1
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Painter MM, Johnston TS, Lundgreen KA, Santos JJS, Qin JS, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Fulmer B, Williams JC, McKeague ML, Pattekar A, Goode A, Nasta S, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Skelly AN, Felley LE, McLaughlin M, Weaver J, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Adamski S, Long S, Kee M, Clendenin C, da Silva Antunes R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Huang AC, Rader DJ, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1711-1724. [PMID: 37735592 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jefferson J S Santos
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana S Qin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bria Fulmer
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle L McKeague
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Goode
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Nasta
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Felley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macy Kee
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Biobank, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Painter MM, Johnston TS, Lundgreen KA, Santos JJS, Qin JS, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Fulmer B, Williams JC, McKeague ML, Pattekar A, Goode A, Nasta S, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Skelly AN, Felley LE, McLaughlin M, Weaver J, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Adamski S, Long S, Kee M, Clendenin C, da Silva Antunes R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Huang AC, Rader DJ, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Prior vaccination enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection with early activation of memory T cells followed by production of potent neutralizing antibodies. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.05.527215. [PMID: 36798171 PMCID: PMC9934532 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.05.527215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened Spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific CD4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production, and primary responses to non-Spike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jefferson J S Santos
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana S Qin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bria Fulmer
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle L McKeague
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Goode
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Nasta
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Skelly
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E Felley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macy Kee
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Herati RS, Knorr DA, Vella LA, Silva LV, Chilukuri L, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Muselman A, Manne S, Kuthuru O, Staupe RP, Adamski SA, Kannan S, Kurupati RK, Ertl HCJ, Wong JL, Bournazos S, McGettigan S, Schuchter LM, Kotecha RR, Funt SA, Voss MH, Motzer RJ, Lee CH, Bajorin DF, Mitchell TC, Ravetch JV, Wherry EJ. PD-1 directed immunotherapy alters Tfh and humoral immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccine. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1183-1192. [PMID: 35902637 PMCID: PMC9880663 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy reinvigorates CD8 T cell responses in patients with cancer but PD-1 is also expressed by other immune cells, including follicular helper CD4 T cells (Tfh) which are involved in germinal centre responses. Little is known, however, about the effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on noncancer immune responses in humans. To investigate this question, we examined the impact of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on the Tfh-B cell axis responding to unrelated viral antigens. Following influenza vaccination, a subset of adults receiving anti-PD-1 had more robust circulating Tfh responses than adults not receiving immunotherapy. PD-1 pathway blockade resulted in transcriptional signatures of increased cellular proliferation in circulating Tfh and responding B cells compared with controls. These latter observations suggest an underlying change in the Tfh-B cell and germinal centre axis in a subset of immunotherapy patients. Together, these results demonstrate dynamic effects of anti-PD-1 therapy on influenza vaccine responses and highlight analytical vaccination as an approach that may reveal underlying immune predisposition to adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Knorr
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luisa Victoria Silva
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Chilukuri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Muselman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P Staupe
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon A Adamski
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey L Wong
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne McGettigan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ritesh R Kotecha
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin H Voss
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dean F Bajorin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tara C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Goel RR, Painter MM, Lundgreen KA, Apostolidis SA, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Mathew D, Pattekar A, Reynaldi A, Khoury DS, Gouma S, Hicks P, Dysinger S, Hicks A, Sharma H, Herring S, Korte S, Kc W, Oldridge DA, Erickson RI, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Awofolaju M, Tanenbaum N, Dougherty J, Long S, D'Andrea K, Hamilton JT, McLaughlin M, Williams JC, Adamski S, Kuthuru O, Drapeau EM, Davenport MP, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Cell 2022; 185:1875-1887.e8. [PMID: 35523182 PMCID: PMC8989683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined antibody and memory B cell responses longitudinally for ∼9-10 months after primary 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and 3 months after a 3rd dose. Antibody decay stabilized between 6 and 9 months, and antibody quality continued to improve for at least 9 months after 2-dose vaccination. Spike- and RBD-specific memory B cells remained durable over time, and 40%-50% of RBD-specific memory B cells simultaneously bound the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Omicron-binding memory B cells were efficiently reactivated by a 3rd dose of wild-type vaccine and correlated with the corresponding increase in neutralizing antibody titers. In contrast, pre-3rd dose antibody titers inversely correlated with the fold-change of antibody boosting, suggesting that high levels of circulating antibodies may limit the added protection afforded by repeat short interval boosting. These data provide insight into the quantity and quality of mRNA-vaccine-induced immunity over time through 3 or more antigen exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Herring
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wumesh Kc
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel I Erickson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Moses Awofolaju
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole Tanenbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob T Hamilton
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justine C Williams
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Drapeau
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Apostolidis SA, Sarkar A, Giannini HM, Goel RR, Mathew D, Suzuki A, Baxter AE, Greenplate AR, Alanio C, Abdel-Hakeem M, Oldridge DA, Giles JR, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Belman J, Pattekar A, Manne S, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Weiderhold B, Weisman AR, Ittner CAG, Gouma S, Dunbar D, Frank I, Huang AC, Vella LA, Reilly JP, Hensley SE, Rauova L, Zhao L, Meyer NJ, Poncz M, Abrams CS, Wherry EJ. Signaling Through FcγRIIA and the C5a-C5aR Pathway Mediate Platelet Hyperactivation in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834988. [PMID: 35309299 PMCID: PMC8928747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Thromboembolic events constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Severe COVID-19 has been associated with hyperinflammation and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Platelets are important mediators and sensors of inflammation and are directly affected by cardiovascular stressors. In this report, we found that platelets from severely ill, hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibited higher basal levels of activation measured by P-selectin surface expression and had poor functional reserve upon in vitro stimulation. To investigate this question in more detail, we developed an assay to assess the capacity of plasma from COVID-19 patients to activate platelets from healthy donors. Platelet activation was a common feature of plasma from COVID-19 patients and correlated with key measures of clinical outcome including kidney and liver injury, and APACHEIII scores. Further, we identified ferritin as a pivotal clinical marker associated with platelet hyperactivation. The COVID-19 plasma-mediated effect on control platelets was highest for patients that subsequently developed inpatient thrombotic events. Proteomic analysis of plasma from COVID-19 patients identified key mediators of inflammation and cardiovascular disease that positively correlated with in vitro platelet activation. Mechanistically, blocking the signaling of the FcγRIIa-Syk and C5a-C5aR pathways on platelets, using antibody-mediated neutralization, IgG depletion or the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib, reversed this hyperactivity driven by COVID-19 plasma and prevented platelet aggregation in endothelial microfluidic chamber conditions. These data identified these potentially actionable pathways as central for platelet activation and/or vascular complications and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, we reveal a key role of platelet-mediated immunothrombosis in COVID-19 and identify distinct, clinically relevant, targetable signaling pathways that mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heather M. Giannini
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rishi R. Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aae Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hakeem
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Wu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Belman
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brittany Weiderhold
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ariel R. Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caroline A. G. Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Debora Dunbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander C. Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John P. Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lubica Rauova
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles S. Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Goel RR, Painter MM, Lundgreen KA, Apostolidis SA, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Mathew D, Pattekar A, Reynaldi A, Khoury DS, Gouma S, Hicks P, Dysinger S, Hicks A, Sharma H, Herring S, Korte S, KC W, Oldridge DA, Erickson RI, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Awofolaju M, Tanenbaum N, Dougherty J, Long S, D’Andrea K, Hamilton JT, McLaughlin M, Williams JC, Adamski S, Kuthuru O, Drapeau EM, Davenport MP, Hensley SE, Bates P, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.20.481163. [PMID: 35233575 PMCID: PMC8887077 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.20.481163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a clear role in protective immunity, the durability and quality of antibody and memory B cell responses induced by mRNA vaccination, particularly by a 3 rd dose of vaccine, remains unclear. Here, we examined antibody and memory B cell responses in a cohort of individuals sampled longitudinally for ∼9-10 months after the primary 2-dose mRNA vaccine series, as well as for ∼3 months after a 3 rd mRNA vaccine dose. Notably, antibody decay slowed significantly between 6- and 9-months post-primary vaccination, essentially stabilizing at the time of the 3 rd dose. Antibody quality also continued to improve for at least 9 months after primary 2-dose vaccination. Spike- and RBD-specific memory B cells were stable through 9 months post-vaccination with no evidence of decline over time, and ∼40-50% of RBD-specific memory B cells were capable of simultaneously recognizing the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Omicron-binding memory B cells induced by the first 2 doses of mRNA vaccine were boosted significantly by a 3rd dose and the magnitude of this boosting was similar to memory B cells specific for other variants. Pre-3 rd dose memory B cell frequencies correlated with the increase in neutralizing antibody titers after the 3 rd dose. In contrast, pre-3 rd dose antibody titers inversely correlated with the fold-change of antibody boosting, suggesting that high levels of circulating antibodies may limit reactivation of immunological memory and constrain further antibody boosting by mRNA vaccines. These data provide a deeper understanding of how the quantity and quality of antibody and memory B cell responses change over time and number of antigen exposures. These data also provide insight into potential immune dynamics following recall responses to additional vaccine doses or post-vaccination infections. GRAPHICAL SUMMARY
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R. Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Mark M. Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A. Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs,Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales; Sydney, Australia
| | - David S. Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales; Sydney, Australia
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Sarah Herring
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Wumesh KC
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel I. Erickson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M. McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moses Awofolaju
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Tanenbaum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T. Hamilton
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C. Williams
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Drapeau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USAs,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author:
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7
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Goel RR, Painter MM, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Lundgreen KA, Reynaldi A, Khoury DS, Pattekar A, Gouma S, Kuri-Cervantes L, Hicks P, Dysinger S, Hicks A, Sharma H, Herring S, Korte S, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Giles JR, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Awofolaju M, Tanenbaum N, Drapeau EM, Dougherty J, Long S, D’Andrea K, Hamilton JT, McLaughlin M, Williams JC, Adamski S, Kuthuru O, Frank I, Betts MR, Vella LA, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Hensley SE, Davenport MP, Bates P, Luning Prak ET, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Science 2021; 374:abm0829. [PMID: 34648302 PMCID: PMC9284784 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The durability of immune memory after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination remains unclear. In this study, we longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals for 6 months after vaccination. Antibodies declined from peak levels but remained detectable in most subjects at 6 months. By contrast, mRNA vaccines generated functional memory B cells that increased from 3 to 6 months postvaccination, with the majority of these cells cross-binding the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. mRNA vaccination further induced antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and early CD4+ T cell responses correlated with long-term humoral immunity. Recall responses to vaccination in individuals with preexisting immunity primarily increased antibody levels without substantially altering antibody decay rates. Together, these findings demonstrate robust cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R. Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark M. Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M. Rosenfeld
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A. Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S. Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Herring
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M. McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moses Awofolaju
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Tanenbaum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Drapeau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T. Hamilton
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C. Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - The UPenn COVID Processing Unit‡
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eline T. Luning Prak
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Painter MM, Mathew D, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Pattekar A, Kuthuru O, Baxter AE, Herati RS, Oldridge DA, Gouma S, Hicks P, Dysinger S, Lundgreen KA, Kuri-Cervantes L, Adamski S, Hicks A, Korte S, Giles JR, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Dougherty J, Long S, D'Andrea K, Hamilton JT, Betts MR, Bates P, Hensley SE, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Immunity 2021; 54:2133-2142.e3. [PMID: 34453880 PMCID: PMC8361141 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen-specific T cell analyses on healthy SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals prior to and following mRNA prime and boost vaccination. Vaccination induced rapid antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in naive subjects after the first dose, whereas CD8+ T cell responses developed gradually and were variable in magnitude. Vaccine-induced Th1 and Tfh cell responses following the first dose correlated with post-boost CD8+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Integrated analysis revealed coordinated immune responses with distinct trajectories in SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals. Last, whereas booster vaccination improved T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects, the second dose had little effect in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals. These findings highlight the role of rapidly primed CD4+ T cells in coordinating responses to the second vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.
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MESH Headings
- 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
- Adult
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- BNT162 Vaccine
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunologic Memory
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptides/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccination
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob T Hamilton
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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9
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Goel RR, Painter MM, Apostolidis SA, Mathew D, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Lundgreen KA, Reynaldi A, Khoury DS, Pattekar A, Gouma S, Kuri-Cervantes L, Hicks P, Dysinger S, Hicks A, Sharma H, Herring S, Korte S, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Giles JR, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Awofolaju M, Tanenbaum N, Drapeau EM, Dougherty J, Long S, D’Andrea K, Hamilton JT, McLaughlin M, Williams JC, Adamski S, Kuthuru O, Frank I, Betts MR, Vella LA, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Hensley SE, Davenport MP, Bates P, Luning Prak ET, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. mRNA Vaccination Induces Durable Immune Memory to SARS-CoV-2 with Continued Evolution to Variants of Concern. bioRxiv 2021:2021.08.23.457229. [PMID: 34462751 PMCID: PMC8404899 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.23.457229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy, especially in preventing severe illness and hospitalization. However, the emergence of several variants of concern and reports of declining antibody levels have raised uncertainty about the durability of immune memory following vaccination. In this study, we longitudinally profiled both antibody and cellular immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals from pre-vaccine baseline to 6 months post-mRNA vaccination. Antibody and neutralizing titers decayed from peak levels but remained detectable in all subjects at 6 months post-vaccination. Functional memory B cell responses, including those specific for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, were also efficiently generated by mRNA vaccination and continued to increase in frequency between 3 and 6 months post-vaccination. Notably, most memory B cells induced by mRNA vaccines were capable of cross-binding variants of concern, and B cell receptor sequencing revealed significantly more hypermutation in these RBD variant-binding clones compared to clones that exclusively bound wild-type RBD. Moreover, the percent of variant cross-binding memory B cells was higher in vaccinees than individuals who recovered from mild COVID-19. mRNA vaccination also generated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and durable memory CD4+ T cells in most individuals, with early CD4+ T cell responses correlating with humoral immunity at later timepoints. These findings demonstrate robust, multi-component humoral and cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and current variants of concern for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination. Finally, we observed that boosting of pre-existing immunity with mRNA vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals primarily increased antibody responses in the short-term without significantly altering antibody decay rates or long-term B and T cell memory. Together, this study provides insights into the generation and evolution of vaccine-induced immunity to SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern, and has implications for future booster strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R. Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Mark M. Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M. Rosenfeld
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A. Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S. Khoury
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Sarah Herring
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M. McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moses Awofolaju
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Tanenbaum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Drapeau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T. Hamilton
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maura McLaughlin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine C. Williams
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eline T. Luning Prak
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USAs
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Apostolidis SA, Sarkar A, Giannini HM, Goel RR, Mathew D, Suzuki A, Baxter AE, Greenplate AR, Alanio C, Abdel-Hakeem M, Oldridge DA, Giles J, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Pattekar A, Manne S, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Weiderhold B, Weisman AR, Ittner CAG, Gouma S, Dunbar D, Frank I, Huang AC, Vella LA, Reilly JP, Hensley SE, Rauova L, Zhao L, Meyer NJ, Poncz M, Abrams CS, Wherry EJ. Signaling through FcγRIIA and the C5a-C5aR pathway mediates platelet hyperactivation in COVID-19. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.01.442279. [PMID: 33972943 PMCID: PMC8109205 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.01.442279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Thromboembolic events constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Severe COVID-19 has been associated with hyperinflammation and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Platelets are important mediators and sensors of inflammation and are directly affected by cardiovascular stressors. In this report, we found that platelets from severely ill, hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit higher basal levels of activation measured by P-selectin surface expression, and have a poor functional reserve upon in vitro stimulation. Correlating clinical features to the ability of plasma from COVID-19 patients to stimulate control platelets identified ferritin as a pivotal clinical marker associated with platelet hyperactivation. The COVID-19 plasma-mediated effect on control platelets was highest for patients that subsequently developed inpatient thrombotic events. Proteomic analysis of plasma from COVID-19 patients identified key mediators of inflammation and cardiovascular disease that positively correlated with in vitro platelet activation. Mechanistically, blocking the signaling of the FcγRIIa-Syk and C5a-C5aR pathways on platelets, using antibody-mediated neutralization, IgG depletion or the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib, reversed this hyperactivity driven by COVID-19 plasma and prevented platelet aggregation in endothelial microfluidic chamber conditions, thus identifying these potentially actionable pathways as central for platelet activation and/or vascular complications in COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, we reveal a key role of platelet-mediated immunothrombosis in COVID-19 and identify distinct, clinically relevant, targetable signaling pathways that mediate this effect. These studies have implications for the role of platelet hyperactivation in complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVER ILLUSTRATION ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY The FcγRIIA and C5a-C5aR pathways mediate platelet hyperactivation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather M. Giannini
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R. Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aae Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hakeem
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brittany Weiderhold
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariel R. Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caroline A. G. Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debora Dunbar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C. Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John P. Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lubica Rauova
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles S. Abrams
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Painter MM, Mathew D, Pattekar A, Kuthuru O, Gouma S, Hicks P, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Dysinger S, Lundgreen KA, Kuri-Cervantes L, Adamski S, Hicks A, Korte S, Oldridge DA, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Dougherty J, Long S, D'Andrea K, Hamilton JT, Betts MR, Luning Prak ET, Bates P, Hensley SE, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals following mRNA vaccination. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi6950. [PMID: 33858945 PMCID: PMC8158969 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Despite their efficacy in clinical trials, data on mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses are mostly limited to serological analyses. Here, we interrogated antibody and antigen-specific memory B cells over time in 33 SARS-CoV-2 naïve and 11 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects. SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals required both vaccine doses for optimal increases in antibodies, particularly for neutralizing titers against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for full-length spike protein and the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) were also efficiently primed by mRNA vaccination and detectable in all SARS-CoV-2 naive subjects after the second vaccine dose, though the memory B cell response declined slightly with age. In SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals, antibody and memory B cell responses were significantly boosted after the first vaccine dose; however, there was no increase in circulating antibodies, neutralizing titers, or antigen-specific memory B cells after the second dose. This robust boosting after the first vaccine dose strongly correlated with levels of pre-existing memory B cells in recovered individuals, identifying a key role for memory B cells in mounting recall responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Together, our data demonstrated robust serological and cellular priming by mRNA vaccines and revealed distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, whereby COVID-19 recovered subjects may only require a single vaccine dose to achieve peak antibody and memory B cell responses. These findings also highlight the utility of defining cellular responses in addition to serologies and may inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine distribution in a resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T Hamilton
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Anderson EM, Goodwin EC, Verma A, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Weirick ME, Gouma S, McAllister CM, Christensen SR, Weaver J, Hicks P, Manzoni TB, Oniyide O, Ramage H, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Greenplate AR, Wu JE, Alanio C, D'Andrea K, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Pattekar A, Kim J, Han N, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Vella LA, Kuri-Cervantes L, Pampena MB, Betts MR, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, Cherry S, Bates P, Rader DJ, Hensley SE. Seasonal human coronavirus antibodies are boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection but not associated with protection. Cell 2021; 184:1858-1864.e10. [PMID: 33631096 PMCID: PMC7871851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread within the human population. Although SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, most humans had been previously exposed to other antigenically distinct common seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs) before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we quantified levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies and hCoV-reactive antibodies in serum samples collected from 431 humans before the COVID-19 pandemic. We then quantified pre-pandemic antibody levels in serum from a separate cohort of 251 individuals who became PCR-confirmed infected with SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we longitudinally measured hCoV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our studies indicate that most individuals possessed hCoV-reactive antibodies before the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined that ∼20% of these individuals possessed non-neutralizing antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. These antibodies were not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections or hospitalizations, but they were boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shannon R Christensen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tomaz B Manzoni
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oluwatosin Oniyide
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Translational Lung Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Holly Ramage
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Translational Lung Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Vella LA, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Diorio C, Kuri-Cervantes L, Alanio C, Pampena MB, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Anderson EM, Gouma S, McNerney KO, Chase J, Burudpakdee C, Lee JH, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Mathew D, Kuthuru O, Goodwin EC, Weirick ME, Bolton MJ, Arevalo CP, Ramos A, Jasen CJ, Conrey PE, Sayed S, Giannini HM, D'Andrea K, Meyer NJ, Behrens EM, Bassiri H, Hensley SE, Henrickson SE, Teachey DT, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Deep immune profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared to adult and pediatric COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabf7570. [PMID: 33653907 PMCID: PMC8128303 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with fewer hospitalizations and often milder disease than in adults. A subset of children, however, present with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) that can lead to vascular complications and shock, but rarely death. The immune features of MIS-C compared to pediatric COVID-19 or adult disease remain poorly understood. We analyzed peripheral blood immune responses in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients (pediatric COVID-19) and patients with MIS-C. MIS-C patients had patterns of T cell-biased lymphopenia and T cell activation similar to severely ill adults, and all patients with MIS-C had SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies at admission. A distinct feature of MIS-C patients was robust activation of vascular patrolling CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells that correlated with the use of vasoactive medication. Finally, whereas pediatric COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had sustained immune activation, MIS-C patients displayed clinical improvement over time, concomitant with decreasing immune activation. Thus, non-MIS-C versus MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 associated illnesses are characterized by divergent immune signatures that are temporally distinct from one another and implicate CD8+ T cells in the clinical presentation and trajectory of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin O McNerney
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julie Chase
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chakkapong Burudpakdee
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jessica H Lee
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andre Ramos
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C J Jasen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - Peyton E Conrey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - Samir Sayed
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - Heather M Giannini
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hamid Bassiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E Henrickson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - David T Teachey
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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14
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Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Painter MM, Mathew D, Pattekar A, Kuthuru O, Gouma S, Kuri-Cervantes L, Meng W, Adamski S, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Hicks A, Korte S, Dougherty J, Long S, D’Andrea K, Hamilton JT, Prak ETL, Betts MR, Bates P, Hensley SE, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Distinct Antibody and Memory B Cell Responses in SARS-CoV2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Following mRNA Vaccination. medRxiv 2021:2021.03.03.21252872. [PMID: 33688691 PMCID: PMC7941668 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.03.21252872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 have been authorized for emergency use and are currently being administered to millions of individuals worldwide. Despite their efficacy in clinical trials, there is limited data on vaccine-induced immune responses in individuals with a prior SARS-CoV2 infection compared to SARS-CoV2 naïve subjects. Moreover, how mRNA vaccines impact the development of antibodies as well as memory B cells in COVID-19 experienced versus COVID-19 naïve subjects remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated antibody responses and antigen-specific memory B cell responses over time in 33 SARS-CoV2 naïve and 11 SARS-CoV2 recovered subjects. mRNA vaccination induced significant antibody and memory B cell responses against full-length SARS-CoV2 spike protein and the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). SARS-CoV2 naïve individuals benefitted from both doses of mRNA vaccine with additional increases in antibodies and memory B cells following booster immunization. In contrast, SARS-CoV2 recovered individuals had a significant immune response after the first dose with no increase in circulating antibodies or antigen-specific memory B cells after the second dose. Moreover, the magnitude of the memory B cell response induced by vaccination was lower in older individuals, revealing an age-dependence to mRNA vaccine-induced B cell memory. Side effects also tended to associate with post-boost antibody levels, but not with post-boost memory B cells, suggesting that side effect severity may be a surrogate of short-term antibody responses. The frequency of pre-vaccine antigen-specific memory B cells in SARS-CoV2 recovered individuals strongly correlated with post-vaccine antibody levels, supporting a key role for memory B cells in humoral recall responses to SARS-CoV2. This observation may have relevance for future booster vaccines and for responses to viral variants that partially escape pre-existing antibodies and require new humoral responses to be generated from memory B cells. Finally, post-boost antibody levels were not correlated with post-boost memory responses in SARS-CoV2 naïve individuals, indicating that short-term antibody levels and memory B cells are complementary immunological endpoints that should be examined in tandem when evaluating vaccine response. Together, our data provide evidence of both serological response and immunological memory following mRNA vaccination that is distinct based on prior SARS-CoV2 exposure. These findings may inform vaccine distribution in a resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R. Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark M. Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M. McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T. Hamilton
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Anderson EM, Goodwin EC, Verma A, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Weirick ME, Gouma S, McAllister CM, Christensen SR, Weaver J, Hicks P, Manzoni TB, Oniyide O, Ramage H, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Greenplate AR, Wu JE, Alanio C, D’Andrea K, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Pattekar A, Kim J, Han N, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Vella LA, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, Cherry S, Bates P, Rader DJ, Hensley SE. Seasonal human coronavirus antibodies are boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection but not associated with protection. medRxiv 2020:2020.11.06.20227215. [PMID: 33200143 PMCID: PMC7668756 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.06.20227215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread within the human population. Although SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, most humans had been previously exposed to other antigenically distinct common seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs) before the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we quantified levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies and hCoV-reactive antibodies in serum samples collected from 204 humans before the COVID-19 pandemic. We then quantified pre-pandemic antibody levels in serum from a separate cohort of 252 individuals who became PCR-confirmed infected with SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we longitudinally measured hCoV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our studies indicate that most individuals possessed hCoV-reactive antibodies before the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined that ~23% of these individuals possessed non-neutralizing antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. These antibodies were not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections or hospitalizations, but paradoxically these hCoV cross-reactive antibodies were boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work: Elizabeth M. Anderson, Eileen C. Goodwin, and Anurag Verma
| | - Eileen C. Goodwin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work: Elizabeth M. Anderson, Eileen C. Goodwin, and Anurag Verma
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work: Elizabeth M. Anderson, Eileen C. Goodwin, and Anurag Verma
| | - Claudia P. Arevalo
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcus J. Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M. McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon R. Christensen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Hicks
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tomaz B. Manzoni
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oluwatosin Oniyide
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Translational Lung Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Holly Ramage
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A. Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex C. Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - The UPenn COVID Processing Unit
- The UPenn COVID Processing Unit is a composed of individuals at the University of Pennsylvania who volunteered time and effort to enable the study of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. Members are listed in the acknowledgement section of this paper
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Translational Lung Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Research on Coronavirus and Other Emerging Pathogens, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Vella L, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Diorio C, Kuri-Cervantes L, Alanio C, Pampena MB, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Anderson EM, Gouma S, McNerney KO, Chase J, Burudpakdee C, Lee JH, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Mathew D, Kuthuru O, Goodwin EC, Weirick ME, Bolton MJ, Arevalo CP, Ramos A, Jasen C, Giannini HM, DAndrea K, Meyer NJ, Behrens EM, Bassiri H, Hensley SE, Henrickson SE, Teachey DT, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Deep Immune Profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared to adult and pediatric COVID-19. medRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32995826 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with fewer hospitalizations and often milder disease than in adults. A subset of children, however, present with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) that can lead to vascular complications and shock, but rarely death. The immune features of MIS-C compared to pediatric COVID-19 or adult disease remain poorly understood. We analyzed peripheral blood immune responses in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients (pediatric COVID-19) and patients with MIS-C. MIS-C patients had patterns of T cell-biased lymphopenia and T cell activation similar to severely ill adults, and all patients with MIS-C had SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies at admission. A distinct feature of MIS-C patients was robust activation of vascular patrolling CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells that correlated with use of vasoactive medication. Finally, whereas pediatric COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had sustained immune activation, MIS-C patients displayed clinical improvement over time, concomitant with decreasing immune activation. Thus, non-MIS-C versus MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 associated illnesses are characterized by divergent immune signatures that are temporally distinct and implicate CD8 T cells in clinical presentation and trajectory of MIS-C.
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17
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Mathew D, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Greenplate AR, Wu JE, Alanio C, Kuri-Cervantes L, Pampena MB, D'Andrea K, Manne S, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Reilly JP, Weisman AR, Ittner CAG, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Nzingha K, Han N, Kim J, Pattekar A, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Weirick ME, Gouma S, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Chen F, Lacey SF, Ramage H, Cherry S, Hensley SE, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Vella LA, Betts MR, Meyer NJ, Wherry EJ. Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications. Science 2020; 369:eabc8511. [PMID: 32669297 PMCID: PMC7402624 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc8511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1060] [Impact Index Per Article: 265.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic, but human immune responses to the virus remain poorly understood. We used high-dimensional cytometry to analyze 125 COVID-19 patients and compare them with recovered and healthy individuals. Integrated analysis of ~200 immune and ~50 clinical features revealed activation of T cell and B cell subsets in a proportion of patients. A subgroup of patients had T cell activation characteristic of acute viral infection and plasmablast responses reaching >30% of circulating B cells. However, another subgroup had lymphocyte activation comparable with that in uninfected individuals. Stable versus dynamic immunological signatures were identified and linked to trajectories of disease severity change. Our analyses identified three immunotypes associated with poor clinical trajectories versus improving health. These immunotypes may have implications for the design of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariel R Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caroline A G Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly Ramage
- Department of Microbiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Flannery DD, Gouma S, Dhudasia MB, Mukhopadhyay S, Pfeifer MR, Woodford EC, Gerber JS, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Weirick ME, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Greenplate AR, Kim J, Han N, Pattekar A, Dougherty J, Kuthuru O, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Vella LA, Weaver J, Verma A, Leite R, Morris JS, Rader DJ, Elovitz MA, Wherry EJ, Puopolo KM, Hensley SE. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among parturient women in Philadelphia. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eabd5709. [PMID: 32727884 PMCID: PMC7594018 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important for determining SARS-CoV-2 exposures within both individuals and populations. We validated a SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain serological test using 834 pre-pandemic samples and 31 samples from COVID-19 recovered donors. We then completed SARS-CoV-2 serological testing of 1,293 parturient women at two centers in Philadelphia from April 4 to June 3, 2020. We found 80/1,293 (6.2%) of parturient women possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We found race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates, with higher rates in Black/non-Hispanic and Hispanic/Latino women. Of the 72 seropositive women who also received nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing during pregnancy, 46 (64%) were positive. Continued serologic surveillance among pregnant women may inform perinatal clinical practices and can potentially be used to estimate exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the community.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Black or African American/statistics & numerical data
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Testing
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data
- Cohort Studies
- Coronavirus Infections/blood
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Health Status Disparities
- Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Pandemics
- Philadelphia/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/blood
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Protein Domains/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D Flannery
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Miren B Dhudasia
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sagori Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madeline R Pfeifer
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily C Woodford
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey S Gerber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rita Leite
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen M Puopolo
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Kuri-Cervantes L, Pampena MB, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Ittner CAG, Weisman AR, Agyekum RS, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Vella LA, Kuthuru O, Apostolidis SA, Bershaw L, Dougherty J, Greenplate AR, Pattekar A, Kim J, Han N, Gouma S, Weirick ME, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Hensley SE, Jones TK, Mangalmurti NS, Luning Prak ET, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, Betts MR. Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eabd7114. [PMID: 32669287 PMCID: PMC7402634 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although critical illness has been associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed peripheral blood immune perturbations in 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered individuals. We identified extensive induction and activation of multiple immune lineages, including T cell activation, oligoclonal plasmablast expansion, and Fc and trafficking receptor modulation on innate lymphocytes and granulocytes, that distinguished severe COVID-19 cases from healthy donors or SARS-CoV-2-recovered or moderate severity patients. We found the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to be a prognostic biomarker of disease severity and organ failure. Our findings demonstrate broad innate and adaptive leukocyte perturbations that distinguish dysregulated host responses in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and warrant therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Caroline A G Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ariel R Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roseline S Agyekum
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Luanne Bershaw
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nilam S Mangalmurti
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Flannery DD, Gouma S, Dhudasia MB, Mukhopadhyay S, Pfeifer MR, Woodford EC, Gerber JS, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Weirick ME, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Greenplate AR, Kim J, Han N, Pattekar A, Dougherty J, Kuthuru O, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Vella LA, Weaver J, Verma A, Leite R, Morris JS, Rader DJ, Elovitz MA, Wherry EJ, Puopolo KM, Hensley SE. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Parturient Women. medRxiv 2020:2020.07.08.20149179. [PMID: 32676623 PMCID: PMC7359548 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20149179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important to determine exposure and immunity to SARS-CoV-2 within both individuals and populations. We completed SARS-CoV-2 serological testing of 1,293 parturient women at two centers in Philadelphia from April 4 to June 3, 2020. We tested 834 pre-pandemic samples collected in 2019 and 15 samples from COVID-19 recovered donors to validate our assay, which has a ~1% false positive rate. We found 80/1,293 (6.2%) of parturient women possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We found race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates, with higher rates in Black/non-Hispanic and Hispanic/Latino women. Of the 72 seropositive women who also received nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing during pregnancy, 46 (64%) were positive. Continued serologic surveillance among pregnant women may inform perinatal clinical practices and can potentially be used to estimate seroprevalence within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Flannery
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Miren B. Dhudasia
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sagori Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madeline R. Pfeifer
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily C. Woodford
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey S. Gerber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claudia P. Arevalo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marcus J. Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eileen C. Goodwin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth M. Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rita Leite
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey S. Morris
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michal A. Elovitz
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen M. Puopolo
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Mathew D, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Greenplate AR, Wu JE, Alanio C, Oldridge DA, Kuri-Cervantes L, Pampena MB, D’Andrea K, Manne S, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Reilly JP, Weisman AR, Ittner CA, Kuthuru O, Dougherty J, Nzingha K, Han N, Kim J, Pattekar A, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Weirick ME, Gouma S, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Chen F, Lacey SF, Hensley SE, Apostolidis S, Huang AC, Vella LA, Betts MR, Meyer NJ, Wherry EJ. Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals patient heterogeneity and distinct immunotypes with implications for therapeutic interventions. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.20.106401. [PMID: 32511371 PMCID: PMC7263500 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. Immune dysregulation has been implicated, but immune responses remain poorly understood. We analyzed 71 COVID-19 patients compared to recovered and healthy subjects using high dimensional cytometry. Integrated analysis of ~200 immune and >30 clinical features revealed activation of T cell and B cell subsets, but only in some patients. A subgroup of patients had T cell activation characteristic of acute viral infection and plasmablast responses could reach >30% of circulating B cells. However, another subgroup had lymphocyte activation comparable to uninfected subjects. Stable versus dynamic immunological signatures were identified and linked to trajectories of disease severity change. These analyses identified three "immunotypes" associated with poor clinical trajectories versus improving health. These immunotypes may have implications for therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Josephine R. Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Amy E. Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Allison R. Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer E. Wu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Derek A. Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - M. Betina Pampena
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - John P. Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Ariel R, Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Caroline A.G. Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Eileen C. Goodwin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth M. Anderson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Madison E. Weirick
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Claudia P. Arevalo
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Marcus J. Bolton
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Simon F. Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Scott E. Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Sokratis Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Alexander C. Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Laura A. Vella
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | - Michael R. Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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Kuri-Cervantes L, Pampena MB, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Ittner CAG, Weisman AR, Agyekum R, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Vella L, Kuthuru O, Apostolidis S, Bershaw L, Dougherty J, Greenplate AR, Pattekar A, Kim J, Han N, Gouma S, Weirick ME, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Hensley SE, Jones TK, Mangalmurti NS, Luning Prak ET, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, Betts MR. Immunologic perturbations in severe COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.18.101717. [PMID: 32511394 PMCID: PMC7263541 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although critical illness has been associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed peripheral blood immune perturbations in 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered individuals. We identified broad changes in neutrophils, NK cells, and monocytes during severe COVID-19, suggesting excessive mobilization of innate lineages. We found marked activation within T and B cells, highly oligoclonal B cell populations, profound plasmablast expansion, and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in many, but not all, severe COVID-19 cases. Despite this heterogeneity, we found selective clustering of severe COVID-19 cases through unbiased analysis of the aggregated immunological phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate broad immune perturbations spanning both innate and adaptive leukocytes that distinguish dysregulated host responses in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and warrant therapeutic investigation. One Sentence Summary Broad immune perturbations in severe COVID-19.
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