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Najimi M, Michel S, Binda MM, Gellynck K, Belmonte N, Mazza G, Gordillo N, Vainilovich Y, Sokal E. Human Allogeneic Liver-Derived Progenitor Cells Significantly Improve NAFLD Activity Score and Fibrosis in Late-Stage NASH Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182854. [PMID: 36139429 PMCID: PMC9497074 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated experimental and clinical evidence supports the development of human allogeneic liver-derived progenitor cells (HALPCs) to treat fibro-inflammatory liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate their therapeutic effect in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-STAM mouse model. The immune signaling characteristics of HALPCs were first assessed in vitro. Upon inflammation treatment, HALPCs secreted large amounts of potent bioactive prostaglandin E2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which significantly reduced CD4+ T-lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In vivo, HALPCs were intravenously administered as single or triple shots (of a dose of 12.5 × 106 cells/kg BW) in STAM mice. Transplantation of HALPCs was associated with a significant decrease in the NAFLD activity score at an early stage and in both inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning scores in late-stage NASH. Sirius red staining analyses revealed decreased collagen deposition in the pericentral region at both stages of NASH. Altogether, these findings showed the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic features of HALPCs in an in vivo NASH model, which suggests their potential to reverse the progression of this chronic fibro-inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Najimi
- Cellaïon, 1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
- UCLouvain, Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (E.S.); Tel.: +32-10-39-43-00 (M.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etienne Sokal
- Cellaïon, 1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
- UCLouvain, Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (E.S.); Tel.: +32-10-39-43-00 (M.N.)
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Guipouy D, Gertner-Dardenne J, Pfajfer L, German Y, Belmonte N, Dupré L. Granulysin- and granzyme-dependent elimination of myeloid cells by therapeutic ova-specific type 1 regulatory T cells. Int Immunol 2020; 31:239-250. [PMID: 30778577 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of regulatory T (Treg) cells can be harnessed for therapeutic approaches aiming at down-modulating harmful immune reactions. In this context, expanded type 1 Treg cells (Tr1 cells) specific for ovalbumin (ova-Tr1 cells) have been tested for clinical efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as refractory Crohn's disease (CD). The clinical use of these therapeutic products warrants exploration of their mechanism of action. Here, we identified a relationship between the CD activity index and the expression of lytic molecules by the ova-Tr1 cells administered in the previously reported First-in-Man study [Crohn's And Treg cells Study 1 (CATS1) study]. Accordingly, ova-Tr1 cells were found to carry granules containing high levels of lytic molecules, including multiple granzymes and granulysin. These cells displayed a T-cell receptor (TCR)-independent cytotoxic activity, which was preferentially directed toward myeloid cell lines and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Upon contact with myeloid cells, ova-Tr1 cells induced their apoptosis via a perforin-independent and a granulysin/granzyme-dependent mechanism. As compared to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, ova-Tr1 cells required more time to lyse target cells and displayed a more gradual lytic activity over time. Notably, this activity was sustained over days resulting in the control of myeloid cell populations at a relatively low ratio. Our study reveals that ova-Tr1 cells are endowed with a sustained cytotoxic activity that relies on a unique combination of granulysin and granzymes and that preferentially eliminates myeloid target cells in a TCR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Guipouy
- INSERM, UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France.,TxCell, Allée de la Nertière, Valbonne Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Laurène Pfajfer
- INSERM, UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France
| | - Yolla German
- INSERM, UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Loïc Dupré
- INSERM, UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France
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Gertner-Dardenne J, Belmonte N, Foussat A. Clinical Efficacy of Ovasave® is Linked to Lytic Molecule Expression. Cytotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Belmonte N, Gertner-dardenne J, Foussat A. Regulatory T Cell Engineered with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR-Treg) for Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Cytotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Asnagli H, Jacquin M, Belmonte N, Gertner-Dardenne J, Hubert MF, Sales A, Fall PB, Ginet C, Marchetti I, Ménard F, Lara G, Bobak N, Foussat A. Inhibition of Noninfectious Uveitis Using Intravenous Administration of Collagen II-Specific Type 1 Regulatory T Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6456-66. [PMID: 26447979 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Col-Treg, a collagen II-specific type 1 regulatory T-cell immunotherapy for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis (NIU). METHODS Col-Treg cells were produced from collagen II-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice or peripheral blood of healthy donors. Phenotypic characterization was performed by flow cytometry, and cytokine secretion was evaluated with Flowcytomix or ELISA. In vitro functional characterization included ATP hydrolysis, cytotoxicity, and contact-independent T-cell suppression and plasticity assays. Col-Treg migration was assessed by quantitative PCR specific to Col-Treg TCR. Col-Treg cells were administered intravenously in mice displaying experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) immunizations. Efficacy of Col-Treg was assessed by ophthalmology, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mice Col-Treg cells displayed identity features of type 1 Treg cells with expression of CD25, FoxP3, low surface expression of CD127, and cytokine secretion profile (IL-10(high), IL-4(low), IFN-γ(int)). In vitro functional assays demonstrated Col-Treg suppressive capacity via soluble factor-dependent immunosuppression, cytotoxicity, and ATP hydrolysis. Col-Treg cells expressed granzyme B, CD39, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related protein (GITR). Administration of Col-Treg in EAU mice inhibited clinical and morphologic signs of uveitis and decreased ocular leukocyte infiltration. Col-Treg cells homed in the ocular tissues 24 hours after intravenous injection. Human Col-Treg cells were comparable to mice Col-Treg cells in identity and function and did not show the capacity to differentiate into Th17 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Col-Treg cells as a targeted approach for the treatment of NIU and the feasibility of translating this approach to the human clinical setting.
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Asnagli H, Jacquin M, Belmonte N, Gertner-Dardenne J, Hubert M, Sales A, Foussat A. Treg-based immunotherapy of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Asnagli
- Preclinical Pharmacology and Safety; TxCell; Valbonne France
| | - M. Jacquin
- Preclinical Pharmacology and Safety; TxCell; Valbonne France
| | | | | | | | - A. Sales
- Histopathology; Vetopath; Antibes France
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Asnagli H, Martire D, Belmonte N, Quentin J, Bastian H, Boucard-Jourdin M, Fall PB, Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Mantello-Moreau A, Rouquier S, Marchetti I, Jorgensen C, Foussat A, Louis-Plence P. Type 1 regulatory T cells specific for collagen type II as an efficient cell-based therapy in arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R115. [PMID: 24886976 PMCID: PMC4075412 DOI: 10.1186/ar4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune diseases and are an ideal target for the development of therapies designed to suppress inflammation in an antigen-specific manner. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are defined by their capacity to produce high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which contributes to their ability to suppress pathological immune responses in several settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of collagen type II–specific Tr1 (Col-Treg) cells in two models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice. Methods Col-Treg clones were isolated and expanded from collagen-specific TCR transgenic mice. Their cytokine secretion profile and phenotype characterization were studied. The therapeutic potential of Col-Treg cells was evaluated after adoptive transfer in collagen-antibody– and collagen-induced arthritis models. The in vivo suppressive mechanism of Col-Treg clones on effector T-cell proliferation was also investigated. Results Col-Treg clones are characterized by their specific cytokine profile (IL-10highIL-4negIFN-γint) and mediate contact-independent immune suppression. They also share with natural Tregs high expression of GITR, CD39 and granzyme B. A single infusion of Col-Treg cells reduced the incidence and clinical symptoms of arthritis in both preventive and curative settings, with a significant impact on collagen type II antibodies. Importantly, injection of antigen-specific Tr1 cells decreased the proliferation of antigen-specific effector T cells in vivo significantly. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Col-Treg cells in two models of RA, providing evidence that Col-Treg could be an efficient cell-based therapy for RA patients whose disease is refractory to current treatments.
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Clerget-Chossat N, Asnagli H, Plence P, Brun V, Belmonte N, Forte M, Jorgensen C, Foussat A. Development of Col-Treg, an antigen specific Treg based immune-cellular therapy for joint and eye inflammatory diseases. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quentin J, Martire D, Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Asnagli H, Belmonte N, Foussat A, Jorgensen C, Vincente R, Louis-Plence P. A3.6 Comparative Analysis of the Therapeutic Potential of Inducible Treg Cell PopulAtions in Experimental Model of Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203216.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Desreumaux P, Foussat A, Allez M, Beaugerie L, Hébuterne X, Bouhnik Y, Nachury M, Brun V, Bastian H, Belmonte N, Ticchioni M, Duchange A, Morel-Mandrino P, Neveu V, Clerget-Chossat N, Forte M, Colombel JF. Safety and efficacy of antigen-specific regulatory T-cell therapy for patients with refractory Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1207-1217.e2. [PMID: 22885333 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS New therapeutic strategies are needed for patients with refractory Crohn's disease (CD). We evaluated data from the Crohn's And Treg Cells Study (CATS1) to determine the safety and efficacy of antigen-specific T-regulatory (Treg) cells for treatment of patients with refractory CD. METHODS We performed a 12-week, open-label, multicenter, single-injection, escalating-dose, phase 1/2a clinical study in 20 patients with refractory CD. Ovalbumin-specific Treg cells (ova-Tregs) were isolated from patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), exposed to ovalbumin, and administrated intravenously. Safety and efficacy were assessed using clinical and laboratory parameters. We evaluated proliferation of PBMCs in response to ovalbumin. RESULTS Injections of ova-Tregs were well tolerated, with 54 adverse events (2 related to the test reagent) and 11 serious adverse events (3 related to the test reagent, all recovered). Overall, a response, based on a reduction in Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) of 100 points, was observed in 40% of patients at weeks 5 and 8. Six of the 8 patients (75%) who received doses of 10(6) cells had a response at weeks 5 and 8, with a statistically significant reduction in CDAI. In this group, remission (based on CDAI ≤150) was observed in 3 of 8 patients (38%) at week 5 and 2 of 8 patients (25%) at week 8. CONCLUSIONS Administration of antigen-specific Tregs to patients with refractory CD (CATS1) was well tolerated and had dose-related efficacy. The ovalbumin-specific immune response correlated with clinical response, supporting immune-suppressive mechanisms of ova-Tregs. The consistency of results among different assessment methods supports the efficacy of ova-Tregs; this immune therapy approach warrants further clinical and mechanistic studies in refractory CD. Eudract, Number: 2006-004712-44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Desreumaux
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Huriez Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Matthieu Allez
- Gastroenterology and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Gastroenterology and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, St Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Hébuterne
- Gastroenterology and Unité de Recherche Clinique, L'Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France
| | | | - Maria Nachury
- Gastroenterology and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Jean Minjoz Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Huriez Hospital, Lille, France.
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Martire D, Quentin J, Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Asnagli H, Belmonte N, Foussat A, Jorgensen C, Louis-Plence P. Inducible Treg cell populations as cell based-therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Lab Invest 2012. [PMCID: PMC3508944 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-s3-p55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martire D, Quentin J, Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Asnagli H, Belmonte N, Foussat A, Jorgensen C, Louis-Plence P. Comparative analysis of the therapeutic potential of two inducible Treg cell populations in experimental model of arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201234.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martire D, Quentin J, Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Asnagli H, Belmonte N, Foussat A, Jorgensen C, Louis-Plence P. Injection of antigen-specific regulatory Tr1 lymphocytes protects mice from severe collagen-induced arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Xynos A, Corbella P, Belmonte N, Zini R, Manfredini R, Ferrari G. Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells undergo myogenic differentiation following a Pax-7 independent pathway. Stem Cells 2010; 28:965-73. [PMID: 20333749 DOI: 10.1002/stem.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several reports showed that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) participate in muscle regeneration, raising hope for their therapeutic potential for degenerative muscle diseases. However, proof that HSCs are able to reprogram their fate and enter a myogenic pathway, remains elusive. We demonstrate that murine bone marrow (BM)-derived hematopoietic cells, carrying reporter genes controlled by muscle-specific regulatory elements from the Myf5, myosin light chain (MLC3F), or MCK genes, are induced by myoblasts to activate muscle-specific genes. This potential resides in the more undifferentiated progenitors, expressing surface markers typical of HSCs. Comparative gene expression profiling of CD45(+)/Sca1(+) cells isolated from muscle or BM shows that hematopoietic cells participate to muscle regeneration, by undergoing a profound although incomplete myogenic reprogramming on interaction with the muscle microenviroment. These cells undergo specification and differentiation independently from Pax7 and MyoD, and lack Pax7-associated properties, such as self-renewal and proliferation, distinguishing from satellite cells. Our findings indicate that hematopoietic cells, on seeding in the muscle, become a distinct cell population endowed with myogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Xynos
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Pisani DF, Dechesne CA, Sacconi S, Delplace S, Belmonte N, Cochet O, Clement N, Wdziekonski B, Villageois AP, Butori C, Bagnis C, Di Santo JP, Kurzenne JY, Desnuelle C, Dani C. Isolation of a highly myogenic CD34-negative subset of human skeletal muscle cells free of adipogenic potential. Stem Cells 2010; 28:753-64. [PMID: 20135684 DOI: 10.1002/stem.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of multipotent cells into undesirable lineages is a significant risk factor when performing cell therapy. In muscular diseases, myofiber loss can be associated with progressive fat accumulation that is one of the primary factors leading to decline of muscular strength. Therefore, to avoid any contribution of injected multipotent cells to fat deposition, we have searched for a highly myogenic but nonadipogenic muscle-derived cell population. We show that the myogenic marker CD56, which is the gold standard for myoblast-based therapy, was unable to separate muscle cells into myogenic and adipogenic fractions. Conversely, using the stem cell marker CD34, we were able to sort two distinct populations, CD34(+) and CD34(-), which have been thoroughly characterized in vitro and in vivo using an immunodeficient Rag2(-/-)gamma(c) (-/-) mouse model of muscle regeneration with or without adipose deposition. Our results demonstrate that both populations have equivalent capacities for in vitro amplification. The CD34(+) cells and CD34(-) cells exhibit equivalent myogenic potential, but only the CD34(-) population fails to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into regenerative fat muscle. These data indicate that the muscle-derived cells constitute a heterogeneous population of cells with various differentiation potentials. The simple CD34 sorting allows isolation of myogenic cells with no adipogenic potential and therefore could be of high interest for cell therapy when fat is accumulated in diseased muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Pisani
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Nice, France
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Martire D, Bonnefont AL, Asnagli H, Belmonte N, Jourdin-Boucard M, Rouquier S, Mantello A, Fall PB, Foussat A, Jorgensen C, Louis-Plence P. Single injection of antigen-specific regulatory Tr1 lymphocytes protects mice from severe collagen-induced arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.129668p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sordi V, Malosio ML, Marchesi F, Mercalli A, Melzi R, Giordano T, Belmonte N, Ferrari G, Leone BE, Bertuzzi F, Zerbini G, Allavena P, Bonifacio E, Piemonti L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express a restricted set of functionally active chemokine receptors capable of promoting migration to pancreatic islets. Blood 2005; 106:419-27. [PMID: 15784733 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are stromal cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into many tissues. Although they represent powerful tools for several therapeutic settings, mechanisms regulating their migration to peripheral tissues are still unknown. Here, we report chemokine receptor expression on human BM-MSCs and their role in mediating migration to tissues. A minority of BM-MSCs (2% to 25%) expressed a restricted set of chemokine receptors (CXC receptor 4 [CXCR4], CX3C receptor 1 [CX3CR1], CXCR6, CC chemokine receptor 1 [CCR1], CCR7) and, accordingly, showed appreciable chemotactic migration in response to the chemokines CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12), CX3CL1, CXCL16, CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), and CCL19. Using human pancreatic islets as an in vitro model of peripheral tissue, we showed that islet supernatants released factors able to attract BM-MSCs in vitro, and this attraction was principally mediated by CX3CL1 and CXCL12. Moreover, cells with features of BM-MSCs were detected within the pancreatic islets of mice injected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive BM. A population of bona fide MSCs that also expressed CXCR4, CXCR6, CCR1, and CCR7 could be isolated from normal adult human pancreas. This study defines the chemokine receptor repertoire of human BM-MSCs that determines their migratory activity. Modulation of homing capacity may be instrumental for harnessing the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sordi
- Telethon-Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Center for Beta Cell Replacement, H. S. Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, and Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Bost F, Aouadi M, Caron L, Even P, Belmonte N, Prot M, Dani C, Hofman P, Pagès G, Pouysségur J, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Binétruy B. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase isoform ERK1 is specifically required for in vitro and in vivo adipogenesis. Diabetes 2005; 54:402-11. [PMID: 15677498 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.2.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperplasia of adipose tissue is critical for the development of obesity, but molecular mechanisms governing normal or pathological recruitment of new adipocytes remain unclear. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway plays a pivotal role in many essential cellular functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Using ERK1(-/-) mice, we investigated the role of this isoform in adipose tissue development. Mice lacking ERK1 have decreased adiposity and fewer adipocytes than wild-type animals. Furthermore, ERK1(-/-) mice challenged with high-fat diet are resistant to obesity, are protected from insulin resistance, and have a higher postprandial metabolic rate. To get insights into cellular mechanisms implicated in reduced adiposity in ERK1(-/-) animals, we analyzed adipocyte differentiation in ERK1(-/-) cells. Compared with wild-type control cells, mouse embryo fibroblasts and cultures of adult preadipocytes isolated from ERK1(-/-) adult animals exhibit impaired adipogenesis. An inhibitor of the ERK pathway does not affect the residual adipogenesis of the ERK1(-/-) cells, suggesting that ERK2 is not implicated in adipocyte differentiation. Our results clearly link ERK1 to the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, adiposity, and high-fat diet-induced obesity. This suggests that a therapeutic approach of obesity targeting specifically the ERK1 isoform and not ERK2 would be of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 568, IFR 50, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice- Sophia Antipolis, Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France.
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Vernochet C, Milstone DS, Iehlé C, Belmonte N, Phillips B, Wdziekonski B, Villageois P, Amri EZ, O'Donnell PE, Mortensen RM, Ailhaud G, Dani C. PPARgamma-dependent and PPARgamma-independent effects on the development of adipose cells from embryonic stem cells. FEBS Lett 2002; 510:94-8. [PMID: 11755538 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma was shown to be required for adipocyte formation both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of PPARgamma in the initial steps of adipose cell development was not distinguished from its role in the terminal steps. We now show that PPARgamma is expressed early in embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from embryonic stem cells and in E.8.5 mouse embryos. Addition of a specific ligand for PPARgamma in developing EBs over-expressing PPARgamma did not commit stem cells towards the adipose lineage. In differentiated PPARgamma(-/-) EBs, only markers characteristic of preadipocytes were found to be expressed. PPARdelta is present in EBs but did not compensate for the lack of PPARgamma in terminal differentiation. Taken together, these results favor a critical PPARgamma-independent phase culminating in preadipocyte formation that precedes a PPARgamma-dependent phase in the development of adipose cells from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vernochet
- Institute of Signaling, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS UMR 6543, Centre du Biochimie, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Belmonte N, Phillips BW, Massiera F, Villageois P, Wdziekonski B, Saint-Marc P, Nichols J, Aubert J, Saeki K, Yuo A, Narumiya S, Ailhaud G, Dani C. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and CREB/ATF-1 mediate the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins beta and -delta in preadipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:2037-49. [PMID: 11682632 DOI: 10.1210/mend.15.11.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential role of CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) beta and delta for adipocyte differentiation has been clearly established. In preadipocytes, their expression is up-regulated by the activation of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF-R) and prostacyclin receptor (IP-R) via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and cAMP production, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LIF and prostacyclin-induced signals are propagated to the nucleus and the transcription factors mediating ERK and cAMP-induced C/EBP gene expression were unknown. Here we report that both pathways share cAMP responsive element binding protein/activation transcription factor 1 (CREB/ATF-1) as common downstream effectors. LIF-R and IP-R activation induced binding of CREB and/or ATF-1 to C/EBP promoters and CREB-dependent transcription. Expression of dominant negative forms of CREB dramatically reduced the LIF- and prostacyclin-stimulated C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta expression. Upon stimulation of the IP-R, the ERK pathway was activated in a PKA-dependent manner. ERK activation by the PKA pathway was not required for CREB/ATF-1 phosphorylation but rather was necessary for CREB-dependent up-regulation of C/EBPs expression. Our findings suggest that ERK activation is required for CREB transcriptional activity, possibly by recruitment of a coactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Belmonte
- Institute of Signaling, Development Biology and Cancer Research, UMR 6543 Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Biochimie 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Belmonte N. Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases and CREB/ATF-1 Mediate the Expression of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins and - in Preadipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2001. [DOI: 10.1210/me.15.11.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the capacity to differentiate into various cell types in vitro. In this study, we show that retinoic acid is important for the commitment of ES cells into osteoblasts. Culturing retinoic acid treated ES cells in the presence of the osteogenic supplements ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate resulted in the expression of several osteoblast marker genes, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin. However, there was only a slight amount of mineralized matrix secretion. Addition of bone morphogenic protein-2 or compactin, a drug of the statin family of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, resulted in a greatly enhanced formation of bone nodules. Compactin did not modify the expression of osteogenic markers, but at the late stage of differentiation promoted an increase in BMP-2 expression. These results establish ES-cell derived osteogenesis as an effective model system to study the molecular mechanisms by which the statin compactin promotes osteoblastic differentiation and bone nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Phillips
- Centre de Biochimie (UMR 6543 CNRS), Faculté de Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, 06108, France
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Aubert J, Saint-Marc P, Belmonte N, Dani C, Négrel R, Ailhaud G. Prostacyclin IP receptor up-regulates the early expression of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta in preadipose cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000; 160:149-56. [PMID: 10715548 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and its stable analogue carbacyclin (cPGI(2)) are known to trigger the protein kinase A pathway after binding to the cell surface IP receptor and to promote or enhance terminal differentiation of adipose precursor cells to adipose cells. The early expression of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta is known to be critical for adipocyte differentiation in vitro as well as in vivo. We report herein that in Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A preadipose cells, activation of the IP receptor by specific agonists (PGI(2), cPGI(2) and BMY 45778) is sufficient to up-regulate rapidly the expression of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta. Cyclic AMP-elevating agents are able to substitute for IP receptor agonists, in agreement with the coupling of IP receptor to adenylate cyclase. Consistent with the fact that PGI(2) is released from preadipose cells and behaves as a paracrine/autocrine effector of adipose cell differentiation, the present results favor a key role of prostacyclin by means of the IP receptor and its intracellular signaling pathway in eliciting the critical early expression of both transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aubert
- Centre de Biochimie (IFR 349 & UMR 6543 CNRS), UNSA, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108, Nice, France
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Belmonte N, Vernochet C, Dani C. Invalidation génique de PPARγ : malgré la létalité, des révélations suprenantes. Med Sci (Paris) 2000. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Aubert J, Belmonte N, Dani C. Role of pathways for signal transducers and activators of transcription, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipocyte differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 1999; 56:538-42. [PMID: 11212303 DOI: 10.1007/s000180050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade play a major role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. This review concentrates on the role played by these pathways in the development of adipose cells. STATs are activated by both positive and negative modulators of adipocyte differentiation leading to the hypothesis that the STAT pathway may function in adipogenesis. The role of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway in adipocyte differentiation has recently been the subject of contradictory reports. Several molecular mechanisms are proposed to explain the opposing effects of MAPK activation in the programme of adipose cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aubert
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement du Tissu Adipeux, Centre de Biochimie, UMR 6543 CNRS, Nice, France
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Aubert J, Dessolin S, Belmonte N, Li M, McKenzie FR, Staccini L, Villageois P, Barhanin B, Vernallis A, Smith AG, Ailhaud G, Dani C. Leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor promote adipocyte differentiation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:24965-72. [PMID: 10455174 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.35.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular factors and intracellular signaling pathways involved in early events of adipocyte differentiation are poorly defined. It is shown herein that expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptor is developmentally regulated during adipocyte differentiation. Preadipocytes secrete bioactive LIF, and an antagonist of LIF receptor inhibits adipogenesis. Genetically modified embryonic stem (ES) cells combined with culture conditions to commit stem cells into the adipocyte lineage were used to examine the requirement of LIF receptor during in vitro development of adipose cells. The capacity of embryoid bodies derived from lifr(-/-) ES cells to undergo adipocyte differentiation is dramatically reduced. LIF addition stimulates adipocyte differentiation of Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A preadipocytes and that of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 ligand-treated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Expression of the early adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta is rapidly stimulated following exposure of preadipose cells to LIF. The selective inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, i.e. PD98059 and U0126, inhibit LIF-induced C/EBP gene expression and prevent adipocyte differentiation induced by LIF. These results are in favor of a model that implicates stimulation of LIF receptor in the commitment of preadipocytes to undergo terminal differentiation by controlling the early expression of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta genes via the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aubert
- Centre de Biochimie (IFR349 and UMR6543 CNRS) Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
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Abstract
A single dose of cadmium chloride (2.2 mg/kg of body wt) increased the estrual cycle period about two times. This effect could be prevented by means of simultaneous administration of zinc at the same dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Rivera
- Instituto de Biologia de la Reproducción y Desarrollo Embrionario, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Argentina
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Belmonte N. Variable indenter to modify indentation during biomicroscopy of the peripheral fundus. Am J Ophthalmol 1976; 81:236-7. [PMID: 1251882 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(76)90738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A modified scleral indentation attachment to the Goldmann three-mirror lens permitted visualization of the same area with and without indentation. Intraocular pressure increased only at the time of indentation. A plastic funnel replaced the metal one, thus reducing the entry of air bubbles between the glass and cornea.
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