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Verma PK, Devaprasad M, Dave J, Meena R, Bhowmik H, Tripathi SN, Rastogi N. Summertime oxidative potential of atmospheric PM 2.5 over New Delhi: Effect of aerosol ageing. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170984. [PMID: 38365025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations in ambient air has become a major health concern over urban areas worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to ambient PM (termed as their oxidative potential, OP) is shown to play a major role in PM-induced health effects. In the present study, the OP of the ambient PM2.5 samples, collected during summer 2019 from New Delhi, were measured using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Average volume-normalized OP (OPV) was 2.9 ± 1.1 nmol DTT min-1 m-3, and mass-normalized OP (OPm) was 61 ± 29 pmol DTT min-1 μg-1. The regression statistics of OPv vs chemical species show the maximum slope of OPV with the elemental carbon (EC, r2 = 0.72) followed by water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC, r2 = 0.72), and organic carbon (OC, r2 = 0.64). A strong positive correlation between OPm and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA, such as NH4+ and NO3- mass fractions) was also observed, indicating that the sources emitting NO2 and NH3, precursors of NO3- and NH4+, also emit DTT-active species. Interestingly, the slope value of OPv vs OC for aged aerosols (OM/OC > 1.7, f44 > 0.12 and f43 < 0.04) was 1.7 times higher than relatively fresh organic aerosols (OA, OM/OC < 1.7, f44 < 0.12, f43 > 0.04). An increase in OPv and OPoc with f44 indicates the formation of more DTT active species with the ageing of OA. A linear increase in OPoc with increasing Nitrogen/Carbon (N/C) ratio suggests that nitrogenous OA have higher OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
| | - M Devaprasad
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India; Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - J Dave
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - R Meena
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - H Bhowmik
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - S N Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - N Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
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2
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Pant R, Verma PK, Rangi C, Mondal E, Bhati M, Srinivasan V, Wüster S. Universal Measure for the Impact of Adiabaticity on Quantum Transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:126903. [PMID: 38579224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.126903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Adiabaticity is crucial for our understanding of complex quantum dynamics and thus for advancing fundamental physics and technology, but its impact cannot yet be quantified in complex but common cases where dynamics is only partially adiabatic, several eigenstates are simultaneously populated and transitions between noneigenstates are of key interest. We construct a universally applicable measure that can quantify the adiabaticity of quantum transitions in an arbitrary basis. Our measure distinguishes transitions that occur due to the adiabatic change of populated system eigenstates from transitions that occur due to beating between several eigenstates and can handle nonadiabatic events. While all quantum dynamics fall within the scope of the measure, we demonstrate its usage and utility through two important material science problems-energy and charge transfer-where adiabaticity could be effected by nuclear motion and its quantification will aid not only in unraveling mechanisms but also in system design, for example, of light harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pant
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - P K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - C Rangi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - E Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - M Bhati
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - V Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - S Wüster
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
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Kumar A, Srivastava AK, Mishra S, Bhaisora KS, Das KK, Verma PK, Jaiswal AK, Behari S. Looking Beyond the Anterolateral Skull Base with Frontotemporal Dural Fold Unlocking and Extradural Clinoidectomy: A Series of 17 Cases Deciphering the Translation from a Cadaver to Real, and Real to Pathologically Distorted Anatomy. Neurol India 2023; 71:312-319. [PMID: 37148059 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.375404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This article aims to discuss the surgical nuances and major adjustments necessary in unlocking the frontotemporal dural fold (FTDF) and extradural anterior clinoidectomy (EDAC) in actual cases, allowing translation from the cadaveric to a clinical scenario. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the technical details of 17 procedures over 8 years, where both the initial steps (FTDF unlocking and EDAC) were performed. Lesions involving or extending to the anterolateral skull base, like the suprasellar cistern, optico-carotid cistern, interpeduncular cistern, petrous apex, and cavernous sinus, were included. The clinical data of the patients were retrieved retrospectively from the hospital information system (HIS) and in-patient records. This study was approved as a multicenter individual project with IEC No: 2020-342-IP-EXP-34. Results An illustrated note of the common steps and outcome of the 17 procedures of unlocking the FTDF and EDAC done is presented. The technique provided adequate exposure in performing aneurysmal clipping (posterior communicating artery [P. com], basilar top, and superior hypophyseal artery [SHA] aneurysm), giant pituitary adenoma (Wilson Hardy grade 4E, n = 2), fifth nerve schwannoma (n = 4), right Meckel's cave melanoma, cavernous hemangioma (n = 4), petroclival meningioma (n = 2), and clival chordoma. Temporary and permanent cranial nerve palsy as a procedure-related complication was seen in 11.8% (n = 2) each. Complete excision was achieved in 13 (n = 13/14) patients with tumors. Conclusion FTDF unlocking and EDAC are elegant procedures providing reasonable access to the anterolateral skull base for myriad pathologies. Brain bulge, cavernous sinus bleeding, and losing the plane of dural duplication were significant challenges in switching from cadaveric to a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shashwat Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kuntal K Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma P, Verma PK, Sood S, Singh R, Gupta A, Rastogi A. Distribution of Fluoride in Plasma, Brain, and Bones and Associated Oxidative Damage After Induced Chronic Fluorosis in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1710-1721. [PMID: 34128210 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to determine fluoride levels in plasma, brain, and bones of Wistar rats following chronic administration of fluoride at different dose levels and the consequent oxidative damage inflicted in these tissues. Brain histomorphology and bone radiographs were also evaluated to assess the extent of damage in these organs. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. Group I served as control and groups II and III received 50 and 100 ppm fluoride in tap water, respectively for 180 days. A dose-dependent rise in the levels of fluoride in plasma, brain, and bones was observed in rats. Significant (P < 0.05) alterations in levels of total thiols, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, lipids, as well as protein peroxidation in blood and brain were observed as compared to control in a dose-dependent manner. Radiological examination of bone revealed thinning of bone cortex with haphazard ossification, reduced bone density, and widening of marrow cavity indicating occurrence of flawed bone remodeling upon chronic fluoride exposure. Improper mineralization in bones of intoxicated rats indirectly reflected reduced bone tensile strength. Moreover, alterations in plasma Ca:P ratio and high levels of fluoride in bone ash indicated that chronic fluoride exposure leads to alterations in the bone matrix further corroborating the radio-graphical findings. Additionally, severe microscopic alterations were recorded in the cerebrum and cerebellum of treated rats which included neuronal necrosis, gliosis, spongiosis, perivascular cuffing, congestion, and hemorrhage which correlated well with oxidative changes induced by fluoride intoxication in the brain tissue of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, Ranbir Singh Pura, 181102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pawan K Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, Ranbir Singh Pura, 181102, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, Ranbir Singh Pura, 181102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rajiv Singh
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, Ranbir Singh Pura, 181102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, Ranbir Singh Pura, 181102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Division of Veterinary Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-J, Ranbir Singh Pura, 181102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Raiyani V, Singh S, Sardhara J, Mehrotra A, Mani V, Paliwal VK, Pal L, Kumar A, Dikshit P, Maurya VP, Verma PK, Behari S. Seizure Outcome after Lesionectomy With or Without Concomitant Anteromedial Temporal Lobectomy for Low-Grade Gliomas of the Medial Temporal Lobe. Asian J Neurosurg 2021; 16:518-524. [PMID: 34660363 PMCID: PMC8477827 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_496_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy attributed to low-grade glioma is known for intractable seizures and choice of surgery range from lesionectomy (Lo) to lesionectomy with anteromesial temporal resection (L0 + AMTR) is still debatable. We intend to analyze the seizure outcome after lesionectomy alone or with AMTR. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective analyses of patients operated for medial low-grade temporal lobe tumors with seizures were included in the study. Preoperative records include video-electroencephalographic, magnetic resonance imaging (epilepsy protocol), and neuropsychological evaluation for language, memory, and dominance were assessed. Two groups (Lo [Group I] and Lo + AMTR [Group II]) were assessed after surgery by the international league against epilepsy (ILAE) seizure outcome scale. Results: A total of 39 patients underwent Lo (n = 20) and Lo + AMTR (n = 19) with a mean age of 26.92 ± 12.96 months, and mean duration of seizures was 36.87 46.76 months. A total of 23 patients had long-term intractable seizures for >1 year despite >2 drugs(Group I [n = 10], Group II [n = 13]); remaining 16 had frequent seizures of <1-year duration. In the postoperative period, on a mean follow-up of 49.72 ± 34.10 months, the ILAE outcome scale shown a significant difference (P = 0.05) in seizure outcome between two groups. Four (40%) patients out of 10 having refractory seizures in Group I and 8 (80%) from the Group II out of 10 patients could achieved ILAE Class 1 outcome after surgery. Histopathology analysis includes low-grade astrocytoma (n = 29) and in two patients there were associated CA1 neuronal loss in hippocampus, one patient had mesial temporal sclerosis from Group II attributed to its intractability in seizures. Conclusion: For the mesial temporal low-grade glioma presenting with seizures, the seizure outcome by lesionectomy with AMTR is superior than lesionectomy only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandan Raiyani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebarelly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayesh Sardhara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinita Mani
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vimal K Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lily Pal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyadarshi Dikshit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Verma PK, Singh A, Dikshit P, Das KK, Mehrotra A, Jaiswal S, Behari S, Jaiswal AK. Endoscopic Keyhole Approach for Intracranial Epidermoid. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2021; 12:614-622. [PMID: 34737493 PMCID: PMC8559065 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In contemporary neurosurgical practice, keyhole endoscopic approach has established its role in various neurosurgical pathologies. Intracranial epidermoid is an ideal pathology for endoscopic keyhole approach as epidermoid is well encapsulated, extra-axial, avascular, and easily suckable. The objective of this study is to share our experience of endoscopic keyhole approach for intracranial epidermoids at various locations as a new minimally invasive neurosurgical approach to deal with these lesions. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 26 patients who underwent keyhole pure endoscopic excision of intracranial epidermoid between July 2015 and December 2019. Patient's demographics, clinical features, radiological imaging, and postoperative complications were noted. Follow-up outcome of preoperative symptoms and postoperative complications were also analyzed. Results The mean age of the study population was 30.5 years with a mean follow-up of 30 months. The common presenting features were headache, hearing loss, and trigeminal neuralgic pain. Gross total resection was achieved in 73.1% cases, while near total resection and subtotal resection were achieved in 19.2 and 7.7% cases, respectively. In the follow-up, maximal improvement was seen in trigeminal neuralgic pain (83%) and headache (66.7%). Major postoperative complications were facial nerve paresis, lower cranial nerve paresis, and transient facial hypoesthesia, most of which improved over time. None of the patients required resurgery till date. Statistical Analysis Patients' data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, IBM, Chicago, United States). Conclusion This study demonstrates that with careful patient selection, endoscopic keyhole excision of epidermoid is a good alternative to conventional microsurgical excision with comparable surgical and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K. Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amanjot Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyadarshi Dikshit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuntal Kanti Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushila Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh K. Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma P, Verma PK, Sood S, Pankaj NK, Agarwal S, Raina R. Neuroprotective potential of hydroethanolic hull extract of Juglans regia L. on isoprenaline induced oxidative damage in brain of Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:223-229. [PMID: 33520664 PMCID: PMC7820311 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at assessing isoprenaline (ISO) induced oxidative damage in brain of Wistar rats and its protection by hydroethanolic hull extract of Juglans regia. Administration of ISO significantly increases catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels and significantly reduced activities of antioxidant status (TAS), total thiols (TTH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), arylesterase (AE), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in rat brain. Histopathologically, neuronal degeneration, spongiosis and gliosis were seen in cerebral cortex after ISO administration. Pretreatment with hull extract restored TAS, TTH, AChE, CAT and SOD values. Additionally, significant reductions were noted in levels of MDA, AOPP, and severity of histomorphological changes in cerebral cortex following hull extract treatment. Altered antioxidant biomarkers along with histopathological changes indicate oxidative injury in rat brain following ISO administration. Repeated administration of J. regia hull extract demonstrating presence of neuroprotective properties against ISO induced oxidative damage in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Pawan K. Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Nrip K. Pankaj
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Sanjay Agarwal
- Division of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
| | - Rajinder Raina
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, 181102, India
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Mehrotra A, Singh S, Kanjilal S, Attri G, Rangari K, Paliwal VK, Mani V, Verma PK, Maurya VP, Sardhara J, Bhaisora KS, Das KK, Srivastava AK, Jaiswal AK, Behari S. Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Initial Steps into a Bigger Epilepsy Surgery Program. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 12:193-196. [PMID: 33531782 PMCID: PMC7846332 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Among the patients of drug-resistant epilepsy, a subset which has focal impaired seizures localizes to the temporal lobe region (TLE). A majority of these cases are surgically amenable with anterior-medial temporal lobe resection or “lesionectomy.”
Objective
In India, there is scarcity of “specialized centers” providing “comprehensive epilepsy care” and this dearth is further worse in populous states. In this article, we share our single center, observational, and retrospective experience of TLE in background of limited resources and utmost requirement.
Methodology
Our study is a retrospective analysis medically refractory epilepsy patients (2016–2019). Patients with medically refractory epilepsy were selected based upon our noninvasive protocol (clinical semiology, interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG), long-term video EEG monitoring data, and magnetic resonance injury [MRI]). The follow-up was noted from the last out-patient visit record or through telephonic conversation (International League Against Epilepsy score).
Results
Of 23 cases of TLE (
n
= 7, mesial temporal sclerosis;
n
= 16 temporal lobe like cavernomas, tumors, or arterio-venous malformations). Single photon emission computed tomography/positron emission tomography (SPECT/PET) was performed in five cases (three cases of ictal/interictal SPECT and two cases of PET scan) where there was discordance between EEG/clinical and MRI. The median follow-up was of 19 months with 18 cases being seizure free. Five cases were fully off the antiepileptic drug (AEDs) while in 15 cases, the AEDs dosages or the number were reduced. Average number of AEDs reduced from 2.9 in preoperative period to 1.2 postoperatively. Two cases had quadrantanopia and one case of cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Conclusion
A multidisciplinary and holistic approach is required for best patient care. The results of our initial surgical experience are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumen Kanjilal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gagandeep Attri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Rangari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vimal K Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinita Mani
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan K Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayesh Sardhara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh S Bhaisora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuntal Kanti Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Mehrotra A, Singh S, Kanjilal S, Pal L, Paliwal VK, Sardhara J, Verma PK, Maurya VP, Bhaisora KS, Das KK, Srivastava AK, Jaiswal AK, Behari S. Factors affecting seizure outcome in Long-term epilepsy associated tumors (LEATs) in children and young adolescents. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 197:106104. [PMID: 32738652 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumors with seizures as primary mode of presentation are collectively called Long-term epilepsy associated tumors (LEATs or Epileptomas). The overall survival is good so 'seizure outcome' becomes the primary goal rather than neuro-oncological outcome. METHODS A retrospective analysis of our surgical database (2015-19) was done to find operated patients of intra-axial brain tumors with age less than 25-years and who had presented with seizures. RESULTS The mean age at presentation was 16.44 years (SD + 6.82 years). Complex partial seizures/focal unaware seizures were the most common type of seizures encountered (n = 22) with mean duration of seizures was 49.50 months (SD + 31.04 months). The most common pathology was glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) (n = 17). Gross total resection (GTR) group had a significantly better seizure outcome as compared with the Subtotal resection (STR) group (p = 0.006). Presence of focal or partial seizure was a significant factor pointing towards a better seizure control (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION The shorter duration of symptoms, partial/focal seizures and gross total excision were predictors of a good seizure-outcome. Age of the patient and the histopathology of the tumor does not affect seizure-outcome on comparing GNTs with non GNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India.
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Soumen Kanjilal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Lili Pal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Vimal K Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Jayesh Sardhara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Pawan K Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Ved P Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Kamlesh S Bhaisora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Kuntal K Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Arun K Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Awadhesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
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Raina R, Verma PK, Peshin R, Kour H. Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02376. [PMID: 31508527 PMCID: PMC6726717 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used for thousands of years as medicine for treating variety of diseases and medical complaints by most of the civilizations. Juniperus communis L. is an evergreen aromatic shrub with high therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases in human and animals. The plant is rich in aromatic oils, invert sugars, resins, catechin, organic acid, terpenic acids, leucoanthocyanidin, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums, lignins, wax, etc. Juniper berries or extract of the plant has traditionally been used as diuretic, anti-arthritis, anti-diabetes, antiseptic as well as for the treatment of gastrointestinal and autoimmune disorders. The essential oil and extracts of juniper have been experimentally documented to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. Recent studies have also found anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of berries in experimental models. Further, the essential oil incorporation retarded lipid peroxidation in preserved meat due to its high antioxidant effect which not only improved meat product quality but also improved shelf life of the product. Thus natural antioxidant such as juniper can be used in place synthetic antioxidant for the preservation and improving self-life of meat products. New well designed clinical trials in human and animals using well-characterized J. communis extract or oil need to be conducted so that additional information is generated which can support the use of this natural product as a nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Raina
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, Jammu, 181102, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pawan K. Verma
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, Jammu, 181102, Jammu & Kashmir, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rajinder Peshin
- Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu Chatha, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, R S Pura, Jammu, 181102, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Mittal G, Bhandari V, Gaind R, Rani V, Chopra S, Dawar R, Sardana R, Verma PK. Linezolid resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (LRCoNS) with novel mutations causing blood stream infections (BSI) in India. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:717. [PMID: 31412801 PMCID: PMC6694603 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) have emerged as a major causative agent of blood-stream infections (BSI). Linezolid (LZD) is currently used for treating glycopeptide and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. It is important to understand the resistance mechanism and probable transmission of LZD resistant (LR) CoNS within the hospital. Methods Clinically significant LRCoNS from patients with BSI were characterized using MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC of vancomycin and LZD were determined. LZD resistance mechanisms using PCR for the cfr gene and mutation in the V domain of the 23S rRNA gene were studied. Results The MIC of LZD ranged from 8 to 32 μg/ml. LR was observed in three different CoNS species from diverse locations within the hospital. The cfr gene was identified in all the isolates. Sequence analysis of V domain region of 23S rRNA gene confirmed mutation in single copy among 12/15 isolates with novel mutations: G2614 T and C2384T. All infections were nosocomially acquired and LZD resistance was emerging in the absence of prior LZD use. Horizontal spread of resistant isolates and cfr gene among diverse species were the probable mechanisms of transmission. Conclusion The study highlights the novel mutations associated with LRCoNS and the importance of surveillance & transmission pathway within the hospital. It also systematically discusses the published information on LRCoNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanand Mittal
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology-DBT, Hyderabad, 500049, India
| | - Rajni Gaind
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Vandana Rani
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shimpi Chopra
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Reetika Dawar
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Raman Sardana
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - P K Verma
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Purohit G, Gaind R, Dawar R, Verma PK, Aggarwal KC, Sardana R, Deb M. Characterization of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci in Hospitalized Patients and Role of Gut Colonization. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC01-DC05. [PMID: 29207701 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25988.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal flora and have been recognized as important human pathogens. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) are global threat as this resistance is transmissible and also poses a challenge for infection control. Aim This study was undertaken to study phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of VRE from clinically significant infections among hospitalized patients and their association with gut colonization. Materials and Methods Clinically significant isolates of enterococci (n=250) were studied. Species confirmation was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for vancomycin was determined by E-test. PCR for VanA, VanB and VanC1 gene was done for genotypic characterization. MIC for teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin was determined by E test. Patients with VRE infection were screened for gut colonization using vancomycin screen agar (6 μg/mL). Continuous data was analysed using the Student's t-test. Categorical data was assessed using Pearson's Chi-square test. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was good correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic methods used for species identification and detection of vancomycin resistance. E. faecium (162, 64.8%) was most common followed by E. faecalis (82, 32.84%) and E. gallinarum (6, 2.4%). Overall higher resistance was observed among E. faecium. Vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 μg/mL was noted in 63 (25.2%) isolates. Fifty seven isolates showed presence of vanA and vanC1 was detected in six isolates of E. gallinarum. Isolates with VanB genotype was not detected in the present study. MIC50 (μg/mL) for teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristrin was 24, 0.75, 0.064, 2 and 0.064 respectively. Resistance to linezolid (1, 1.6%) and tigecycline (2, 3.2%) was rare. Majority (33/47, 70.2%) patients with clinically significant VRE infection showed gut colonization. Conclusion Vancomycin resistance among enterococci is emerging. Emergence of tigecycline and linezolid resistance is also posing a challenge for clinicians. Thus, further investigations are warranted to control vancomycin resistance among pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetarani Purohit
- Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Gaind
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Reetika Dawar
- Senior Consultant, Department of Microbiology, Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Verma
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K C Aggarwal
- Professor and Head, Department of Paediatrics, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Raman Sardana
- Senior Consultant, Department of Microbiology, Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Monorama Deb
- Director Professor, Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Mittal G, Gaind R, Kumar D, Kaushik G, Gupta KB, Verma PK, Deb M. Risk factors for fecal carriage of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae among intensive care unit patients from a tertiary care center in India. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:138. [PMID: 27392139 PMCID: PMC4938945 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance amongst the commensal flora is a serious threat because a very highly populated ecosystem like the gut, may at a later stage, be a source of extra intestinal infections, resistant strains may spread to other host or transfer genetic resistance element to other members of micro-biota including pathogens. This study was carried out to assess fecal colonization by carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and associated risk factors among 100 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). The phenotypic and molecular characterizations of CPE were also included. RESULTS Colonization with CPE was observed in 6.6 % (8/122) controls. Among ICU patients, fecal carriage of CPE was significantly higher on day 4 (D4) (22 %) as compared to day 1 (D1) (11 %) (p value 0.002). The carbapenemase genes detected included OXA- 48, 181, KPC and NDM-1 with NDM-1 being the predominant carbapenemase in both ICU D1 and D4. Among the 50 CPE isolates, 8 (16 %) were susceptible to meropenem and imipenem (Minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC ≤ 1 mg/L) and all were susceptible to colistin (MIC range 0.125 - 1 mg/L) and tigecycline (MIC range 0.06- 1.5 mg/L). The risk factors associated with CPE carriage were duration of ICU stay, use of ventilator and aminoglycosides. CONCLUSIONS Prior colonization with CPE could result in their influx and spread in ICU, challenging infection control measures. Exposure to ICU further increases risk of colonization with diverse carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Gut colonization with these strains may be a source of endogenous infection and horizontal transfer of these genes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanand Mittal
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajni Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kunj Bihari Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P K Verma
- Department of Anaesthesia, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Monorama Deb
- Department of Microbiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Verma PK, Raina R, Sultana M, Singh M. Modulatory effect of Calendula officinalis on altered antioxidant status and renal parameters in diabetic rats. mazums-pbr 2016. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.4.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Capoor MR, Gupta DK, Verma PK, Sachdeva HC. Rare yeasts causing fungemia in immunocompromised and haematology patients: Case series from Delhi. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33:576-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.167320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Godara R, Katoch R, Yadav A, Ahanger RR, Bhutyal ADS, Verma PK, Katoch M, Dutta S, Nisa F, Singh NK. In vitro acaricidal activity of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of Calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Exp Appl Acarol 2015; 67:147-157. [PMID: 26071101 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Detection of resistance levels against deltamethrin and cypermethrin in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from Jammu (India) was carried out using larval packet test (LPT). The results showed the presence of resistance level II and I against deltamethrin and cypermethrin, respectively. Adult immersion test (AIT) and LPT were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of Calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant adults and larvae of R. (B.) microplus. Four concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 %) of each extract with four replications for each concentration were used in both the bioassays. A concentration dependent mortality was observed and it was more marked with ethanolic extract. In AIT, the LC50 values for ethanolic and aqueous extracts were calculated as 9.9 and 12.9 %, respectively. The egg weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts was significantly lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the reproductive index and the percent inhibition of oviposition values of the treated ticks were reduced. The complete inhibition of hatching was recorded at 10 % of ethanolic extract. The 10 % extracts caused 100 % mortality of larvae after 24 h. In LPT, the LC50 values for ethanolic and aqueous extracts were determined to be 2.6 and 3.2 %, respectively. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of C. officinalis had better acaricidal properties against adults and larvae of R. (B.) microplus than the aqueous extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godara
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, Jammu, 181 102, India
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Raina R, Baba NA, Verma PK, Sultana M, Singh M. Hepatotoxicity Induced by Subchronic Exposure of Fluoride and Chlorpyrifos in Wistar Rats: Mitigating Effect of Ascorbic Acid. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:157-62. [PMID: 25669166 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the ameliorative properties of ascorbic acid against the subchronic effect of co-exposure of fluoride (F) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on oxidative damage markers such as lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant defense system in the liver of adult Wistar rats. The animal groups were provided with either vehicle or ascorbic acid (60 mg/kg, b.w.) or NOAEL dose of fluoride (1 ppm) or CPF (1 mg/kg, b.w.) or ten times of such doses orally alone and in combination or pre-treated with ascorbic acid along with co-exposure of F and CPF every consecutive day for 28 days. Hepatic damage marker analysis in blood revealed that aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with single or combined exposure of F or CPF at either dose levels. Significant increased oxidative damage of hepatocytes as indicated by increased MDA levels with decrease in tissue ascorbate and free radical scavenging enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase was observed in groups treated with either F or CPF as well as in combinedly treated animals as compared to control animals. Supplementation of ascorbic acid restored the hepatic specific marker enzymes in blood following co-exposure of F and CPF at lower doses which were otherwise increased in the F and CPF co-exposed rats. The results show that ascorbic acid supplementation with F and CPF prevents or diminishes the hepatic damage in rats co-exposed to toxicants and may act as a putative protective agent against toxicant-induced liver tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Raina
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, R S Pura, Jammu, 181102, India,
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Nagarjuna D, Mittal G, Dhanda RS, Verma PK, Gaind R, Yadav M. Faecal Escherichia coli isolates show potential to cause endogenous infection in patients admitted to the ICU in a tertiary care hospital. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 7:57-66. [PMID: 26257914 PMCID: PMC4522595 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are acquired during hospital treatment or in a hospital environment. One such infecting agent, Escherichia coli, harbours many virulence genes that enable it to become pathogenic, causing damage to the host. The mechanism of the E. coli virulence factors provenance to cause infection in host environments is not clearly elucidated. We investigated the virulence and pathogenicity of E. coli affected by the host environment. For this, blood (n = 78) and faecal (n = 83) E. coli isolates were collected from patients with and without sepsis, respectively, who had been admitted to the intensive care unit. The E. coli genomic DNA was isolated; the phylogenetic grouping was conducted by triplex PCR. The occurrence of nine virulence genes among the all the isolates was confirmed by gene-specific PCR. The prevalence of E. coli in blood isolates was more in phylogenetic groups B2 and D compared to groups A and B1. However, in faecal isolates, there was no significant difference. The prevalence of adhesin and toxin (papG, sfa, afa, cnf1, hlyA) genes was higher in blood compared to faecal E. coli isolates. However, the prevalence of aer, traT and PAI was similar as well as higher among both of these groups. These observations indicate a role of external environment (hospital setting) on host susceptibility (development of infection) in the faecal E. coli isolates, thereby making the patient prone to a sepsis condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nagarjuna
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - G Mittal
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R S Dhanda
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - P K Verma
- Department of Anesthesia, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - M Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
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Chandra A, Verma PK, Islam MN, Grisham MP, Jain R, Sharma A, Roopendra K, Singh K, Singh P, Verma I, Solomon S. Expression analysis of genes associated with sucrose accumulation in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) varieties differing in content and time of peak sucrose storage. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:608-17. [PMID: 25311688 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose synthesis/accumulation in sugarcane is a complex process involving many genes and regulatory sequences that control biochemical events in source-sink tissues. Among these, sucrose synthase (SuSy), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), soluble acid (SAI) and cell wall (CWI) invertases are important. Expression of these enzymes was compared in an early (CoJ64) and late (BO91) maturing sugarcane variety using end-point and qRT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR at four crop stages revealed high CWI expression in upper internodes of CoJ64, which declined significantly in both top and bottom internodes with maturity. In BO91, CWI expression was high in top and bottom internodes and declined significantly only in top internodes as the crop matured. Overall, CWI expression was higher in CoJ64 than in BO91. During crop growth, there was no significant change in SPS expression in bottom internodes in CoJ64, whereas in BO91 it decreased significantly. Apart from a significant decrease in expression of SuSy in mature bottom internodes of BO91, there was no significant change. Similar SAI expression was observed with both end-point and RT-PCR, except for significantly increased expression in top internodes of CoJ64 with maturity. SAI, being a major sucrose hydrolysing enzyme, was also monitored with end-point PCR expression in internode tissues of CoJ64 and BO91, with higher expression of SAI in BO91 at early crop stages. Enzyme inhibitors, e.g. manganese chloride (Mn(++) ), significantly suppressed expression of SAI in both early- and late-maturing varieties. Present findings enhance understanding of critical sucrose metabolic gene expression in sugarcane varieties differing in content and time of peak sucrose storage. Thus, through employing these genes, improvement of sugarcane sucrose content is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chandra
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
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Godara R, Parveen S, Katoch R, Yadav A, Katoch M, Khajuria JK, Kaur D, Ganai A, Verma PK, Khajuria V, Singh NK. Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium against Hyalomma anatolicum ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 2015; 65:141-148. [PMID: 25039005 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of ethanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia absinthium in comparison to amitraz on adults, eggs and larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum using the adult immersion test (AIT), egg hatchability test and larval packet test (LPT), respectively. Four concentrations of the extract (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) with three replications for each concentration were used in all the bioassays. In AIT, the mortality rates at 2.5, 5 and 10% were significantly different (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group; however, at 20%, it was similar to the positive control group. Maximum mortality of 86.7% was recorded at 20%. The LC50 and LC95 values were calculated as 6.51 and 55.43%, respectively. The oviposition was reduced significantly by 36.8 and 59.1% at concentrations of 10 and 20%, respectively. Egg hatchability was reduced significantly at all concentrations (2.5-20%) in comparison to the control. In LPT, the extract caused 100% mortality of larvae at all the concentrations after 24 h. The results show that ethanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of A. absinthium has acaricidal properties and could be useful in controlling H. anatolicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godara
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, Jammu, 181 102, India
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Verma PK, Kumari N, Pathak PN, Sadhu B, Sundararajan M, Aswal VK, Mohapatra PK. Investigations on preferential Pu(IV) extraction over U(VI) by N,N-dihexyloctanamide versus tri-n-butyl phosphate: evidence through small angle neutron scattering and DFT studies. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3996-4004. [PMID: 24815040 DOI: 10.1021/jp503037q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Straight chain amide N,N-dihexyloctanamide (DHOA) has been found to be a promising alternative extractant to tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) for the reprocessing of irradiated uranium- and thorium-based fuels. Unlike TBP, DHOA displays preferential extraction of Pu(IV) over U(VI) at higher acidities (≥3 M HNO3) and poor extraction at lower acidities. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations have been carried out on the structures and relative binding energies of U(VI) and Pu(IV) with the extractant molecules. These calculations suggest that the differential hardness of the two extractants is responsible for the preferential binding/complexation of TBP to uranyl, whereas the softer DHOA and the bulky nature of the extractant lead to stronger binding/complexation of DHOA to Pu(IV). In conjunction with quantum chemical calculations, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements have also been performed for understanding the stoichiometry of the complex formed that leads to relatively lower extraction of Th(IV) (a model for Pu(IV)) as compared to U(VI) using DHOA and TBP as the extractants. The combined experimental and theoretical studies helped us to understand the superior complexation/extraction behavior of Pu(IV) over U(VI) with DHOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Radiochemistry Division, ‡Radiation Safety Systems Division, §Theoretical Chemistry Section, and ∥Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
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Verma PK, Pathak PN, Mohapatra PK, Godbole SV, Kadam RM, Veligzhanin AA, Zubavichus YV, Kalmykov SN. Influences of different environmental parameters on the sorption of trivalent metal ions on bentonite: batch sorption, fluorescence, EXAFS and EPR studies. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:904-915. [PMID: 24531276 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of long-lived radionuclides in natural aquatic systems is of great environmental concern in view of their possible migration into biospheres of mankind. Trivalent actinides such as (241/243)Am can contribute a great deal to radioactivity for several thousand years. This migration is significantly influenced by various factors such as pH, complexing ions present in aquatic environments, and the sorption of species involving radionuclides by sediments around water bodies. Clay minerals such as bentonite are known to be highly efficient in radionuclide retention and hence are suitable candidates for backfill materials. This study presents experimental results on the interaction of Eu(iii) and Gd(iii) (chemical analogs of Am(iii) and Cm(iii)) with bentonite clay under varying experimental conditions of contact time, pH, and the presence of complexing anions such as humic acid (HA) and citric acid (cit). The sorption of HA on bentonite decreased with increasing the pH from 2 to 8, which was attributed to electrostatic interactions between HA and the bentonite surfaces. The sorption of Eu(iii) on bentonite colloids showed marginal variation with pH (>95%). However, a decrease in Eu(iii) sorption was observed in the presence of HA beyond pH 5 due to the increased aqueous complexation of Eu(iii) with deprotonated HA in the aqueous phase. The complexation of Eu(iii) with citrate ions was studied using Time Resolved Laser induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS) to explain the sorption data. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations were carried out to understand the local chemical environment surrounding Eu(iii) and Gd(iii) (EPR probe) sorbed on bentonite under different experimental conditions. Surface complexation modelling shows the predominant formation of ≡XOEu(+2) (silanol) up to pH < 7, and beyond which ≡YOEu(OH)(+) (aluminol) is responsible for the quantitative sorption of Eu(iii) onto bentonite in the studied pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
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Abstract
National guidelines for routine ultrasound quality assurance include the measurement of transducer sensitivity using the in-air reverberation pattern generated from a transducer operating in air. The in-air reverberation method has been compared with other well-known measures of transducer sensitivity, such as the Sonora FirstCall probe tester (Sonora Medical Systems Inc, Longmont, CO, USA) and phantom-based images. There is good agreement between the in-air reverberation images and the Sonora FirstCall probe data for individual crystal sensitivity. However, the in-air reverberation approach is cheaper and easier to implement for linear and curvilinear transducers. The methods used for measuring the in-air reverberation pattern and the influence of scanner parameters such as gain and output power have been investigated. In general, reliance on a visual assessment of reverberation depth can lead to inconsistencies in the measurement of reverberation depth, when taken over a period of several months. The value of scanner parameters, in particular scanner gain, is also important when trying to measure changes in reverberation depth due to changes in transducer performance. A more accurate assessment of changes in transducer sensitivity, using the in-air reverberation method, is found by measuring the peak pixel grey scale values within a chosen reverberation band in the image. This quantitative approach can be taken a step further by assessing changes within the whole in-air reverberation pattern, by applying a two-dimensional cross correlation between two reverberation images to assess changes in transducer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Quinn
- Department of Medical Physics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - P K Verma
- Department of Medical Physics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
Management of ultrasound equipment at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust is described. The organisation and input of various stakeholders and their involvement with ultrasound equipment management and scientific ultrasound is discussed. Two important stakeholders are the Medical Equipment Management Group and the Radiation Safety Steering Committee. The Medical Equipment Management Group has a specific sub-group, the Ultrasound sub-group, and its role is to coordinate the purchase, replacement and quality assurance of ultrasound equipment in the Trust. The Radiation Safety Steering Committee has a non-ionising radiation representative and the role of this committee is to provide corporate assurance that any health and safety issues arising from the use of radiation to either patients, members of the public or staff within the Trust are being effectively managed. The Ultrasound sub-group of the Medical Equipment Management Group has successfully brought together management of all ultrasound equipment within the Trust and is in the process of fulfilling the quality assurance and training milestones set out by the Medical Equipment Management Group. Advice from the Radiation Safety Steering Committee has helped to increase awareness of ultrasound safety and good scanning practice, especially in the case of neonatal ultrasound imaging, within the Trust. In addition, the RSSC has given advice on clinical pathways for patients undergoing ionising radiation imaging while being treated by extra-corporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Department of Medical Imaging & Medical Physics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Peacock
- Department of Medical Imaging & Medical Physics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
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Godara R, Parveen S, Katoch R, Yadav A, Verma PK, Katoch M, Kaur D, Ganai A, Raghuvanshi P, Singh NK. Acaricidal activity of extract of Artemisia absinthium against Rhipicephalus sanguineus of dogs. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:747-54. [PMID: 24288053 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of chloroform extract obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia absinthium in comparison to amitraz on adults, eggs and larvae of the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus using the adult immersion test (AIT), egg hatchability test (EHT) and larval packet test (LPT), respectively. Five concentrations of the extract (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 %) with three replications for each concentration were used in all the bioassays. A control group was established (water + dimethylsulphoxide) together with a positive control group (amitraz), with three repetitions each. In AIT, the mortality rates were 0.0, 13.3, 16.7, 33.3 and 93.3 % in concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 %, respectively, and the variation was significant (p=0.0151). The LC50 (CI) and LC95 (CI) values were calculated as 8.793 % (8.217-9.408) and 34.59 % (29.71-40.26), respectively. The egg production was reduced by 6.6, 6.6, 18.3, 42.5 and 85.1 % in the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 %, respectively, and it was statistically significant (p=0.0274). In EHT, hatching was completely inhibited at 5, 10 and 20 % displaying 100 % ovicidal action while at the concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 %, the inhibition rates were 20 and 60 %, respectively. In LPT, the extract caused 100 % mortality of larvae in the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 % after 24 h while at the concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 %, the mortality rates were 54.3 and 96.7 %, respectively. The LC50 (CI) and LC95 (CI) values were determined to be 1.11 % (1.099-1.121) and 2.37 % (2.328-2.423), respectively. The results show that the extract of A. absinthium has acaricidal properties and could be useful in controlling R. sanguineus which is an efficient vector of pathogens both in dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godara
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, 181 102, Jammu, India
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Verma PK, Pathak PN, Jayasekharan T, Vatsac RK, Mohapatra PK. Characterization of the species formed during the extraction of thorium employing tri-n-butyl phosphate and N,N-dihexyl octanamide as extractants by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2013; 19:275-283. [PMID: 24575626 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-ToF-MS) has been applied to identify and characterize the organic phase species formed during the extraction of thorium nitrate by 1.1 M tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and N,N-dihexyl octanamide (DHOA) solutions in n-dodecane. The aqueous phase thorium concentrations (at 4M HNO3) have been suitably chosen to get Loaded organic phases with/without third-phase. The extracted species have been characterized for the first time using LDI-ToF-MS. The results show feasibility of the use of this technique for understanding the extraction mechanisms and third-phase formation behavior of different extractants. The different chemical species observed using this technique are consistent with those observed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS).
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - P N Pathak
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - T Jayasekharan
- Applied Spectroscopy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - R K Vatsac
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - P K Mohapatra
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Verma PK. COSTING OF INJURY: A POWERFUL PERSUADER TO INITIATE PLANNING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580a.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Batra B, Verma PK, Pramanik V, Gogia AR. Amitraz poisoning -- familiar presentation, unfamiliar diagnosis. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40:363-364. [PMID: 22417047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Raina R, Verma PK, Pankaj NK, Prawez S. Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application. J Vet Sci 2009; 10:257-9. [PMID: 19687627 PMCID: PMC2801130 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Raina
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu-181102 (J&K), India
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Shibu ES, Radha B, Verma PK, Bhyrappa P, Kulkarni GU, Pal SK, Pradeep T. Functionalized Au22 clusters: synthesis, characterization, and patterning. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2009; 1:2199-2210. [PMID: 20355854 DOI: 10.1021/am900350r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized fluorescent, porphyrin-anchored, Au(22) clusters in a single step, starting from well-characterized Au(25) clusters protected with glutathione (-SG) by a combined core reduction/ligand exchange protocol, at a liquid-liquid interface. The prepared cluster was characterized by UV/vis, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The absence of a 672 nm intraband transition of Au(25) and the simultaneous emergence of new characteristic peaks at 520 and 635 nm indicate the formation of the Au(22) core. An increase in the binding energy of 0.4 eV in Au 4f core-level peaks confirmed the presence of a reduced core size. Quantitative XPS confirmed the Au/S ratio. The presence of a free base, tetraphenylporphyrin (H(2)TPPOAS-), on the Au(22) core was confirmed by fluorimetric titrations with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions. From all of these, the composition of the cluster was determined to be Au(22)[(-SG)(15)(-SAOPPTH(2))(2)], which was supported by mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. We utilized the fluorescence nature of these water-soluble clusters for the fabrication of fluorescent patterns by soft lithography. The patterns were studied using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy and confocal fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Shibu
- DST Unit on Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry and Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information from India on subjective burden on spouses of schizophrenia patients. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare patterns of subjective burden on spouses of schizophrenia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted at the OPD level, and follow-up was done at the Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Sciences (RINPAS) during the period May 2008 to November 2008. Tools utilized were sociodemographic data sheet, Family Burden Interview Schedule developed by Pai and R. L. Kapur (1981). The sample comprised of 50 samples of spouses (25 male and 25 female spouses of schizophrenia patients). METHODS The present study was conducted at the OPD level, and follow-up was done at the Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Sciences (RINPAS) during the period May 2008 to November 2008. Tools utilized were sociodemographic data sheet, Family Burden Interview Schedule developed by Pai and R. L. Kapur (1981). The sample comprised of 50 samples of spouses (25 male and 25 female spouses of schizophrenia patients). RESULTS The findings suggest that both the groups, viz., male and female spouses of schizophrenia patients, showed moderate level of subjective burden, i.e., 13 (52%) and 15 (60%) male and female spouses, respectively, which was statistically found to be insignificant. CONCLUSION No significant difference was found between male and female spouses of schizophrenia patients with regard to the level of subjective burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surekha Kumari
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi, India
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Talwar V, Sood N, Verma PK. Drowning in concentrated syrup. Indian Pediatr 2009; 46:352-353. [PMID: 19383994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drowning is one of the two leading causes of accidental death in children. Most of the cases can be attributed to fresh or salt water drowning. We report an unusual case of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a one year old child following drowning in concentrated sugar syrup, in whom timely intervention and early supportive therapy resulted in a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Talwar
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Raina R, Prawez S, Dimitrova DJ, Pankaj NK, Verma PK. Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin in goats following single intravenous administration. J Vet Sci 2008; 9:241-5. [PMID: 18716443 PMCID: PMC2811835 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in serum (n = 6) and urine (n = 4) in goats following a single intravenous administration of 4 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentration-time curves of ciprofloxacin were best fitted by a two-compartment open model. The drug was detected in goat serum up to 12 h. The elimination rate constant (β) and elimination half-life (t1/2β) were 0.446 ± 0.04 h-1 and 1.630 ± 0.17 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 2.012 ± 0.37 l/kg and the total body clearance (ClB) was 16.27 ± 1.87 ml/min/kg. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 29.70% ± 10.34% of the administered dose within 36 h post administration. In vitro serum protein binding was 41% ± 13.10%. Thus, a single daily intravenous dose of 4 mg/kg is sufficient to maintain effective levels in serum and for 36 h in urine, allowing treatment of systemic, Gram-negative bacterial infections and urinary tract infections by most pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raina
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, She-e-Kasmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 181102, India
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Talwar V, Mehndiratta N, Verma PK. Barium poisoning mimicking Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 2007; 55:658-660. [PMID: 18051741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Barium poisoning is an important cause of areflexic quadriplegia associated with hypokalemia. Presenting features may mimic Guillain-Barre syndrome. A high index of suspicion of barium poisoning in two patients who presented with features resembling Guillain-Barre syndrome, led to timely management and early recovery in both the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Talwar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi
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37
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Namboodiri N, Verma PK. Transvenous right ventricular pacing through coronary sinus in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava. J Postgrad Med 2007; 53:76-7. [PMID: 17244981 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.30338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. strain IST103 obtained from a stable bacterial consortium was capable of utilizing pentachlorophenol (PCP) as sole carbon and energy source. The consortium was developed by continuous enrichment in a chemostat. The degradation of PCP by bacterial strain proceeded through an oxidative route as indicated by accumulation of tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone and chlorohydroquinone determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and chloride molecules released in culture medium. Two different molecular size plasmids, of approximately 80 and 4 kilobase, were found to be responsible for carrying genes for degradation of PCP. This was evidenced by mutants produced by curing of plasmid by treatment of ethidium bromide. The derivatives were not able to utilize PCP, however, transformation of low molecular size plasmid of Pseudomonas sp. strain 103 into E. coli JM109 utilized PCP, indicated a possible involvement of plasmid in degradation of pentachlorophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Thakur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttaranchal, India.
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Verma PK, Sharma JK, Khan IA, Bali HK, Varma JS, Bhargava M, Sharma YP, Grover A. A cardiac evoked response algorithm providing automatic threshold tracking for continuous capture verification: a single-center prospective study. Indian Heart J 2001; 53:467-76. [PMID: 11759937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AutoCapture algorithm as implemented in Regency and Microny pacemakers (Pacesetter Inc., Sylmar, CA, USA) provides beat-by-beat monitoring of capture based on proper detection of the evoked response, provides high output back-up pulse when loss of capture occurs, performs periodic threshold evaluations and acquires the capture threshold data in a time-based event counter for later retrieval. The safety and efficacy of this algorithm was prospectively evaluated at a tertiary care hospital of north India. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-four patients (38 males, mean age 66+/-13 years) received a ventricular pacemaker model Regency SC+ with low polarization bipolar lead for high-grade atrioventricular block (n=42) and sick sinus syndrome (n=12). Evoked response and polarization signal were assessed initially at 24 hours postimplant, and follow-up measurements were systematically conducted at week 1 and months 1, 3 and 6. Further evaluation of eligible patients was performed at 6-monthly intervals. Lead implantation parameters were optimum in all patients. At 6 months, the algorithm was functional in 51 patients. The pacing threshold increased to 0.89+/-0.36 V (p<0.001) in the first month and stabilized thereafter. Significant saving of energy was accomplished by a constant output safety margin of 0.3 V instead of the traditional 100%. While the evoked response signal remained stable throughout the study period, the potential signal increased significantly from 0.6+/-0.7 mV to 1.0+/-0.6 mV (p<0.001) in the first month and remained steady subsequently. Back-up pacing in the event of exit block was confirmed in all 25 patients who underwent a 24-hour Holter test. Based on the suggested sense margins, ventricular undersensing was observed in 7 (28%) patients, the majority of whom had competitive cardiac rhythms. An elderly patient with pneumonic illness succumbed to pulmonary embolism at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS This large single-center experience on AutoCapture demonstrates the success of this algorithm in low-energy ventricular pacing without compromising the patient's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.
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40
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Abstract
The response of cerebral blood flow velocity to a single spontaneous transient rise in blood pressure was studied to grade the cerebral autoregulatory response of newborns. Blood pressure was measured continuously through an umbilical or peripheral arterial catheter; continuous flow velocity recordings were taken from the middle cerebral artery using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. From a cohort of 62 healthy term and preterm neonates, 325 transients in mean arterial blood pressure and mean cerebral blood flow velocity were identified for analysis using a foot-seeking algorithm. An initial classification of active or impaired autoregulation was given to each transient using a self-clustering technique. The grading of the transients was studied by examining the slope of the return of the cerebral blood flow velocity to baseline. Negative slopes indicate a normal autoregulation; slopes of 0 or greater indicate an absence of autoregulation. This classification was in agreement with the self-clustering method (Cohen's kappa = 0.94, P<0.0001). The relationship between the autoregulatory response assessed by the grading method and gestational age, postnatal age, and PCO(2) was examined using linear regression analysis. A significant relationship with gestational age (P = 0.002) but not PCO(2) (P = 0.06) or postnatal age (P = 0.14) was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Division of Medical Physics; Faculty of Medicine, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Ferns GA, Forster LA, Williams JC, Tull SP, Verma PK, Starkey B, Gershlick AH. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on circulating cell adhesion molecules pre- and post-coronary angioplasty. Ann Clin Biochem 2000; 37 ( Pt 5):649-54. [PMID: 11026517 DOI: 10.1258/0004563001899924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The soluble adhesion molecules P-selectin (sP-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) are derived from platelets and endothelial cells. Circulating concentrations of these soluble adhesion molecules are raised in patients with atherosclerosis and following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We have investigated the effects of vitamin E supplements (800 IU/day) on circulating plasma ICAM-1 and P-selectin levels pre- and post-PTCA. Patients, randomized to group, were pre-treated with vitamin E or placebo (soybean oil) for 1 month before routine PTCA. Plasma sICAM-1 and sP-selectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on blood taken immediately pre- and post-PTCA. Total protein and alpha-tocopherol were measured on the same samples. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased in patients receiving vitamin E: 19.1 (1.5) [mean (standard error of the mean, SEM)] mg/mL post-PTCA versus 13.9 (0.6) mg/mL pre-PTCA (n=23; P<0.01). Plasma sP-selectin and sICAM-1 levels were not significantly increased following PTCA in the vitamin E group. Pre-angioplasty mean (SEM) plasma sP-selectin concentration in the vitamin E group was 8.83 (0.97) ng/mg protein; the corresponding mean post-angioplasty value was 9.34 (0.89) ng/mg protein (P=0.85). The mean (SEM) pre-angioplasty sICAM-1 concentration in this group was 2.18 (0.24) ng/mg protein, and was 2.20 (0.23) ng/mg protein following angioplasty (P = 0.84). In the placebo group (n = 24) there was a significant increase in mean (SEM) sP-selectin concentration following angioplasty, from 7.48 (0.73) to 9.70 (0.78) ng/mg protein (P<0.05). The change (mean, SEM) in plasma sP-selectin concentration following angioplasty was significantly greater for the placebo group [2.22 (0.50) ng/mg protein] than for the group receiving vitamin E [0.50 (0.50) ng/mg protein] (P<0.02). This difference remained significant (P<0.05) even after adjustment for pre-angioplasty P-selectin concentrations. Mean (SEM) plasma sICAM-1 concentrations remained unchanged following angioplasty [pre-angioplasty: 2.16 (0.20) ng/mg protein; post-angioplasty: 1.97 (0.13) ng/mg protein]. Vitamin E may therefore limit platelet or endothelial activation during PTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ferns
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK.
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Verma PK, Sharma A, Venkatesh S, Anand RK, Varma JS. "Partitioned" left anterior descending artery with absent right superior vena cava in rheumatic mitral stenosis. Indian Heart J 2000; 52:449-51. [PMID: 11084790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh
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Abstract
Transcatheter closure has been attempted in selected cases of ventricular septal defects using Lock clamshell device, Rashkind umbrella device, and Sideris buttoned device. A small perimembranous ventricular septal defect with aneurysm of membranous septum in a 12 year old girl was closed successfully with a detachable steel coil of 8 mm diameter with four loops, after failure of deployment of a Rashkind double umbrella device.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kalra
- GB Pant Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110 002, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter closure is an accepted mode of treatment in selected cases of congenital heart disease. Lately, this technology has been applied to closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed percutaneous transcatheter closure of VSD in 30 patients. The location of VSD was perimembranous in 28 patients and muscular trabecular in 2. Two (7%) patients also had left ventricular-right atrial communication. There were 17 male subjects and 13 female subjects, with an age range of 5. 5 to 33 years (mean +/- SD, 12.9 +/- 5.7; median 12.2). The diameter of VSD ranged from 3 to 8 mm (mean +/- SD 4.7 +/- 1.3; median 4.5). In 5 (17%) patients, the pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) was >/=2.1 (range 2.0 to 2.6). The defect was at least 6 or 8 mm from the aortic valve in patients in whom a 12- or 17-mm Rashkind double umbrella device was deployed, respectively. In 1 patient, the defect was closed with a detachable stainless steel coil, size 8 mm, with 4 loops (8 x 4). The devices were successfully deployed in 87% of patients. In 6 (20%) patients, the procedure had to be repeated primarily because of the use of undersized umbrella deices. Unsuccessful deployment of the device occurred in 4 (13%) patients. In one of these procedures, the coil embolized to the left pulmonary artery, and it was successfully retrieved. A minimal residual shunt seen as a thin streak on transthoracic color flow mapping persisted in 8 (30%) patients, which remained unchanged over a follow-up period of 5 to 28 (17.1 +/- 6.4) months. Both patients with left ventricular/right atrial communication showed complete abolition of the shunt. No patient developed new-onset aortic or tricuspid regurgitation or intravascular hemolysis. At follow-up, no patient had developed infective endocarditis, bundle branch block, or late valvular insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter closure is safe and efficacious in selected cases of perimembranous and muscular VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kalra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Delhi, India
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45
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Abstract
Two patients developed a ventriculo-pulmonary fistula several years after original resection of a left ventricular aneurysm. Both presented with chronic mild haemoptysis. In the first case mild haemoptysis lasted nearly 19 months, and despite a battery of non invasive and invasive investigations, diagnosis was ultimately made via exploratory thoracotomy. In the second case mild haemoptysis lasted four months and finally manifested as a large haemoptysis. Diagnosis was made preoperatively using echocardiography. We recommend the use of echocardiography when haemoptysis occurs in a patient with a previous history of ventricular aneurysm repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kovac
- Department of Cardiology, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Verma PK, Bali HK, Suresh PV, Varma JS. Balloon mitral valvotomy using Inoue technique in a patient of isolated dextrocardia with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Indian Heart J 1999; 51:315-7. [PMID: 10624074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh
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47
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Verma PK, Upadhyaya KC. A multiplex RT-PCR assay for analysis of relative transcript levels of different members of multigene families: application to Arabidopsis calmodulin gene family. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 46:699-706. [PMID: 9844730 DOI: 10.1080/15216549800204232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The high degree of conservation of nucleotide sequences among different members of a multigene family poses problems in analysis of expression patterns governed by each member of the gene family. In this report we describe a simple, semi-quantitative and single tube multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous and relative expression analysis with an application to all the six members of Arabidopsis calmodulin multigene family. In the multiplex primer set, individual gene specific primers were derived from 3'-untranslated region of the genes and a single common primer from the conserved exonic region. Transcriptional activation of all the members of the calmodulin gene family in response to touch was monitored. The results demonstrate that two of the genes are not regulated by touch; however, the other four that are induced by touch show a differential response including their kinetics of induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Verma
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Sirmour SK, Verma PK, Singh JN, Okhandiar P. LDH isozymes with anomalous bands in semen of leprosy patients. Indian J Lepr 1998; 70:405-9. [PMID: 10189590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Activity of LDH isozymes was evaluated electrophoretically on 7% acrylamide gel in semen of 37 leprosy patients (15 with borderline, 12 with borderline tuberculoid and ten with lepromatous leprosy) and ten fertile men of 30-45 years of age. Significantly lower activities were recorded of LDH1 in all categories of leprosy patients. Similarly, lowering of LDH2 activity was noticed in borderline and lepromatous cases only, lowering of LDH4 activity in lepromatous cases only and LDH5 activity was lowered in borderline leprosy patients. Lowest activity of LDH3 and absence of LDHx were found in lepromatous leprosy. However, in borderline tuberculoid patients, LDH3 and LDHx were significantly higher. This exceptional increase in activity was found to be due to presence of additional (anomalous) isozymes bands of LDH3, LDHx and LDH4 in 25% of borderline tuberculoid patients. Additional bands of LDH3 have also been located in 40% of the borderline leprosy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sirmour
- Bio-Science Research Centre, TNB College, Bhagalpur
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Kalra GS, Verma PK, Dhall A, Singh S, Bhardwaj S, Arora R. Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect with atrial septal defect occlusion system (ASDOS): initial experience and short-term follow-up. Indian Heart J 1998; 50:409-13. [PMID: 9835200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect is a well known alternative to surgery. It was attempted in seven patients (age range 7-34 years, mean 20.1 +/- 6.5 years) with the double umbrella nitinol device (ASDOS, Dr. Ing Osypka, Germany). The interatrial septal anatomy and blood flow were examined by transthoracic and multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography. The size of atrial septal defect varied from 1.25-2.4 cm (mean 1.75 +/- 0.3 cm), minimal septal rim 0.5-1.0 cm (mean 0.75 +/- 0.20 cm), and Qp/Qs 1.6-3.2:1 (mean 2.4 +/- 0.6). One patient had an atrial septal defect following surgery for left atrial myxoma. The procedure which involved the use of monorail system for deployment of device under transoesophageal echocardiography guidance, was successful in six (86%) of the seven patients. The size of the implanted device ranged from 30-45 mm. In two patients, the right atrial umbrella had to be oversized in comparison to the left atrial umbrella for stability and adequate occlusion of the defect. The patient in whom the procedure failed had a defect size of 1.7 cm, with minimal septal rim (anterosuperior) of 5 mm; however, the device could be easily retrieved. Immediately after and at follow-up of one year, transoesophageal echocardiography-guided colour flow mapping revealed complete abolition of left-to-right shunt in five (83%) of the six patients. One patient had a small residual flow at the posterior rim of the defect; none had atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Although the procedure is complex, it is safe with the advantage of excellent control on the monorail system for proper positioning, repositioning and, if required, retrieval of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kalra
- Department of Cardiology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi
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50
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Tyagi S, Verma PK, Gambhir DS, Kaul UA, Saha R, Arora R. Early and long-term results of subclavian angioplasty in aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease): comparison with atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1998; 21:219-24. [PMID: 9626438 DOI: 10.1007/s002709900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the early and long-term outcomes of subclavian artery angioplasty in patients with aortoarteritis and atherosclerosis. METHODS Sixty-one subclavian artery angioplasties were performed in 55 consecutive patients with aortoarteritis (n = 32) and atherosclerosis (n = 23) between 1986 and 1995. An arch aortogram followed by a selective subclavian artery angiogram was done to profile the site and extent of the lesion, its relation to the vertebral artery, and the distal circulation. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed via the femoral route for 56 stenotic lesions and 5 total occlusions. RESULTS PTA was successful in 52 (92.8%) stenotic lesions and 3 (60%) total occlusions. Three patients (5.4%) had complications, that could be effectively managed nonsurgically. Compared with atherosclerosis, patients with aortoarteritis were younger (27.4 +/- 9.3 years vs 54.5 +/- 10.5 years; p < 0.001), more often female (75% vs 17.4%; p < 0.001), gangrene was uncommon (0% vs 17.4%; p < 0.05), and diffuse involvement was seen more often (43.8% vs 4.4%; p < 0.001). The luminal diameter stenoses were similar before PTA (88.6 +/- 9.7% vs 89.0 +/- 9.1%; p = NS). Higher balloon inflation pressure was required to dilate the lesions of aortoarteritis (9.9 +/- 4.6 ATM vs 5.5 +/- 1.0 ATM; p < 0.001). This group had more residual stenosis (15.5 +/- 12.4% vs 8.3 +/- 9.4%; p < 0.05) after PTA. There were no neurological sequelae, even in PTA of prevertebral lesions. On 3-120 months (mean 43.3 +/- 28.9 months) follow-up of 40 patients, restenosis was more often observed in patients with aortoarteritis, particularly in those with diffuse arterial narrowing. These lesions could be effectively redilated. Clinical symptoms showed marked improvement after successful angioplasty. CONCLUSION Subclavian PTA is safe and can be performed as effectively in aortoarteritis as in atherosclerosis, with good long-term results. Long-term follow-up shows that it provides good symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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