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Sharma BB, Lamey PJ. Multiple oral mucoceles treated with evening primrose oil: a report of two cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 60:365-367. [PMID: 34690016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mucoceles of the minor salivary glands are rare in the mouth. Typically, the minor salivary glands of the soft palate are affected. We report two cases that responded entirely following systemic therapy with evening primrose oil. No recurrence was reported over a two-year follow-up period. Evening primrose oil is postulated to have an effect on the composition and/or viscosity of minor salivary gland secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Sharma
- Oral Medicine Unit, Edinburgh Dental Institute, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh, Scotland EH3 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - P J Lamey
- Oral Medicine Unit, Edinburgh Dental Institute, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh, Scotland EH3 9HA, United Kingdom.
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Simpson
- Department of Oral Surgery, Edinburgh Dental Institute, UK.
| | - N Rahman
- Department of Oral Surgery, Edinburgh Dental Institute, UK.
| | - P-J Lamey
- Department of Oral Medicine, Edinburgh Dental Institute, UK.
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3
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Abstract
AIM To determine the distribution of the NPY Y1 receptor in carious and noncarious human dental pulp tissue using immunohistochemistry. A subsidiary aim was to confirm the presence of the NPY Y1 protein product in membrane fractions of dental pulp tissue from carious and noncarious teeth using western blotting. METHODOLOGY Twenty two dental pulp samples were collected from carious and noncarious extracted teeth. Ten samples were processed for immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody to the NPY Y1 receptor. Twelve samples were used to obtain membrane extracts which were electrophoresed, blotted onto nitrocellulose and probed with NPY Y1 receptor antibody. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was employed to test for overall statistical differences between NPY Y1 levels in noncarious, moderately carious and grossly carious teeth. RESULTS Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor immunoreactivity was detected on the walls of blood vessels in pulp tissue from noncarious teeth. In carious teeth NPY Y1 immunoreactivity was observed on nerve fibres, blood vessels and inflammatory cells. Western blotting indicated the presence and confirmed the variability of NPY Y1 receptor protein expression in solubilised membrane preparations of human dental pulp tissue from carious and noncarious teeth. CONCLUSIONS Neuropeptide Y Y1 is expressed in human dental pulp tissue with evidence of increased expression in carious compared with noncarious teeth, suggesting a role for NPY Y1 in modulation of caries induced pulpal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A El Karim
- Oral Science Research Centre, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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4
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Hyland PL, Coulter WA, Abu-Ruman I, Fulton CR, O'Neill HJ, Coyle PV, Lamey PJ. Asymptomatic shedding of HSV-1 in patients undergoing oral surgical procedures and attending for noninvasive treatment. Oral Dis 2007; 13:414-8. [PMID: 17577329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral surgery and stress can trigger and/or increase asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) into human saliva. In this investigation we examined the frequency of HSV-1 shedding in 32 patients undergoing an oral surgery procedure compared with 40 control patients attending for noninvasive treatment. Control patients comprised 18 migraine patients and 22 patients with temporomandibular (TMD) joint problems. Nested-PCR was carried out on oral rinses collected from each patient prior to treatment and 7 days post-treatment. Fifty-two of sixty-one seropositive patients were positive for HSV-1 DNA in one or both oral rinses. The frequencies of HSV-1 shedding for the oral surgery and control patients were 84.6% and 85.7% respectively. Seropositive patients who started shedding after treatment were significantly higher in oral surgery patients (46.2%) compared to control patients (34.3%). Shedding of HSV-1 in the oral cavity is not only increased by direct surgical trauma, but also appears to be common in migraine and TMD patients attending for general dental treatment. Thus pain or pain-induced stress as well as anxiety associated with dental treatment may also be a risk factor for asymptomatic shedding in specific seropositive patients attending for dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Hyland
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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5
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Lamey PJ, Biagioni PA, Al-Hashimi I. The feasibility of using infrared thermography to evaluate minor salivary gland function in euhydrated, dehydrated and rehydrated subjects. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:127-31. [PMID: 17305632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infrared thermography technique (IRT) is utilized by a growing number of disciplines within medicine and dentistry. However, IRT has not been employed in the evaluation of salivary gland dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using thermographic imaging in the evaluation of minor labial salivary gland function in subjects during euhydration, dehydration, and rehydration states. METHODS Ten subjects were studied. Upper labial minor salivary gland secretion was quantified whilst simultaneously visualizing lower minor salivary gland output thermographically during each state. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the minor labial salivary flow among euhydrated, dehydrated and rehydrated, states. Despite the lack of statistical difference in the thermographic findings, IRT images reflected noticeable differences among the three hydration states. CONCLUSION The overall results of this study suggest that IRT could potentially provide a valuable non-invasive tool for evaluating the relationship between minor labial salivary gland function and hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-J Lamey
- Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, BT12 6BP, UK.
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6
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Al-Omiri MK, Lamey PJ, Cooper C, Clifford T. Relationship between personality and satisfaction with the dentition in tooth wear patients. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2006; 14:179-84. [PMID: 17205954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify whether personality traits had any relationship with patients' satisfaction with their dentition in tooth wear cases. One hundred tooth wear patients and one hundred controls were recruited into the study. A Dental Impact on Daily Living questionnaire was used to assess impact of tooth wear on day to day life and satisfaction with the dentition. An ordinal scale was used to assess tooth wear severity in tooth wear patients. The NEO Five Factor inventory was used to assess personal profiles. Tooth wear patients were less satisfied with their dentition, had higher Neuroticism, lower Extraversion, and higher Openness than the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Al-Omiri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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7
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the shear bond strength and determine the area of residual adhesive on teeth after the debonding of brackets bonded with two types of orthodontic adhesives. These were a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji ORTHO LC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and a resin applied as a precoated bracket (APC bracket, 3M Unitek GmbH, Seefeld, Germany). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 premolar teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and brackets were bonded according to the manufacturers' instructions. In group 1, the teeth were conditioned using 10% polyacrylic acid, and the brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC in wet condition. In group 2, the teeth were etched using 37% phosphoric acid, and the APC brackets were bonded. Bond strength was measured using a testing instrument (2000S, Lloyds Instruments, Fareham, England) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the residual adhesive was quantified using a three-dimensional laser scanning instrument. RESULTS The Mann-Whitney test showed that the median bond strength of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2 (P < .001). A Pearson chi-square test of the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) revealed a significant difference among the groups tested. All the adhesives in group 1 failed at the enamel/adhesive interface (100%), whereas group 2 exhibited cohesive failure of the adhesive (90%). CONCLUSIONS The bond strength values obtained with the RMGIC were above the minimum values suggested in the literature to achieve a clinically effective adhesion in orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al Shamsi
- Restorative Department, School of Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to determine the efficacy of OraDisc (active component 2 mg amlexanox) on the prevention of aphthous ulcers treated at the prodromal stage. METHODS Thermographic imaging was used to confirm the presence of a prodromal ulcer. Fifty-two patients were randomized to receive OraDisc (N = 26) or vehicle patches (N = 26). Patches were applied four times a day for 72 h over the prodromal area. The percentage of subjects who developed an ulcer at 72 h was compared between groups using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS About 50% of subjects in the OraDisc group developed an ulcer by day 4 compared with 69% in the vehicle group. Erythema score, ulcer size, pain scores and thermographically active area and temperature all showed trends towards healing in the OraDisc group. CONCLUSION The OraDisc prevents ulcers from developing when compared with the vehicle patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Murray
- The Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Group Hospitals and Dental Hospital, Belfast, UK
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialorrhoea, the symptom of apparent excessive secretion of saliva is a relatively uncommon complaint. Some authors consider that in the absence of clinical findings, then these patients have a psychiatric disorder masquerading as a physical illness. However, there is little evidence in the literature to support this conclusion and a detailed psychological assessment of this population has not previously been reported. METHODS In total, 18 patients and 18 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. All had a history of a complaint of excess salivation in the absence of any oral mucosal or systemic abnormality. All patients completed an Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. RESULTS There were no differences in the extroversion of psychoticism scores between the study and control group. However, the result showed significant increases in the neuroticism and Lie Scale score in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS The overall results of this study indicate that the complaint of sialorrhoea in otherwise healthy individuals does not have an organic basis and suggest that sialorrhoea is associated with high levels of neuroticism and a tendency to dissimulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-J Lamey
- Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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10
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Barnes MF, Geary JL, Clifford TJ, Lamey PJ. Fitting acrylic occlusal splints and an experimental laminated appliance used in migraine prevention therapy. Br Dent J 2006; 200:283-6; discussion 269. [PMID: 16528336 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4813311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical procedures and chair time required to seat and adjust hard, heat-cured acrylic occlusal splints and an alternative laminated appliance developed to simplify construction of migraine prevention appliances. DESIGN AND SETTING Single-centre study in the Oral Medicine Clinic, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland. METHOD Questionnaires were distributed, January-May 2003, to operators fitting occlusal splints for 100 consecutive patients selected for migraine prevention therapy. Half the appliances were made in heat-polymerised acrylic with the remainder using a novel combination of ethylene vinyl acetate and light-curing urethane dimethacrylate. Information on operator experience, the nature of any fitting surface and occlusal adjustments together with an estimate of the time taken to make alterations was recorded. KEY FINDINGS The need for adjustment to seat appliances intraorally was significantly less for migraine prevention appliances made using an experimental laminating technique. Where modifications were necessary, there was no significant difference in the chair time required to fit either the heat-cured hard or experimental laminated migraine prevention appliance. CONCLUSION Provision of migraine prevention appliances may be more time efficient if the dental practitioner considers a laminated approach to construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Barnes
- Department of Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Grosvenor Road, Queen's University Belfast
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Lundy FT, Orr DF, Shaw C, Lamey PJ, Linden GJ. Detection of individual human neutrophil ?-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3) in unfractionated gingival crevicular fluid?A MALDI-MS approach. Mol Immunol 2005; 42:575-9. [PMID: 15607816 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of antimicrobial peptides is particularly important in the oral cavity where there is constant challenge by microorganisms. The alpha-defensins are a group of cationic peptides that comprise 30-50% of the total protein in azurophilic granules of human neutrophils. They include the human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1, 2 and 3 which have almost identical amino acid sequences but differ in their biological activities. The amino acid sequence similarities of the defensins have made it difficult to unequivocally determine the presence of individual defensins using antibody-based techniques. However, by virtue of their cationic nature we postulated that the defensins would fly particularly well in mass spectrometry and that this characteristic would allow facile identification of individual HNPs in unfractionated gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. Although there was variability in levels of defensins detected in periodontal health and disease, HNP-1 was always identified as the major peak in the triad and HNP-3 as the minor peak, lending support to the hypothesis that HNP-2 may arise by post-translational proteoyltic cleavage of HNP-3 rather than HNP-1. The finding that the defensins were more abundant in a higher proportion of the healthy sites studied could be linked to a more intact defensin barrier in periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lundy
- Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BP Northern Ireland, UK.
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Lamey PJ, Lundy FT, Al-Hashimi I. Sjögren’s syndrome: a condition with features of chronic graft-versus-host disease: does duct cell adhesion or permeability play a role in pathogenesis? Med Hypotheses 2004; 62:825-9. [PMID: 15082115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary and Secondary Sjögren's syndrome are disease complexes characterized by periductal inflammatory cell infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands and manifest as dry mouth and dry eyes. Secondary Sjögren's syndrome may be associated with a connective tissue disorder. Additional extraglandular features in Sjögren's syndrome include a generalized inflammatory exocrinopathy that might be associated with abnormalities of both humoral and cellular mediated immunity. Similar inflammatory changes and extraglandular features, including an altered immune response, have been reported in patients developing graft-versus-host disease after bone-marrow transplantation and in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The periductal nature of the inflammatory response involving minor salivary and other glands raises the possibility of altered duct cell adhesion or permeability in playing a role in the aetiopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. The paper pulls together evidence that could be interpreted in this light. Evidence for bacterial or viral factor(s) altering the antigenicity of the histocompartibility (HC) complex on ductal cells in Sjögren's syndrome patients is also described. A hypothesis is proposed for Sjögren's syndrome in which the principal feature is an alteration in salivary gland duct cell adhesion or permeability. A re-evaluation of current knowledge of these two conditions from a clinical and experimental context are interpreted in this light.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-J Lamey
- Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Northern Ireland, Belfast BT12 6BP, UK.
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined clinical parameters of patients from Northern Ireland with potentially malignant lesions (PML) to determine association with development of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). DESIGN retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based, clinically validated, laboratory-verified. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All patients who had more than one incisional oral mucosal biopsy diagnosed from 1975-1991 were abstracted from a database of all PML and SCC and their clinical records and biopsies reviewed. Patients were excluded if there was priorlsynchronous SCC or radiotherapy, frictional keratosis or lichen planus, missing clinical records/biopsy material or follow-up of <24 months. From the 50 suitable patients, gender, age, smoking status, site, clinical appearance and extent of lesion(s), treatment and year of diagnosis were recorded. Patients who developed SCC from PML were compared with those who did not. RESULTS Squamous cell carcinoma occurred significantly more often in patients with single rather than multiple PML, those with 'non-homogenous' PML and in patients diagnosed prior to 1980. In Cox's survival analysis, only the clinical extent was predictive of SCC. CONCLUSIONS Of all the features considered in our series, size (extent) was the most important clinical factor in determining the risk of future SCC in PML, particularly when several adjacent anatomical sites were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Napier
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, UK.
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14
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El-Karim I, Lundy FT, Linden GJ, Lamey PJ. Extraction and radioimmunoassay quantitation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from human dental pulp tissue. Arch Oral Biol 2003; 48:249-54. [PMID: 12648563 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(02)00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of neuropeptides in complex biological tissue samples requires efficient and appropriate extraction methods so that immunoreactivity is retained for subsequent radioimmunoassay detection. Since neuropeptides differ in their molecular mass, charge and hydrophobicity, no single method will suffice for the optimal extraction of various neuropeptides. In this study, dental pulp tissue was obtained from 30 human non-carious teeth. Of the three different neuropeptide extraction methods employed, boiling in acetic acid in the presence of protease inhibitors yielded the highest levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of dental pulp tissue verified the authenticity of the neuropeptides extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I El-Karim
- Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, UK
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15
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Cruz I, Napier SS, van der Waal I, Snijders PJF, Walboomers JMM, Lamey PJ, Cowan CG, Gregg TA, Maxwell P, Meijer CJLM. Suprabasal p53 immunoexpression is strongly associated with high grade dysplasia and risk for malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral lesions from Northern Ireland. J Clin Pathol 2002; 55:98-104. [PMID: 11865002 PMCID: PMC1769595 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.55.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS No good predictive marker for the malignant transformation of potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOLs) is currently available. This study re-evaluated the value of p53 immunoexpression to predict malignant transformation of PMOLs after discounting possible confounding factors. METHODS PMOLs from 18 patients who showed progression to carcinoma, 16 of the respective carcinomas, and PMOLs from 18 matched controls were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53 expression. A mouse monoclonal antibody that detects wild-type and mutant forms of human p53 was used. The p53 immunostaining pattern was also correlated with the degree of dysplasia. RESULTS Suprabasal p53 staining was significantly associated with high grades of dysplasia (p < 0.01). The specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for malignant transformation of suprabasal p53 staining were superior to the assessment of dysplasia, but sensitivity was inferior. All carcinomas derived from PMOLs with suprabasal p53 showed strong p53 immunostaining. However, the absence of suprabasal p53 staining and/or dysplastic changes did not preclude malignant transformation in a considerable proportion of PMOLs. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms and extends previous findings that suprabasal p53 immunoexpression has a high PPV for malignant transformation of PMOLs and can be used as a specific marker for lesions that are at high risk for malignant transformation. The absence of suprabasal p53 staining (that is, absence of, or basal, p53 staining) is non-informative for prognostic purposes. Because of its limited sensitivity, p53 IHC is not a substitute for the assessment of dysplasia in the evaluation of PMOLs. Instead, p53 IHC emerges as a clinically useful supplement of histopathological assessment in the prognosis of PMOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cruz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Awawdeh L, Lundy FT, Shaw C, Lamey PJ, Linden GJ, Kennedy JG. Quantitative analysis of substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp tissue from painful and healthy human teeth. Int Endod J 2002; 35:30-6. [PMID: 11853236 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in painful and healthy human dental pulps. METHODOLOGY Forty-six samples of pulp tissue were collected from extracted or endodontically treated painful teeth and 20 from clinically healthy teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. All pulp samples were boiled in 0.5 m acetic acid for 10 min, centrifuged and the supernatant collected. SP, NKA and CGRP levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Substance P and CGRP were present in all samples and NKA was detected in 96% of the pulps. CGRP was present in much higher concentrations than SP and NKA in both painful and non-painful teeth. The painful teeth had significantly higher concentrations of SP (P = 0.02), NKA (P < 0.001) and CGRP (P = 0.03) than non-painful teeth. The concentration of CGRP was significantly higher in the pulps of smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of these neuropeptides in pulps from painful teeth indicate that they may play an important role in the process of pulpal inflammation and pain. Further investigation of the association between these neuropeptides and pulpal status may help to improve our understanding of pulpal inflammation and dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Awawdeh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid
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17
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Lundy FT, Chalk R, Lamey PJ, Shaw C, Linden GJ. Quantitative analysis of MRP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease using microbore HPLC. J Clin Periodontol 2001; 28:1172-7. [PMID: 11737516 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.281213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein components of GCF can be separated by reverse-phase microbore HPLC on a C18 column with detection on the basis of 214 nm absorbance. A single major symmetrical protein peak eluting with a retention time of 26 min (50% acetonitrile) was evident in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from periodontitis patients but not in healthy GCF. This protein was identified as human MRP-8 by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and liquid chromatography quadropole mass spectrometry. AIMS To quantify the amount of MRP-8 detectable in GCF from individual healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis affected sites and to study the relationship, if any, between the levels of this responsive protein and periodontal health and disease. METHODS GCF was sampled (30 s) from healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites in peridontitis subjects (n=15) and from controls (n=5) with clinically healthy gingiva and no periodontitis. Purified MRP-8 was sequenced by Edmann degradation and the phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acid yield determined (by comparison of peak area with external PTH amino acid standards). This value was subsequently used to calculate the relative amount of protein in the peak eluting with a retention time of 26.0 min (MRP-8) in individual GCF chromatograms. RESULTS Higher levels of MRP-8 were detected in inflammatory sites: periodontitis 457.0 (281.0) ng; gingivitis 413.5 (394.5) ng compared with periodontally healthy sites in diseased subjects 14.6 (14.3) ng and in controls 18.6 (18.5) ng, p=0.003. There was at least 20-fold more MRP-8 in the inflammatory compared with the healthy sites studied. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary data indicate that MRP-8 is present in GCF, with significantly greater amounts present at diseased than healthy sites. A systematic study of the relationship of this protein to periodontal disease could prove useful in further clarifying whether MRP-8 could be a reliable GCF biomarker of gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lundy
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of psychological factors on the acceptance of complete dentures in a population wearing dentures judged to be clinically satisfactory. DESIGN Subjects were asked to complete personality profiles and also to rate their dentures using a denture satisfaction questionnaire. SETTING The survey was conducted in the prosthetics clinic of a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS Patients were selected from those who had new complete dentures constructed in the department within the previous two years. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The personality inventory was a self-administered questionnaire comprising 240 items covering the five domains of personality. Denture satisfaction was scored on a nine item scale with four Likert type responses to each. RESULTS A group of 16% consistently complained about their dentures. Statistical analysis showed that personality factors especially Neuroticism had a significant relationship with denture satisfaction. CONCLUSION Psychological factors significantly influence denture satisfaction and profiles may provide useful in predicting potential difficult denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F al Quran
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Willis AM, Coulter WA, Fulton CR, Hayes JR, Bell PM, Lamey PJ. The influence of antifungal drugs on virulence properties of Candida albicans in patients with diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91:317-21. [PMID: 11250629 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of nystatin and fluconazole on virulence properties of Candida albicans. STUDY DESIGN A total of 108 diabetic patients participated in the study. Eighty-eight patients had clinical oral candidosis. Drug therapy was given at 6 hourly intervals for nystatin or daily with fluconazole for a maximum of 2 weeks. Adhesion of C albicans to buccal epithelial cells was determined by using an autologous adhesion assay prospectively over 6 months. Phospholipase production was estimated by using an agar plate method. The data analysis included a paired Student t test and calculation of correlation coefficients. RESULTS Unlike nystatin, treatment with fluconazole reduced the ability of C albicans to colonize the buccal mucosa for up to 8 weeks after the treatment. Patients without clinical signs of oral candidosis had significantly fewer C albicans isolates producing phospholipase than did patients with oral candidosis. Treatment with fluconazole, but not nystatin, reduced the production of phospholipase from C albicans oral isolates in patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS In addition to being antifungal, fluconazole alters phospholipase production, modifies buccal epithelial cells, and reduces adhesion of C albicans to human buccal epithelial cells for up to 8 weeks posttreatment in diabetic patients with oral candidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Willis
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Ireland.
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Lamey PJ, Murray BM, Eddie SA, Freeman RE. The secretion of parotid saliva as stimulated by 10% citric acid is not related to precipitating factors in burning mouth syndrome. J Oral Pathol Med 2001; 30:121-4. [PMID: 11168857 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.300209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is known to have multiple precipitating factors and exists in various clinical subtypes. If salivary gland function was compromised in BMS it could help explain the link with diverse precipitating factors. This study quantified stimulated right and left parotid flow rates (SPFR) in 114 patients with BMS. It also attempted to correlate SPFR with haematinic parameters, oral candidal carriage, concurrent drug therapy and BMS subtype. No relationship was found between haematinic parameters and SPFR nor between SPFR and oral candidal carriage. Patients with Type 2 BMS had a significant reduction in SPFR. Antidepressant medication was associated with reduced SPFR but there was no such association with either tranquillisers or hypnotics. These results provide evidence of reduced parotid gland function in Type 2 BMS and a role for antidepressant medication in reducing SPFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lamey
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, The Queen's University of Belfast, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Northern Ireland
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and severity of post-operative pain and use of analgesics following biopsy of oral mucosal lesions. DESIGN A patient survey using a self-completed pain diary. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy-six patients attending an oral medicine clinic for investigation of oral mucosal disease recorded overall and worst pain experiences and analgesic usage over 7 post-operative days following biopsy using visual analogue scales in patient completed diaries. RESULTS One third of patients reported no post-operative pain on any day. Most patients recorded no pain or mild pain. The percentage experiencing pain dropped from the first day (61%) to the seventh day (21%). Most patients did not use any analgesics. Analgesic use was not related to the presence of pain. Only a small minority of patients recorded severe pain. CONCLUSION Biopsy of oral mucosal lesions does not cause undue pain in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kearns
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the masticatory muscle volume, bite force, and craniofacial morphology of migrainous subjects with age- and sex-matched controls. Ten adult dentate migraineurs were matched with 10 dentate age- and sex-matched controls. The groups consisted of nine women and one man (mean age, 43 years; range, 29 to 51 years). Volumetric analysis of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles was performed using magnetic resonance imaging. Craniofacial morphology was analyzed from standard cephalometric radiographs using 30 angular and linear variables. Recordings of bite force were made using a strain gauge transducer. There was a significant difference in the volume of both masseter and medial pterygoid muscles between the two subject groups (P<.0001), with the muscles of the migraineurs nearly 70% larger. The migraineurs recorded significantly higher maximal bite forces (P<.0001) than did the controls. No significant differences for any craniofacial morphological measurement were demonstrated between the two groups. It was concluded that the migraineurs had larger masseter and medial pterygoid muscle volumes, and greater bite forces than the controls, which could not be explained by any change in craniofacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lamey
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, The Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BP, Northern Ireland, UK
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23
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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyse how the protein composition of the inflammatory exudate associated with chronic periodontitis differed from the exudate in periodontal health. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from sites with chronic periodontal inflammation and from non-diseased sites in healthy control subjects. Microbore HPLC analysis revealed one major difference in GCF protein profiles between healthy controls and periodontitis patients. The protein enhanced in periodontitis patients was identified as migration inhibitory factor-related protein-8 (MRP-8) by a combination of N-terminal amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, and SDS-PAGE. Together, these data demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of monomeric MRP-8 in an inflammatory exudate. Whether monomeric MRP-8 is a unique feature of chronic periodontal inflammation is not yet clear, but the chemotactic properties of this peptide support a functional role for MRP-8 in periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lundy
- School of Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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24
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McGimpsey JG, Vaidya A, Biagioni PA, Lamey PJ. Role of thermography in the assessment of infraorbital nerve injury after malar fractures. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 38:581-584. [PMID: 11092769 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.2000.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied 45 patients with malar fractures who had some degree of infraorbital nerve deficit. Thermographic facial images failed to show any substantial changes in the temperature profiles of the affected and the normal control sides in relation to reco very of their facial sensation. Although some patients who had thermography on the day of injury showed significant temperature differences between the affected and the normal sides, these differences were probably the result of the acute inflammatory ch anges caused by the injury. We suggest that infrared thermography has little place in the assessment of infraorbital nerve deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G McGimpsey
- Professor of Dental Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, The Queen's University of Belfast, School of Dentistry, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare absolute and proportional electromyography (EMG) levels in the masseter and temporalis muscles during performance of a variety of oral functions for migraineurs and age- and sex-matched controls. Both groups consisted of nine women and one man, with a mean age of 43 years (range, 29 to 51 years). Absolute resting EMG levels and those levels during swallowing and speech were not significantly different between the groups, but the levels of the group with migraine were significantly higher during maximum voluntary effort contractions on the anterior teeth and on the posterior teeth for both muscles. When expressed as a percentage of those levels obtained at maximal posterior contraction (ie, proportional levels), no difference in functional activity was demonstrated between groups. It was concluded that the two groups studied had similar levels of EMG activity in the masseter and temporalis muscles during the normal oral functions investigated, but that the group with migraine had higher levels of absolute EMG activity during anterior and posterior maximum voluntary contractions. Furthermore, the group with migraine demonstrated higher levels of anterior and posterior bite force, although not correlated with EMG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Burnett
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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26
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Kells BE, Kennedy JG, Biagioni PA, Lamey PJ. Computerized infrared thermographic imaging and pulpal blood flow: Part 1. A protocol for thermal imaging of human teeth. Int Endod J 2000; 33:442-7. [PMID: 11307463 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To observe the thermographic appearance of teeth and to develop a suitable protocol for imaging teeth in human subjects using modern thermographic imaging (TI) equipment in a thermologically controlled environment. METHODOLOGY The emissivity of enamel was investigated using an extracted incisor tooth. A total of 12 unrestored maxillary lateral incisors in six healthy patients were then imaged under rubber dam after a 20-min equilibration period and the thermographic data analysed using a dedicated software package. Recordings were made from standardized gingival and incisal sites on each tooth and the temperature gradient established for each tooth. Subsequently, a sequence of images of both maxillary central incisors in one patient was stored every 30 s during a 20-min equilibration period with and without an air-conditioning unit in operation. RESULTS For the lateral incisors there was a consistent temperature gradient (mean 1.28 degrees C) from gingival area to incisal area and there were no statistically significant differences between right and left sides for the gingival site (t = 0.34, NS) or the incisal site (t = 0.62, NS). The air-conditioning unit had a rapid and profound cooling effect. With the air-conditioning disabled there was a mean tooth surface temperature increase of 1.1 degrees C from 0 to 5 min of the equilibration period and 0.3 degree C from 15 to 20 min. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in gingival or incisal temperatures between pairs of contralateral maxillary lateral incisors and a consistent temperature gradient existed from gingival to incisal areas of healthy maxillary lateral incisor teeth. The protocol described is suitable for TI of vital teeth. However, TI measured tooth surface temperature only which was extremely sensitive to air currents. A 15-min acclimatization period under rubber dam was adequate to allow stable tooth surface temperature measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Kells
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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27
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Kells BE, Kennedy JG, Biagioni PA, Lamey PJ. Computerized infrared thermographic imaging and pulpal blood flow: Part 2. Rewarming of healthy human teeth following a controlled cold stimulus. Int Endod J 2000; 33:448-62. [PMID: 11307464 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the rewarming pattern and rewarming rate of clinically healthy teeth following a controlled cold stimulus using TI techniques. METHODOLOGY A controlled cold stimulus was developed using an air stream at 20 degrees C. Gingival and incisal sites on 12 healthy maxillary lateral incisors in six patients were imaged under rubber dam following 20 s cooling. Images were captured at 10 s intervals during a 3-min rewarming period and the data used to construct graphs of the rewarming rate. Log transformation of the data was used to produce 'best fit' straight line graphs. Linear regression analysis was used to examine three variables, viz. the side of the mouth (right or left), the site of measurement (gingival or incisal) and the phase of rewarming (early 0-90 s, late 91-180 s). RESULTS The mean temperature change (delta t degree C) during rewarming was 8.5 degrees C (SD 1.0 degree C) for gingival sites and 7.2 degrees C (SD 1.1 degrees C) for incisal sites. The slope of the 'best fit' straight line data enabled a rewarming index to be calculated for each site on each tooth. Linear regression analysis showed that the phase of rewarming was highly significant but the other variables were not. A one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between or within groups. CONCLUSIONS Three min is an appropriate time to record rewarming of teeth cooled for 20 s with an airstream at 20 degrees C. The side or site used to record surface temperatures using this technique is not significant. Rewarming is exponential and log transformation of the data produces a well-fitting straight line graph. The slope of this line provides a rewarming index which should enable comparison of TI and laser Doppler flowmetry in determining pulpal blood flow as a measure of tooth vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Kells
- School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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28
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McAlinden RL, Maxwell P, Napier S, Hamilton P, Cowan CG, Lundy FT, Lamey PJ, Marley JJ. Bcl-2 expression in sequential biopsies of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions assessed by immunocytochemistry. Oral Dis 2000; 6:318-26. [PMID: 11002415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine, for the first time Bcl-2 expression in sequential (autogenous) oral mucosal biopsies taken from the same sites in a gender, risk-factor matched, Caucasoid sample, over a 21-year period. DESIGN Retrospective immunocytochemical longitudinal study of archival serial biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computer records were used to identify biopsy specimens derived from 12 patients. These were divided into four groups: (1) Histologically innocuous lesions which remained histologically innocuous. (2) Dysplastic lesions which remained dysplastic. (3) Histologically innocuous lesions which later progressed to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (4) Dysplastic lesions which later progressed to SCC. This represented 65 biopsies in total. Bcl-2 expression was studied using mouse antihuman BCL-2 oncoprotein clone 124 (Dako, Denmark). RESULTS Generally, there was a lack of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in the epithelium, with one exception in dysplastic epithelium from a group (3) patient. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that in our series, Bcl-2 is not expressed early in oral premalignant lesions and appears to contradict previous reports. Possible explanations for this disparity are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L McAlinden
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Group of Hospitals, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast BT12 6BP
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29
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Lundy FT, Salmon AL, Lamey PJ, Shaw C, Linden GJ. Carboxypeptidase-mediated metabolism of calcitonin gene-related peptide in human gingival crevicular fluid--a rôle in periodontal inflammation? J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27:499-505. [PMID: 10914891 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027007499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolism by peptidases plays an important rôle in modulating the levels of biologically-active neuropeptides. The metabolism of the anti-inflammatory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (GCRP), but not the pro-inflammatory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) by components of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), could potentiate the inflammatory process in periodontitis. AIMS To characterise the extracellular hydrolysis of CGRP as a mechanism for the selective inactivation of this neuropeptide in GCF from periodontitis sites. METHODS Samples of GCF from periodontitis patients and periodontally-healthy subjects were incubated with synthetic human SP, NKA or CGRP. Reaction between the GCF constituents and synthetic peptides was allowed to progress from 0-180 min. Results of neuropeptide metabolism at each time were analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. RESULTS There was no evidence of metabolism of SP, NKA or CGRP by constituents of healthy GCF. Metabolism of synthetic SP and NKA was minimal even after extensive incubation with periodontitis GCF. However, loss of carboxy-terminal amino acids was evident after only 1 min incubation with periodontitis GCF. The pattern of CGRP metabolism, which proceeded from the C-terminus, indicated that the neuropeptide was degraded by a carboxypeptidase. After 180 min, there was extensive carboxypeptidase degradation of CGRP to an 11 amino acid peptide. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that carboxypeptidase activity in GCF from periodontitis patients is responsible for rapid breakdown of CGRP but not SP or NKA. The rapid action of this carboxypeptidase on the anti-inflammatory neuropeptide CGRP is suggestive of a pathophysiological rôle for the enzyme in selectively degrading CGRP, thereby potentiating periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lundy
- Division of Restorative Dentistry (Periodontics), School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
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30
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Lundy FT, Mullally BH, Burden DJ, Lamey PJ, Shaw C, Linden GJ. Changes in substance P and neurokinin A in gingival crevicular fluid in response to periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27:526-30. [PMID: 10914895 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027007526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of periodontitis provides a unique model for assessing the involvement of neuropeptides in inflammatory disease. AIM To investigate the effects of periodontal treatment, resulting in a return to periodontal health, on the levels of substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). METHOD We completed a cause of non-surgical treatment for 8 subjects with periodontitis (6 females 2 males, mean age 45.1, range 38-67 years) started a course of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Clinical indices were measured at 2 periodontitis sites at the initial visit and at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment in each subject. A 30-s sample of GCF was collected from each test site using perio paper strips. Each strip was placed into 500 microl of ice cold 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, vortex mixed for 30 s, and then stored at -70 degrees C until analysed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The clinical condition of all test sites improved as a result of the periodontal treatment. The levels (pg/30 s sample) of SP fell from 56.3 (SD 66.0) at the initial visit to 4.2 (3.1) after treatment, p=0.017. The concentration (pg/microl) of SP in GCF fell from 140.6 (175.6) to 24.2 (11.1), p=0.036. The levels of NKA fell from 30.5 (17.1) to 10.6 (4.9), p=0.012 whereas the concentration changed little from 85.4 (43.5) to 61.6 (15.1), p=0.41. CONCLUSION The reduction in inflammation resulting from effective periodontal treatment is associated with a reduction in the levels of tachykinins in gingival crevicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lundy
- Division of Restorative Dentistry (Periodontics), School of Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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31
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Mc Cullagh JJ, Setchell DJ, Gulabivala K, Hussey DL, Biagioni P, Lamey PJ, Bailey G. A comparison of thermocouple and infrared thermographic analysis of temperature rise on the root surface during the continuous wave of condensation technique. Int Endod J 2000; 33:326-32. [PMID: 11307207 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to use two methods of temperature measurement to analyse and quantify the in vitro root surface temperature changes during the initial stage of the continuous wave technique of obturation of 17 single-rooted premolar teeth with standard canal preparations. METHODOLOGY A model was designed to allow simultaneous temperature measurement with both thermocouples and an infrared thermal imaging system. Two thermocouples were placed on the root surface, one coronally and the other near the root apex. A series of thermal images were recorded by an infrared thermal imaging camera during the downpack procedure. RESULTS The mean temperature rises on the root surface, as measured by the two thermocouples, averaged 13.9 degrees C over the period of study, whilst the infrared thermal imaging system measured an average rise of 28.4 degrees C at the same sites. Temperatures at the more apical point were higher than those measured coronally. After the first wave of condensation, the second activation of the plugger in the canal prior to its removal always resulted in a secondary rise in temperature. The thermal imaging system detected areas of greater temperature change distant from the two selected thermocouple sites. CONCLUSIONS The continuous wave technique of obturation may result in high temperatures on the external root surface. Infrared thermography is a useful device for mapping patterns of temperature change over a large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mc Cullagh
- Conservation Department, Eastman Dental Hospital, 256 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, England, UK.
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Willis A, Hyland P, Lamey PJ. Response to replacement iron therapy in sideropenic individuals with recrudescent herpes labialis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19:355-7. [PMID: 10898136 DOI: 10.1007/s100960050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of iron replacement on the incidence of recurrent herpes labialis and serum ferritin levels in patients with sideropenia. Ten patients with diagnosed sideropenia and a history of recrudescent herpes labialis were prescribed ferrous sulphate for a period of 3 months. Patients were questioned on the number of episodes of recrudescent herpes labialis that developed per month before treatment and the number of episodes of recrudescent herpes labialis that developed per month after the commencement of replacement iron therapy and during the follow-up period. All blood samples were collected by venipuncture for assay of ferritin levels. Serum ferritin levels were significantly increased compared to pretreatment levels (P<0.05). The number of monthly episodes of recrudescent herpes labialis was reduced from 0.78 to 0.2 episodes per month following treatment (P<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that iron replacement therapy should be further studied as a treatment option in sideropenic individuals with frequent recurrences of recrudescent herpes labialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Willis
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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Willis AM, Coulter WA, Hayes JR, Bell P, Lamey PJ. Factors affecting the adhesion of Candida albicans to epithelial cells of insulin-using diabetes mellitus patients. J Med Microbiol 2000; 49:291-293. [PMID: 10707950 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-3-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the carbon source of the growth medium, strains of Candida albicans and source of epithelial cells, and the influence of smoking and gender, on the adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial cells from insulin-using diabetic patients. Adhesion was determined by an autologous adhesion assay with exfoliated buccal or palatal epithelial cells and one strain of C. albicans isolated from each patient. The type strain CBS 562 was also used. Glucose or sucrose were used as the predominant carbon sources of the growth medium. The autologous strain of C. albicans adhered selectively to the oral mucosa of diabetic patients. Palatal epithelial cells retained significantly more C. albicans in vivo and adhesion was influenced by the availability of sugars in the growth medium and the strain of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W A Coulter
- School of Dentistry and *Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, †School of Clinical Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast and ‡Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J R Hayes
- School of Dentistry and *Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, †School of Clinical Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast and ‡Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - P Bell
- School of Dentistry and *Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, †School of Clinical Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast and ‡Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
The identification of the novel candidal species, C. dubliniensis, from oral swab studies of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative individuals has led to speculation that such a species may also reside in the oral cavity of other patient groups. In this study involvement of the newly described species, C. dubliniensis, was investigated in oral carriage and disease in 414 insulin-using diabetes mellitus patients. Seventy-seven percent of the diabetic patients carried candidal species in the oral cavity. C. albicans was the most commonly identified candidal species. This was followed by C. dubliniensis, which was isolated on 64 occasions. Colonisation with multiple candidal species was common, and C. dubliniensis was present in both carriage and disease states. Seven patients without signs of oral disease had C. dubliniensis isolated as the sole candidal species, while the same species was associated with various forms of oral candidosis in six patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Willis
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
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35
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Awawdeh L, Lundy FT, Shaw C, Lamey PJ, Linden GJ, Kennedy JG. A comparison of four extraction methods for substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide from human dental pulp tissue. Arch Oral Biol 1999; 44:999-1004. [PMID: 10669077 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(99)00102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Measuring neuropeptides in biological tissues by radioimmunoassay requires efficient extraction that maintains their immunoreactivity. Many different methods for extraction have been described, but there is little information on optimal extraction methods for individual neuropeptides from human dental pulp tissue. The aim was therefore to identify an effective extraction procedure for three pulpal neuropeptides; substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Tissue was obtained from 20 pulps taken from teeth freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons. The pulp samples were divided into four equal groups and different extraction methods were used for each group. Boiling whole pulp in acetic acid gave the highest overall yield and, in addition, offered an easy and rapid means of pulp tissue processing. The use of protease inhibitors did not increase the recovery of the immunoreactive neuropeptides but did provide the best combination of maximal recoveries and minimal variability. These results should be useful for planning the extraction of these neuropeptides from human pulp tissue in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Awawdeh
- School of Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland, UK
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36
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of burning mouth (BM) in a population of Parkinson's Disease (PD) sufferers and also to assess the use of pain profiles in identifying the type of burning sensation experienced. DESIGN Subjects were surveyed by means of a one shot postal questionnaire for which ethical approval had previously been granted. Anonymity was guaranteed and therefore no attempt was made to follow up non-respondents. MAIN OUTCOME BM was reported by 24% of respondents. The pain profiles were completed by 17 BM sufferers. CONCLUSION Burning mouth is reported to occur in 24% of PD sufferers which is 5 times greater than that of the general population. The reason for this is uncertain but the result has implications for the future care of PD patients and indicates the need for increased dental input at PD outpatient clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Clifford
- Pain Relief Foundation (NI), School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, UK.
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Abstract
The antioxidant status of an individual is thought to be important in the development of potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To date, little detailed information on mucosal antioxidant status is available in a United Kingdom population and neither has the relationship between smoking and mucosal antioxidant status been established. Furthermore, it has been implied that serum levels of antioxidants and tissue levels in the oral mucosa should be equivalent, but that is unproven. To address these deficiencies in our knowledge we studied 60 individuals, all of whom had an oral mucosal biopsy and simultaneous venous blood sampling. Antioxidant levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Smokers (n= 19) were found to have significantly lower levels of plasma beta-carotene (P<0.05) and significantly lower levels of tissue alpha-carotene (P<0.05) than non-smokers (n=41). Tissue alpha-carotene correlated with plasma levels, but this was not the case with alpha-tocopherol, retinol, lycopene or beta-carotene. This is the first data on oral mucosal antioxidant levels and provides baseline data from which to study patients with potentially malignant oral lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Cowan
- School of Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Northern Ireland
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38
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate candidal load and carriage of candidal species in 414 insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients with and without clinical signs of infection. Host factors that could influence candidal load in diabetic patients with oral candidosis were also investigated. METHODS Candidal species were recovered from 414 insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients attending two hospital diabetic clinics, using an oral rinse technique. RESULTS Seventy-seven per cent of diabetic patients carried Candida species in their oral cavity, with C. albicans being the species most frequently isolated. C. dubliniensis was found for the first time in this patient group. Forty per cent of patients colonized with candidal species had no clinical signs of oral candidosis. Where oral candidosis was present, erythematous candidosis was the most common clinical presentation. Candidal load was not associated with age, sex or glycaemic control. However, it was significantly increased in those patients who were tobacco smokers, and non-significantly increased in those patients who wore dentures, or who had clinical signs of oral candidosis. CONCLUSION The epidemiology of oral candidal carriage and infections in diabetic patients is complex and includes species which have not been previously reported in this group of patients. The development of oral candidosis in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients is not the result of a single entity, but rather, a combination of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Willis
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, UK
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McKenna BE, Lamey PJ, Kennedy JG, Bateson J. Minocycline-induced staining of the adult permanent dentition: a review of the literature and report of a case. Dent Update 1999; 26:160-2. [PMID: 10765767 DOI: 10.12968/denu.1999.26.4.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tetracycline staining of teeth during tooth development is well documented. We report here the rarer condition of tetracycline staining of adult teeth. This occurrence appears to involve enamel surface demineralization/remineralization and can produce staining clinically indistinguishable from that occurring during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E McKenna
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast
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40
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Abstract
This study used modern thermal imaging techniques to investigate the temperature rise induced at the pulpal well during thermal debonding of ceramic brackets. Ceramic brackets were debonded from vertically sectioned premolar teeth using an electrothermal debonding unit. Ten teeth were debonded at the end of a single 3-second heating cycle. For a further group of 10 teeth, the bracket and heating element were left in contact with the tooth during the 3-second heating cycle and the 6-second cooling cycle. The average pulpal wall temperature increase for the teeth debonded at the end of the 3-second heating cycle was 16.8 degrees C. When the heating element and bracket remained in contact with the tooth during the 6-second cooling cycle an average temperature increase of 45.6 degrees C was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cummings
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
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41
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Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was present in gingival crevicular fluid in both periodontal health and disease and to study the relationship with periodontal inflammation. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from a healthy, a gingivitis and a periodontitis site in 18 subjects with periodontitis and from a healthy site in 19 subjects without periodontitis. The volume of GCF was measured and each sample subsequently analysed for CGRP by radioimmunoassay. In subjects with periodontitis, CGRP immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR) was not detected in any periodontitis sites, nor in 67% of gingivitis and 28% of periodontally-healthy sites. The total amount of CGRP-IR was significantly elevated in periodontally healthy (p=0.0015) and gingivitis (p=0.027) compared with periodontitis sites. CGRP-IR was present in 89% of the healthy sites sampled in control subjects at comparable levels to those in healthy sites in periodontitis subjects. It is concluded that in periodontal inflammation, particularly in deep pockets, constituents of GCF process and degrade CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lundy
- Division of Restorative Dentistry (Periodontics), School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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McCullagh P, Setchell DJ, Nesbit M, Biagioni PA, Lamey PJ. Infrared thermographic analysis of temperature rise on implant surfaces: a pilot study on abutment preparation. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1998; 10:1163-6, 1167. [PMID: 10093561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Marley JJ, Linden GJ, Cowan CG, Lamey PJ, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya KA, Scully C. A comparison of the management of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions by oral medicine practitioners and oral & maxillofacial surgeons in the UK. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27:489-95. [PMID: 9831962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the results of a survey undertaken to assess the management of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions by oral medicine practitioners and compares their approach with that of oral & maxillofacial surgeons that we have previously described. Significant differences were noted between the two groups in the use of photography to document the lesions and in the use of certain special investigations, which included measurement of serum iron, serum ferritin, serum Vit B12, red cell folate and candidal isolation. The groups also varied in the perceived importance of the age of the patient and anatomical site of the lesion when deciding on the need for further biopsy. There was also significant variation in the use of certain treatment modalities, including excising non-dysplastic and severely dysplastic/carcinoma in-situ lesions and eliminating trauma when treating mild/moderately dysplastic and severely dysplastic/carcinoma in-situ lesions. Significant differences in the frequency and duration of follow-up were noted for non-dysplastic lesions. Finally, the two groups differed significantly when asked to rank the perceived importance of certain factors (the histopathology of the most recent biopsy and the anatomical site of the lesion) when deciding the need to follow-up. Possible reasons for the variation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Marley
- The Queen's University of Belfast, School of Clinical Dentistry, N. Ireland, UK
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44
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Abstract
Four patients, three women and one man, with a mean age of 32 years, presented with a history of recurrent parotid swelling. In the women the swelling was unilateral. All had previously undergone sialography using a hand injection technique and no structural abnormality was demonstrated. Sialography was repeated using a continuous-infusion pressure-monitored system. In all cases an initial very high filling pressure (>200 mmHg) was recorded followed by a rapid reduction in pressure and a more normal filling pressure pattern. The duct system and glands all appeared morphologically normal. Treatment with acrylic appliance therapy and an intraductal catheter was attempted with some success.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lamey
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, N. Ireland, UK
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Lamey PJ. Burning mouth syndrome: approach to successful management. Dent Update 1998; 25:298-300. [PMID: 10478025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome is a fairly common condition. Contrary to popular belief, its management is successful in about 70% of cases--provided a structured protocol based on scientific evidence is adopted. Specialist advice must be sought in some cases, but many patients can be successfully treated in the primary care environment.
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47
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McCartan B, Lamey PJ. Antibodies in oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 85:493-4. [PMID: 9619661 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
White sponge naevus is a rare benign inherited disorder of the mucous membranes, principally the oral mucosa. Although the condition is painless, patients are often symptomatic, complaining of an altered texture of the mucosa or that the lesions are unaesthetic. No standard treatment for the condition exists although numerous treatments have been tried. We now report on six patients who were prescribed systemic antibiotic therapy; three were adult men aged 24 years, 32 years, and 52 years, one an 11-year-old woman, one a 6-year-old woman (daughter of the 32-year-old man) and an 18-month-old boy (son of the 24-year-old man). Four responded as judged by clinical examination, although not the 6-year-old female or the 18-month-old male; the discontinuation of therapy then resulted in clinical recurrence in those who had responded, but long-term low dose treatment maintained the remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lamey
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
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49
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Biagioni PA, Lamey PJ. Acyclovir cream prevents clinical and thermographic progression of recrudescent herpes labialis beyond the prodromal stage. Acta Derm Venereol 1998; 78:46-7. [PMID: 9498027 DOI: 10.1080/00015559850135832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early treatment of recrudescent herpes labialis over the symptomatic area has been claimed to inhibit the clinical signs of recrudescent herpes labialis. Electronic infrared thermography can both recognise the prodromal phase and identify the area requiring drug therapy. Our objective was to use infrared thermography to identify prodromal herpes and follow the response to topical acyclovir cream therapy over the thermographically active area. Seventy instances of prodromal cold sores were confirmed thermographically. Zovirax cold sore cream (acyclovir) was applied 5 times per day for 5 days to the thermographically positive area. All returned after 72 h for a further thermographic and clinical examination of the initially active area. All 70 patients illustrated a localised increase in temperature over the symptomatic area during the prodromal stage. The development of a clinical herpes lesion was prevented in 46% of the patients. In the lesions that did develop, an 80% reduction in clinical lesion size was observed in 82% of the subjects. The remaining 18% showed a reduction in healing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Biagioni
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University of Belfast, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We report six cases of recrudescent intraoral herpes simplex infection clinically indistinguishable from primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. All infections occurred in healthy children or young adults. Serological analysis demonstrated herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific IgG at initial presentation, indicating that the infection was not a primary infection. Convalescent sera exhibited HSV-specific IgM and a rising HSV-specific IgG titre. These findings demonstrate that the initial clinical diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis was erroneous and that what was actually being observed was widespread recrudescent intraoral herpes simplex infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Christie
- Regional Virus Laboratory, The Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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