1
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Kishita Y, Sugiura A, Onuki T, Ebihara T, Matsuhashi T, Shimura M, Fushimi T, Ichino N, Nagatakidani Y, Nishihata H, Nitta KR, Yatsuka Y, Imai-Okazaki A, Wu Y, Osaka H, Ohtake A, Murayama K, Okazaki Y. Strategic validation of variants of uncertain significance in ECHS1 genetic testing. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1006-1015. [PMID: 37055166 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of branched chain amino acids and fatty acids. Mutations in the ECHS1 gene lead to mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of intermediates of valine. This is one of the most common causative genes in mitochondrial diseases. While genetic analysis studies have diagnosed numerous cases with ECHS1 variants, the increasing number of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in genetic diagnosis is a major problem. METHODS Here, we constructed an assay system to verify VUS function for ECHS1 gene. A high-throughput assay using ECHS1 knockout cells was performed to index these phenotypes by expressing cDNAs containing VUS. In parallel with the VUS validation system, a genetic analysis of samples from patients with mitochondrial disease was performed. The effect on gene expression in cases was verified by RNA-seq and proteome analysis. RESULTS The functional validation of VUS identified novel variants causing loss of ECHS1 function. The VUS validation system also revealed the effect of the VUS in the compound heterozygous state and provided a new methodology for variant interpretation. Moreover, we performed multiomics analysis and identified a synonymous substitution p.P163= that results in splicing abnormality. The multiomics analysis complemented the diagnosis of some cases that could not be diagnosed by the VUS validation system. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study uncovered new ECHS1 cases based on VUS validation and omics analysis; these analyses are applicable to the functional evaluation of other genes associated with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Kishita
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugiura
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Onuki
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Department of Neonatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuhashi
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Fushimi
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Ichino
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshie Nagatakidani
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishihata
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro R Nitta
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yatsuka
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Imai-Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yibo Wu
- Chemical Biology Mass Spectrometry Platform (CHEMBIOMS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland
- YCI Laboratory for Next-Generation Proteomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics & Clinical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Chiba Children's Hospital, Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Sabharwal A, Wishman MD, Cervera RL, Serres MR, Anderson JL, Holmberg SR, Kar B, Treichel AJ, Ichino N, Liu W, Yang J, Ding Y, Deng Y, Lacey JM, Laxen WJ, Loken PR, Oglesbee D, Farber SA, Clark KJ, Xu X, Ekker SC. Genetic therapy in a mitochondrial disease model suggests a critical role for liver dysfunction in mortality. eLife 2022; 11:e65488. [PMID: 36408801 PMCID: PMC9859037 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and largely unpredictable heterogeneity of phenotypes in patients with mitochondrial disorders demonstrates the ongoing challenges in the understanding of this semi-autonomous organelle in biology and disease. Previously, we used the gene-breaking transposon to create 1200 transgenic zebrafish strains tagging protein-coding genes (Ichino et al., 2020), including the lrpprc locus. Here, we present and characterize a new genetic revertible animal model that recapitulates components of Leigh Syndrome French Canadian Type (LSFC), a mitochondrial disorder that includes diagnostic liver dysfunction. LSFC is caused by allelic variations in the LRPPRC gene, involved in mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation and translation. lrpprc zebrafish homozygous mutants displayed biochemical and mitochondrial phenotypes similar to clinical manifestations observed in patients, including dysfunction in lipid homeostasis. We were able to rescue these phenotypes in the disease model using a liver-specific genetic model therapy, functionally demonstrating a previously under-recognized critical role for the liver in the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Mark D Wishman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Roberto Lopez Cervera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - MaKayla R Serres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shannon R Holmberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Bibekananda Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Anthony J Treichel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Noriko Ichino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Jean M Lacey
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - William J Laxen
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Perry R Loken
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
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3
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Ichino N, Serres MR, Urban RM, Urban MD, Treichel AJ, Schaefbauer KJ, Greif LE, Varshney GK, Skuster KJ, McNulty MS, Daby CL, Wang Y, Liao HK, El-Rass S, Ding Y, Liu W, Anderson JL, Wishman MD, Sabharwal A, Schimmenti LA, Sivasubbu S, Balciunas D, Hammerschmidt M, Farber SA, Wen XY, Xu X, McGrail M, Essner JJ, Burgess SM, Clark KJ, Ekker SC. Building the vertebrate codex using the gene breaking protein trap library. eLife 2020; 9:54572. [PMID: 32779569 PMCID: PMC7486118 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One key bottleneck in understanding the human genome is the relative under-characterization of 90% of protein coding regions. We report a collection of 1200 transgenic zebrafish strains made with the gene-break transposon (GBT) protein trap to simultaneously report and reversibly knockdown the tagged genes. Protein trap-associated mRFP expression shows previously undocumented expression of 35% and 90% of cloned genes at 2 and 4 days post-fertilization, respectively. Further, investigated alleles regularly show 99% gene-specific mRNA knockdown. Homozygous GBT animals in ryr1b, fras1, tnnt2a, edar and hmcn1 phenocopied established mutants. 204 cloned lines trapped diverse proteins, including 64 orthologs of human disease-associated genes with 40 as potential new disease models. Severely reduced skeletal muscle Ca2+ transients in GBT ryr1b homozygous animals validated the ability to explore molecular mechanisms of genetic diseases. This GBT system facilitates novel functional genome annotation towards understanding cellular and molecular underpinnings of vertebrate biology and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ichino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - MaKayla R Serres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Rhianna M Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Mark D Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Anthony J Treichel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Kyle J Schaefbauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Lauren E Greif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Functional & Chemical Genomics Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Kimberly J Skuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Melissa S McNulty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Camden L Daby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Suzan El-Rass
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery & Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto & University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mark D Wishman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Ankit Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven Arthur Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery & Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto & University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Maura McGrail
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
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4
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Abstract
By enabling researchers to image whole zebrafish with cellular resolution, X-ray histotomography will improve our understanding of the biological differences between individuals of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ichino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
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5
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Yamada H, Suzuki K, Ichino N, Ohashi K, Osakabe K, Sugimoto K, Ando Y, Ishikawa H, Teradaira R, Inoue T, Hamajima N, Hashimoto S. Association of Serum Level of microRNAs (miR-27a, miR-122, and miR-320) with Obesity Index among Japanese Subjects. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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6
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Yamada K, Ishiguro H, Ichino N, Nishii K, Sawada H, Hida T, Nagatsu T. Expression levels of Rab2, a G protein, and Bag-1, a Bcl-2 binding protein are controlled by withdrawal of nicotine from cultured pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 112:633-9. [PMID: 15785859 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that nicotine withdrawal up-regulates transcription of some immediately early genes (IEGs), c-fos (Ichino et al., 1999) and egr1, nur77 (Ichino et al., 2002) in cultures of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, which are of neuronal lineage. In the present study we aimed at further elucidating the effects of nicotine withdrawal on the expression of the genes downstream of IEGs. We examined the changes in the protein levels of 2 GTP-binding proteins, Rab2 (Ras-related protein) and Rac1. PC12 cells were cultured in the presence of nicotine for 24 hours, and then the nicotine was removed from the medium. The protein level of Rab2 was low in the presence of nicotine, but was rapidly increased after nicotine withdrawal. In contrast, that of Rac1 did not change after the withdrawal. Considering the neuroprotective effect of nicotine, we also examined the level of Bag-1 protein, which is a binding protein for Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic factor, and found a slight increase in the gene expression of Bag-1 following nicotine withdrawal. Among 56-kDa, 50-kDa, and 36-kDa protein components of the Bag-1 protein complex, the levels of 56-kDa and 50-kDa proteins were not changed by the addition or withdrawal of nicotine; but the level of the 36-kDa protein, which had been increased in the presence of nicotine, was markedly decreased after nicotine withdrawal. The present results suggest that such changes may also occur in individuals during abstaining from smoking and be related to the withdrawal symptoms experienced after smokers stop smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamada
- School of Health Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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7
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Ichino N, Yamada K, Nishii K, Sawada H, Nagatsu T, Ishiguro H. Increase of transcriptional levels of egr-1 and nur77 genes due to both nicotine treatment and withdrawal in pheochromocytoma cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2002; 109:1015-22. [PMID: 12111438 DOI: 10.1007/s007020200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of nicotine on the expression of egr-1 and nur77 genes by nicotine treatment and withdrawal was assessed using PC12 cells. Nicotine treatment significantly increased the amount of mRNA for egr-1 and nur77 genes at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment in the PC12 cells. In addition, nicotine withdrawal also elevated transcriptional levels of egr-1 and nur77 genes in Northern blot analyses. Nicotine treatment (200 microM) was also found to significantly increase expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins at 0.5 h post-nicotine treatment. In contrast, Egr-1 and Nur77 protein levels were dramatically decreased by nicotine withdrawal. These results suggest that expressional levels of Egr-1 and Nur77 proteins in neural cells may affect the transcriptional activity of late-response genes after nicotine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ichino
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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8
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Ishiguro H, Yamada K, Sawada H, Nishii K, Ichino N, Sawada M, Kurosawa Y, Matsushita N, Kobayashi K, Goto J, Hashida H, Masuda N, Kanazawa I, Nagatsu T. Age-dependent and tissue-specific CAG repeat instability occurs in mouse knock-in for a mutant Huntington's disease gene. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:289-97. [PMID: 11494364 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the HD gene. To clarify the instability of expanded CAG repeats in HD patients, an HD model mouse has been generated by gene replacement with human exon 1 of the HD gene with expansion to 77 CAG repeats. Chimeric proteins composed of human mutated exon 1 and mouse huntingtin are expressed ubiquitously in brain and peripheral tissues. One or two CAG repeat expansion was found in litters from paternal transmission, whereas contraction of CAG repeat in litters was observed through maternal transmission. Elderly mice show greater CAG repeat instability than younger mice, and a unique case was observed of an expanded 97 CAG repeat mouse. Somatic CAG repeat instability is particularly pronounced in the liver, kidney, stomach, and brain but not in the cerebellum of 100-week-old mice. The same results of expanded CAG repeat instability as observed in this HD model mouse were confirmed in the human brain of HD patients. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells have been found to be increased in the substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidus (GP), and striatum (St) in the brains of 40-week-old affected mice, although without neuronal cell death. The CAG repeat instability and increase in GFAP-positive cells in this mouse model appear to mirror the abnormalities in HD patients. The HD model mouse may therefore have advantages for investigations of molecular mechanisms underlying instability of CAG repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishiguro
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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9
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Nishimoto S, Hikasa H, Ichino N, Kurita T, Yoshino K. Venous anastomoses with a microvascular anastomotic device in head and neck reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg 2000; 16:553-6. [PMID: 11083395 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Microvascular Anastomotic System (3M coupler) uses a friction-fit union of implant rings composed of high-density polyethylene and stainless-steel pins. Several reports have described equal or greater patency rates, as well as more rapid performance, using the device, compared to conventional suturing techniques. Eighty-nine patients, who underwent head and neck surgery with free-tissue transfers, using the Microvascular Anastomotic System, were evaluated. A hundred and twenty-one venous anastomoses were done using the device. All but one was done in an end-to-end manner Arteries were anastomosed with a conventional suture technique. The flap survival rate was 100 percent. The authors conclude that the device is reliable and time-sparing for end-to-end venous anastomoses in head and neck reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
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10
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Yamada K, Ichino N, Nishii K, Sawada H, Higashiyama S, Ishiguro H, Nagatsu T. Characterization of the human NTAK gene structure and distribution of the isoforms for rat NTAK mRNA. Gene 2000; 255:15-24. [PMID: 10974560 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NTAK (neural- and thymus-derived activator for the ErbB kinase, neuregulin-2) is a novel member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. We have isolated and characterized the human NTAK gene, comprising 12 exons spanning in excess of 55 kilobases (kb). The 7. 0kb long mRNA of the human NTAK gene was expressed in the human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell line with two alternative isoforms detected. Furthermore, six isoforms have been identified from rat brain and PC-12 cells. Although the alpha isoform of the NTAK gene was found to be expressed in all tissues including brain, the beta isoform was expressed only in rat brain tissues. Potential regulatory regions included consensus binding sites for AP-2, TF-IIIA, Sp-1, and YY-1 located in the 5'-flanking region of the NTAK gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamada
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Toyoake, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The influence of nicotine on the expression of Fos family proteins, which specifically formed complexes with the AP-1 sequence, was assessed. mRNA for c-Fos, c-jun and jun-B were up-regulated at 0.5 h after nicotine treatment, elevated c-Fos also being apparent after withdrawal. Although nicotine failed to up-regulate the mRNA level of the fra-1 gene, the Fra- protein was highly expressed after both treatment and withdrawal. These results indicate that nicotine treatment may affect the transcriptional activity of many genes through c-Fos and c-Jun protein expression in neural cells, and that Fra-1 protein may make a contribution. These changes in immediately early genes (IEGs) may be associated with nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ichino
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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12
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Ishiguro H, Yamada K, Ichino N, Nagatsu T. Identification and characterization of a novel phorbol ester-responsive DNA sequence in the 5'-flanking region of the human dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:21941-9. [PMID: 9705334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.34.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), enhances transcription of many eukaryotic genes, including that for dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). In the present study, we report identification and characterization of a novel sequence motif residing in the 5'-flanking region of the human DBH gene, which mediates transcriptional induction by TPA. Deletional analyses indicated the promoter region between -223 and -187 base pairs to be critical. Whereas this region does not contain any putative regulatory motifs with significant sequence homology to the AP-1 motif, extensive deletional and site-directed mutational analyses indicated that a sequence between -210 and -199 base pairs, 5'-ATCCGCCTGTCT-3', may represent a novel TPA-response element (TRE). In addition, alteration of the YY1-binding site decreased TPA-mediated induction of the DBH promoter activity, suggesting that contiguous cis-regulatory element(s) cooperate with this novel sequence motif. Furthermore, insertional mutation analyses between the YY1-binding site and the cyclic AMP-responsive element indicated that the stereospecificity of these motifs is important for intact transcriptional induction by TPA. Taken together, these data suggest that transcriptional up-regulation of the human DBH gene in response to TPA requires coordination of a novel TRE (human DBH TRE, hDTRE), cyclic AMP-responsive element, and the YY1-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishiguro
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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13
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Ishiguro H, Higashiyama S, Yamada K, Ichino N, Taniguchi N, Nagatsu T. [Structure and function of a novel ErbB ligand, NTAK]. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 1998; 18:137-42. [PMID: 9866830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, the neural and thymus-derived activator for ErbB kinase (NTAK) has been cloned from the cDNA library of a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12 cells and human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH cells. Four alternative spliced isoforms from rat cDNA have been detected by the methods of RT-PCR. The rat NTAK alpha 2a isoform exhibits 94% identity in its sequence with the human NTAK alpha isoform. Three characteristic Ig-like, EGF-like and hydrophobic domains have been identified in rat and human NTAK molecules. Recombinant NTAK, the soluble 46 kDa form, binds directly to ErbB3 and ErbB4, but not ErbB1 and B2. NTAK, however, transactivates with heterodimer such as ErbB1/B3, B1/B4, B2/B3, B2/B4, and B3/B4. NTAK stimulates the differentiation of MDA-MB-453 cells, derived from blast carcinoma. NTAK competitively inhibits the binding of [125I] NRG-1 to these cells. Thus, NTAK is a new member of the EGF family displaying NRG-1 properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishiguro
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Higashiyama S, Horikawa M, Yamada K, Ichino N, Nakano N, Nakagawa T, Miyagawa J, Matsushita N, Nagatsu T, Taniguchi N, Ishiguro H. A novel brain-derived member of the epidermal growth factor family that interacts with ErbB3 and ErbB4. J Biochem 1997; 122:675-80. [PMID: 9348101 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, the neural- and thymus-derived activator for ErbB kinases (NTAK), has been purified and cloned. Five alternative spliced isoforms have been detected in the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cells. The rat NTAK alpha2a isoform exhibits 94% identity in its primary sequence with the human NTAK alpha isoform. In vivo, NTAK is only expressed in the brain of rat E11.5 embryos, and in the brain and thymus of adult rats. The soluble 46 kDa form binds directly to ErbB3 and B4, but not to ErbB1 or B2. NTAK, however, transactivates ErbB1 and B2 via heterodimerization with ErbB3 or B4. NTAK stimulates the differentiation of MDA-MB-453 cells and competitively inhibits the binding of [125I]neuregulin to these cells. In addition to these neuregulin-like properties, NTAK exhibits limited structural homology to neuregulins in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like, EGF-like, and hydrophobic domains. Thus, NTAK appears to be a new member of the EGF family displaying neuregulin properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita.
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Ishiguro H, Ichino N, Yamada K, Nagatsu T. Nicotine regulates mRNA level of tyrosine hydroxylase gene but not that of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 1997; 228:37-40. [PMID: 9197282 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism of nicotine addiction, we examined the mRNA level of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and that of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes by long-term nicotine treatment. The transcript levels of the four subunit genes of the nAChR (alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4) were down-regulated by the treatment with forskolin, whereas the mRNA levels of the TH gene was increased in PC12 cells. By long-term nicotine treatment, the mRNA level of the nAChR genes did not change, but transcript levels of alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4 nAChR genes were still negatively regulated by forskolin. However, the mRNA level of TH gene did not change by forskolin under long-term nicotine treatment. The TH gene may be regulated by a nicotine-related signaling pathway, whereas alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4 nAChR genes may be further regulated by a protein kinase A (PKA) pathway under long-term nicotine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishiguro
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
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