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Gaye O, Seck M, Gueye SM, Touré SA, Diallo AI, Faye BF, Thiam NM, Bousso ES, Jalloh M, Ndoye M, Niang L, Fall PA, Diop S, Gueye SM. [Sexuality assessment of homozygous adult sickle cell patients with a history of priapism in Senegal]. Prog Urol 2022; 32:862-867. [PMID: 35623942 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexuality of SS sickle cell patients with a history of priapism. METHODS This was a case-control study of adult SS sickle cell patients. The occurrence of priapism as well as the nature of the priapism had been investigated. The patients were subdivided into three groups: Group 1 (no priapism), Group 2 (intermittent priapism) and Group 3 (acute priapism). The patients' sexuality was studied using the IIEF-15 questionnaire. RESULTS We interviewed 191 SS sickle cell patients. The mean age was 27.1±7.1 years. Priapism was observed in 43.5 %. Only 77 patients were eligible for the IIEF15 questionnaire. Groups 1 and 2 performed significantly better than group 3 on erectile function (EF) and orgasmic function (OF) scores. There was no significant difference in the EF and OF scores between groups 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed between the three groups for the scores of sexual desire (SD), intercourse satisfaction (IS), and overall satisfaction (OS). The impairment of erectile function in group 2 was related to the age of the first episode of priapism and the last episode. The impairment of erectile function in group 3 was related to the duration of evolution (P<0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that priapism is responsible for impaired erectile function in SS adult sickle cell patients. A program to prevent intermittent episodes of priapism should be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gaye
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Sénégal; Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Dalal Jamm, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - M Seck
- Centre National Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - S M Gueye
- Centre National Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - S A Touré
- Centre National Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - A I Diallo
- Service Santé Publique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Dakar.
| | - B F Faye
- Centre National Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - N M Thiam
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - E S Bousso
- Centre National Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - M Jalloh
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - M Ndoye
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - L Niang
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - P A Fall
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Dalal Jamm, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - S Diop
- Centre National Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - S M Gueye
- Service d'urologie de l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Sy O, Sarr PC, Assogba BS, Ndiaye M, Dia AK, Ndiaye A, Nourdine MA, Guèye OK, Konaté L, Gaye O, Faye O, Niang EA. Detection of kdr and ace-1 mutations in wild populations of Anopheles arabiensis and An. melas in a residual malaria transmission area of Senegal. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 173:104783. [PMID: 33771262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the central western Senegal, malaria transmission has been reduced low due to the combination of several effective control interventions. However, despite this encouraging achievement, residual malaria transmission still occurring in few areas, mainly ensured by An. arabiensis and An. melas. The resurgence or the persistence of the disease may have originated from the increase and the spread of insecticide resistance genes among natural malaria vectors populations. Therefore, assessing the status and mechanisms of insecticides resistance among targeted malaria vectors is of highest importance to better characterize factors underlying the residual transmission where it occurs. Malaria vectors were collected from three selected villages using nocturnal human landing catches (HLC) and pyrethrum spray collections (PSC) methods. An. gambiae s.l. specimens were identified at the species level then genotyped for the presence of kdr-west (L1014F), kdr-east (L1014S) and ace-1R mutations by qPCR. An. arabiensis (69.36%) and An. melas (27.99%) were the most common species of the Gambiae complex in the study area. Among An. arabiensis population, the allelic frequency of the kdr-east (22.66%) was relatively higher than for kdr-west mutation (9.96%). While for An. melas populations, the overall frequencies of both mutations were very low, being respectively 1.12% and 0.40% for the L1014S and L1014F mutations. With a global frequency of 2%, only the heterozygous form of the G119S mutation was found only in An. arabiensis and in all the study sites. The widespread occurrence of the kdr mutation in both An. arabiensis and An. melas natural populations, respectively the main and focal vectors in the central-western Senegal, may have contributed to maintaining malaria transmission in the area. Thus, compromising the effectiveness of pyrethroids-based vector control measures and the National Elimination Goal. Therefore, monitoring and managing properly insecticide resistance became a key programmatic intervention to achieve the elimination goal where feasible, as aimed by Senegal. Noteworthy, this is the first report of the ace-1 mutation in natural populations of An. arabiensis from Senegal, which need to be closely monitored to preserve one of the essential insecticide classes used in IRS to control the pyrethroids-resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sy
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - P C Sarr
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - B S Assogba
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, the Gambia
| | - M Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A K Dia
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A Ndiaye
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M A Nourdine
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - O K Guèye
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - L Konaté
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - O Gaye
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - O Faye
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - E A Niang
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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NDiaye JL, Cissé B, Ba EH, Gomis JF, Ndour CT, Molez JF, Fall FB, Sokhna C, Faye B, Kouevijdin E, Niane FK, Cairns M, Trape JF, Rogier C, Gaye O, Greenwood BM, Milligan PJM. Correction: Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine when Delivered to Children under 10 Years of Age by District Health Services in Senegal: Results from a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168421. [PMID: 27930741 PMCID: PMC5145224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162563.].
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NDiaye JL, Cissé B, Ba EH, Gomis JF, Ndour CT, Molez JF, Fall FB, Sokhna C, Faye B, Kouevijdin E, Niane FK, Cairns M, Trape JF, Rogier C, Gaye O, Greenwood BM, Milligan PJM. Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine when Delivered to Children under 10 Years of Age by District Health Services in Senegal: Results from a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162563. [PMID: 27764102 PMCID: PMC5072628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is recommended that children aged 3 months to five years of age living in areas of seasonal transmission in the sub-Sahel should receive Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) during the malaria transmission season. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of SMC with SPAQ in children when delivered by community health workers in three districts in Senegal where SMC was introduced over three years, in children from 3 months of age to five years of age in the first year, then in children up to 10 years of age. Methods A surveillance system was established to record all deaths and all malaria cases diagnosed at health facilities and a pharmacovigilance system was established to detect adverse drug reactions. Health posts were randomized to introduce SMC in a stepped wedge design. SMC with SPAQ was administered once per month from September to November, by nine health-posts in 2008, by 27 in 2009 and by 45 in 2010. Results After three years, 780,000 documented courses of SMC had been administered. High coverage was achieved. No serious adverse events attributable to the intervention were detected, despite a high level of surveillance. Conclusions SMC is being implemented in countries of the sub-Sahel for children under 5 years of age, but in some areas the age distribution of cases of malaria may justify extending this age limit, as has been done in Senegal. Our results show that SMC is well tolerated in children under five and in older children. However, pharmacovigilance should be maintained where SMC is implemented and provision for strengthening national pharmacovigilance systems should be included in plans for SMC implementation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00712374
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. NDiaye
- Department of Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - B. Cissé
- Department of Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - E. H. Ba
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - J. F. Gomis
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - C. T. Ndour
- Department of Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - J. F. Molez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - F. B. Fall
- National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C. Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - B. Faye
- Department of Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - E. Kouevijdin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - F. K. Niane
- Department of Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M. Cairns
- London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. F. Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - C. Rogier
- Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - O. Gaye
- Department of Parasitology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - B. M. Greenwood
- London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - P. J. M. Milligan
- London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Sy O, Konaté L, Ndiaye A, Dia I, Diallo A, Taïrou F, Bâ EL, Gomis JF, Ndiaye JL, Cissé B, Gaye O, Faye O. [Identification of anopheles breeding sites in the residual foci of low malaria transmission «hotspots» in Central and Western Senegal]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 109:31-8. [PMID: 26830896 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-016-0469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria incidence has markedly declined in the Mbour, Fatick, Niakhar and Bambey districts (central and western Senegal) thanks to a scaling up of effective control measures namely LLINs (Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Net), ACTs (Artesunate Combination Therapy) and promoting care seeking. However malaria cases are now maintained by foci of transmission called hotspots. We evaluate the role of anopheles breeding sites in the identification of malaria hotspots in the health districts of Mbour, Fatick, Niakhar and Bambey. Surveys of breeding sites were made in 6 hotspot villages and 4 non-hotspot villages. A sample was taken in each water point with mosquito larvae by dipping method and the collected specimens were identified to the genus level. Additional parameters as name of the village and breeding sites, type of collection, original water turbidity, presence of vegetation, proximity to dwellings, geographic coordinates, sizes were also collected. Sixty-two water collections were surveyed and monitored between 2013 and 2014. Temporary natural breeding sites were predominant regardless of the epidemiological status of the village. Among the 31 breeding sites located within 500 meters of dwellings in hotspots villages, 70% carried Anopheles larvae during the rainy season while 43% of the 21 breeding sites located at similar distances in non-hotspot villages carried Anopheles larvae during the same period (P = 0.042). At the end of the rainy season, the trend is the same with 27% of positive breeding sites in hotspots and 14% in non-hotspots villages. The breeding sites encountered in hotspots villages are mostly small to medium size and are more productive by Anopheles larvae than those found in non-hotspot area. This study showed that the high frequency of smallest and productive breeding sites around and inside the villages can create conditions of residual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sy
- Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - L Konaté
- Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A Ndiaye
- Département de géographie, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - I Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A Diallo
- Laboratoire de parasitologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - F Taïrou
- Laboratoire de parasitologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - E L Bâ
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - J F Gomis
- Laboratoire de parasitologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - J L Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de parasitologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - B Cissé
- Laboratoire de parasitologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - O Gaye
- Laboratoire de parasitologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - O Faye
- Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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Sy O, Cisse B, Tairou F, Diallo A, Ba E, Gomis JF, NDiaye JL, Konaté L, Gaye O, Milligan P, Faye O. [Acceptability of indoor residual spraying in the Central-Western of Senegal]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 108:213-7. [PMID: 25877132 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-015-0431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent decline of malaria transmission in central-western of Senegal after a scaling up of control measures gives an open window for interventions toward malaria elimination. As a consequence, malaria transmission is now occurring as hotspots. The aim of the project is to evaluate whether target control measures combining indoor residual spraying (IRS) with chemoprophylaxis can virtually eliminate malaria in hotspots. Targeted villages located in four (4) health districts (Mbour, Fatick, Niakhar and Bambey) were sprayed in august 2013 with Actellic® 300 CS (Pirimiphosmethyl). Our objective in this study is to evaluate the acceptability of IRS in the population. IRS is a very complex intervention that requires strong adhesion of populations. After its implementation, 370 households have been interviewed. The results of this survey showed good acceptability of IRS using Actellic® 300 CS, with 97.8% of beneficiaries who declared that IRS is good and even excellent for the community. Despite inconveniences that may arise during intervention, including the preparation of structures to be treated, 98% of respondents were not disturbed in their daily activities. 98.6% of responders declared that sprayers were working with professionalism and almost all households (99.7%) are willing to accept IRS next year. The survey revealed a good acceptability of indoor residual spraying in hot spots located in central-western of Senegal; spraying with Actellic® 300 CS did not cause a problem to the targeted populations. Finally, there is great satisfaction in the population due a huge reduction of mosquito nuisances.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sy
- Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, Faculté des sciences et techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal,
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Ndiaye M, Ndiaye JL, Tine R, Sylla K, Faye B, Diouf I, Sow D, Lo AC, Abiola A, Dieng Y, Gaye O. [Profile of cytokines associated with protection against malaria episodes during pregnancy in hypo-endemic area in Senegal]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2014; 107:159-164. [PMID: 24842755 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-014-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Malarial infection in non immune pregnant women is a major risk factor for pregnancy failure. However in malaria endemic areas, intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) have been adopted to prevent malaria in pregnancy women since 2003 in Senegal. The impact of IPT on the development of immunity is not very well documented. We conducted a prospective study at the Roi-Baudouin maternity hospital of Guediawaye in Senegal to assess IL10, IL12, TNFα and IFNγ cytokines production in pregnant women under IPTp. Cytokines were analyzed in 82 sera at inclusion and delivery. P. falciparum HRP2 antigen was detected in 17% of women included by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). At inclusion the mean of IL10 response was higher in P. falciparum negative women (8 UA) compare to RDT-positive women (7 UA) p=0.069 while in delivery the opposite was found p=0.014. Low production of inflammatory cytokines IL12, IFNγ and TNFα was noted in both groups. Between inclusion and delivery, a significant increase of IL-10 production was noted while a decrease of IFNγ and TNFα cytokine was noted. Thus, IL12 and IFNγ responses may synergistically associate as malaria immune response during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ndiaye
- Faculté de médecine et d'odontologie, Service de parasitologie-mycologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal,
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Faye B, Dieng T, Tine RC, Diouf L, Sylla K, Ndiaye M, Sow D, Ndiaye JL, Ndiaye D, Ndiaye M, Badiane AS, Seck MC, Dieng Y, Faye O, Ndir O, Gaye O. [Cryptosporidiosis in Senegalese children: prevalence study and use of ELISA serologic diagnosis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 106:258-63. [PMID: 24136663 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-013-0316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a prospective, descriptive and analytic study conducted from July 2011 to September 2011 at the Children National Hospital Albert Royer of Dakar and at the Vélingara Health District. It was focused on children under 15 without reference to HIV status. For each child, a sample of stool was examined by the Ziehl-Neelsen modified staining and by ELISA using the "Cryptosporidium Antigen Detection Microwell ELISA kit" designed to detect Cryptosporidium spp antigens. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in rural and hospital areas and to measure the performance of the ELISA kit that we used. Out of the 375 stool examinations performed with the Ziehl-Neelsen modified staining, 17 had revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium spp (4.53%). The prevalence in rural areas was 2% while the hospital prevalence was 7.4%, of which 1.8% (1/57) were from urban areas and 9.8% (12/122) from suburban areas. No positive case was observed in children over 10 years. By ELISA, 23 positives cases were reported corresponding to a prevalence of 6.13% (1.8% in children living in urban areas, 13.1% in children from suburban areas and 3%living in rural areas).The correlation of this assay with the Ziehl-Neelsen modified staining, considered as the reference method, found that this assay had a sensitivity of 58.82% and a high specificity reaching 96.37%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 43.4% while the negative predictive value was 98%. Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of parasitic infection among children in Senegal. Antigen detection of Cryptosporidium spp by ELISA in stool can be a complementary tool in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Faye
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, Faculté de médecine, pharmacie et odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal,
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Guichet E, Sow D, Le Terrier M, Francois C, Gaye O, Dieng Y, Le Pape P. Première identification de Candida africana au Sénégal : approches moléculaires et phénotypiques. J Mycol Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Courtin D, Djilali-Saïah A, Milet J, Soulard V, Gaye O, Migot-Nabias F, Sauerwein R, Garcia A, Luty AJF. Schistosoma haematobium infection affects Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG responses associated with protection against malaria. Parasite Immunol 2011; 33:124-31. [PMID: 21226725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that antibody responses directed to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1, MSP-2 and glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) are associated with anti-malarial protection in residents of the Niakhar area of Senegal. In the same area, urinary schistosomiasis is frequent and we therefore assessed the possible influence of Schistosoma haematobium infection on these protective anti-malarial IgG responses. After adjustment for confounders, we found that the levels of IgG1 directed to MSP1 and GLURP were significantly lower in helminth carriers. The higher circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-10 present in the plasma of co-infected individuals were associated with decreased anti-plasmodial IgG responses, particularly of those directed to MSP-2. Our data thus reveal a modulation of P. falciparum-specific immune responses in the presence of a trematode helminth infection, potentially increasing infected individuals' risk of plasmodial infection or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Courtin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 216 «Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales», Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Tine R, Faye B, Ndiaye J, Ndour C, Brasseur P, Olliaro P, Gaye O. Co-infection paludisme bilharziose urinaire chez les enfants d’âge scolaire en zone rurale sénégalaise. Med Mal Infect 2011; 41:112-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Faye B, Bañuls A, Bucheton B, Dione M, Bassanganam O, Hide M, Dereure J, Choisy M, Ndiaye J, Konaté O, Claire M, Senghor M, Faye M, Sy I, Niang A, Molez J, Victoir K, Marty P, Delaunay P, Knecht R, Mellul S, Diedhiou S, Gaye O. Canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Senegal: risk of emergence in humans? Microbes Infect 2010; 12:1219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Ndiaye JL, Faye B, Gueye A, Lameyre V, Charron B, Gaye O. Étude randomisée comparative des combinaisons fixes artésunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine, dans le traitement répété des accès palustres simples à Plasmodium falciparum survenant dans une cohorte suivie pendant deux ans au Sénégal. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2010.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Vaillant M, Brasseur P, Agnamey P, Gaye O, Taylor W, Olliaro P. Effets sur l’épidémiologie du paludisme non compliqué du déploiement de la combinaison d’artésunate et amodiaquine à Oussouye, district de Casamance, Sénégal (Recherche-Action). Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2009.02.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Faye B, Ndiaye JL, Tine RC, Lô AC, Gaye O. [Interaction between malaria and intestinal helminthiasis in Senegal: influence of the carriage of intestinal parasites on the intensity of the malaria infection]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 101:391-4. [PMID: 19192606 DOI: 10.3185/pathexo3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Co-infection between intestinal parasites and Plasmodium falciparum is very frequent in inter tropical zone. Our study carried out in the North of Senegal (zone of high prevalence of schistosomiasis) aimed at measuring the influence of the carriage of intestinal parasites on the intensity of malaria infection. The Plasmodium falciparum densities were significantly higher during Plasmodium falciparum/Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum/Ascaris lumbricoides co-infection in children under 14 years old. Other intestinal parasites did not seem to have negative influence on the intensity of Plasmodium falciparum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Faye
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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16
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Brasseur P, Agnamey P, Gaye O, Cisse M, Badiane M, Vaillant M, Taylor WRJ, Olliaro P. Dosing accuracy of artesunate and amodiaquine as treatment for falciparum malaria in Casamance, Senegal. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 14:79-87. [PMID: 19021893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several products of artesunate plus amodiaquine (AS + AQ) are being deployed in malaria-endemic countries for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria but dosing accuracy and consequential effects on efficacy and tolerability have not been examined. METHODS Patients with parasitologically confirmed, uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated and followed by research teams or local health centre staff in Casamance, Senegal. AS + AQ was given as: (i) loose combination (AS 50 mg, AQ 200 mg), dosed on body weight, or (ii) co-blistered product (AS 50 mg, AQ 153 mg) dosed by weight or age. Target doses were: (i) AS 4 (2-10) mg/kg/day and (ii) AQ 10 (7.5-15) mg/kg/day. Patients receiving therapeutic doses defined dosing accuracy. Treatment-emergent signs and symptoms (TESS) were recorded. RESULTS A total of 3277 patients were treated with loose (n = 1972, weight-dosed) or co-blistered (n = 1305, 962 age-dosed, 343 weight-dosed) AS + AQ by the research team (n = 966) or clinic staff (n = 2311). AS was dosed correctly in >99% with all regimens. Loose AQ by weight was 98% correct. The co-blister AQ overdosed 18% of patients when dosed by age and underdosed 13% by weight. Low weight was an independent risk factor for overdosing. The co-blister had significantly more TESS than the loose product [117/1305 (9%) vs. 41/1972 (2%), relative risk = 4.3 (95% CI: 3.0-6.1, P < 0.0001)]. Age-based dosing accounted for the difference. TESS occurred mostly within one day (72%) and were mild or moderate (75%). CONCLUSION Artesunate is easier to dose than AQ. Currently available age-dosed, co-blistered AS + AQ tends to overdose AQ and is less well tolerated than loose tablets. It is not the optimal presentation of AS + AQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brasseur
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dakar, Sénégal
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Males S, Gaye O, Garcia A. Long-Term Asymptomatic Carriage of Plasmodium falciparum Protects from Malaria Attacks: a Prospective Study among Senegalese Children. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:516-22. [DOI: 10.1086/526529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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19
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Ndiaye D, Daily J, Sarr O, Ndir O, Gaye O, Mboup S, Roper C, Wirth D. Defining the origin of Plasmodium falciparum resistant dhfr isolates in Senegal. Acta Trop 2006; 99:106-11. [PMID: 16905111 PMCID: PMC2582374 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a high baseline prevalence of mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes of Plasmodium falciparum throughout Senegal. The highest prevalence of the triple dhfr pyrimethamine associated mutations were found in isolates obtained in the western part of the country near the capital city of Dakar. In this study, we sought out to determine the relatedness of dhfr wild type and mutated strains by analyzing three microsatellite regions upstream of the dhfr locus. Twenty-six of the 31 wild type strains had a unique microsatellite pattern. In contrast, of the 17 isolates containing the triple mutation in dhfr, 11 had an identical microsatellite pattern. Diverse geographical isolates in Senegal containing the triple dhfr mutation have arisen from a limited number of ancestral strains. In addition, we demonstrate that these isolates have shared ancestry with the previously reported triple mutation haplotype found in Tanzania, South Africa, and southeast Asia. This common ancestry may have implications for the malaria control strategy for reducing the spread of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Senegal and elsewhere in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ndiaye
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - J.P. Daily
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 432 5321; fax: +1 617 432 4766. E-mail address: (J.P. Daily)
| | - O. Sarr
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - O. Ndir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - O. Gaye
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Dantec Hospital, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - S. Mboup
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C. Roper
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - D.F. Wirth
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Molez JF, Diop A, Gaye O, Lemasson JJ, Fontenille D. [Malaria morbidity in Barkedji, village of Ferlo, in Senegal Sahelian area]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2006; 99:187-90. [PMID: 16983823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A study of malaria morbidity was carried out from November 1994 to October 1995, in a Ferlo village (Barkedji) characterized by a long persistence of the temporary ponds. The objective was to evaluate the repercussions of the strong and long anopheles transmission in humans. A clinical follow-up of a group of residents was conducted at home every 10 days by an investigator trained for taking axillary temperature and making thick smears, when suspecting malaria. Were included in the group, 123 voluntary subjects among whom 50% were children under 10 years old. Any feverish subject (T degree >37 degrees 5) or subject presenting other malaria symptoms (headaches, hot body shivers, sweats, aches...) was regarded as having a malaria attack as well as a parasitemia >2500 P/mm3 in children aged of 0 to 14 years old and 1000 P/mm3 in the oldest. During the study subjects with at least one feverish access, plasmodium infection and malaria attack were 58%, 33% and 22%, respectively. On 172 hyperthermias observed, 49% were accompanied by a circulating parasitemia and 30% corresponded to malaria attack. The feverish subjects (74% vs. 42%), the subjects with parasitemia (51% vs. 16%) and the cases of malaria (34% vs. 10%) were more frequently encountered in children under10 than in the oldest. The cases of malaria attacks were more frequent from November to January (70%). The strong intensity of malaria transmission in Barkedji and the persistence of its temporary ponds until January were sufficient to influence the level of malaria morbidity and consequently the development of an anti-malaria immunity by the indigenous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Molez
- UR 178 (Conditions et territoires d'émergences des maladies), Institut de recherche pour le développement, Centre IRD de Hann BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar, Sénégal.
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Valin N, Dieng AB, Chippaux JP, Le Hesran JY, Gaye O, Garcia A. Low malaria morbidity in a cohort of Senegalese children with free access to health structures. Parasite 2006; 13:79-81. [PMID: 16605072 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2006131079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the impact of the free access to health facilities on malaria morbidity in children from two to 15 years old, during a malaria transmission season in Niakhar, Senegal. Between July and December 2002, 227 malaria attacks occured in 566 children. Only one case of severe malaria was observed and no death has been reported. Our results demonstrate furthermore that easier access to health facilities and to early treatment is playing a key role in malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Valin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité de Recherche (UR) 010 : Santé de la mère et de l'enfant en milieu tropical, Dakar, Sénégal
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Ndiaye D, Daily JP, Sarr O, Ndir O, Gaye O, Mboup S, Wirth DF. Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in Senegal. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10:1176-9. [PMID: 16262743 PMCID: PMC2582373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Senegal recently (2004) switched to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) with amodiaquine as first line therapy for malaria in response to increasing chloroquine resistance. In anticipation of emerging resistance to SP as a result of this change in drug pressure, we set out to define the baseline prevalence of SP-associated mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes in Plasmodium falciparum using geographically diverse and longitudinally collected samples. A total of 153 blood samples were analysed from patients (5 years or older) with mild malaria after informed consent was obtained. Longitudinal samples were collected between 2000 and 2003 in Pikine, a suburb of Dakar. Geographically diverse site sampling was carried out in 2003. The mutation prevalence in DHFR codons 51, 59 and 108 is 65%, 61% and 78% in Pikine, 2003. The overall prevalence of the triple mutation that is associated with high-level pyrimethamine resistance is 61%. The mutation prevalence rate in DHPS codons 436 and 437 is 21% and 40%, respectively. There is significant geographic variation in genotypic resistance, as samples from Pikine in 2003 had higher mutation prevalence in the pfdhfr and pfdhps genes compared to samples from Tambacounda (P < 0.015). In summary, this study demonstrates a high background prevalence of SP resistance mutations already present in P. falciparum in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ndiaye
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
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23
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Agnamey P, Brasseur P, Cisse M, Gaye O, Dumoulin J, Rigal J, Taylor WRJ, Olliaro P. Economic evaluation of a policy change from single-agent treatment for suspected malaria to artesunate-amodiaquine for microscopically confirmed uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Oussouye District of south-western Senegal. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10:926-33. [PMID: 16135201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Senegal is changing policy for case management of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, which hitherto is diagnosed clinically and treated with chloroquine or intramuscular quinine. The WHO recommends artemisinin-based combinations for treating falciparum malaria, preferably based on a parasitological diagnosis. There are no economic projections if such a policy were introduced in Senegal. We have conducted a preliminary economic assessment of such a policy change. The study took place in the chloroquine-resistant district of Oussouye in south-western Senegal. We reviewed clinic registers of the district health posts (n=5) from 1996 to 2001, and piloted artesunate combined with amodiaquine (at 4 and 10 mg/kg/day x 3 days respectively) (AS--AQ) for treating slide-proven falciparum malaria during two rainy seasons (2000 and 2001) at one health centre. These data were used to calculate current direct patient costs (clinic visit, diagnosis, drugs) of malaria treatment and project future costs for the district. The robustness of the model was tested by allowing for different drug failure rates and costs of diagnosis. During 1996--2001, the mean number of primary treatments per year was 7654 for a mean, direct cost of 17,452 US dollars to the community. Clinical diagnosis resulted in over-treatment: 56% and 66% in the wet and dry seasons respectively. Current policy leads to substantial drug wastage and excess direct costs for the community. The direct costs of implementing AS-AQ for slide-proven malaria would be 8,150 US dollars (53% less expensive). Studies examining the public health effect and economics of deploying AS--AQ on a wider scale are underway in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Agnamey
- Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, France.
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Ndir I, Gaye A, Faye B, Gaye O, Ndir O. [Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among women having spontaneous abortion and pregnant women following in a center of health up-town in Dakar]. Dakar Med 2004; 49:5-9. [PMID: 15782468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A prospective survey carried on 70 women having a spontaneous abortion and 70 pregnant women was achieved in the center of health Roi Baudouin of Guediawaye (Senegal) between November 2001 to April 2002 to study the toxoplasmosis in the two groups. Anti-toxoplasmosis antibodies were searched for on all women by a technical solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The solid-phase is a combs. The seroprevalence of the toxoplasmosis is 37.1% among women having aborted and 40% for pregnant women. The difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.729). The seroconversion is 22.8% among women having aborted and 10% for pregnant women. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.041). The research of factors favoring the infestation, related to through food habits, pleads in favor of a contamination during childhood, essentially soil and/or eating undone meat. With regard the high percentage of not immunized women (62.9% for women having aborted and 60% for pregnant women), it is necessary to take prophylactic measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ndir
- Centre de santé Roi Baudouin, District sanitaire de Guédiawaye Sénégal.
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Akiana J, Camara PI, Sokhna CS, Mbaye A, Gaye O, Konaté L, Le Hesran JY. [Development of seasonal malarial illness in a riparian region of Senegal]. Parasite 2003; 10:283-4. [PMID: 14535171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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Faye O, Faye B, Correa J, Dieng Y, Ndir O, Konate L, Ba IB, Dieng T, Gaye O, Diallo S. [Parasitic risks (bilharziosis and intestinal parasitosis) to Mboune's valley revitalisation (Senegal)]. Dakar Med 2003; 48:165-70. [PMID: 15776624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the parasitic risks related to M'Boune's valley water launching, a study has been carried out from September 16 to November 24, 1998 in 12 villages: four villages surrounding the Guiers lake, four villages surrounding Ferlo already water launched 10 years ago, and four villages within M'Boune not water launched. The prevalence rate of urinary bilharziosis is 0.002% in the frist area, 1.3% in the second one and 13.7% in the third area. In these areas, intestinal parasitosis are prevaling respectively at rates of 38.2%, 36.4% and 21.3%. Although, there is no reason to fear immediately a worsening of the epidemiological situation due to M'Boune's valley revitalisation project, nevertheless, appropriate steps should be taken right now aiming at tackling the extension of conditions related to hydric medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar (UCAD), Sénégal
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Diop A, Molez JF, Konaté L, Fontenille D, Gaye O, Diouf M, Diagne M, Faye O. [Role of Anopheles melas Theobald (1903) on malaria transmission in a mangrove swamp in Saloum (Senegal)]. Parasite 2002; 9:239-46. [PMID: 12375367 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2002093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From June 1995 to January 1998, entomological studies carried out in five villages located in the Delta's Saloum have allowed to better understand the contribution of An. melas Theobald (1903) to malaria transmission in mangrove swamp. Among the five villages studied, three of them (Simal, Djilor and Marlothie) located along the Saloum river, are colonised by An. arabiensis; the two others (Djifere and Diakhanor) located between the sea and the river, are colonised by An. melas. During the rainy season and at the beginning of the dry season, An. melas and An. arabiensis are sympatric. The ratio of An. melas/An. arabiensis increases when we go closer the coast where An. melas becomes quite exclusive. When An. melas is predominant, endophagy, endophily and anthropophily are very marked. The parturity rates are lower in An. melas than in An. arabiensis. In the predominance area of each species, transmission is on the same level. During the period of sympatry, An. arabiensis is responsible for the transmission and when it is absent, An. melas carries on. Transmission occurs from July to March with a maximum at the beginning of the dry season. In the villages of the mangrove swamp, its prolongation until the middle of the dry season is due to An. melas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diop
- Laboratoire de Paludologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Ndir I, Gaye A, Sy M, Gaye O, Ndir O. [Prevalence of intestinal parasitis at the King Baudouin health center of Guediawaye (Senegal)]. Dakar Med 2002; 47:168-71. [PMID: 15776669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A prospective study carrying on 302 samples of stools of aged children of 0 to 15 years has been achieved between January 02 and April 11 2001 in the center of health Roi Baudouin of Guediawaye (SENEGAL) to appreciate the prevalence of intestinal parasitis. For every child, we made a scotch test, a macroscopic exam of stools and a microscopic exam to the direct analysis and after concentration by the method of RITCHIE simplified. The global prevalence is 56,62%. Ascaris lumbricoides arrived in head with 34,17%, follow-up of Giardia lamblia (22,50%), Trichirus trichiura (22,08%) and Amoeba (14,58%). The prevalence varied with age and the children who are 11 to 15 years have the indication of infestation the most elevated (75,86%): The difference of prevalence to the sex and according to the presence or no current water is not meaningful. On the other hand topics to weak standard of living have an indication elevated parasitis with 66,05%. So measures of efficient struggle must be undertaken to combat these intestinal parasitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ndir
- Centre de santé Roi Baudouin - Guédiawaye (Sénégal).
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Dieng Y, Faye-Niang MA, Ndour-Diop A, Sow PS, Dieng T, Soumare M, Bah IB, Faye O, Diop BM, Gaye O, Ndir O, Diallo S. [Antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida causing oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV infected patients]. Dakar Med 2001; 46:4-7. [PMID: 15773146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis are very usual infections of HIV infected patients. By medicine pressure, susceptibility to antifungal drugs decrease in some Candida strains. This study carded out in 1997 at hospital, aimed to identify the yeast species isolated from HIV infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, test their susceptibility to antifungal drugs and a previous antifungal treatment impact. Thus, 60 patients yielded to questionnary were recruited. Isolated yeast colonies from buccal tract after culture on Sabouraud medium with chloramphenicol were identified with the API 20 C AUX (BioMérieux) system by assimilation of different sugars. Susceptibility was evaluated by ATB FUNGUS (BioMérieux) system. 55 from the 60 isolated yeasts were identified and among them C. albicans and C. tropicalis were the main species with 75% and 11,7% respectively rates. In HIV1 infected patients, all specieswere isolated and C. albicans predominated (80,4%) on the other hand, C. albicans and C. tropicalis were the only isolated yeasts from the HIV2 infected patients with 83,3% and 16,6% respectively rates. Susceptibility of C. albicans was 72,2% to nystatine, 58,3% to amphotericin B, 83,3% to flucytosin, 12,8% to miconazole, 8,5% to econazole and 10,6% to ketoconazole. Susceptibility of C. albicans to polyenes was modified by a previous antifungal treatment. This study indicated emergence of saprophytic yeasts of the buccal mucosa and seemed to be more fostered by HIV1 serotype than HIV2. So, C. albicans's susceptibility to polyenes decreased by untimely use of antifungal drugs and by controlling it one could improve the clinic conditions of HIV infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dieng
- Service de de parasitologie et Mycologie de la Faculté de Médecien de Dakar - UCAD (Sénégal)
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Dieng Y, Ndour A, Gaye O, Diouf G, Dieng T, Soumare M, Seydi M, Bah IB, Faye O, Ndir O, Faye Niang MA, Diallo S. [Pneumocystosis in HIV infected patients presenting with acid-fast bacilli negative pneumopathy at the Central University Hospital at Dakar]. Dakar Med 2000; 44:28-31. [PMID: 10797982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Pneumocystosis is an opportunist parasitic disease which occurs currently at Europe and United States in HIV infected patients. In Africa, the disease is not current. Pneumocystosis has been detected in the Fann medical universitary center at Dakar from HIV infected patients with acido alcoholo resistant bacilli negative pneumopathy. Analysis of broncho alveolar liquid(BAL) of 29 patients after Giemsa and Blue of Toluidin O staining allowed isolating of two cases of pneumocystosis. A man and a woman were the patients. They were HIV1 positive with at X ray bilateral interstitial syndrome. The CD4 lymphocytes count of the one was lower than 200/mm3 and for the other it was higher than 200/mm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dieng
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie de la Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal
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Diallo S, Konate L, Ndir O, Dieng T, Dieng Y, Bah IB, Faye O, Gaye O. [Malaria in the central health district of Dakar (Senegal). Entomological, parasitological and clinical data]. Sante 2000; 10:221-9. [PMID: 11022155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We previously investigated malaria in the southern health district of the city of Dakar, which includes the oldest neighborhoods. In this study, we investigated malaria in the central health district, corresponding to the central area of the conurbation. The study was carried out at 12 sites, from March 1996 to February 1997. The sites were selected such that the entire district was covered and included 2 sites in the shanty town and three in an old village that has been absorbed into the city. We carried out prospective monthly entomological analyses with a view to identifying the vectors and the mode of transmission of malaria. We also carried out clinical and parasitological follow up to determine the incidence of parasitemia and of bouts of malaria. Insects were collected overnight from humans and the insects remaining the next morning in 10 bedrooms in the health district were collected. For clinical and parasitological follow up, families were visited at home once per week and their clinical state was assessed. Blood smears were taken to facilitate the detection of bouts of malaria. Body temperature was measured and we checked for the presence of organisms in the blood systematically during the last weekly visit of each month. For a total of 308 collections at night from human volunteers and 1,395 bedroom collections of residual fauna, we obtained 12,879 Culicidae females, 199 (1.5%) of which were anopheles mosquitoes, with Culex quinquefasciatus accounting for 98% of the remaining mosquitoes. As in the southern district, A. arabiensis was the only species of the A. gambiae complex collected. Anopheles mosquitoes accounted for only 0.3 bites per man per night and 0.07 females per room. They were therefore poorly represented in this district and were not detected at all at five sites. They were found in large numbers only during the rainy season, especially in September, when they accounted for 2.25 bites per man per night and 0.3 females per room at 3 sites in an undeveloped zone in which 81.4% of all the anopheles mosquitoes were collected. The parturition frequency of the biting females was 32.6% and that of the females collected in houses was 50.0%. None of the A. arabiensis females dissected (98.5% of those collected) carried Plasmodium sporozoites. The clinical and parasitological follow up concerned 2,583 individuals, aged from 1 month to 80 years, from 285 families resident in Dakar who volunteered for the study; 41.9% of these individuals were less than 15 years old and 92.2% had been living in Dakar for more than 2 years. Thick and thin blood smears taken monthly showed the frequency of the parasite to be 1.0% and that of gametocytes to be 0.1%. P. falciparum was the only parasite detected in the subjects. Plasmodium infections were observed in all age groups, with a frequency of 0.4% (adults over the age of 20 years) to 1.6% (children under two years of age). Parasitized subjects were detected in every month of the study, with a frequency of 0.4% (in January) to 1.9% (in December). The largest number of cases detected in a three-month period (38.8% of all cases) was that for October to December, the three-month period immediately after the rainy season (July to September). Parasite frequency, which was no higher than 1. 2% at 10 sites, was clearly higher at two sites in the shanty town (3.8 and 6.8%), mostly inhabited by immigrants from rural areas. At the end of the study year, satisfactory weekly follow up was considered to have been achieved for 1,067 of the participants. The annual incidence of parasitemia in this cohort was 5.1% and that of malaria was 2.4%. Incidence did not vary significantly with age and was between 1.8% and 7.6% for parasitemia and between 0.8% and 3.5% for malaria. However, significant differences in incidence were observed between areas. Incidence was higher at the two sites in the shanty town, with rates of 12.1% and 36.5% for parasitemia and 6.1% and 15.9% for malaria. (ABSTRACT TR
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diallo
- Service de parasitologie, Faculté de médecine, Dakar, Sénégal
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Faye O, N'Dao O, Camara B, Soumare M, Dieng T, Bah IB, Dieng Y, Gaye O, N'Dir O, Diallo S. [Management of severe malaria in children in developing countries. A protocol for economic evaluation]. Med Trop (Mars) 2000; 59:283-6. [PMID: 10701209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This prospective one-year study was conducted as a preliminary phase to setting up a protocol for economic appraisal of management of severe malaria at Albert Royer Children's Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Data was routinely collected using a standardized checklist. The four key indicators chosen for this study were nurse workload, adequacy of care (number of patients receiving adequate care), direct cost, and mortality rate. The mean daily care workload was estimated to be 27.2 minutes. This indicator assesses the relationship between supply and demand. Based on 5 criteria, care was considered as adequate in 54.5 p. 100 of patients. This indicator is helpful in judging the effectiveness of the therapeutic modalities used. The direct cost of treating severe malaria was estimated to be 45963 CFA francs. This indicator will be useful in establishing controls to reduce costs. The mortality rate was 12.2 p. 100. Comparison of this rate with previous years suggests little improvement in the outcome of malaria management at the institution. This indicator must be taken into account in the ongoing quality control program. Overall these findings should enable institutional decision-making to improve management of severe malaria based on objective measurable data.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Clinical Protocols/standards
- Cost Control
- Developing Countries
- Direct Service Costs/statistics & numerical data
- Hospital Mortality
- Hospitals, Pediatric/economics
- Hospitals, Pediatric/standards
- Humans
- Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis
- Malaria, Falciparum/economics
- Malaria, Falciparum/mortality
- Malaria, Falciparum/therapy
- Nursing Staff, Hospital/economics
- Nursing Staff, Hospital/supply & distribution
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration
- Prospective Studies
- Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration
- Quality of Health Care
- Senegal
- Severity of Illness Index
- Time and Motion Studies
- Workload/economics
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Dakar, Sénégal
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Sall ND, Sall MG, Sarr NG, Gaye O, Diatta A, Diallo F, Mbaye AM, Ndiaye B, Toure M. [Assessment of the level of urinary iodine deficiency in children of Senegalese central regions]. Dakar Med 2000; 45:141-3. [PMID: 15779170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are a major public health problem in Senegal, where strategies of salt iodization were adopted in the southern and eastern regions. The aim of this study led in four districts (Koungheul, Bambey, Mekhe and Kebemer), was to estimate by a questionnaire, the women knowleges, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning IDD, and to measure children urinary iodine excretion by the Sandell-Kolthoff method to assess a potential deficiency. Six hundred ninety eight households were selected covering 1336 women (age 15 to 49 years) and 400 children (age 6 to 12 years). Sixty three per cent of the women knew the goiter, 89% of them considered that it was a disease and only 0.6% knew the role of iodized salt in the treatment. On the other hand, 20% of the children presented a normal range of urinary iodine excretion superior to 100 microg/l, the deficiency was light (50 to 100 microg/l) in 38% of the children, moderate (25 to 50 microg/l) in 27% and severe (< 25 microg/l) in 15% of them. These results show that other Senegalese regions are concerned by iodine deficiency disorders and need information, education and iodine supplementation programmes, notably for children and young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Sall
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, C.H.U. de Dakar
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Dieng Y, Tandia AA, Wane AT, Gaye O, Diop EH, Diallo S. [Intestinal parasitosis in the inhabitants of a suburban zone in which the groundwater is polluted by nitrates of fecal origin (Yeumbeul, Senegal)]. Sante 1999; 9:351-6. [PMID: 10705314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out in 1997 to 1998, to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infestations due to groundwater pollution at Yeumbeul, Senegal, and to follow the progression of parasite infestations following anti-parasite treatment. The study included 705 people living in a suburban zone in which the water table was polluted with nitrates of fecal origin. These individuals consumed either well water or water from springs. The overall prevalence of parasite infestation was 42.26%, but varied significantly with age (p < 0.001). Individuals who consumed well water were more frequently infested than those who consumed spring water, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.3). Giardia and Entamoeba coli were the most frequently isolated parasites, with Giardia predominating in the 0 to 9 year age-group. There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of the various parasites and indicators of water pollution (R2 = 0.0566 for nitrates and 0.1086 for fecal coliform bacteria). Similarly, no correlation was found with water pollution factors such as the depth of the water table (R2 = 0.027) and the distance between the wells and the latrines (R2 = 0.00007). Following specific treatment, the prevalence of parasite infestation fell to 30.81%. This indicates the limitations of drug treatment, which is always used alone to combat intestinal parasites, in the face of possible reinfestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dieng
- Service de parasitologie-mycologie, Faculté de médecine et pharmacie; Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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Abstract
Blood samples from 182 patients presenting at the out-patient clinic in Richard-Toll. Senegal were analysed by Thick smear microscopy, the QBC, PCR and the new dipstick PATH Malaria assay which detects the histidine rich protein II antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. Thick smear microscopy was used as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative values were 100%, 83.6%, 93.4% and 100% QBC respectively; 100%, 72.7%, 89.4% and 100% for PCR; 96%, 92.7%, 96.8% and 91% for the PATH assay. PATH assay failed to detect one positive sample with Plasmodium malariae. Assays were also compared with regard to the expense of equipment and reagents and speed and ease of use. The rapid PATH assay can be performed with minimal training and may be specially useful in areas where P. falciparum is the predominant malaria species, in epidemic malaria regions, and where skilled microscopy is not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gaye
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
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Abstract
Blood-engorged females of An. gambiae s.l., An. funestus, An. pharoensis and An. rufipes caught resting indoors were tested (precipitin or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to determine the source of bloodmeal. The species of the An. gambiae complex fed mainly on human hosts in all prospected areas, except in those of the mid Senegal river valley where an important zoophily was observed within and near the irrigation zone. Among 4,597 blood-engorged females of An. gambiae s.l., 29% fed on cattle with 7.5% of mixed boodmeals, mainly human-bovine or human-equine. The presence of cattle, culicid population densities and individual mosquito safety devices were the most determinant factors of animal deviation. Blood of most domestic animals was found in the stomach of collected females, but according to areas, bovines and equines were the main hosts for zoophilic females of An. gambiae s.l. Females of An. funestus collected in the middle-west were more anthropophilic than those collected in south-eastern areas. An. pharoensis was most prevalent in the Senegal river delta where it was found to be very anthropophilic. An. rufipes was strongly endophilic but exclusively zoophilic in all prospected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Konaté
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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Faye O, Konate L, Gaye O, Fontenille D, Sy N, Diop A, Diagne M, Molez JF. [Impact of the use of permethrin pre-impregnated mosquito nets on malaria transmission in a hyperendemic village of Senegal]. Med Trop (Mars) 1999; 58:355-60. [PMID: 10399692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of permethrin-treated bednets was evaluated in Wassadou, a hyperendemic village located in the Sudanese grasslands of southeast Senegal. Pretreatment data were collected between 1992 and 1993. Bednets were distributed to the whole population in June 1995 and impact of their use on vector populations and malaria transmission was evaluated until November 1995. This period corresponds to the rainy season during which malaria transmission is highest. Data were compared with a control village in which bednets were not distributed. Findings showed that use of bednets led to a sharp decrease in the density of the vector population and malaria transmission. The number of bites by Anopheles gambiae s.1. decreased 69%. The density of blood-laden and pregnant females inside dwellings decreased 91% and 96% respectively. The sporozoite index of females captured on the skin decreased 76% and the daily rate of entomological inoculation decreased 88%. This impact was not great enough to eliminate the risk of infection. Prolonged study over a period of 4 to 5 years is needed to evaluate the impact of long-term use of insecticide-treated bednets on vector population and malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.
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Faye O, Correa J, Camara B, Dieng T, Dieng Y, Gaye O, Bah IB, N'Dir O, Fall M, Diallo S. [Malaria lethality in Dakar pediatric environment: study of risk factors]. Med Trop (Mars) 1999; 58:361-4. [PMID: 10399693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine risk factors for fatal malaria in Senegalese children, a 3-year case-control study was carried out between October 1992 and November 1995 at the Albert Royer Hospital in Dakar. The case group included 52 children who died from documented malaria in the hospital. The matched control group consisted of children who responded favorably to hospital treatment. Exposure to risk was measured with regard to age, nutritional status, educational level of parents, self-medication prior to hospitalization, socioeconomic level, degree of fever, and blood parasite levels. Cases and controls were compared using statistical tests for matched groups. Age lower than 5 years, poor educational level of parents, delay of treatment more than 24 hours, nutritional status, and blood parasite levels greater than 5% were associated with a significantly higher risk of fatal outcome. Conversely, low socio-economic level, recent self-medication, and fever over 41 degrees C were not associated with higher fatality. These findings emphasize the need for more information campaigns to encourage people to seek institutionalized care when fever appears. Our results also suggest that prophylactic treatment may be advisable in children under 5 years of age and in some high risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
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Gaye O, Soumaré M, Sambou B, Faye O, Dieng Y, Diouf M, Bah IB, Dieng T, N'dir O, Diallo S. [Heterogeneity of chloroquine resistant malaria in Senegal]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1999; 92:149-52. [PMID: 10472437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of chloroquine in the treatment of P. falciparum malaria, studies have been carried out in Richard-Toll, Fatick and Tambacounda, 3 areas where dynamics of transmission, population movements, as well as prophylactic and curative practises are different. Failure rates in treatment were 13% in site 1 (Richard-Toll) where medical pressure and population movements are high. In sites 2 and 3 (Fatick and Tambacounda), the failure rate was 3%. Even if medical pressure is lower in the latter site (Tambacounda), the higher transmission could be a factor in the spreading of resistance. A surveillance system and better use of chloroquine must be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gaye
- Service de parasitologie, Faculté de médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Faye O, Gaye O, Fontenille D, Sy N, Konate L, Hebrard G, Herve JP, Trouillet J, Diallo S, Mouchet J. [Comparison of the transmission of malaria in 2 epidemiological patterns in Senegal: the Sahel border and the Sudan-type savanna]. Dakar Med 1998; 40:201-7. [PMID: 9827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
From September 1992 to October 1993 a longitudinal entomological study was carried out in two villages located in different ecological conditions of Senegal, a sahelian area and a sudan-type savanna. Mosquitoes were sampled by night-bites catches and by daytime pyrethrum spray collections. In both villages Anopheles gambiae s.l. is the main vector with An. gambiae in the savanna area of Wassadou and An. arabiensis in the sahelian area of Thiaye. Malaria transmission is mainly seasonal with a man biting rate (ma) and an entomological inoculation rate (h) higher in Wassadou than in Thiaye. In this last one (sahelian area), a high variation of An. gambiae s.l. density was observed, females disappear in the dry season. In the rainy season the main biting rate increases but no infected bite was recorded. In Wassadou (sudan-type savanna), a great difference in An. gambiae s.l. specific composition was observed with An. gambiae predominant in the rainy season and An. arabiensis generally more abundant in the dry season. The biting and inoculation rates were minimum during the dry season (ma = 4 bites/man/night; h = 0.07 infected bites/man/night-, they increase during the rainy season (ma: 52 bites/man/night; h = 1.6 infected bites/man/night). An inhabitant of this village gets annually some 63, bites and 220 infected bites of An. gambiae s.l., mainly during the six months of the rainy season and the early dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar-Sénégal
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Ndiaye M, Ndir O, Diarra K, Gaye O, Toguebaye BS, Diallo S. [Scanning electron microscope sudy of the morphology of fungi isolated from patients at the Aristide La Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal]. Dakar Med 1998; 41:1-6. [PMID: 9827085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the identification of fungi usually isolated among some patients at Dantec Hospital, a study by scanning electron microscopy has been carried out. It deals with four species of yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra Sacharomyces cerevisiae) six species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton interdigitale, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton violaceum, Microsporum audouinii); two species of mildew, (Aspergullus flavus, Aspergillus niger) and one species of dimorphic fungi (Histoplasma duboisii). The yeasts get a smooth surface with, often, a mark of but on it. Microsporum canis presents some echinulate macroconidia. Trichophyton violaceum is characterized by the appearance of echinulate chlamydoconidium with a twofold bulge and Microsporum audouinii by a echinulate chlamydoconidium with a bulge only. Trichophyton rubrum presents macroconidia with smooth surface and in "sausage" form, as for Trichophyton soudanense it presents some arthroconidia that are cells which get more or less rectangular form and with smooth surface. Aspergillus flavus is characterized by the presence of a conidiophore with a verrucosis surface and an aspergillary head of about 36 microns having some spores with almost smooth inner surface. On the other hand, Aspergillus niger gets a conidiophore with smooth surface. As for Histoplasma duboisii, the surface of the chlamydoconidium presents some verrucosis that are real conidia in formation. The scanning electron microscopy enables use to discover the existence of characters that are likely to be used for the identification of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar
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Diallo S, Ndir O, Dieng Y, Ba FD, Bah IB, Diop BM, Gaye O, Dieng T. [Prevalence of malaria in Dakar, Senegal. Comparative study of the plasmodial indices in pregnant and non-pregnant women]. Dakar Med 1998; 40:123-8. [PMID: 9827069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The comparison of the prevalence of malaria in pregnant and non pregnant women living in Dakar has interested 1819 women among whom 950 pregnant and 869 non pregnant. For all the examined women, the global plasmoidic index was 2.6% and the gametocytic index 0.1%. Plasmodium falciparum was the only observed species. According to the obtained results, pregnant women, with a plasmoidic index of 4.5% are more often parasited than the non pregnant women, only affected in a proportion of 0.5% Whatever the age, the number of previous pregnancy, the place of residence, the duration of the stay in Dakar may be, the pregnant women are always more often parasited than the non pregnant women and the registered differences are statistically significant. That situation could come from a greater receptivity of the pregnant women what is admitted by some authors. But a more important proportion of natives from rural area was observed among the pregnant women, from where a difference in the exposure to the risk of impaludation between the two groups that could explain the registered results. The global plasmoidic index of 2.6% obtained in the examined women, reflects well the present situation of the malaria endemy in Dakar, a weak hypo-endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diallo
- Service de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Dakar, Sénégal
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Faye O, Mar M, Diop M, Gaye O, Bah IB, Dieng T, Dieng Y, N'Dir O, Diallo S. [Evaluation of malaria chemoprevention among 359 pregnant women attending a health center in Dakar]. Dakar Med 1998; 42:87-90. [PMID: 9827126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors carried out an epidemiological survey from october 12 to december 4, 1995, at Medina's mother and Child care centre (MCC) in Dakar in order to assess chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women in Dakar. The midwife/pregnant women ratio is 0.08 The mentioned diagnosis criteria were relevant regards to the references established for most of the answers because since the latter base malaria diagnosis on the following signs: fever, chills, headaches and vomiting. 64.6% of them assume compliance to antimalarial chemoporphylaxis. Education level seems to be the main determining factor in this trend. Although chloroquine is the most widely used drug, nevertheless 11.9% of pregnant women assuming compliance use it at inappropriate posology. Besides, pyrimethamine is used by 12.3% of them. 34% of pregnant women do show chloroquine in urine. The plasmodial index is 1.4%. Only 8.1% of these women are supplied by health centres where shortages are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie Faculté de Médecine Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar
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Faye O, Diop A, Gaye O, Diop BM, Bah IB, Dieng T, Dieng Y, N'Dir O, Diallo S. [Evaluation of parasitic risks for the population bordering on the Mbeubeuss public waste disposal, Dakar]. Dakar Med 1998; 43:90-4. [PMID: 9827164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors carried out a parasitologic survey on 367 inhabitants of Malika, a village located in the immediate surroundings of M'Beubeuss disposal, as well as on 433 other residents of Keur Massar, a location 2 km farther, in order to assess parasitic hazards encountered by people neighbouring this disposal. As far as intestinal parasitosis are concerned, the prevalence rate was significantly higher in Malika (61.3%) than in Keur Massar (48.5%) The sex, social and economic status, level of education as well as the time of dwelling in the neighbouring area were identified as the risk factors of intestinal parasitism. Only the last one can be considered as significantly and independently related to a risk of intestinal parasitism. As for malaria, the plasmodial index in Malika was 6% versus 7.6% in Keur Massar (no significant difference). Thus, if it does exist for neighbouring people, an infestation risk by intestinal parasites related to exposure duration, contrarily, it does not exist for malaria. Appropriate steps should be taken to prevent the hazards encountered by inhabitants of surrounding villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie Faculté de Médecine Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar
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Diallo S, Bah IB, Dieng Y, Ndir O, Ba FD, Diop BM, Gaye O, Dieng T. [Prevalence of malaria in Dakar, Senegal. Results of serological survey of pregnant and non-pregnant women]. Dakar Med 1998; 42:63-7. [PMID: 9827121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of malarial seroprevalence in Dakar has interested 598 women among whom 377 pregnant and 221 non pregnant, between 15 to 45 years old and happens during the dry season, period of which malaria transmission is practically stopped in the locality. Among the tested serums by indirect immunofluorescence with Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood forms as antigen, 24.4% contained antimalarial antibodies. The serological index does'nt vary significantly according to the months during the dry season, the women age and their previous pregnancy number. On the contrary, the women who live in Dakar since less than 2 years, have e higher seropositivity rate of 33.7% than those who are there since more than 2 years, 20.0%. It is likewise for the women practicing chemoprophylaxy with chloroquine of whom 16.5% have antibodies against 26.0% among those who don't practice it. The seropositivity rate doesn't vary significantly according as the women are pregnant (24.7% of positive) or not pregnant (24.0% of positive). The weakness of the serological rate in the examined women, can be explained by the situation of Dakar in a weak malarial hypoendemic area. II shows that the major examined subjects have lost or have never had contact with Plasmodium what predispose them to make severe and complicated malarial attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diallo
- Service de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar
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Faye O, N'Dir O, Thiam B, Gaye O, Diallo S. [Strongyloidiasis: current incidence in the Dakar pediatric environment]. Dakar Med 1998; 41:21-3. [PMID: 9827088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors have conducted from November 20th 1992 to May 26th 1993 a study about the incidence of Strongyloidiasis in two pediatric units in Dakar. Direct examination followed by Lee and Baerman's concentration technic both applied to 610 stool specimen, have shown that 26.6% of children were carrying parasites. 9 cases of strongyloidiasis have been shown the incidence was 1.4%. These cases represent 5.5% and ranks at fifth position among intestinal parasitic diseases. They all come from suburbs of Dakar. Malignant forms could be easily detected among children suffering a secondary immune deficiency due to malnutrition, or corticotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie de la Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Dakar
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Faye O, Bâ M, N'Dir O, Gaye O, Ousmane F, Dieng T, Bah IB, Dieng Y, Diallo S. [Endemic parasitoses in the villages surrounding the Saloum fossil valley, Senegal]. Dakar Med 1998; 43:104-8. [PMID: 9827167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the prevalence rates of malaria, urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal parasitosis in Saloum's valley, the authors carried out a study which took place from november 16 to november 24, 1996. For malaria, the global parasites index was 22% (146/662). Malaria prevails at a hypoendemic level in N'Diobène and N'Guent-paté villages and at a medium-endemic level in Ribo-Escale and N'Dodj. The infestation index for urinary schistosomiasis was 8.9% (137/154) About intestinal parasite, among 868 persons screened, 124 showed one or several parasites, that is an infestation index of 14.3%. Appropriate steps should be taken to prevent an extension of these conditions along the fossil Saloum's valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie UCA, Dakar
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Faye O, N'Dir O, Gaye O, Dieng T, Dieng Y, Bah IB, Diallo S. [Prevalence of malaria in the Senegal river basin in 1991]. Dakar Med 1998; 42:83-6. [PMID: 9827125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the prevalence of malaria and its epidemiological characteristics, a survey was carried out in 11 villages situated in all the Basin of River Senegal (B.R.S.). 3306 (0-14 years) children are examined. The results show that malaria is hypo-endemic in the B.R.S. with a plasmodic index of 8.6% and a splenic index of 9.9%. But these malariametric indexes change according to the areas visited. Thus, malaria prevails at a hypo-endemic level in Dagana and Podor districts while at a medium if not hyperendemic level in Matam and Bakel districts. The plasmodial index also change according to age reaching a maximum within children from 10 to 14 years. As for the spleen index, it is low among children from 10-14 years. As for the spleen index, it is low among children from 0 to 4 years old, then increases among those aging from 5 to 9 years, before decreasing within children ranging from 10 to 14 years. P.falciparum is the most prevalent species, representing 96% of the cases; it is followed by P.malarioe (3%) and P.ovale (1%). If our results are compared with those obtained before by other authors, we can conclude that the recent hydro-agricultural plannings carried out in the area, have not yet provoked an increase of the cases of malaria. But, in order to avoid this risk, it is necessary to take from now some preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Faye
- Département de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar
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Gaye O, Faye O, Ndir O, Feller-Dansokho E, Faye O, Dieng Y, Lakh NC, Diallo S. [Malaria in an urban environment: the case of the city of Rufisque in Senegal]. Dakar Med 1998; 42:54-8. [PMID: 9827119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
From April to November 1994, we carried out a study in Rufisque, an urban area located in Dakar Region. During dry season, 5.32% of febrile outpatients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum with a mean parasitic density evaluated at 12,471 p/microliter. One case of cerebral malaria was noted. During raining season, malaria represented 58.75% of the fevers. Ten presented neurological signs; the mean parasitic density was high, 131,140 p/microliter. Two children died. Good efficiency of quinine was noted but chloroquine treatment failures was present: 50%. Generally malaria is less prevalent in urban areas. But in Rufisque ecological conditions are main factors which permit spreading of the disease. Prior measures of control such correct treatment of cases and good management of environment must be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gaye
- Service de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, UCAD
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Diallo S, Ndir O, Faye O, Diop BM, Dieng Y, Bah IB, Dieng T, Gaye O, Konate L, Faye O. [Malaria in the southern sanitary district of Dakar (Senegal). 1. Parasitemia and malarial attacks]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1998; 91:208-13. [PMID: 9773191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A survey of endemic malaria in Dakar was carried out in the southern sanitary district covering the city centre and neighbouring areas. The survey was scheduled from June 1994 to May 1995 in 12 sites distant from each other by 1000 to 1500 meters. Clinical and parasitological data were collected during weekly medical follow-ups at the patients' home with the systematic research of Plasmodium once a month. The study included 2,337 persons aged between 1 month and 88 years and belonging to 284 volunteer resident families. Through monthly parasitological examinations, a parasite rate (P.R.) of 0.3% and a gametocyte rate (G.R.) of 0.005% were recorded. Only Plasmodium falciparum was observed. The P.R. varied according to age: from 0.1% in the children under 2 years to 0.7% in the young adults (15-20 years) who appeared significantly more affected than the other age groups, including that of children from 2 to 9 years, of whom only 0.3% were infected by the parasite. The P.R. varied also according to the site surveyed: from 0% in the city centre to 1.3% at the periphery of the sanitary district and according to the time of year, reaching its height of 0.8%, between October and December, that is just after the rainy season. At the end of the year of survey, 929 among those surveyed were considered to have been satisfactorily followed. Their annual incidence rate was 2.4% for the parasitemia and of 1.5% for the malaria attacks. None of the participants aged under 2 years had the parasite. Among the others, the annual incidence rate varied according to the age--although not significantly--passing from 1.1% to 5.3% for parasitemia and from 0.4% to 3.0% for malaria attacks. Theses rates did not differ significantly according to site; the cases registered varied between 1% and 8% for parasitemia and 1% and 5.8% for malaria attacks. Only 10.6% of febrile subjects suffered from malaria attacks, but this rate seemed to go up between October to December, rising to 26.6% which corresponds to 1 case of malaria attacks for 4 cases of hyperthermia in that period. Weak density of Anopheline population and satisfactory medical surveillance explain the recorded results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diallo
- Service de parasitologie, Faculté de médecine, Dakar, Sénégal
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