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De Vries E, Hartimath S, Draghiciu O, Manuelli V, Van Waarde A, Dierckx R, Daemen T, Nijman H. SP-0553 Imaging of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with [18F]FB-IL2 PET. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hartimath SV, Draghiciu O, van de Wall S, Manuelli V, Dierckx RAJO, Nijman HW, Daemen T, de Vries EFJ. Noninvasive monitoring of cancer therapy induced activated T cells using [ 18F]FB-IL-2 PET imaging. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1248014. [PMID: 28197364 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1248014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy urgently calls for methods to monitor immune responses at the site of the cancer. Since activated T lymphocytes may serve as a hallmark for anticancer responses, we targeted these cells using the radiotracer N-(4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl)-interleukin-2 ([18F]FB-IL-2) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Thus, we noninvasively monitored the effects of local tumor irradiation and/or immunization on tumor-infiltrating and systemic activated lymphocytes in tumor-bearing mice. A 10- and 27-fold higher [18F]FB-IL-2 uptake was observed in tumors of mice receiving tumor irradiation alone or in combination with immunization, respectively. This increased uptake was extended to several non-target tissues. Administration of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 reduced tracer uptake by 2.8-fold, indicating a CXCR4-dependent infiltration of activated T lymphocytes upon cancer treatment. In conclusion, [18F]FB-IL-2 PET can serve as a clinical biomarker to monitor treatment-induced infiltration of activated T lymphocytes and, on that basis, may guide cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Hartimath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - O Draghiciu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S van de Wall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - V Manuelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H W Nijman
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - T Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Draghiciu O, Boerma A, Hoogeboom BN, Nijman HW, Daemen T. A rationally designed combined treatment with an alphavirus-based cancer vaccine, sunitinib and low-dose tumor irradiation completely blocks tumor development. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1029699. [PMID: 26451295 PMCID: PMC4589062 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1029699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines remains limited. For effective immunotherapeutic responses in cancer patients, multimodal approaches capable of both inducing antitumor immune responses and bypassing tumor-mediated immune escape seem essential. Here, we report on a combination therapy comprising sunitinib (40 mg/kg), single low-dose (14 Gy) tumor irradiation and immunization with a therapeutic cancer vaccine based on a Semliki Forest virus vector encoding the oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus (SFVeE6,7). We previously demonstrated that either low-dose irradiation or sunitinib in single combination with SFVeE6,7 immunizations enhanced the intratumoral ratio of antitumor effector cells to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). On the basis of these results we designed a triple treatment combinatorial regimen. The trimodal sunitinib, low-dose irradiation and SFVeE6,7 immunization therapy resulted in stronger intratumoral MDSC depletion than sunitinib alone. Concomitantly, the highest levels of intratumoral E7-specific CD8+ T cells were attained after triple treatment. Approximately 75% of these cells were positive for the early activation marker CD69. The combination of sunitinib, low-dose tumor irradiation and SFVeE6,7 immunization dramatically changed the intratumoral immune compartment. Whereas control tumors contained 0.02 E7-specific CD8+ T cells per MDSC, triple treatment tumors contained more than 200 E7-specific CD8+ T cells per MDSC, a 10,000-fold increased ratio. As a result, the triple treatment strongly enhanced the immunotherapeutic antitumor effect, blocking tumor development altogether and leading to 100% tumor-free survival of tumor-bearing mice. This study demonstrates that this multimodal approach elicits superior antitumor effects and should be considered for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Draghiciu
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boerma
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baukje Nynke Hoogeboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Gynecology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
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Draghiciu O, Lubbers J, Nijman HW, Daemen T. Myeloid derived suppressor cells-An overview of combat strategies to increase immunotherapy efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e954829. [PMID: 25949858 PMCID: PMC4368153 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to tumor-mediated immune escape and negatively correlate with overall survival of cancer patients. Nowadays, a variety of methods to target MDSCs are being investigated. Based on the intervention stage of MDSCs, namely development, expansion and activation, function and turnover, these methods can be divided into: (I) prevention or differentiation to mature cells, (II) blockade of MDSC expansion and activation, (III) inhibition of MDSC suppressive activity or (IV) depletion of intratumoral MDSCs. This review describes effective mono- or multimodal-therapies that target MDSCs for the benefit of cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- 5-Fluorouracil
- ADAM17, metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- ARG1, arginase-1
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- CCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
- CD62L, L-selectin
- CDDO-Me, bardoxolone methyl
- COX2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CXCL12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
- CXCL15, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- Flt3, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3
- FoxP3, forkhead box P3
- GITR, anti-glucocorticoid tumor necrosis factor receptor
- GM-CSF/CSF2, granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor
- GSH, glutathione
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1α
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HPV-16, human papillomavirus 16
- HSCs, hematopoietic stem cells
- ICT, 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-4′-emthoxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-flavone
- IFNγ, interferon γ
- IL-10, interleukin 10
- IL-13, interleukin 13
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 β
- IL-4, interleukin 4
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IMCs, immature myeloid cells
- JAK2, Janus kinase 2
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MMPs, metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP9)
- Myd88, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase NK cells, natural killer cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOHA, N-hydroxy-L-Arginine
- NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- ODN, oligodeoxynucleotides
- PDE-5, phosphodiesterase type 5
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCF, stem cell factor
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- WA, withaferin A
- WRE, Withaferin somnifera
- all-trans retinoic acid
- bisphosphonates
- c-kit, Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor
- gemcitabine
- iNOS2, inducible nitric oxid synthase 2
- immune suppressive mechanisms
- mRCC, metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- sunitinib therapeutic vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Draghiciu
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Lubbers
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Gynecology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, The Netherlands
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Draghiciu O, Nijman HW, Hoogeboom BN, Meijerhof T, Daemen T. Sunitinib depletes myeloid-derived suppressor cells and synergizes with a cancer vaccine to enhance antigen-specific immune responses and tumor eradication. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e989764. [PMID: 25949902 PMCID: PMC4404834 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.989764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines in preclinical studies has yet to be fully achieved in clinical trials. Tumor immune suppression is a critical factor that hampers the desired antitumor effect. Here, we analyzed the combined effect of a cancer vaccine and the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib. Sunitinib was administered intraperitoneally, alone or in combination with intramuscular immunization using a viral vector based cancer vaccine composed of Semliki Forest virus replicon particles and encoding the oncoproteins E6 and E7 (SFVeE6,7) of human papilloma virus (HPV). We first demonstrated that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with sunitinib alone dose-dependently depleted myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor, spleen and in circulation. Concomitantly, the number of CD8+ T cells increased 2-fold and, on the basis of CD69 expression, their activation status was greatly enhanced. The intrinsic immunosuppressive activity of residual MDSCs after sunitinib treatment was not changed in a dose-dependent fashion. We next combined sunitinib treatment with SFVeE6,7 immunization. This combined treatment resulted in a 1.5- and 3-fold increase of E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) present within the circulation and tumor, respectively, as compared to immunization only. The ratio of E7-specific CTLs to MDSCs in blood thereby increased 10- to 20-fold and in tumors up to 12.5-fold. As a result, the combined treatment strongly enhanced the antitumor effect of the cancer vaccine. This study demonstrates that sunitinib creates a favorable microenvironment depleted of MDSCs and acts synergistically with a cancer vaccine resulting in enhanced levels of active tumor-antigen specific CTLs, thus changing the balance in favor of antitumor immunity.
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Key Words
- ARG1, arginase-1
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- DC, dendritic cell
- Flt3, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- Semliki Forest virus
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
- cancer vaccine
- iNOS, nitric oxide synthase
- mRCC, metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- rSFV, recombinant Semliki forest virus
- sunitinib
- suppressive factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Draghiciu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Gynecology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje Nynke Hoogeboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjarko Meijerhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tumor Virology and Cancer Immunotherapy; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen, the Netherlands
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Draghiciu O, Hoogeboom BN, Meijerhof T, Nijman HW, Daemen CAHH. P59. Depleting the suppressors for the benefit of immunotherapy against cervical cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4072153 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s2-p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Draghiciu O, Walczak M, Hoogeboom BN, Franken KL, Melief KJ, Nijman HW, Daemen T. Therapeutic immunization and local low-dose tumor irradiation, a reinforcing combination. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:859-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Draghiciu
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Molecular Virology Section; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mateusz Walczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Molecular Virology Section; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Baukje Nynke Hoogeboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Molecular Virology Section; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kees L.M.C. Franken
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Kees J.M. Melief
- Department of Gynecology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Department of Gynecology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Molecular Virology Section; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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Meszaros P, Hummel I, Klappe K, Draghiciu O, Hoekstra D, Kok JW. The function of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 is not susceptible to actin disruption. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1828:340-51. [PMID: 23085402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that the activity of the multidrug transporter ABCC1 (multidrug resistance protein 1), and its localization in lipid rafts, depends on cortical actin (Hummel I, Klappe K, Ercan C, Kok JW. Mol. Pharm. 2011 79, 229-40). Here we show that the efflux activity of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), did not depend on actin, neither in ABCB1 over expressing murine National Institutes of Health (NIH) 3T3 MDR1 G185 cells nor in human SK-N-FI cells, which endogenously express ABCB1. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, upon treatment of the cells with latrunculin B or cytochalasin D, caused severe changes in cell and membrane morphology, and concomitant changes in the subcellular distribution of ABCB1, as revealed by confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy. Nevertheless, irrespective of actin perturbation, the cell surface pool of ABCB1 remained unaltered. In NIH 3T3 MDR1 G185 cells, ABCB1 is partly localized in detergent-free lipid rafts, which partitioned in two different density gradient regions, both enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Interestingly, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton did not change the density gradient distribution of ABCB1. Our data demonstrate that the functioning of ABCB1 as an efflux pump does not depend on actin, which is due to its distribution in both cell surface-localized non-raft membrane areas and lipid raft domains, which do not depend on actin stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meszaros
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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