1a,2)) and GABA(B(1b,2)) receptors have been stably expressed in mammalian CHO K1 cells. Detailed characterization of GABA(B) ligand binding at each of the receptors has been compared using [(3)H]-CGP54626A. In cell membranes fractions, [(3)H]-CGP54626A bound to a single site with a K(D) of 1. 51+/-1.12 nM, B(max) of 2.02+/-0.17 pmoles mg protein(-1) and 0. 86+/-0.20 nM, B(max) of 5.19+/-0.57 pmoles mg protein(-1) for GABA(B(1a,2)) and GABA(B(1b,2)) respectively. In competition binding assays the rank order was identical for both GABA(B) receptors. For known GABA(B) agonists the rank order was CGP27492>SKF97541=CGP46381>GABA>Baclofen and for GABA(B) antagonists the rank order was CGP54262A>CGP55845>CGP52432>SCH 50911>CGP51176>CGP36742=CGP35348 > or =2-OH Saclofen > or =ABPA. The allosteric effect of calcium cations was also investigated. The effect of removal of CaCl(2) from the binding assay conditions was ligand dependent to either cause a decrease in ligand affinity or to have no significant effect. However, these effects were similar for both GABA(B) receptors. A whole cell, scintillation proximity binding assay was used to determine agonist affinity at exclusively heterodimeric GABA(B) receptors. In competition assays, the rank order was the same for both GABA(B(1a,2)) and GABA(B(1b,2)) and consistent with that seen with cell membrane fractions. These data suggest that, in terms of ligand binding, the currently identified isoforms of the GABA(B) receptor are pharmacologically indistinguishable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Green
- Receptor Systems Unit, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Martin AK, Nahorski SR, Willars GB. Complex relationship between Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation and Ca2+ -signalling in a human neuroblastoma reveled by cellular differentiation. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:1559-66. [PMID: 10323587 PMCID: PMC1565934 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/1998] [Revised: 01/06/1999] [Accepted: 01/13/1999] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induces morphological and biochemical changes consistent with a more neuronal phenotype. These cells may therefore provide a model for studying phenomena such as signal transduction in a neuronal context whilst retaining the advantages of a homogenous cell population expressing a well characterized array of G-protein coupled receptors. 2. This study examined the effects of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells on muscarinic- and bradykinin-receptor-mediated phosphoinositide and Ca2+ signalling. Retinoic acid (10 microM, 6 days) along with a lowered serum concentration produced phenotypic changes consistent with differentiation including reduced proliferation and increased neurite outgrowth. 3. Differentiation increased the magnitude and potency of rapid Ins(1,4,5)P3 responses to a full muscarinic receptor agonist. Bradykinin receptor-mediated Ins(1,4,5)P3 signalling was also potentiated following differentiation. Determination of agonist-evoked accumulation of [3H]-inositol phosphates under lithium-block demonstrated these changes reflected enhanced phospholipase C activity which is consistent with observed increases in the expression of muscarinic and bradykinin receptors. 4. Despite the marked alterations in Ins(1,4,5)P3 signalling following differentiation, elevations of intracellular [Ca2+] were totally unaltered. Thus, in SH-SY5Y cells, the relationship between the elevations of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and intracellular [Ca2+] is agonist dependent and affected by the state of differentiation. This demonstrates that mechanisms other than the measured increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 regulate the elevation of intracellular [Ca2+].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Subcultures of 1064 isolates of 393 species of wood-inhabiting fungi were stored both under sterile mineral oil and in sterile water for 10 years. A high proportion (98%) of the Basidiomycotina isolates survived storage under oil, whereas only 26% survived in sterile water. Survival of most isolates of Ascomycotina (91% under oil, 72% in water) and Deuteromycotina (96% under oil, 92% in water) was somewhat less in water than under oil. Key words: fungal storage, long-term storage, oil storage, water storage, Basidiomycotina.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuzhandaivelu N, Jones WK, Martin AK, Dickson RC. The signal for glucose repression of the lactose-galactose regulon is amplified through subtle modulation of transcription of the Kluyveromyces lactis Kl-GAL4 activator gene. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:1924-31. [PMID: 1569929 PMCID: PMC364351 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.5.1924-1931.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of the lactose-galactose regulon is strongly repressed by glucose in some but not all strains of Kluyveromyces lactis. We show here that in strongly repressed strains, two to three times less Kl-GAL4 mRNA is synthesized and that expression of structural genes in the regulon such as LAC4, the structural gene for beta-galactosidase, is down regulated 40-fold or more. Comparative analysis of strains having a strong or weak repression phenotype revealed a two-base difference in the promoter of the Kl-GAL4 (also called LAC9) positive regulatory gene. This two-base difference is responsible for the strong versus the weak repression phenotype. The two base changes are symmetrically located in a DNA sequence having partial twofold rotational symmetry (14 of 21 bases). We hypothesize that this region functions as a sensitive regulatory switch, an upstream repressor sequence (URS). According to our model, the presence of glucose in the culture medium signals, by an unidentified pathway, a repressor protein to bind the URS. Binding reduces transcription of the Kl-GAL4 gene so that the concentration of the Kl-GAL4 protein falls below the level needed for induction of LAC4 and other genes in the regulon. For strains showing weak glucose repression, we hypothesize that the two base changes in the URS reduce repressor binding so that the regulon is not repressed. Our results illustrate an important principle of genetic regulation: a small (2- to 3-fold) change in the concentration of a regulatory protein can produce a large (40-fold or greater) change in expression of structural genes. This mechanism of signal amplification could play a role in many biological phenomena that require regulated transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kuzhandaivelu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dickson RC, Gerardot CJ, Martin AK. Genetic evidence for similar negative regulatory domains in the yeast transcription activators GAL4 and LAC9. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:5213-7. [PMID: 2205838 PMCID: PMC332144 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.17.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The GAL4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the LAC9 protein of Kluyveromyces lactis are transcription activator proteins with similar structure and function. Greatest similarity occurs in the C region near the carboxy terminus, where 16 of 18 amino acids are identical. The function of the C region is unclear. Here we show that the structural similarity is reflected in functional similarity. Single amino acid changes in the C region of GAL4 and LAC9 create a similar phenotype: constitutive gene expression. In S. cerevisiae the constitutive phenotype caused by GAL4 mutants can be abolished by overproduction of GAL80. These results support a model in which the C region of GAL4 and LAC9 constitute similar negative regulatory domains that interact with GAL80 in S. cerevisiae and an unidentified GAL80 homolog in K. lactis. This protein-protein interaction prevents expression of the galactose operon in the uninduced state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R C Dickson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martin AK, Milne JA, Moberly P. The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants. 4. The potential use of urine aromatic acid and phenol outputs as a measure of voluntary food intake. Br J Nutr 1983; 49:87-99. [PMID: 6821693 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19830014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. Studies were made of the extent to which p-cresol, catechol, quinol and orcinol infused through rumen or abomasal cannulas to sheep were recovered in their urine. 2. Rumen fermentation of dietary phenolic compounds caused the excretion of simple phenols in the urine. In decreasing order of magnitude these were: p-cresol, catechol, phenol and 4-methylcatechol with only traces of quinol and orcinol. 3. The percentages of rumen-infused p-cresol or orcinol recovered as increments in the urinary phenol outputs of sheep (94 and 99% respectively) following infusion showed that rumen degradation of these phenols was negligible. 4. After rumen infusion of catechol and quinol, mean recoveries of these phenols in urine were only 55 and 77% respectively. Possible reasons for these incomplete recoveries are discussed. 5. Studies were also made of the use of the urinary phenol output of phenols characteristics of particular forages as indices of their voluntary intake by sheep. Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull) (heather) may contain 1300-3600 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of orcinol and 200-800 mg/kg DM of quinol as beta-glycosides. When heather was offered ad lib. to sheep given one of five levels of grass, linear relationships were found between heather intake and urinary quinol and orcinol outputs. 6. The urinary output of aromatic acids was also determined when sheep ate grass and heather. Urinary phenylacetic acid output was linearly related to grass but not to heather intake. The relationship between urinary phenylacetic acid output and grass intake could vary with different forages but that between orcinol output and heather intake was considered a useful index of heather intake. 7. Methods for the assay of urine phenols are discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Martin AK. The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants. 3. The metabolism of phenolic compounds to simple phenols. Br J Nutr 1982; 48:497-507. [PMID: 7171537 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19820135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phenolic cinnamic acids are hydrogenated in the side-chain, demethylated and dehydroxylated in the rumen and are responsible for the large urinary output of benzoic acid by ruminants. 2. Decarboxylation of phenolic acids to simple phenols is another reaction of the intestinal microflora and experiments were made to determine the extent of this reaction in the rumen of sheep. 3. In five experiments phenolic compounds, quinic acid or casein were infused into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and increments in urinary outputs of phenolic acids and phenols determined by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. 4. Production of phenols was almost exclusively confined to reactions in the rumen. 5. Rumen administration of phenolic benzoic or phenylacetic acids which contained a 4-hydroxy substituent yielded large increments in urinary phenol outputs. Other phenolic benzoic and phenylacetic acids were not decarboxylated. Rumen decarboxylation of 4-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid did not occur and decarboxylation of 4-hydroxycinnamic acids was slight. 6. Nearly half the tyrosine content of rumen-administered casein was excreted as p-cresol, a decarboxylation product of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, p-Cresol was the principal phenol found in sheep urine. 7. Catechol and phenol were consistently found in sheep urine samples and p-ethylphenol, resorcinol, quinol, 4-methylcatechol, orcinol and pyrogallol were also found when suitable precursors were infused to the rumen. 8. It is concluded that p-cresol is a rumen metabolite of tyrosine. The other phenols found are microbial metabolites of phenolic precursors which are either widely distributed in plants such as 4-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic and vanillic acids or of more limited distribution such as the orcinol glycosides of some Ericaceous plants.
Collapse
|
35
|
Martin AK. The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants. 1. The metabolism of quinic, cyclohexanecarboxylic and non-phenolic aromatic acids to benzoic acid. Br J Nutr 1982; 47:139-54. [PMID: 7059566 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19820019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. The contribution of dietary constituents to the large urinary output of benzoic acid characteristic of ruminants and some herbivores is not well understood. 2. Methods for the analysis of quinic, cyclohexanecarboxylic, benzoic, phenylacetic, 3-phenylpropionic and cinnamic acids in urine and in rumen fluids were developed. 3. The urinary output of aromatic acids by sheep given seven-rations was determined: benzoic acid output varied between 2.8 and 7.8 g/d; phenylacetic acid output between 0.16 and 1.3 g/d; cinnamic acid between 0.08 and 0.25 g/d and small amounts of 3-phenylpropionic acid were found in some samples. 4. Increments in urinary aromatic acid excretion were determined when the acids listed in paragraph 2 were infused via rumen or abomasal cannulas. 5. When cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was infused 40% of the dose was excreted as urinary benzoic acid after either route of infusion. Quinic acid was completely metabolized in the rumen; following rumen infusion between 16 and 53% of the infused acid was recovered as urinary benzoic acid; none was so recovered after abomasal infusion. 6. Urinary recoveries of rumen- and abomasally-infused aromatic acids were: benzoic acid 90 and 88% respectively as benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid 78 and 83% respectively as phenylacetic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid 96 and 105% respectively as benzoic acid and cinnamic acid, 70 and 70% respectively as benzoic acid. 7. The concentration of aromatic acids in rumen fluid varied with time after feeding: cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was maximal (7 mg/l) 1 h after feeding, benzoic acid was always a minor component (0.5 +/- 0.5 mg/l), phenylacetic acid varied between 0 and 35 mg/l and 3-phenylpropionic acid between 25 and 47 mg/l. Cinnamic acid was not found in rumen fluid but on rumen infusion of this acid the concentration of 3-phenylpropionic acid in rumen fluid increased by 10 mg/l rumen fluid per g infused per d. 8. The incomplete metabolism of quinic and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids to urinary benzoic acid is discussed. It is concluded that the principal dietary precursors of urinary benzoic acid in ruminants are compounds yielding 3-phenylpropionic acid on microbial fermentation in the rumen. The small amount of cinnamic acid characteristic of ruminant urine arises as an intermediate in the beta-oxidation of 3-phenylpropionic acid in the body tissues.
Collapse
|
36
|
Martin AK. The origin of urinary aromatic compounds excreted by ruminants. 2. The metabolism of phenolic cinnamic acids to benzoic acid. Br J Nutr 1982; 47:155-64. [PMID: 7059567 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19820020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. The extent to which phenolic derivatives of benzoic acid (seven); of phenylacetic acid (one); of 3-phenylpropionic acid (one) and of cinnamic acid (six) served as precursors of the urinary benzoic acid excreted by sheep was determined after administration as continuous drips via rumen or abomasal cannulas. 2. Phenolic derivatives of benzoic or of phenylacetic acid were not dehydroxylated to yield aromatic acids following administration via either route. 3. Rumen infusion of phenolic derivatives of both 3-phenylpropionic and cinnamic acids gave enhanced rumen concentrations of 3-phenylpropionic acid with negligible amounts of benzoic acid. Between 63 and 106% of the 2-, 3- or 4-hydroxy acids, of the 3,4-dihydroxy acids or of the 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxy acids infused were excreted in the urine as benzoic acid and a variable proportion, characteristic of the individual animal, of up to 20% of the dose as cinnamic acid. 4. Abomasal infusion of monohydroxy 3-phenylpropionic and cinnamic acids did not yield urinary benzoic acid increments. However, between 11 and 34% of abomasally-infused disubstituted phenolic cinnamic acids infused were excreted in the urine as benzoic acid due, it is postulated, to entero-hepatic circulation and microbial metabolism of the infused acids in the large intestine. 5. It is concluded that rumen microbial metabolism of dietary phenolic cinnamic acids to 3-phenylpropionic acid followed by its absorption and oxidation in the body tissues is responsible for the greater part of the benzoic and cinnamic acids found in ruminant urine.
Collapse
|
37
|
Martin AK, Milne JA, Moberley P. Urinary quinol and orcinol outputs as indices of voluntary intake of heather (Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull)) by sheep. Proc Nutr Soc 1975; 34:70A-71A. [PMID: 1187633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
38
|
Martin AK. Metabolism of aromatic compounds in the rumen. Proc Nutr Soc 1975; 34:69A-70A. [PMID: 1187632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
1. Two adult wether sheep were maintained on a diet of hay and two on a diet of dried grass for 3 weeks before starvation for a period of 10 d. Urinary excretion of the following acids was determined when the animals were fed and when they were fasted: total diethyl ethersoluble acids of hydrolysed and unhydrolysed urine, hippuric acid, benzoic acid and phenylacetic acid. By the 5th day of fasting, urinary output of all acids had attained stable levels that did not change during the remaining starvation period. The output of all urine fractions except phenylacetic acid declined rapidly during the first 4 d of fasting: phenylacetic acid output by all sheep increased to a maximum during the first 4 d of fast and then declined to stable values (0·42–0·73 g/24 h) which were greater than those observed when the sheep were fed. It is concluded that prolonged retention of food and microbial residues in the digestive tract is responsible for the large output of phenylacetic acid in the urine of fasted sheep.2. Solutions of casein which supplied between 6·3. and 26·5 g nitrogen/24 h were infused into the rumens (fifteen experiments) or abomasums (sixteen experiments) of eight adult wether sheep. Ruminal infusions of casein caused increments in the urinary excretion of diethyl ethersoluble acids and phenylacetic acid. Both these increments were described by linear regression equations (P< 0·001), the coefficients of which showed that 284 ± 44 and 220 ± 21 mg benzoic acid equivalent were excreted as diethyl ether-soluble acids and phenylacetic acid respectively per g casein N infused. The phenylacetic acid excreted was equivalent to 95% of the phenylalanine of the infused casein. No increments in urinary benzoic acid were observed. One sheep scoured when it was given an abomasal infusion of casein. This was the only animal to show any increment in urinary aromatic acids when casein was infused into the abomasum.3. When four sheep were given two rations containing an excess of carbohydrate as sugarbeet pulp or rolled barley, 11 and 16% respectively of their phenylalanine intakes were excreted in the urine as phenylacetic acid. When the same sheep were given two rations containing an excess of N as linseed meal or field beans, 51 and 59% respectively of their phenylalanine intakes appeared in the urine as phenylacetic acid.4. Methods for the determination of creatinine, and of benzoic, phenylacetic, 3-phenylpropionic, cinnamic, hippuric and phenaceturic acids are described.5. It is suggested that the amount of phenylacetic acid excreted in the urine is a measure of the equilibrium occurring in the rumen between catabolism of phenylalanine and reutilization of the products of catabolism for phenylalanine synthesis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
1. S 24 perennial ryegrass was harvested at six stages of its growth from young leafy herbage to mature grass in which the seed had shed.2. Two sheep were offered 1kg/d of each cut and two other sheep were offered 750 g/d of each cut of grass.3. The contents of some possible precursors of the urinary aromatic acids excreted by sheep, namely, shikimic acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, total o-dihydroxyphenolic compounds, lignin and crude protein were determined in each cut of grass.4. A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the aromatic acids present in light petroleum extracts of urine was developed.5. The urinary excretion of creatinine, diethyl ether-soluble acids, hippuric acid, total benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids, and the apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, lignin and dry matter were determined with each sheep offered each cut of grass.6. The quantity of the various aromatic acid fractions excreted by sheep decreased as the maturity of the herbage increased and was directly proportional to the amount of food consumed.7. No relationship was found between the intake of possible benzoic acid precursors and the urinary excretion of benzoic acid. With diets of young herbage, smaller amounts of benzoic acid were excreted in the urine than would be predicted from the intakes of the precursors studied, and with mature herbage greater amounts were excreted than would be predicted.8. Possible reasons for these results are discussed, and the nature of additional precursors of urinary aromatic acids excreted by sheep given mature herbages are considered.9. Urinary excretion of phenylacetic acid varied with diet in a manner which closely followed the intake of apparently digestible nitrogen. A highly significant (P < 0.001) exponential relationship was found between these two variables; it was log10E = 0.05 N –0.63, where E is the urinary phenylacetic acid output (g/kg food) and N the intake of apparently digestible nitrogen (g/kg food).
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abstract
1. Four wether sheep were maintained on a diet of hay for 2 weeks and then starved for a period of 4 days.2. Immediately before and during starvation the urinary excretion in the following fractions was determined: hippuric acid, creatinine, total diethyl ether-soluble acids of hydrolysed and unhydrolysed urine, total aromatic acids in hydrolysed and unhydrolysed urine and the proportion of the former present as benzoic and phenylacetic acids.3. A method for determining the benzoic acid content of light petroleum extracts of urine has been developed and is described.4. Starvation had little effect on the urinary excretion of phenylacetic acid or creatinine, but during the first 2 days of starvation there were large decreases in the excretion of all the other urinary fractions studied.5. Of the fractions examined, 43% of the diethyl ether-soluble acids of hydrolysed urine and 42% of those of unhydrolysed urine were of exogenous origin; 76% of the total urinary aromatic acids were of exogenous origin. Partition of the aromatic acids in the urine of two of the four sheep indicated that the reduction in aromatic acid excretion on starvation was completely accounted for by the decline in benzoic acid output. Almost all the hippuric acid (97%) was of exogenous origin.6. These results have been compared with the urinary output of aromatic acids by nonruminants when fasted, and possible reasons for the relatively large amounts of phenylacetic acid found in the urine of starved sheep have been discussed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
1. The urinary excretions of total diethyl ether-soluble acids and total aromatic acids of three sheep given maintenance diets containing different proportions of hay, rolled oats and decorticated groundnut meal were determined.2. When the sheep were given the diet containing 70% rolled oats the excretion of aromatic acids in the urine was less than that observed when the sheep were given diets high in roughage or protein concentrates.3. The amounts of aromatic acids excreted in the urine were not related to the dietary intakes of crude protein, apparently digestible crude protein, crude fibre, lignin or cellulose.4. The excretion of comparatively large amounts of aromatic acids in the urine of ruminants is discussed in relation to the smaller amounts normally excreted by non-ruminants. Possible reasons for the failure to observe any relationship between the amounts of aromatic acids excreted in the urine of the sheep and those constituents of the diets that were investigated are discussed and the nature of other precursors is suggested.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Blaxter KL, Clapperton JL, Martin AK. The heat of combustion of the urine of sheep and cattle in relation to its chemical composition and to diet. Br J Nutr 1966; 20:449-60. [PMID: 5923619 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19660046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
1. The results of over 500 determinations of the heat of combustion of the urine produced by cattle and sheep have been analysed statistically. 2. The analytical errors for nitrogen, carbon and heat of combustion were ±0.54, ±1.4 and ±2.2%. The error attached to an estimate of the heat of combustion of the urine produced by an individual sheep in 4 days was ± 10%.3. At the maintenance level of feeding, the heat of combustion of the urine (U kcal/ 100 kcal food) was related to the crude protein content of the diet (P%)by the equationU = 0.25P+1.6with a residual standard deviation of ±0.88 kcal/100 kcal.4. Regression analysis of the relation between the heat of combustion of urine and its N content showed significant differences with diet. The heat of combustion of the urine of sheep was 9.7 kcal/g C and of cattle 10.3 kcal/g C, and did not vary with diet. 5. It is shown that the variation in the heat of combustion of urine/g N and its relative constancy/g C arises largely from variation, from diet to diet, in the proportion of the N excreted as hippurate. 6. The results have been combined with the results of a similar analysis (Blaxter & Clapperton, 1965) of methane production by sheep to show that the ratio of metabolizable energy to digested energy varies very little from mean values of 0.82 for roughages, 0.85 for cereals and 0.79 for oilseed cakes and meals.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
1. Loss of NH3N from faeces and urine between voiding and collection and also losses in expired air, eructed gas and from the skin of wether sheep 2–3 years old given a ration of 400, 700, 1000 or 1300 g dried grass/day have been measured. 2. Losses of NH3from faeces were negligible, and the loss from urine depended on the temperature and pH at which it was collected. Collection at neutral pH resulted in losses of up to 9.7% of the urinary N as NH3gas if an acid trap were not incorporated in the collection apparatus. The average loss of N on collection of urine at pH values below 2.0 was 1.33% when the ambient temperature was between 25 and 28°, and 0.97% when it was between 15 and 18°. 3. Very little NH3was lost in expired air or eructed gas, but when total NH3loss other than that from urine was determined, an average loss of 3.14±0.55 mg N/kg body-weight per day was found. This loss was independent of food intake and larger than the loss of N in suint which was estimated to range from 0.59 to 2.55 mg N/kg body-weight per day with the rations given. It was concluded that the larger losses found in some experiments were due to splashing of urine on to the fleece during collection and subsequent loss of this urine N as NH3. It was shown that the losses of NH3N due to errors in urine collection and failure to consider dermal losses ranged between 1.2 and 2.6% of the total determined losses in faeces and urine for sheep fed on a variety of diets and that the losses varied inversely with intake of N.
Collapse
|