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Domizio P, House JF, Joseph CML, Bisson LF, Bamforth CW. L
achancea thermotolerans
as an alternative yeast for the production of beer. J Inst Brew 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Domizio
- Department of Viticulture and Enology; University of California; Davis CA 95616-8598 USA
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Via Donizetti, 6 50144 Firenze Italy
| | - J. F. House
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA 95616-8598 USA
| | - C. M. L. Joseph
- Department of Viticulture and Enology; University of California; Davis CA 95616-8598 USA
| | - L. F. Bisson
- Department of Viticulture and Enology; University of California; Davis CA 95616-8598 USA
| | - C. W. Bamforth
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA 95616-8598 USA
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Domizio P, Liu Y, Bisson LF, Barile D. Cell wall polysaccharides released during the alcoholic fermentation by Schizosaccharomyces pombe and S. japonicus: quantification and characterization. Food Microbiol 2016; 61:136-149. [PMID: 27697163 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates that yeasts belonging to the Schizosaccharomyces genus release a high quantity of polysaccharides of cell wall origin starting from the onset of the alcoholic fermentation. By the end of the alcoholic fermentation, all of the Schizosaccharomyces yeast strains released a quantity of polysaccharides approximately 3-7 times higher than that released by a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain under the same fermentative conditions of synthetic juice. A higher content of polysaccharide was found in media fermented by Schizosaccharomyces japonicus with respect to that of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Some of the strains evaluated were also able to produce high levels of pyruvic acid, which has been shown to be an important compound for color stability of wine. The presence of strains with different malic acid consumption patterns along with high polysaccharide release would enable production of naturally modified wines with enhanced mouth feel and reduced acidity. The chemical analysis of the released polysaccharides demonstrated divergence between the two yeast species S. pombe and S. japonicus. A different mannose/galactose ratio and a different percentage of proteins was observed on the polysaccharides released by S. pombe as compared to S. japonicus. Analysis of the proteins released in the media revealed the presence of a glycoprotein with a molecular size around 32-33 kDa only for the species S. japonicus. Mass spectrometry analysis of carbohydrate moieties showed similar proportions among the N-glycan chains released in the media by both yeast species but differences between the two species were also observed. These observations suggest a possible role of rapid MALDI-TOF screening of N-glycans compositional fingerprint as a taxonomic tool for this genus. Polysaccharides release in the media, in particular galactomannoproteins in significant amounts, could make these yeasts particularly interesting also for the industrial production of exogenous polysaccharide preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agrari, Alimentari e Forestali (GESAAF), Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Foods Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L F Bisson
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D Barile
- Department of Foods Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Macdonald TT, Domizio P. Autistic enterocolitis: is it a histopathological entity? Histopathology 2007; 51:552-3. [PMID: 17880534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To review the literature on the histopathological diagnosis of the condition termed 'autistic enterocolitis'. METHODS AND RESULTS We have reviewed all published works where mucosal biopsy specimens from autistic children have been examined histopathologically. Abstracts were excluded. Our review of the published works, nearly all from a single centre, identifies major inconsistencies between studies, lack of appropriate controls and misinterpretation of normal findings as pathology. Ileal lymphoid hyperplasia may be more prevalent in children with regressive autism but is also seen in children with food allergies and severe constipation, the latter being an extremely common finding in autistic children. CONCLUSION The histopathological diagnosis of autistic enterocolitis should be treated with caution until a proper study with appropriate methodology and controls is undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T MacDonald
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science and Health Sciences Education, Bart's and the London Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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Domizio P, Lencioni L, Ciani M, Di Blasi S, Pontremolesi C, Sabatelli MP. Spontaneous and inoculated yeast populations dynamics and their effect on organoleptic characters of Vinsanto wine under different process conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 115:281-9. [PMID: 17307268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of the microbial composition during the production of Vinsanto wine was investigated under different fermentation conditions to determine their impact on the yeast population and the wine sensorial characteristics. Fermentations were carried out according to the traditional process in 50-l barrels. Different fermentation conditions were applied (yeast inoculum, "mother sediment" addition and temperature) to standardise the Vinsanto production process. Fermentations and products were monitored over the aging period by chemical, microbial and sensory evaluation. The low temperature at the beginning of the fermentations under traditional cellar conditions results in prolonged survival of the non-Saccharomyces yeast. In contrast, Saccharomyces yeast populations dominated throughout the fermentation when the temperature of the cellar was maintained at a constant 16-18 degrees C. Results indicate that inoculation with a commercial yeast strain and fermentation temperature strongly influence the evolution of Vinsanto wine. The "mother sediment" seems to have no direct role as a microbiological starter in Vinsanto production but, despite this, it does have a strong influence on the sensory attributes of the Vinsanto wine. Our work highlights the importance of managing the fermenting microflora to improve the sensorial characteristics of Vinsanto wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Donizetti 6, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
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Rose M, Domizio P. Surgical and medical treatment in art. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2006. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.088849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Barton SGRG, Rampton DS, Winrow VR, Domizio P, Feakins RM. Expression of heat shock protein 32 (hemoxygenase-1) in the normal and inflamed human stomach and colon: an immunohistochemical study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2004. [PMID: 15115285 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)008<0329:eohsph>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32, hemoxygenase-1) is induced by reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and degrades heme leading to the formation of antioxidant bilirubin. Increased mucosal generation of ROM occurs in gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to assess mucosal expression of Hsp32 in normal stomach and colon and to test the hypothesis that disease-related differential expression occurs in inflamed tissue. Gastric body and antral mucosal biopsies were obtained from 33 patients comprising Helicobacter pylori-negative normal controls (n = 8), H pylori-negative gastritis patients (n = 11), and H pylori-positive gastritis patients (n = 14). Forty-seven archival colonic mucosal biopsies selected comprised normal histology (n = 10), active ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 9), inactive UC (n = 8), active Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 8), inactive CD (n = 6), and other colitides (n = 6). Hsp32 expression in formalin-fixed sections was assessed by avidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit anti-Hsp32 as the primary antibody. Immunohistochemical staining identified Hsp32 in all groups. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining was seen in gastric and colonic epithelial and lamina proprial inflammatory cells. Staining scores for Hsp32 were higher in antral H pylori-positive (P = 0.002) and H pylori-negative (P = 0.02) gastritis than in controls and in body H pylori-positive gastritis than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). Expression of Hsp32 was increased in active UC compared with inactive disease (P = 0.03) and normal controls (P = 0.02). In conclusion, Hsp32 is expressed constitutively in normal gastric and colonic mucosa, and differential expression occurs in these tissues when they are inflamed. Upregulation of Hsp32 may be an adaptive response to protect mucosa from oxidative injury in patients with gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G R G Barton
- Department of Adult and Paediatric Gastroenterology, Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
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Barton SGRG, Rampton DS, Winrow VR, Domizio P, Feakins RM. Expression of heat shock protein 32 (hemoxygenase-1) in the normal and inflamed human stomach and colon: an immunohistochemical study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2004; 8:329-34. [PMID: 15115285 PMCID: PMC514904 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)008<0329:eohsph>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32, hemoxygenase-1) is induced by reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and degrades heme leading to the formation of antioxidant bilirubin. Increased mucosal generation of ROM occurs in gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to assess mucosal expression of Hsp32 in normal stomach and colon and to test the hypothesis that disease-related differential expression occurs in inflamed tissue. Gastric body and antral mucosal biopsies were obtained from 33 patients comprising Helicobacter pylori-negative normal controls (n = 8), H pylori-negative gastritis patients (n = 11), and H pylori-positive gastritis patients (n = 14). Forty-seven archival colonic mucosal biopsies selected comprised normal histology (n = 10), active ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 9), inactive UC (n = 8), active Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 8), inactive CD (n = 6), and other colitides (n = 6). Hsp32 expression in formalin-fixed sections was assessed by avidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit anti-Hsp32 as the primary antibody. Immunohistochemical staining identified Hsp32 in all groups. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining was seen in gastric and colonic epithelial and lamina proprial inflammatory cells. Staining scores for Hsp32 were higher in antral H pylori-positive (P = 0.002) and H pylori-negative (P = 0.02) gastritis than in controls and in body H pylori-positive gastritis than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). Expression of Hsp32 was increased in active UC compared with inactive disease (P = 0.03) and normal controls (P = 0.02). In conclusion, Hsp32 is expressed constitutively in normal gastric and colonic mucosa, and differential expression occurs in these tissues when they are inflamed. Upregulation of Hsp32 may be an adaptive response to protect mucosa from oxidative injury in patients with gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G R G Barton
- Department of Adult and Paediatric Gastroenterology, Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
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Barton SGRG, Rampton DS, Winrow VR, Domizio P, Feakins RM. Expression of heat shock protein 32 (hemoxygenase-1) in the normal and inflamed human stomach and colon: an immunohistochemical study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2004. [PMID: 15115285 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)008<0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32, hemoxygenase-1) is induced by reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and degrades heme leading to the formation of antioxidant bilirubin. Increased mucosal generation of ROM occurs in gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to assess mucosal expression of Hsp32 in normal stomach and colon and to test the hypothesis that disease-related differential expression occurs in inflamed tissue. Gastric body and antral mucosal biopsies were obtained from 33 patients comprising Helicobacter pylori-negative normal controls (n = 8), H pylori-negative gastritis patients (n = 11), and H pylori-positive gastritis patients (n = 14). Forty-seven archival colonic mucosal biopsies selected comprised normal histology (n = 10), active ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 9), inactive UC (n = 8), active Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 8), inactive CD (n = 6), and other colitides (n = 6). Hsp32 expression in formalin-fixed sections was assessed by avidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit anti-Hsp32 as the primary antibody. Immunohistochemical staining identified Hsp32 in all groups. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining was seen in gastric and colonic epithelial and lamina proprial inflammatory cells. Staining scores for Hsp32 were higher in antral H pylori-positive (P = 0.002) and H pylori-negative (P = 0.02) gastritis than in controls and in body H pylori-positive gastritis than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). Expression of Hsp32 was increased in active UC compared with inactive disease (P = 0.03) and normal controls (P = 0.02). In conclusion, Hsp32 is expressed constitutively in normal gastric and colonic mucosa, and differential expression occurs in these tissues when they are inflamed. Upregulation of Hsp32 may be an adaptive response to protect mucosa from oxidative injury in patients with gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G R G Barton
- Department of Adult and Paediatric Gastroenterology, Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
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Barton SGRG, Rampton DS, Winrow VR, Domizio P, Feakins RM. Expression of heat shock protein 32 (hemoxygenase-1) in the normal and inflamed human stomach and colon: an immunohistochemical study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2004. [PMID: 15115285 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)008<0329: eohsph>2.0.co; 2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32, hemoxygenase-1) is induced by reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and degrades heme leading to the formation of antioxidant bilirubin. Increased mucosal generation of ROM occurs in gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to assess mucosal expression of Hsp32 in normal stomach and colon and to test the hypothesis that disease-related differential expression occurs in inflamed tissue. Gastric body and antral mucosal biopsies were obtained from 33 patients comprising Helicobacter pylori-negative normal controls (n = 8), H pylori-negative gastritis patients (n = 11), and H pylori-positive gastritis patients (n = 14). Forty-seven archival colonic mucosal biopsies selected comprised normal histology (n = 10), active ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 9), inactive UC (n = 8), active Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 8), inactive CD (n = 6), and other colitides (n = 6). Hsp32 expression in formalin-fixed sections was assessed by avidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit anti-Hsp32 as the primary antibody. Immunohistochemical staining identified Hsp32 in all groups. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining was seen in gastric and colonic epithelial and lamina proprial inflammatory cells. Staining scores for Hsp32 were higher in antral H pylori-positive (P = 0.002) and H pylori-negative (P = 0.02) gastritis than in controls and in body H pylori-positive gastritis than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). Expression of Hsp32 was increased in active UC compared with inactive disease (P = 0.03) and normal controls (P = 0.02). In conclusion, Hsp32 is expressed constitutively in normal gastric and colonic mucosa, and differential expression occurs in these tissues when they are inflamed. Upregulation of Hsp32 may be an adaptive response to protect mucosa from oxidative injury in patients with gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G R G Barton
- Department of Adult and Paediatric Gastroenterology, Barts and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
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Kelly P, Feakins R, Domizio P, Murphy J, Bevins C, Wilson J, McPhail G, Poulsom R, Dhaliwal W. Paneth cell granule depletion in the human small intestine under infective and nutritional stress. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 135:303-9. [PMID: 14738460 PMCID: PMC1808949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are important contributors to the intestinal antimicrobial barrier through synthesis and release of antimicrobial peptides and proteins. Animal studies indicate that Paneth cell numbers, location and granule morphology are altered by infection and zinc status. We examined human tissue to determine whether Paneth cell numbers, distribution or granule morphology are altered in infective, inflammatory and nutritional disorders. Archival sections from infective disorders (giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, HIV, helminth infection) were compared with active inflammatory conditions (coeliac, Crohn's and graft-versus-host diseases) and histologically normal tissues. A subset of tissues was studied by electron microscopy and TUNEL staining for apoptosis. Human defensin-5 (HD5) peptide and mRNA was analysed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Sections from a tropical population cohort study were then analysed to determine the relationship of granule depletion to infection, nutritional status and plasma zinc concentration. In HIV-related cryptosporidiosis, but not other disorders, Paneth cells were reduced in number and markedly depleted of granules. Paneth cell granule depletion was associated with reduced HD5 immunoreactivity, but this was not due to apoptosis and there was no reduction in mRNA transcripts. In the tropical population studied, depletion of granules was associated with reduced body mass index, reduced plasma zinc levels and HIV infection. Paneth cell granules in human small intestine may be depleted in response to infective and nutritional stress. We postulate that this is one mechanism through which zinc status influences host susceptibility to intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kelly
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Bart's and The London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Lillington DM, Goff LK, Kingston JE, Onadim Z, Price E, Domizio P, Young BD. High level amplification of N-MYC is not associated with adverse histology or outcome in primary retinoblastoma tumours. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:779-82. [PMID: 12232763 PMCID: PMC2364265 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2002] [Revised: 05/28/2002] [Accepted: 06/25/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five primary retinoblastoma tumours were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the genomic copy number of the N-MYC gene (2p24) relative to the copy number for REL, B2M, ALB, AF10 and MLL. Twenty-one of these tumours were shown by Comparative Genomic Hybridization to contain variable copy number increases of chromosomal material mapping to 2p. High level amplification (>30-fold) of N-MYC was found in three tumours, none of which showed adverse histological features and all patients are surviving at between 54 and 108 months post enucleation. Furthermore, the three tumours associated with metastasis and adverse patient outcome showed normal N-MYC copy number. Although high level amplification of N-MYC is an unfavourable prognostic indicator in neuroblastoma, these data show no evidence of a correlation between amplification of N-MYC and adverse outcome in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lillington
- Cancer Research UK, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London NHS Trust, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Bajaj-Elliott M, Fedeli P, Smith GV, Domizio P, Maher L, Ali RS, Quinn AG, Farthing MJG. Modulation of host antimicrobial peptide (beta-defensins 1 and 2) expression during gastritis. Gut 2002; 51:356-61. [PMID: 12171956 PMCID: PMC1773366 DOI: 10.1136/gut.51.3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND beta-Defensins are a newly identified family of antimicrobial peptides that are expressed by epithelia on mucosal surfaces where their production is augmented by infection or inflammation. Helicobacter pylori colonises the gastric epithelium causing persistent gastric inflammation leading to antral and corpus gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. AIMS To evaluate the role of beta-defensins in the innate immune response of the gastric epithelium to infection and inflammation, we have assessed mRNA expression and regulation of human beta-defensins 1 and 2 (hBD1, hBD2) by H pylori and proinflammatory stimuli. We have also compared gene and peptide expression of these bactericidal agents in H pylori induced gastritis with that in normal gastric mucosa. METHODS Modulation of expression of hBD1 and hBD2 by various stimuli was studied in three (AGS, MKN7, MKN45) gastric epithelial cell lines by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Defensin mRNA expression was measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR in gastritis tissue and compared with controls. Peptide localisation was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cytotoxic H pylori and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) markedly upregulated expression of hBD2 in a dose and time dependent manner in both AGS and MKN7 cell lines. A modest increase in hBD1 expression was also noted during infection. Interestingly, induction of hBD1 gene expression by IL-1 beta was only observed in MKN7 cells. The magnitude of this response was delayed and reduced compared with hBD2 expression. In gastric biopsies, hBD2 was undetectable in normal gastric antrum but a marked increase was observed in H pylori positive gastritis compared with control tissue (p<0.001). Constitutive expression of hBD1 was observed in normal gastric mucosa and there was a significant increase in gastritis (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed a parallel increase in hBD1 and hBD2 peptide expression in gastritis tissue with positive staining confined to the surface epithelium of the gastric glands. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of beta-defensin expression by pathogenic and/or inflammatory stimuli and their cellular localisation places these antimicrobial peptides in the front line of innate host defence in the human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bajaj-Elliott
- Department of Adult and Paediatric Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Turner St, London, UK.
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McCartney SA, Greaves RRSH, Warner TD, O'Donnell LJD, Domizio P, Farthing MJG. Endothelin content, expression, and receptor type in normal and diseased human gallbladder. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47:1786-92. [PMID: 12184531 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016532228836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to characterize the endothelin (ET) system in human gallbladder by determining (1) the tissue content of ET-1 and ET-2 by ELISA; (2) the expression of mRNA of the ET precursors preproendothelin-1, -2, and -3; and (3) mRNA expression for the ETA and ETB receptors. Median content of ET-1/2 was significantly reduced in severely inflamed gallbladders compared to gallbladders with mild inflammation. There was an inverse correlation between content of ET-1/2 and inflammation score. mRNA for preproendothelin-2 was highly expressed in all samples, whereas mRNA for preproendothelin-1 was present in negligible quantities and mRNA for preproendothelin-3 was undetectable. mRNA for ETA receptors was expressed in all samples analyzed, whereas mRNA for ETB receptors was expressed at a much lower level. This study demonstrates the presence of ET-1/2 in human gallbladder. ET-1/2 content is decreased with increasing degrees of histological inflammation. ET-2 is likely to be the physiologically significant endothelin isopeptide expressed and ETA receptors appear to predominate in the human gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McCartney
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
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Allaker RP, Young KA, Hardie JM, Domizio P, Meadows NJ. Prevalence of helicobacter pylori at oral and gastrointestinal sites in children: evidence for possible oral-to-oral transmission. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51:312-317. [PMID: 11926736 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-4-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of Helicobacter pylori occurs mainly in childhood. However, the mode of transmission remains unclear. To help elucidate this, 100 children attending for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were investigated for the presence of H. pylori at various sites. H. pylori was detected in antral gastric biopsies by the rapid urease test (13 patients), culture (13 patients), histology (15 patients) and PCR (20 patients). Gastric juice was positive for H. pylori in 3 patients by culture and 11 patients by PCR. The dental plaque from 68% of gastric biopsy-positive patients (as determined by culture or PCR) and 24% of gastric biopsy-negative patients was positive for H. pylori by PCR. The presence of H. pylori in dental plaque was significantly associated with the presence of this organism in the stomach. H. pylori was detected by PCR in the faeces of 25% of gastric biopsy-positive children sampled. H. pylori was not cultured on any occasion from the oral cavity or faeces. The evidence from this study suggests that oral-to-oral transmission may be a possible mode of spread of H. pylori in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P Domizio
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, *Department of Histopathology and †Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - N J Meadows
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, *Department of Histopathology and †Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
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Hussain HK, Kingston JE, Domizio P, Norton AJ, Reznek RH. Imaging-guided core biopsy for the diagnosis of malignant tumors in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 176:43-7. [PMID: 11133536 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.176.1.1760043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the ability of imaging-guided core biopsy to obtain sufficient tissue from pediatric tumors for a definitive diagnosis of malignancy on which treatment could be based. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four biopsies (biopsies of the abdomen, 32; of the chest, 2) were performed on 34 children at presentation under CT or sonographic guidance using 14-, 18-, or both 14- and 18-gauge needles. A minimum of two tissue cores was obtained. Most biopsies were performed under general anesthesia, permitting other procedures to be performed. The biopsy results were confirmed by subsequent surgical pathology, bone marrow biopsy, biochemical or clinical features, and follow-up examination. RESULTS The needle biopsy diagnoses were nephroblastoma (n = 11), neuroblastoma (n = 7), renal cell carcinoma (n = 2), synovial sarcoma (n = 1), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 2), clear cell sarcoma (n = 1), rhabdoid tumor (n = 1), pulmonary blastoma (n = 2), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (n 1), germ cell tumor (n = 1), adrenal carcinoma (n = 1), inflammatory tissue (n = 2), desmoplastic tumor of the mesentery (n = 1), and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 1). In 28 patients, the results were confirmed as correct (22 with surgery and 6 with follow-up examination). Four patients required additional biopsy. In two of these patients, the core biopsy showed inflammatory tissue only, and an open biopsy of a different site was performed; the other two patients did not respond to therapy on the basis of needle biopsy results, and an open biopsy altered the diagnosis. Two patients with widespread disease were excluded because they did not respond to treatment and were too ill to undergo an open biopsy. Only one significant complication was recorded. CONCLUSION Imaging-guided core biopsy is a safe and reliable means of obtaining sufficient tissue to make a confident histologic diagnosis of malignant pediatric tumors in a high percentage of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Hussain
- Department of Radiology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hyer
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom.
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Zhang ZW, Patchett SE, Perrett D, Domizio P, Farthing MJ. Gastric alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene concentrations in association with Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 12:497-503. [PMID: 10833091 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200012050-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated gastric histology on alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene concentrations in serum, gastric juice and antral mucosa were investigated in patients undergoing routine gastroscopy for investigation of dyspepsia. METHOD Eighty-six patients were studied. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene concentrations. H. pylori infection was assessed by histology, bacterial culture, rapid urease test and serology. RESULTS No obvious association was found between age, sex, smoking or endoscopic diagnosis and alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene concentrations in serum, gastric juice and antral mucosa. However, alcohol drinkers had significantly lower antral mucosal and gastric juice beta-carotene concentrations compared to non-drinkers. Gastric juice beta-carotene concentration was markedly lower in patients infected with H. pylori than uninfected controls (2.9 nmol/l (interquartile range 0.3-4.3) versus 4.6 nmol/l (interquartile range 3.5-7.6), P = 0.01), but there was no significant difference in serum or gastric mucosal beta-carotene concentrations between the two patient groups. The presence of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was significantly associated with reduced mucosal alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene concentrations. Furthermore, antral mucosal alpha-tocopherol concentrations decreased progressively as antral mucosal histology changed from normal to chronic gastritis alone and finally to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION Gastric alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene concentrations are affected by H. pylori-associated gastric histological changes, and these findings suggest that H. pylori infection may not only impair the protective role of vitamin C, but also of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre, St Bartholomew's and the Royal and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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19
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Wells CA, Perera R, White FE, Domizio P. Fine needle aspiration cytology in the UK breast screening programme: a national audit of results. Breast 1999; 8:261-6. [PMID: 14965741 DOI: 10.1054/brst.1999.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Breast Screening Service in the UK depends upon triple assessment, with or without core biopsy, to determine the need for diagnostic biopsy or treatment for screen-detected lesions. To determine the efficacy of cytology in this process a nationwide survey of sensitivity and specificity of the technique was instituted by the National Coordinating Committees for both Radiology and Pathology. Although some units were performing to the national recommended standards, a significant number of units were shown to have problems with a high false negative rate and high inadequate rates from lesions which were eventually diagnosed as cancer. This suggests problems in localizing lesions adequately at aspiration. Generally, indicators of pathology diagnostic performance (e.g. positive predictive values) were good. The figures suggest that some units are not benefiting from an optimal cytological service. Consequently training programmes targeted at aspiration technique may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wells
- Department of Pathology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The antineoplastic drug cisplatin has been widely used for the treatment of cancer in humans but its use has been limited by vomiting and diarrhoea. Cisplatin releases 5-hydroxytryptamine into the gut which is thought to be the major mediator of cisplatin induced vomiting. AIM To determine whether cisplatin affects fluid and electrolyte transport in rat jejunum and whether this change can be modulated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. METHODS Jejunal perfusion in rats in vivo was performed one hour after intraperitoneal cisplatin (5 and 10 mg/kg) administration. The effect of pretreatment with subcutaneous ondansetron 300 microg/kg was investigated. RESULTS Median net fluid absorption after cisplatin 10 mg/kg (67 microl/min/g dry intestinal weight (interquartile range 46 to 100); n = 15) was reduced compared with controls (120 (107 to 151) microl/min/g; n = 13; p<0.001). Ondansetron reversed the impairment of jejunal fluid absorption produced by cisplatin to normal (161 (130 to 176) microl/min/g; n = 11; p<0.001). Electrolyte movement paralleled fluid movement. Jejunal histological examination of sections from cisplatin treated animals showed villus damage, which was not prevented by pretreatment with ondansetron. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that diarrhoea during cisplatin therapy may be due to altered fluid transport in the small bowel. The reversal of fluid transport to normal in the presence of a 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist suggests that 5-hydroxytryptamine is a local mediator in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Bearcroft
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Turner St, London E1 2AD, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Berry
- Department of Urology, Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Zhang ZW, Patchett SE, Perrett D, Katelaris PH, Domizio P, Farthing MJ. The relation between gastric vitamin C concentrations, mucosal histology, and CagA seropositivity in the human stomach. Gut 1998; 43:322-6. [PMID: 9863475 PMCID: PMC1727232 DOI: 10.1136/gut.43.3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C may be protective against gastric cancer though infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with a reduction in intragastric concentrations of vitamin C. AIMS To examine the effects of H pylori infection, gastric juice pH, the severity and extent of gastric inflammation, and CagA antibody status of the individual on gastric juice and mucosal vitamin C concentrations. PATIENTS One hundred and fifteen patients undergoing routine gastroscopy for investigation of dyspepsia. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine vitamin C concentrations. CagA antibody was detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS Gastric juice ascorbic acid concentration was significantly lower in patients infected with H pylori compared with those uninfected (19.3 mumol/l (interquartile range (IQR) 10.7-44.5) versus 66.9 mumol/l (IQR 24.4-94.2), p = 0.003). The reduction in gastric juice ascorbic acid concentration was inversely related to the severity of gastritis (p = 0.01). CagA positive patients had significantly lower gastric juice ascorbic acid concentrations than CagA negative ones (14.8 mumol/1 (IQR 7.9-52.2) versus 39 mumol/l (IQR 19.9-142.2), p = 0.05). Decreased gastric juice dehydroascorbic acid concentrations were observed in patients with gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Mucosal ascorbic acid concentrations were also significantly lower in infected patients than uninfected patients (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The reduction in gastric vitamin C concentrations is related to gastric juice pH, the severity and extent of gastritis, the presence of H pylori, and the CagA antibody status of the individual. These findings may have implications in H pylori associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre, St Bartholomew's, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lim
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In Western populations, peptic ulcer disease is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains expressing the CagA antigen. In Africa the prevalence of H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease is high, although information regarding potential virulence factors is lacking. This study examines the prevalence of antibodies to CagA both in African patients with dyspepsia who are undergoing gastroscopy, and in asymptomatic healthy African volunteers. METHODS Eighty two consecutive patients (median age 34 years, range 15-73 years), attending for gastroscopy were studied, of whom 78 (95.1%) were subsequently found to be Helicobacter positive. Three antral biopsies were obtained from each patient and 5 ml of blood was taken for determination of CagA seropositivity using western blot analysis. CagA seropositivity was also determined in 65 H. pylori positive healthy volunteers (median age 30 years, range 18-70 years), with no symptoms or previous history of gastroduodenal disease. RESULTS Of the 78 H. pylori positive patients, CagA seropositivity was present in all 22 patients with active peptic ulcer disease (100%), in eight of nine patients with duodenitis (89%), in 15 of 19 patients with macroscopic gastritis (78.9%), and in 24 of 28 patients with a normal endoscopy (85.7%). On histological assessment, 46 patients had chronic active gastritis, 29 patients had gastritis with atrophy and three patients had intestinal metaplasia. CagA seropositivity rates were 84.7%, 93% and 100%, respectively, for these groups. In the 89 healthy volunteers studied, 57 of the 65 H. pylori positive subjects (87.7%) were seropositive for the CagA protein. CONCLUSIONS As in Western countries, CagA seropositivity in this African population was closely related to endoscopic gastroduodenal disease, and to the presence of more advanced histological lesions in the antrum. However, there was also a high prevalence of CagA seropositivity in asymptomatic healthy individuals, suggesting that factors other than CagA predominate in ulcer pathogenesis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Mahdi
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre and Dept of Histopathology, St Bartholomew's & The Royal London School of Medicine & Dentistry, UK
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Domizio P. Gastrointestinal Mucosal Biopsy. Clin Mol Pathol 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.50.8.710-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Domizio P. Gastrointestinal Mucosal Biopsy. Clin Mol Pathol 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.50.4.356-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Romano P, Suzzi G, Domizio P, Fatichenti F. Secondary products formation as a tool for discriminating non-Saccharomyces wine strains. Strain diversity in non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997; 71:239-42. [PMID: 9111917 DOI: 10.1023/a:1000102006018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A total of 78 strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts were isolated: 30 strains of Kloeckera apiculata, 20 of Candida stellata, 8 of Candida valida and 20 of Zygosaccharomyces fermentati. The diversity of yeast species and strains was monitored by determining the formation of secondary products of fermentation, such as acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and higher alcohols. Within each species, the strains were distinguishable in phenotypes through the production of different amounts of by-products. In particular, a great variability was found in C. stellata, where six different phenotypes were identified by means of the production of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol. At different stages of the spontaneous fermentation different phenotypes of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts were represented, characterized by consistent differences in some by-products involved in the wine bouquet, such as acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Romano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Patchett SE, Katelaris PH, Zhang ZW, Alstead EM, Domizio P, Farthing MJ. Ornithine decarboxylase activity is a marker of premalignancy in longstanding Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1996; 39:807-10. [PMID: 9038661 PMCID: PMC1383451 DOI: 10.1136/gut.39.6.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longstanding Helicobacter pylori infection may increase the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma. The sequence of chronic active gastritis leading to gastritis with atrophy and subsequent intestinal metaplasia is thought to be a key step in gastric carcinogenesis. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is increased in some pre-malignant gastrointestinal conditions and is essential for malignant transformation in vitro. AIMS To measure ODC activity in the antrum of H pylori infected and non-infected subjects and to relate this to histological abnormalities associated with recent and longstanding H pylori infection. METHODS Six antral mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained from 75 patients for detailed histological assessment and measurement of ODC activity. Samples were measured in duplicate and results expressed as median, interquartile range in pmol/mg protein/h. RESULTS ODC activity was significantly higher in H pylori positive (164, 88-259 pmol/mg/h) than H pylori negative subjects (99.8, 55-158 pmol/mg/h, p = 0.003). However the presence of gastritis, irrespective of the severity of inflammation or activity had no influence on ODC activity. Gastritis with atrophy was associated with increased ODC activity, which was closely related to the severity of the atrophy (p = 0.01). Similarly, ODC activity was significantly increased in subjects with intestinal metaplasia (196, 83-25) compared with those without intestinal metaplasia (111.7, 65-175, p < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the histological changes associated with longstanding H pylori infection rather than inflammation alone are associated with increased polyamine biosynthetic activity. This may be relevant to H pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Patchett
- Digestive Diseases Research Centre, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London
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Domizio P. Gastrointestinal Cancers: Biology, Diagnosis and Therapy. Clin Mol Pathol 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.49.10.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Beattie RM, Nicholls SW, Domizio P, Williams CB, Walker-Smith JA. Endoscopic assessment of the colonic response to corticosteroids in children with ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996; 22:373-9. [PMID: 8732900 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199605000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty children with active ulcerative colitis were assessed before and after 8 weeks of medical therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) derivatives and corticosteroids. Local therapy was given for distal disease (seven cases); other disease was treated with oral prednisolone (1-2 mg/kg/day, maximum 40 mg). Eighteen of the children showed a clinical improvement on therapy, and complete remission of clinical disease activity by 8 weeks was seen in 17 (85%). C-reactive protein was elevated initially in 10 of 20 children and returned to normal posttreatment in all but one. Reassessment of the colon after treatment showed an improved endoscopic appearance in 15 and complete remission in eight (40%). Histological improvement was seen in 13, with full remission in only three (15%). In conclusion, remission of clinical disease activity by corticosteroid therapy in ulcerative colitis may not be accompanied by endoscopic remission and uncommonly by mucosal healing. This finding may be important prognostically because of the risk of dysplasia in long-standing persistent mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Beattie
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Medical College of St. Bartholomew's Hosptial, London, England
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Romano P, Suzzi G, Brandolini V, Menziani E, Domizio P. Determination of 2,3-butanediol in high and low acetoin producers of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts by automated multiple development (AMD). Lett Appl Microbiol 1996; 22:299-302. [PMID: 8934790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb01165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High performance thin layer chromatography with automated multiple development was used to determine 2,3-butanediol levels in wine produced by high and low acetoin-forming strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An inverse correlation between acetoin and 2,3-butanediol content was found suggesting a leaky mutation in acetoin reductase of the low 2,3-butanediol producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Romano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università della Bascilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Suzzi G, Romano P, Vannini L, Turbanti L, Domizio P. Cell-recycle batch fermentation using immobilized cells of flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 12:25-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00327794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/1995] [Accepted: 08/03/1995] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Breese EJ, Michie CA, Nicholls SW, Williams CB, Domizio P, Walker-Smith JA, MacDonald TT. The effect of treatment on lymphokine-secreting cells in the intestinal mucosa of children with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9:547-52. [PMID: 8580276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown both interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN) to be elevated in patients with active Crohn's disease compared to ulcerative colitis or non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. However the effect of treatment on these lymphokines has not been studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay the percentage of lymphokine-secreting cells was determined in the intestinal mucosa of children with Crohn's disease before and after 8 weeks of treatment with either enteral nutrition, cyclosporin or steroids. RESULTS Before treatment, a high percentage of cells isolated from mucosal biopsies secreted IL-2 or interferon-gamma. Eight weeks' treatment with the immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin, or with corticosteroids, produced a significant reduction in the percentage of IL-2 secreting cells, although only for the former was there also a reduction in interferon-gamma secreting cells. Enteral nutrition however, produced a reduction in lymphokine-secreting cells equivalent to cyclosporin and produced the best histological and clinical improvement. CONCLUSION Enteral nutrition and cyclosporin can down-regulate lymphokine secretion in the gut in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Breese
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Domizio P. Liver Biopsy Interpretation. Clin Mol Pathol 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.48.8.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Beattie
- Academic Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England
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Katelaris PH, Patchett SE, Zhang ZW, Domizio P, Farthing MJ. A randomized prospective comparison of clarithromycin versus amoxycillin in combination with omeprazole for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9:205-8. [PMID: 7605864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare H. pylori eradication rates using omeprazole in conjunction with either amoxycillin or clarithromycin. BACKGROUND Omeprazole with amoxycillin is the most widely used dual therapy regimen for eradication of H. pylori. A recent open study suggested a high eradication rate combining omeprazole with the newer macrolide, clarithromycin. METHODS A randomized prospective trial in 54 patients was conducted to compare 2 weeks of treatment with omeprazole 40 mg once daily and either amoxycillin 500 mg three times daily or clarithromycin 500 mg three times daily. H. pylori eradication was assessed using the 13C urea breath test. RESULTS Eradication was achieved in 18/26 (69.2%) of subjects treated with omeprazole and amoxycillin and 18/25 (72.0%) of those treated with omeprazole and clarithromycin (P = N.S.). Minor side effects, most commonly altered taste, were reported by 16% of patients and were more frequent in those randomized to clarithromycin (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These regimens are similarly effective. However, clarithromycin is more expensive, associated with a greater frequency of side effects and, unlike amoxycillin, resistance by H. pylori has been reported. This suggests that clarithromycin may be a useful alternative when there is penicillin allergy or previous treatment failure, but it should not replace amoxycillin as first choice in omeprazole-based dual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Katelaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Beattie RM, Schiffrin EJ, Donnet-Hughes A, Huggett AC, Domizio P, MacDonald TT, Walker-Smith JA. Polymeric nutrition as the primary therapy in children with small bowel Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8:609-15. [PMID: 7696450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in adults have shown that polymeric (whole protein) diets are as effective as semi-elemental and elemental formulae for the induction of remission in small bowel Crohn's disease. Whole protein diets are more palatable and cheaper. There have been no studies confirming efficacy in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report our experience with seven children with active small bowel Crohn's disease given a casein-based, polymeric feed rich in TGF-beta 2 (Specific Polymeric Diet; Nestle-Clintec; Vevey, Switzerland) as complete nutrition for 8 weeks. RESULTS Initial and follow-up assessments were performed. All children showed a significant improvement in disease activity, with C-reactive protein returning to normal, an increase in serum albumin and a good weight gain. Initial and follow-up ileal biopsies were assessed and showed reduced mucosal inflammation in six of seven children, with complete healing in two. CONCLUSION In an uncontrolled descriptive study we have shown that a polymeric (whole protein) diet is a therapeutic option for small bowel Crohn's disease in children. By comprehensive follow-up we have demonstrated clinical and biochemical remission, with an improved endoscopic appearance and a reduction of mucosal inflammation in the terminal ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Beattie
- Academic Department of Paediatric, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Fludarabine is a comparatively new drug for the treatment of low-grade lymphoid malignancy. This report describes five cases of unusual neurological illnesses occurring after treatment with fludarabine. These suggest that caution should be exercised in patients receiving fludarabine who develop neurological abnormalities, with prompt investigation and if necessary cessation of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Three hundred and seventeen strains representing 20 species of yeasts were screened for the presence of beta-glucosidase activity. All of the strains of the species Debaryomyces castellii, Deb. hansenii, Deb. polymorphus, Kloeckera apiculata and Hansenula anomala showed beta-glucosidase activity, but only one of 153 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The other species behaved differently, depending upon the strain. The strains that hydrolysed arbutin were checked to localize the beta-glucosidase activity. A strain of Deb. hansenii exhibited the highest exocellular activity and some wall-bound and intracellular activity. The beta-glucosidase synthesis from this yeast was enhanced by aerobic conditions of growth, was repressed by high glucose concentration (9%) and occurred during exponential growth. The optimum conditions for enzymatic preparations of Deb. hansenii were between pH 4.0 and 5.0 and 40 degrees C. A high concentration of ethanol and glucose did not reduce the enzymatic activity. The enzymatic preparations of Deb. hansenii released monoterpenols and other alcohols from a grape glycoside extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rosi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa, Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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40
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Abstract
Childhood Crohn's disease may cause significant morbidity. T cell activation is considered to be central to Crohn's disease pathology, and as cyclosporin is a powerful inhibitor of T cell activation, and has been used in adult Crohn's disease with encouraging results, it may offer the prospect of remission if given early in the course of disease. Children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease or those relapsing off treatment were therefore given cyclosporin or conventional treatment (enteral nutrition or corticosteroids) by random allocation. Evaluation was performed initially and at two months. Twenty four children were studied (10 on cyclosporin and 14 on conventional treatment; one child on cyclosporin withdrew). Significant clinical improvement occurred in the group on conventional treatment, but not in the cyclosporin group. Colonoscopic improvement was noted in 5/9 on cyclosporin and 8/14 on conventional treatment, but neither group produced a significant fall in median colonoscopic index. Histological improvement was seen in 7/8 on cyclosporin and 8/13 on conventional treatment, but cyclosporin was not significantly better. Cyclosporin produced improved clinical and histological appearance without matched improvement in blood disease indices. It was not better than conventional treatment, and simple oral administration is probably not suitable for newly diagnosed patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicholls
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London
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41
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Breese EJ, Michie CA, Nicholls SW, Murch SH, Williams CB, Domizio P, Walker-Smith JA, MacDonald TT. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1994; 106:1455-66. [PMID: 8194690 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(94)90398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cytokines are thought to be important in mediating tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many of the in vivo activities of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) match the changes found in IBD, but its importance is controversial. METHODS A sensitive, reverse hemolytic plaque assay was used to determine the frequency of TNF-alpha secreting cells isolated from mucosal biopsy specimens of children with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (UC) and non-IBD controls before and after medical treatment. RESULTS Frequency of TNF-alpha secreting cells was significantly increased in biopsy specimens from children with mild, nonspecific inflammation compared with those with histologically normal intestine. Frequency did not increase in UC compared with children with nonspecific inflammation but was significantly greater in Crohn's disease than in UC. After treatment, the frequency of TNF-alpha secreting cells was reduced in patients receiving cyclosporin A, not reduced in patients with steroids or enteral nutrition, and not changed with treatment in UC. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha secreting cells are increased in the mucosa of inflamed intestine, regardless of pathogenesis. In patients with IBD, higher levels are seen in Crohn's disease than in UC, probably reflecting the extensive T-cell activation in Crohn's disease. No relation existed between histological healing and the frequency of TNF-alpha-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Breese
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, St. Bartholomews Hospital, London, England
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42
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Abstract
The term chronic inflammatory bowel disease is usually applied to the idiopathic varieties ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease but actually encompasses a wide range of colonic inflammatory conditions, which in children includes indeterminate colitis, microscopic colitis, allergic colitis and Behçet's enterocolitis. The pathologist's opinion is considered the final arbiter in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease but classification may be hampered by the considerable histological overlap between the various types of colitis. Accurate diagnosis, particularly in biopsy specimens, thus depends on clinical and radiological input as well as on appropriately selected and adequately prepared material. This chapter discusses in detail the morphological appearances of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease with particular emphasis on diagnosis by mucosal biopsy and differential diagnosis in the paediatric age group. The recent demonstration of ulceration-associated cell lineage and trefoil peptide expression in inflammatory bowel disease is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Department of Histopathology, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
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43
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Abstract
Colorectal polyps are an important albeit uncommon cause of rectal bleeding in children. Colonoscopy promotes both rapid and accurate diagnosis and the opportunity for immediate therapeutic polypectomy. A 10 year audit of polyps diagnosed and treated endoscopically has been undertaken in the children's endoscopy unit. Twenty nine polyps were diagnosed from 730 colonoscopies; 24 were juvenile, two inflammatory, two Peutz-Jeghers, and one an adenomatous polyp. All but one of the juvenile polyps were solitary. All children had bleeding per rectum as one of the major presenting features. About two thirds of the patients were under the age of 5 years; the mean age was 5.6 years. Most of the juvenile polyps were on the left side of the colon; 41% were distal to the sigmoid colon. However polyps were found throughout the colon, indicating that total colonoscopy is wise and rewarding in any child with persistent and intermittent rectal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Latt
- Academic Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London
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44
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Abstract
Small bowel lymphomas account for 20 to 40% of primary gut lymphomas in Western populations and are among the most common malignant tumours of the small bowel. We studied 119 cases of primary small bowel lymphoma presenting over 4 decades. Two thirds of the patients were men with a peak age incidence in the 7th decade. Common presenting features included abdominal pain, weight loss, small bowel obstruction, and acute abdomen. Tumours were classified using the Kiel European Association for Haematopathology Geneva Workshop scheme and phenotyped on paraffin sections; 66% were B cells, and 34% were T cell. In all cases, the antibodies L26 and polyclonal CD3 reliably distinguished between B- and T-cell tumours. Of the B-cell lymphomas, 62% were diffuse high grade, 20% were low-grade lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, 11% had both low- and high-grade components, and 7% were other low-grade types. Of the T-cell lymphomas, 83% were high grade, and 49% were enteropathy associated. Most T-cell lymphomas were ulcerated plaques or strictures in the proximal small bowel; B-cell lymphomas tended to be annular or polypoid masses in the distal and terminal ileum. Survival data showed that low-grade B-cell lymphomas had the best outcome and T-cell lymphomas the worst. Adverse prognostic features included perforation, high-grade histology, multiple tumours and advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Department of Histopathology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, England
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45
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Abstract
A total of 117 patients presenting with extrahepatic biliary strictures between 1981 and 1989 had 206 cytological examinations of the bile duct or bile (153 non-operative, 53 intraoperative) to establish the presence of malignancy. A final diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma was made in 88 patients, with 29 patients having benign biliary strictures. The cytological techniques used were fine needle aspiration (n = 102) or brushing (n = 24) of the bile duct, or exfoliative cytology of bile (n = 80). Forty one patients with malignancy had two or more examinations with differing results between samples in 20 cases. The overall sensitivity was 72%. There was only one false positive result, giving a patient predictive value of positive cytology of 98%. Intraoperative cytology was more sensitive than non-operative examination (80% v 42%). Overall, the sensitivity of fine needle aspiration (67%) was greater than that of brush cytology (40%) or exfoliative cytology (30%). No complications were encountered. Cytodiagnosis of extrahepatic biliary strictures is a safe procedure which is not technically demanding, and as it has a high sensitivity and predictive value for positive cytology, cytological confirmation of malignancy should be sought in all clinically and radiologically suspicious cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Desa
- Department of Surgery, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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46
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Gilbert JM, Mann CV, Scholefield J, Domizio P. The aetiology and surgery of carcinoma of the anus, rectum and sigmoid colon in Crohn's disease. Negative correlation with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16). Eur J Surg Oncol 1991; 17:507-13. [PMID: 1657651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal and recto-sigmoid Crohn's disease may rarely be complicated by the development of local malignancy. Eight patients with this association were identified from the records of St. Mark's Hospital between 1947 and 1988 and two from The London Hospital. The aetiology of the malignancies and their surgical management have been examined. Eight patients had adenocarcinoma of the anus, rectum or sigmoid colon and two had squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Synchronous dysplasia, adenomas and carcinomas were found in four of the eight patients with adenocarcinoma and a progression to malignancy which is analogous to that in ulcerative colitis is proposed for these cases via a 'dysplasia-carcinoma' or 'adenoma-carcinoma' sequence. In the four other patients with adenocarcinoma, the tumour arose within an area of Crohn's disease or in association with a chronic Crohn's fistula. In these four cases no dysplasia was found in the specimens at that time and long-standing infection is the only aetiological factor identified. Evidence for infection with human papillomavirus (HPV 16) was sought by DNA hybridisation of archival material but none was found in material from the Crohn's disease, fistulae or adeno- or squamous cell carcinomas. Anal and rectosigmoid Crohn's disease disguised the presence of malignancy, and diagnosis was usually delayed. All patients underwent excisional surgery and eight of the ten had all of the large bowel removed either as a single procedure or in stages. Only three of the eight cases of adenocarcinoma had early malignancies (Dukes' stage A) and the remaining five cases had locally advanced disease (Dukes' stage B).
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47
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Abstract
Cystic renal neoplasms of infancy and childhood, represented largely by cystic variants of nephroblastoma, form a spectrum of clinicopathological entities with differing behaviours. Cystic nephroma and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma occupy the benign end of the tumour spectrum, while polycystic Wilms' tumour forms the malignant end. A wide variety of names, reflecting different theories on aetiology, has been applied to the lesions comprising this spectrum, and this has undoubtedly caused confusion in their recognition and classification. We examined five cases of cystic renal tumours in young children which illustrate the entire spectrum, and lectin histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of these cases showed a close similarity in the pattern of staining of the three variants of cystic tumours. This finding, which has not previously been reported to our knowledge, supports the concept of a close pathogenetic relationship between these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Department of Histopathology, Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
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48
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Domizio P. Advanced Histopathology. Clin Mol Pathol 1991. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.44.1.88-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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49
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Domizio P, Talbot IC, Spigelman AD, Williams CB, Phillips RK. Upper gastrointestinal pathology in familial adenomatous polyposis: results from a prospective study of 102 patients. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43:738-43. [PMID: 2170464 PMCID: PMC502752 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.43.9.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens from 102 asymptomatic patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, taken during a prospective endoscopic screening programme were examined. One hundred patients had microscopic gastroduodenal pathology, often in the absence of macroscopic lesions. Adenomas were found in 94 patients in the duodenum, in the second and third parts. Hyperplasia of villous and crypt epithelium was also seen, sometimes in the absence of adenomas: this may be a precursor of neoplastic change. In the stomach fundic gland polyps were the commonest abnormality, seen microscopically in 44 patients. Chronic antral gastritis was common in patients without fundic polyps. Gastric adenomas were present in six patients, all of whom also had duodenal adenomas. If duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis have a similar malignant potential to those in the colorectum sequential endoscopy and biopsy are necessary to detect cancer in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Department of Histopathology, St Mark's Hospital, London
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50
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Domizio P, Liesner RJ, Dicks-Mireaux C, Risdon RA. Malignant mesenchymoma associated with a congenital lung cyst in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Pathol 1990; 10:785-97. [PMID: 2235763 DOI: 10.3109/15513819009064712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary lung tumors are uncommon in children, and malignant mesenchymal tumors form only a small proportion of these. Leiomyosarcomas occur more commonly than rhabdomyosarcomas, whereas malignant mesenchymomas are exceedingly rare. Of the total number of primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcomas and malignant mesenchymomas of lung reported in children, 50% have occurred in association with congenital lung cysts. The relationship between abnormal morphogenesis and neoplasia is well documented in the kidney. A similar relationship may exist in the lung between cystic parenchymal maldevelopment and embryonal mesenchymal tumors. We report a 4-year-old boy with a malignant mesenchymoma of lung arising within a congenital lung cyst; one similar case has previously been reported to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Domizio
- Department of Histopathology, Hospital for Sick Children, London, United Kingdom
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