1
|
Paul TG, Catchot AL, Musser FR, Chakrabarti P, Ward SF. Overwintering site selection and associated microclimates for the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a non-native pest of soybean. Environ Entomol 2024; 53:277-287. [PMID: 38334261 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cold winter temperatures govern the distribution and abundance of many insect species, but refugia that provide microclimates can moderate temperature-driven mortality. Winter temperatures have been implicated in limiting the survival and range of Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; redbanded stink bug), an economically damaging invasive pest in the southeastern United States, but the role of refugia in overwintering survival of this pest is poorly understood. We conducted 2 studies in successive years to evaluate how leaf litter from hardwoods, pines, and soybeans modulate overwintering site selection and survival of P. guildinii. In the second-year study, we also quantified the buffering effect of the 3 leaf litter types compared to ambient conditions and assessed diapause. In the first-year study, we found that stink bugs preferentially dispersed into leaf litter compared with remaining unsheltered on bare soil; no clear preference among leaf litter types was found. In the second year, however, no clear differences were found among leaf litter types and bare soil. Means of daily minimum temperatures under leaf litter were at least 3.0 ± 0.9 °C (SE) warmer and generally less variable than ambient conditions. While high mortality in both studies illustrates that more work must be done to fully understand overwintering survival, limited survival through potentially lethal conditions in the first-year study nonetheless emphasizes the possibility of populations persisting and rebounding in the following spring. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential for stink bugs to persist in areas with lethal ambient temperatures by dispersing into widely available substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Angus L Catchot
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Fred R Musser
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Samuel F Ward
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sagili VS, Chakrabarti P, Jayanty S, Kardile H, Sathuvalli V. The Glycemic Index and Human Health with an Emphasis on Potatoes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152302. [PMID: 35954067 PMCID: PMC9368276 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are associated with the excessive intake of high-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates, increased glycemic load (GL) foods, and inactive lifestyles. Carbohydrate-rich diets affect blood glucose levels. GI is an indicator of the impact of a specific food on blood glucose, while GL represents the quantity and quality of carbohydrates in the overall diet and their interactions. There are in vitro and in vivo methods for estimating GI and GL. These values are useful human health markers for conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and pregnancy. Potato is a major starchy vegetable, which is consumed widely and is the fourth most important crop globally. However, the GI of diets rich in starchy vegetables such as potatoes has not been studied in detail. The GI values in potatoes are affected by external and internal factors, such as methods of cooking, methods of processing, resistant starches, cultivation methods, mixed meals and food additions, and hormone levels. This review summarizes how these factors affect the GI and GL associated with diets containing potatoes. Understanding the impacts of these factors will contribute to the development of new and improved potato varieties with low GI values. The consumption of low-GI foods will help to combat obesity. The development of low-GI potatoes may contribute to the development of meal plans for individuals living with diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Sai Sagili
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Sastry Jayanty
- San Luis Valley Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, 0249 East Road 9 North Center, Fort Collins, CO 81125, USA;
| | - Hemant Kardile
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, 109 Crop Science Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Vidyasagar Sathuvalli
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, 109 Crop Science Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Hermiston Agricultural Research, and Extension Center, Oregon State University, 2121 South 1st Street, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metz BN, Chakrabarti P, Sagili RR. Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Nursing Responses to Cuticular Cues Emanating from Short-term Changes in Larval Rearing Environment. J Insect Sci 2021; 21:6414650. [PMID: 34723331 PMCID: PMC8559155 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee larvae are dependent on the social structure of colony for their provisioning and survival. With thousands of larvae being managed collectively by groups of foragers (collecting food resources) and nurse bees (processing food and provisioning larvae), coordination of colony efforts in rearing brood depends on multiple dynamic cues of larval presence and needs. Much of these cues appear to be chemical, with larvae producing multiple pheromones, major being brood ester pheromone (BEP; nonvolatile blend of fatty acid esters) that elicits both short-term releaser effects and long-term primer effects. While BEP can affect colony food collection and processing with the signaling of larval presence, it is unclear if BEP signals individual larval needs. To understand this aspect, in a series of experiments we manipulated larval feeding environment by depriving larvae from adult bee contact for 4-h period and examined (1) nurse bee interactions with contact-deprived and nondeprived larvae and larval extracts; (2) forager bee responses to contact-deprived and nondeprived larval extracts. We also characterized BEP of contact-deprived and nondeprived larvae. We found that nurse honey bees tend to aggregate more over contact-deprived larvae when compared with nondeprived larvae, but that these effects were not found in response to whole hexane extracts. Our analytical results suggest that BEP components changed in both quantity and quality over short period of contact deprivation. These changes affected foraging behavior, but did not appear to directly affect nursing behavior, suggesting that different chemical cues are involved in regulating nursing effort to individual larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Metz
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Optimal nutrition is crucial for honey bee colony growth and robust immune systems. Honey bee nutrition is complex and depends on the floral composition of the landscape. Foraging behavior of honey bees depends on both colony environment and external environment. There are significant gaps in knowledge regarding honey bee nutrition, and hence no optimal diet is available for honey bees, as there is for other livestock. In this review, we discuss (1) foraging behavior of honey bees, (2) nutritional needs, (3) nutritional supplements used by beekeepers, (4) probiotics, and (5) supplemental forage and efforts integrating floral diversity into cropping systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Tsuruda
- University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 5307, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moseley P, Jackson N, Omar A, Eldoadoa M, Samaras C, Birk R, Ahmed F, Chakrabarti P. Single-centre experience of using procalcitonin to guide antibiotic therapy in COVID-19 intensive care patients. J Hosp Infect 2021; 119:194-195. [PMID: 34656662 PMCID: PMC8516658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Moseley
- Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - N Jackson
- Department of Critical Care, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - A Omar
- Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - M Eldoadoa
- Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - C Samaras
- Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - R Birk
- Department of Critical Care, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - F Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - P Chakrabarti
- Department of Microbiology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hopkins BK, Chakrabarti P, Lucas HM, Sagili RR, Sheppard WS. Impacts of Different Winter Storage Conditions on the Physiology of Diutinus Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:409-414. [PMID: 33386734 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global decline in insect pollinators, especially bees, have resulted in extensive research into understanding the various causative factors and formulating mitigative strategies. For commercial beekeepers in the United States, overwintering honey bee colony losses are significant, requiring tactics to overwinter bees in conditions designed to minimize such losses. This is especially important as overwintered honey bees are responsible for colony expansion each spring, and overwintered bees must survive in sufficient numbers to nurse the spring brood and forage until the new 'replacement' workers become fully functional. In this study, we examined the physiology of overwintered (diutinus) bees following various overwintering storage conditions. Important physiological markers, i.e., head proteins and abdominal lipid contents were higher in honey bees that overwintered in controlled indoor storage facilities, compared with bees held outdoors through the winter months. Our findings provide new insights into the physiology of honey bees overwintered in indoor and outdoor environments and have implications for improved beekeeping management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah M Lucas
- Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Topitzhofer E, Lucas H, Carlson E, Chakrabarti P, Sagili R. Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33554968 DOI: 10.3791/62064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers often collect and analyze corbicular pollen from honey bees to identify the plant sources on which they forage for pollen or to estimate pesticide exposure of bees via pollen. Described herein is an effective pollen-trapping method for collecting corbicular pollen from honey bees returning to their hives. This collection method results in large quantities of corbicular pollen that can be used for research purposes. Honey bees collect pollen from many plant species, but typically visit one species during each collection trip. Therefore, each corbicular pollen pellet predominantly represents one plant species, and each pollen pellet can be described by color. This allows the sorting of samples of corbicular pollen by color to segregate plant sources. Researchers can further classify corbicular pollen by analyzing the morphology of acetolyzed pollen grains for taxonomic identification. These methods are commonly used in studies related to pollinators such as pollination efficiency, pollinator foraging dynamics, diet quality, and diversity. Detailed methodologies are presented for collecting corbicular pollen using pollen traps, sorting pollen by color, and acetolyzing pollen grains. Also presented are results pertaining to the frequency of pellet colors and taxa of corbicular pollen collected from honey bees in five different cropping systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Lucas
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - Ramesh Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Milone JP, Chakrabarti P, Sagili RR, Tarpy DR. Colony-level pesticide exposure affects honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) royal jelly production and nutritional composition. Chemosphere 2021; 263:128183. [PMID: 33297150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees provision glandular secretions in the form of royal jelly as larval nourishment to developing queens. Exposure to chemicals and nutritional conditions can influence queen development and thus impact colony fitness. Previous research reports that royal jelly remains pesticide-free during colony-level exposure and that chemical residues are buffered by the nurse bees. However, the impacts of pesticides can also manifest in quality and quantity of royal jelly produced by nurse bees. Here, we tested how colony exposure to a multi-pesticide pollen treatment influences the amount of royal jelly provisioned per queen and the additional impacts on royal jelly nutritional quality. We observed differences in the metabolome, proteome, and phytosterol compositions of royal jelly synthesized by nurse bees from multi-pesticide exposed colonies, including significant reductions of key nutrients such as 24-methylenecholesterol, major royal jelly proteins, and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid. Additionally, quantity of royal jelly provisioned per queen was lower in colonies exposed to pesticides, but this effect was colony-dependent. Pesticide treatment had a greater impact on royal jelly nutritional composition than the weight of royal jelly provisioned per queen cell. These novel findings highlight the indirect effects of pesticide exposure on queen developmental nutrition and allude to social consequences of nurse bee glandular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Milone
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David R Tarpy
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakrabarti P, Sagili RR. Changes in Honey Bee Head Proteome in Response to Dietary 24-Methylenecholesterol. Insects 2020; 11:E743. [PMID: 33138161 PMCID: PMC7693931 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are important micronutrients that are precursors of important molting hormones and help maintain cellular membrane integrity in insects including bees. Previous research has shown that 24-methylenecholesterol is a key phytosterol that enhances honey bee longevity and improves nurse bee physiology. Nurse bees have the ability to selectively transfer this sterol to developing larvae through brood food. This study examines the physiological impacts of 24-methylenecholesterol on nurse bees, by analyzing the protein profiles of nurse bee heads upon dietary sterol manipulation. Dietary experimental groups consisting of newly emerged honey bees were provided with varying concentrations of 24-methylenecholesterol for three weeks. At the end of the study, honey bees were collected and proteomic analysis was performed on honey bee heads. A total of 1715 proteins were identified across experimental groups. The mean relative abundances of nutritional marker proteins (viz. major royal jelly proteins 1, 4, 5, 7) were higher in experimental groups supplemented with higher dietary sterol concentrations, when compared with the control dietary group. The mean relative abundances of important enzymatic proteins (aminopeptidase and calcium-transporting ATPase) were higher in control groups, whereas mean relative abundances of oxysterol-binding protein and fatty acid-binding protein were higher in higher dietary sterol groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh R. Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chakrabarti P, Carlson EA, Lucas HM, Melathopoulos AP, Sagili RR. Field rates of Sivanto™ (flupyradifurone) and Transform® (sulfoxaflor) increase oxidative stress and induce apoptosis in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233033. [PMID: 32437365 PMCID: PMC7241780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposures can have detrimental impacts on bee pollinators, ranging from immediate mortality to sub-lethal impacts. Flupyradifurone is the active ingredient in Sivanto™ and sulfoxaflor is the active ingredient in Transform®. They are both relatively new insecticides developed with an intent to reduce negative effects on bees, when applied to bee-attractive crops. With the growing concern regarding pollinator health and pollinator declines, it is important to have a better understanding of any potential negative impacts, especially sub-lethal, of these pesticides on bees. This study reports novel findings regarding physiological stress experienced by bees exposed to field application rates of these two insecticides via a Potter Tower sprayer. Two contact exposure experiments were conducted-a shorter 6-hour study and a longer 10-day study. Honey bee mortality, sugar syrup and water consumption, and physiological responses (oxidative stress and apoptotic protein assays) were assessed in bees exposed to Sivanto™ and Transform®, and compared to bees in control group. For the longer, 10-day contact exposure experiment, only the Sivanto™ group was compared to the control group, as high mortality recorded in the sulfoxaflor treatment group during the shorter contact exposure experiment, made the latter group unfeasible to test in the longer 10-days experiment. In both the studies, sugar syrup and water consumptions were significantly different between treatment groups and controls. The highest mortality was observed in Transform® exposed bees, followed by the Sivanto™ exposed bees. Estimates of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species indicated significantly elevated oxidative stress in both pesticide treatment groups, when compared to controls. Caspase-3 protein assays, an indicator of onset of apoptosis, was also significantly higher in the pesticide treatment groups. These differences were largely driven by post exposure duration, indicating sub-lethal impacts. Further, our findings also emphasize the need to revisit contact exposure impacts of Sivanto™, given the sub-lethal impacts and mortality observed in our long-term (10-day) contact exposure experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily A. Carlson
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hannah M. Lucas
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andony P. Melathopoulos
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ramesh R. Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chakrabarti P, Lucas HM, Sagili RR. Evaluating Effects of a Critical Micronutrient (24-Methylenecholesterol) on Honey Bee Physiology. Ann Entomol Soc Am 2020; 113:176-182. [PMID: 32410742 PMCID: PMC7212396 DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although poor nutrition is cited as one of the crucial factors in global pollinator decline, the requirements and role of several important nutrients (especially micronutrients) in honey bees are not well understood. Micronutrients, viz. phytosterols, play a physiologically vital role in insects as precursors of important molting hormones and building blocks of cellular membranes. There is a gap in comprehensive understanding of the impacts of dietary sterols on honey bee physiology. In the present study, we investigated the role of 24-methylenecholesterol-a key phytosterol-in honey bee nutritional physiology. Artificial diets with varying concentrations of 24-methylenecholesterol (0%, 0.1%. 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% dry diet weight) were formulated and fed to honey bees in a laboratory cage experiment. Survival, diet consumption, head protein content, and abdominal lipid contents were significantly higher in dietary sterol-supplemented bees. Our findings provide additional insights regarding the role of this important sterol in honey bee nutritional physiology. The insights gleaned from this study could also advance the understanding of sterol metabolism and regulation in other bee species that are dependent on pollen for sterols, and assist in formulation of a more complete artificial diet for honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah M Lucas
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chakrabarti P, Lucas HM, Sagili RR. Novel Insights into Dietary Phytosterol Utilization and Its Fate in Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera L.). Molecules 2020; 25:E571. [PMID: 32012964 PMCID: PMC7036750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor nutrition is an important factor in global bee population declines. A significant gap in knowledge persists regarding the role of various nutrients (especially micronutrients) in honey bees. Sterols are essential micronutrients in insect diets and play a physiologically vital role as precursors of important molting hormones and building blocks of cellular membranes. Sterol requirements and metabolism in honey bees are poorly understood. Among all pollen sterols, 24-methylenecholesterol is considered the key phytosterol required by honey bees. Nurse bees assimilate this sterol from dietary sources and store it in their tissues as endogenous sterol, to be transferred to the growing larvae through brood food. This study examined the duration of replacement of such endogenous sterols in honey bees. The dietary 13C-labeled isotopomer of 24-methylenecholesterol added to artificial bee diet showed differential, progressive in vivo assimilation across various honey bee tissues. Significantly higher survival, diet consumption, head protein content and abdominal lipid content were observed in the dietary sterol-supplemented group than in the control group. These findings provide novel insights into phytosterol utilization and temporal pattern of endogenous 24-methylenecholesterol replacement in honey bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Hannah M Lucas
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hooven LA, Chakrabarti P, Harper BJ, Sagili RR, Harper SL. Potential Risk to Pollinators from Nanotechnology-Based Pesticides. Molecules 2019; 24:E4458. [PMID: 31817417 PMCID: PMC6943562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in populations of insect pollinators is a global concern. While multiple factors are implicated, there is uncertainty surrounding the contribution of certain groups of pesticides to losses in wild and managed bees. Nanotechnology-based pesticides (NBPs) are formulations based on multiple particle sizes and types. By packaging active ingredients in engineered particles, NBPs offer many benefits and novel functions, but may also exhibit different properties in the environment when compared with older pesticide formulations. These new properties raise questions about the environmental disposition and fate of NBPs and their exposure to pollinators. Pollinators such as honey bees have evolved structural adaptations to collect pollen, but also inadvertently gather other types of environmental particles which may accumulate in hive materials. Knowledge of the interaction between pollinators, NBPs, and other types of particles is needed to better understand their exposure to pesticides, and essential for characterizing risk from diverse environmental contaminants. The present review discusses the properties, benefits and types of nanotechnology-based pesticides, the propensity of bees to collect such particles and potential impacts on bee pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa A. Hooven
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Bryan J. Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Ramesh R. Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Agriculture and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Stacey L. Harper
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Topitzhofer E, Lucas H, Chakrabarti P, Breece C, Bryant V, Sagili RR. Assessment of Pollen Diversity Available to Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Major Cropping Systems During Pollination in the Western United States. J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:2040-2048. [PMID: 31237612 PMCID: PMC6756777 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Global western honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colony declines pose a significant threat to food production worldwide. Poor nutrition resulting from habitat loss, extensive monocultures, and agricultural intensification is among the several suggested drivers for colony declines. Pollen is the primary source of protein for honey bees; therefore, both pollen abundance and diversity are critical for colony growth and survival. Many cropping systems that employ honey bee colonies for pollination may lack sufficient pollen diversity and abundance to provide optimal bee nutrition. In this observational study, we documented the diversity and relative abundance of pollen collected by honey bees in five major pollinator-dependent crops in the western United States. We sampled pollen from pollen traps installed on honey bee colonies in the following cropping systems-almond, cherry, highbush blueberry, hybrid carrot, and meadowfoam. The pollen diversity was estimated by documenting the number of different pollen pellet colors and plant taxa found in each pollen sample. The lowest pollen diversity was found in almond crop. Relatively higher quantities of pollen collection were collected in almond, cherry, and meadowfoam cropping systems. The information gleaned from this study regarding pollen diversity and abundance may help growers, land managers, and beekeepers improve pollen forage available to bees in these cropping systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Lucas
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - Carolyn Breece
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Vaughn Bryant
- Department of Anthropology, Palynology Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant annual honey bee colony losses have been reported in the USA and across the world over the past years. Malnutrition is one among several causative factors for such declines. Optimal nutrition serves as the first line of defense against multiple stressors such as parasites/pathogens and pesticides. Given the importance of nutrition, it is imperative to understand bee nutrition holistically, identifying dietary sources that may fulfill bee nutritional needs. Pollen is the primary source of protein for bees and is critical for brood rearing and colony growth. Currently, there is significant gap in knowledge regarding the chemical and nutritional composition of pollen. METHODS Targeted sterol analysis and untargeted metabolomics were conducted on five commercially available crop pollens, three bee-collected crop pollens, three vegetable oils (often added to artificial protein supplements by beekeepers), and one commonly used artificial protein supplement. RESULTS This study reports key phytosterols and metabolites present across a spectrum of bee diets, including some of the major bee-pollinated crop pollens in the western United States. Significant differences were observed in sterol concentrations among the dietary sources tested. Among all quantified sterols, the highest concentrations were observed for 24-methylenecholesterol and further, pollen samples exhibited the highest 24-methylenecholesterol among all diet sources that were tested. Also, 236 metabolites were identified across all dietary sources examined. CONCLUSION Information gleaned from this study is crucial in understanding the nutritional landscape available to all bee pollinators and may further assist in future efforts to develop comprehensive database of nutrients and metabolites present in all bee diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery T Morré
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hannah M Lucas
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chakrabarti P, Sarkar S, Basu P. Pesticide induced visual abnormalities in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana L.) in intensive agricultural landscapes. Chemosphere 2019; 230:51-58. [PMID: 31102871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide stress is one of the important factors for global bee declines. Apart from physiological and developmental anomalies, pesticides also impose cognitive damages on bees. The present study investigates the visual acuity of wild populations of honey bees, in an agricultural intensification landscape, and corroborates the findings with controlled laboratory experiments. Even though overall morphometric examinations revealed no significant differences between the populations, correct color choices by bees in pesticide exposed populations were significantly reduced. The study reports, for the first time, the significant reduction in ommatidia facet diameter in these populations, as viewed under scanning electron microscope, along with the molecular underpinnings to these findings. Western blot studies revealed a significant reduction in expression of two visual proteins - blue-sensitive opsin and rhodopsin - in the pesticide exposed populations in both field and laboratory conditions. The novel findings from this study form the basis for further investigations into the effects of field realistic doses of multiple pesticide exposures on wild populations of honey bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Parthiba Basu
- University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chakrabarti P, Sarkar S, Basu P. Field Populations of Wild Apis cerana Honey Bees Exhibit Increased Genetic Diversity Under Pesticide Stress Along an Agricultural Intensification Gradient in Eastern India. J Insect Sci 2018; 18:4995084. [PMID: 29762714 PMCID: PMC5946827 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have been reported to be one of the major drivers in the global pollinator losses. The large-scale decline in honey bees, an important pollinator group, has resulted in comprehensive studies on honey bee colonies. Lack of information on native wild pollinators has paved the way for this study, which highlights the underlying evolutionary changes occurring in the wild honey bee populations exposed to pesticides along an agricultural intensification landscape. The study reports an increased genetic diversity in native Apis cerana Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations continually exposed to pesticide stress. An increased heterozygosity, evidenced by a higher electrophoretic banding pattern, was observed in the pesticide-exposed populations for two isozymes involved with xenobiotic metabolism-esterase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Differential banding patterns also revealed a higher percentage of polymorphic loci, number of polymorphic bands, Nei's genetic distance, etc. observed in these populations in the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) experiments using three random decamer primers. Higher heterozygosity, being indicative of a more resistant population, implies population survival within the threshold pesticide stress. This study reports such changes for the first time in native wild Indian honey bee populations exposed to pesticides and has far-reaching implications on the population adaptability under pesticide stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Parthiba Basu
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jana TK, Pal A, Mandal AK, Sarwar S, Chakrabarti P, Chatterjee K. Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Performance of α-Fe2
O3
Nanostructures. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Jana
- Dept of Physics and Technophysics; Vidyasagar University; Midnapore - 721102 India
| | - A. Pal
- Dept of Physics and Technophysics; Vidyasagar University; Midnapore - 721102 India
| | - A. K. Mandal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory; Dept. of Sericulture; Raiganj University; Raiganj - 733134 India
| | - S. Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry; Bose Institute; Kolkata 700054 India
| | - P. Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry; Bose Institute; Kolkata 700054 India
| | - K. Chatterjee
- Dept of Physics and Technophysics; Vidyasagar University; Midnapore - 721102 India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kaissis G, Ettlinger F, Ahmaddy F, Chakrabarti P, Christ P, Menze B, Weichert W, Rummeny E, Braren R. Die Hauptkomponentenanalyse von ADC-Histogrammen als prädiktiver Faktor im HCC. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kaissis
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, München
| | - F Ettlinger
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Informatikanwendungen in der Medizin & Augmented Reality, München
| | - F Ahmaddy
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, München
| | - P Chakrabarti
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Informatikanwendungen in der Medizin & Augmented Reality, München
| | - P Christ
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Informatikanwendungen in der Medizin & Augmented Reality, München
| | - B Menze
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Informatikanwendungen in der Medizin & Augmented Reality, München
| | - W Weichert
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Pathologie, München
| | - E Rummeny
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, München
| | - R Braren
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, München
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Şen Karaman D, Sarwar S, Desai D, Björk EM, Odén M, Chakrabarti P, Rosenholm JM, Chakraborti S. Shape engineering boosts antibacterial activity of chitosan coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle doped with silver: a mechanistic investigation. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3292-3304. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of antibacterial activity of MSPs with high aspect ratio and surface modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Şen Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - S. Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054
- India
| | - D. Desai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - E. M. Björk
- Nanostructured Materials Division
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology
- Linköping University
- Sweden
| | - M. Odén
- Nanostructured Materials Division
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology
- Linköping University
- Sweden
| | - P. Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054
- India
| | - J. M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - S. Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vyas S, Singh S, Chakrabarti P. Tailoring Energy Bandgap of Al Doped ZnO Thin Films Grown by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Method. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:9636-9642. [PMID: 26682390 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.11619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of our experimental investigation pertaining to tailoring of energy bandgap and other associated characteristics of undoped and Al doped ZnO (AZO) thin film by varying the atomic concentration of Al in ZnO. Thin films of ZnO and ZnO doped with Al (1, 3, and 5 atomic percent (at.%)) were deposited on silicon substrate for structural characterization and on glass substrate for optical characterization. The dependence of structural and optical properties of Al doped ZnO on the atomic concentration of Al added to ZnO has been reported. On the basis of the experimental results an empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the energy bandgap of AZO theoretically in the range of 1 to 5 at.% of Al. The study revealed that AZO films are composed of smaller and larger number of grains as compared to pure ZnO counterpart and density of the grains was found to increase as the Al concentration increased (from 1 to 5 at.%). The transmittance in the visible region was greater than 90% and found to increase with increasing Al concentration up to 5 at.%. The optical bandgap was found to increase initially with increase in atomic concentration of Al concentration up to 3 at.% and decrease thereafter with increasing concentration of Al.
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- M W Khan
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh S, Chakrabarti P. Effect of mesa structure formation on the electrical properties of zinc oxide thin film transistors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:3552-3556. [PMID: 24734586 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ZnO based bottom-gate thin film transistor (TFT) with SiO2 as insulating layer has been fabricated with two different structures. The effect of formation of mesa structure on the electrical characteristics of the TFTs has been studied. The formation of mesa structure of ZnO channel region can definitely result in better control over channel region and enhance value of channel mobility of ZnO TFT. As a result, by fabricating a mesa structured TFT, a better value of mobility and on-state current are achieved at low voltages. A typical saturation current of 1.85 x 10(-7) A under a gate bias of 50 V is obtained for non mesa structure TFT while for mesa structured TFT saturation current of 5 x 10(-5) A can be obtained at comparatively very low gate bias of 6.4 V.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghosh SK, Chakrabarti P. Topological organization and functional aspects of the olfactory epithelium of whipfin silver biddy Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier 1829). Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:245-50. [PMID: 24175435 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.245.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization of different cells lining the olfactory epithelium of Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier 1829) were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy respectively to correlate their role in olfaction. The fan shaped olfactory rosette of G. filamentosus was more or less oval in outline and composed of 13 lamellae of different sizes in both sides. The olfactory epithelium was partitioned into sensory and non-sensory regions. The sensory epithelium was restricted on the flat apical end of the lamellae and embossed with two types of receptor cells bearing either cilia or microvilli. The non-sensory epithelium, covering the middle and basal region of lamellae was comprised of stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells. The orientation of various cells in the surface contour of olfactory epithelium was discussed in light of their functional significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ghosh
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yadav AB, Periasamy C, Chakrabarti P, Jit S. Hydrogen Gas Sensing Properties of Pd/Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films Based Schottky Contacts at Room Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1166/asem.2013.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Singh S, Chakrabarti P. Simulation, fabrication and characterization of ZnO based thin film transistors grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:1880-1885. [PMID: 22754993 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the performance of the thin film transistors (TFTs) using ZnO as an active channel layer grown by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The bottom gate type TFT, consists of a conventional thermally grown SiO2 as gate insulator onto p-type Si substrates. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the ZnO films are preferentially orientated in the (002) plane, with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. A typical ZnO TFT fabricated by this method exhibits saturation field effect mobility of about 0.6134 cm2/V s, an on to off ratio of 102, an off current of 2.0 x 10(-7) A, and a threshold voltage of 3.1 V at room temperature. Simulation of this TFT is also carried out by using the commercial software modeling tool ATLAS from Silvaco-International. The simulated global characteristics of the device were compared and contrasted with those measured experimentally. The experimental results are in fairly good agreement with those obtained from simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaivalini Singh
- Center for Research in Microelectronics, Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Chakrabarti P, Ghosh B. Cytoarchitectural and surface ultrastructural analysis of the olfactory epithelium of Oreochromis nilotica (Linnaeus). Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2011; 70:143-148. [PMID: 21866523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory organ of Oreochromis nilotica was studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopes. The oval shaped olfactory apparatus consists of 19-20 lamellae radiating from a central raphe. The receptor epithelium occupies the restricted area of the middle swollen region of the lamellae and is framed with receptor cells (both ciliated and microvillous) and rod cells. The larger part of the lateral surface of the olfactory lamella is covered with non-receptor epithelium, which is made up of stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells. The functional significance of various cells lining the olfactory epithelium of this fish are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Golapbag, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chakrabarti P, Ghosh SK. Histological and ultrastructural studies of the olfactory epithelium of spotted butter fish Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus). Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2011; 70:74-79. [PMID: 21630226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated olfactory organ is made up of 20 to 22 primary lamellae arranged on both sides of the narrow median raphe. Sensory and non-sensory regions are located separately on each lamella. The sensory epithelium occupies the upper apical broad half and extreme basal part of the olfactory lamellae whereas the middle slender part is covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium consists of ciliated, microvillus, and crypt cells. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of stratified epithelial cells having different patterns of finger-like micro-ridges and mucous cells. Different cells lining the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional views of the fish concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Golapbag, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ghosh SK, Chakrabarti P. Cellular organisation and functions of the olfactory epithelium of pearl spot Etroplus suratensis (Bloch): a light and scanning electron microscopic study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2010; 69:154-159. [PMID: 21154285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cellular organisation of the olfactory rosettes of Etroplus suratensis was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The oval shaped olfactory rosette of the fish consists of 12 lamellae radiating from a central raphe. The olfactory lamellae are comprised of restricted areas of sensory epithelium and broad areas of non-sensory epithelium in the apical, middle, and basal regions. The sensory epithelium contains three types of receptor cells: microvillus, ciliated, and rod cells, as well as labyrinth cells and supporting cells. The non-sensory epithelium consists of stratified epithelial and mucous cells. The transitional region between the sensory and non-sensory epithelium consists of ciliated receptor cells, mucous cells, and stratified epithelial cells. The different cells on the olfactory epithelium were discussed regarding the functional significance of the fish concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ghosh
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ali GM, Dwivedi ADD, Singh S, Chakrabarti P. Interface properties and junction behavior of Pd contact on ZnO thin film grown by vacuum deposition technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200982409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Chakrabarti P, Ghosh SK. Histological and scanning electron microscopical study of the olfactory epithelium of the Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton). Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2010; 69:24-29. [PMID: 20235046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The histological and micro-architecture of different cells lining the olfactory epithelium in Catla catla (Hamilton) have been studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopes. The oval olfactory rosette of the fish consists of a rosette of 30 to 32 primary lamellae. Each lamella is provided with restricted area of sensory epithelium in the middle region while the apical and basal part of the lamella consists of non-sensory epithelium. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of patches of ciliated supporting cells, epidermal or stratified epithelial cells with concentrically arranged microridges and scattered mucous cells. The sensory epithelium contains two types of receptor cell (microvillar and flagellated) and mucous cells. The multilayer olfactory organ in C. catla provides an acute sense of smell, and various aspects of their existence are mediated through olfactory cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chakrabarti P, Chaudhuri U, Nath U. A574 Generic Bortezomib-Induced Severe Peripheral Neuropathy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1557-9190(11)70623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Chakrabarti P, Das BK, Kapil A. Application of 16S rDNA based seminested PCR for diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. Indian J Med Res 2009; 129:182-188. [PMID: 19293446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis remains a challenge to the clinician because of its rapid lethal course lacking the consistency to particular clinical signs and symptoms. Moreover, in many clinical settings use of rampant and short course antibiotic therapy prior to lumbar puncture reduces the chance of isolation of bacteria in CSF culture making the diagnosis difficult. The present study was done to evaluate a multiplex seminested PCR based method for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis even after initiation of antibiotics. METHODS A 16S rDNA based PCR technique was evaluated using universal bacterial primers to detect any bacterial pathogen in CSF samples. The simultaneous use of three species-specific primers in a multiplex and seminested PCR format was done to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis within 4 h. RESULTS Analysis of 267 CSF samples obtained from suspected cases of acute bacterial meningitis revealed 94 per cent concordance in results for conventional (Gram stain and culture) and molecular methods. Conventional techniques failed to detect five PCR positive samples where clinical diagnosis, cell count and biochemical findings of CSF supported the evidence of infection. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 16S rDNA PCR were 79.24, 97.6, 89.36 and 94.88 per cent respectively when culture was considered as gold standard. The detection limit of 16S rDNA PCR was determined to be 1000 cfu/ml of E. coli and 4000 cfu/ml of S. pneumoniae. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The results suggest that 16S rDNA PCR can be used as a valuable supplementary test in routine clinical practice for diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in hospital setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chakrabarti P, Ghosh SK. Ultrastructural organisation and functional aspects of the olfactory epithelium of Wallago attu (Bleeker). Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2009; 68:40-44. [PMID: 19384829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The topological architecture and functions of different cells of the olfactory epithelium in Wallago attu (Bleeker) have been systematically studied using a scanning electron microscope. The elongated olfactory rosette of the fish consists of 62 to 64 primary lamellae in each left and right rosette. Each lamella is provided with apical sensory epithelium and basal non-sensory epithelium. Topological analysis reveals that sensory epithelium contains receptor cells, ciliated supporting cells, labyrinth cells, and goblet cells. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of patches of ciliated supporting cells, epidermal or stratified epithelial cells with concentrically arranged microridges, and scattered goblet cells. Different cells on the olfactory epithelium support the view that the olfactory signalling is important to the survival of this fish in an aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chakrabarti P, Guharoy M. Protein–protein interactions: structural features and empirical estimation of free energy of binding. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308079816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
39
|
Mukherjee P, Dutta M, Datta P, Dasgupta A, Pradhan R, Pradhan M, Kundu M, Basu J, Chakrabarti P. The RD1-encoded antigen Rv3872 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a potential candidate for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:146-152. [PMID: 17328726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infections in India account for one-third of the global burden, making it important to develop speedy, cost-effective diagnostic tools. This study evaluated recombinant RD1-encoded antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as tools for serodiagnosis by determining the immunological reactivity of these proteins against sera from healthy, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated and TB-infected individuals from Kolkata. Rv3872, Rv3875 (ESAT-6) and Rv3878 were able to discriminate healthy BCG-vaccinated controls from TB patients. Rv3872 showed the highest level of antibody response in comparison with other antigens, and also showed statistically significant differences between pulmonary (p <0.0001) or extra-pulmonary (p <0.001) TB patients and healthy BCG-vaccinated individuals. The levels of antibody were measured using 20-mer overlapping peptides spanning the entire Rv3872 sequence. The immunological reactivity against a mixture of two peptides (P8 and P9) encompassing amino-acids 57-84 correlated well with that obtained using full-length Rv3872. This result was explained by the fact that two of the predicted regions of high antigenicity lie within amino-acid residues 57-85 of Rv3872. The high sensitivity and specificity of Rv3872, as well as the mixture of two synthetic overlapping peptides derived from Rv3872, highlight their potential and argue in favour of their use in serodiagnosis of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - P Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - A Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - R Pradhan
- Bengal Tuberculosis Association, Kolkata, India
| | - M Pradhan
- Bengal Tuberculosis Association, Kolkata, India
| | - M Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - J Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - P Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chakrabarti P, Hazra Choudhury S. The fine structural organization of the olfactory epithelium of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus): a scanning electron microscopic study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2007; 66:10-4. [PMID: 17533588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The fine anatomical structures of the olfactory epithelium of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) have been systematically studied with the help of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The olfactory rosette is an oval structure composed of a number of lamellae arranged on a median raphe. A large part of the lateral surface of the rosette is covered with non-receptor epithelium, whereas the receptor epithelium occupies a much smaller area in the middle part. The nonreceptor epithelium is covered with a tuft of ciliated supporting cells, among which the stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells are located. The receptor epithelium is represented by the flagellated and microvillus receptor and supporting cells. Different cells on the olfactory epithelium correlate with the functional significance of the fish concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mondal BC, Majumdar S, Dasgupta UB, Chaudhuri U, Chakrabarti P, Bhattacharyya S. e19a2 BCR-ABL fusion transcript in typical chronic myeloid leukaemia: a report of two cases. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:1102-3. [PMID: 17021137 PMCID: PMC1861751 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.029595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This report describes two patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML): one of them developed accelerated phase CML and died 8 years after diagnosis and the other is at the chronic phase. Sequence analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products showed the presence of BCR-ABL fusion transcript e19a2. This finding suggests that CML carrying mu-BCR breakpoint may exhibit a clinical course similar to typical CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Mondal
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chakrabarti P. Histological and histochemical studies on the olfactory rosette of Mugil parsia (Hamilton). Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2005; 64:41-6. [PMID: 15832269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The structure and functions of the olfactory organs in Mugil parsia (Ham.) has been described. Histologically each lamella consists of supporting, olfactory receptor, basal, labyrinth and mast cells. The distribution and localization of acid and neutral mucins in the various cells of olfactory epithelium in M. parsia has been studied histochemically. Variations in the localization of glycogen in the different cells of the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional significance of the region concerned in the fish studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, 713104 West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chakrabarti P, Samantaray JC, Malik S. Mixed infection with three intestinal coccidian parasites in an AIDS patient. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:975. [PMID: 15884456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chakrabarti P, Bhattacharyya R, Saha R, Samanta U. Stereospecific interactions of histidine with other planar groups in protein structures. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
45
|
|
46
|
Pal D, Mahapatra P, Manna T, Chakrabarti P, Bhattacharyya B, Banerjee A, Basu G, Roy S. Conformational properties of alpha-tubulin tail peptide: implications for tail-body interaction. Biochemistry 2001; 40:15512-9. [PMID: 11747426 DOI: 10.1021/bi015677t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The carboxy-terminal segments of the alpha/beta-tubulins are flexible regions rich in acidic amino acid residues. It is generally believed that these regions play crucial roles in tubulin polymerization and interaction with many ligands, including colchicine. Exactly how these effects are exerted are not known at present. One such interesting aspect is the pH dependence of colchicine-tubulin interaction and the influence of the alpha-tail on the binding interaction. We have investigated the location of the colchicine-binding site on tubulin by docking. It has been located on the alpha/beta interface on the N-terminal side, which is also supported by much of the solution data. This location is too far from the tail regions, suggesting that influence of the tail region is transmitted by a pH-dependent conformational change. Two-dimensional NMR studies indicate that at pH 7 a 13-residue peptide corresponding to alpha-tubulin tail shows little NOE constraints, suggesting extended conformation. On the contrary, at pH 5, a relatively compact structure was deduced from the interproton NOE constraints. Pulsed field gradient measurement of diffusion constant indicates that the peptide at pH 5 is substantially faster diffusing than at pH 7. The Perrin factors calculated from diffusion data indicates that the peptide structure at pH is significantly more compact than at pH 7. Temperature coefficients of several amide protons at pH 5 fall below 5 ppb/(o)K, indicating a degree of protection. A difference is also seen in the CD spectra obtained at different pHs, consistent with the NMR data. We have investigated the probable spatial organization of the tail of the alpha-subunit of tubulin, in the high pH extended form and the low pH compact form. On the basis of correlation of pH dependence of many properties of tubulin and the conformation of the alpha-tail peptide, we propose that the intrinsic conformational preference of the tail-region modulate the tail-body interaction, which in turn has important bearing on colchicine binding properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Calcutta 700 054, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Datta AB, Chakrabarti P, Subramanya HS, Parrack P. Purification and crystallization of CII: an unstable transcription activator from phage lambda. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:997-1000. [PMID: 11689008 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CII protein of the temperate bacteriophage lambda is a transcriptional activator involved in the lysis-lysogeny switch of the phage. It is an unstable protein of 97 amino acids and is known to exist as a tetramer in the native state. The cII gene has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli using a T7 promoter based over-expression system. The recombinant CII protein has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by two steps of ion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein crystallized at pH 8.2 in hanging-drop vapor diffusion method at 293 K. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.8 A and belong to the space group C222 with unit-cell parameters a = 64.10, b = 106.95 and c = 120.16 A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Of all the nonbonded interactions, hydrogen bond, because of its geometry involving polar atoms, is the most easily recognizable. Here we characterize two interactions involving the divalent sulfur of methionine (Met) residues that do not need any participation of proton. In one an oxygen atom of the main-chain carbonyl group or a carboxylate side chain is used. In another an aromatic atom interacting along the face of the ring is utilized. In these, the divalent sulfur behaves as an electrophile and the other electron-rich atom, a nucleophile. The stereochemistry of the interaction is such that the nucleophile tends to approach approximately along the extension of one of the covalent bonds to S. The nitrogen atom of histidine side chain is extensively used in these nonbonded contacts. There is no particular geometric pattern in the interaction of S with the edge of an aromatic ring, except when an N-H group in involved, which is found within 40 degrees from the perpendicular to the sulfide plane, thus defining the geometry of hydrogen bond interaction involving the sulfur atom. As most of the Met residues which partake in such stereospecific interactions are buried, these would be important for the stability of the protein core, and their incorporation in the binding site would be useful for molecular recognition and optimization of the site's affinity for partners (especially containing aromatic and heteroaromatic groups). Mutational studies aimed at replacing Met by other residues would benefit from the delineation of these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The accurate determination of a large number of protein structures by X-ray crystallography makes it possible to conduct a reliable statistical analysis of the distribution of the main-chain and side-chain conformational angles, how these are dependent on residue type, adjacent residue in the sequence, secondary structure, residue-residue interactions and location at the polypeptide chain termini. The interrelationship between the main-chain (phi, psi) and side-chain (chi 1) torsion angles leads to a classification of amino acid residues that simplify the folding alphabet considerably and can be a guide to the design of new proteins or mutational studies. Analyses of residues occurring with disallowed main-chain conformation or with multiple conformations shed some light on why some residues are less favoured in thermophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, 700 054, Calcutta, India. boseinst.ernet.in
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shapiro R, Jordan ML, Scantlebury VP, Vivas CA, Jain A, Chakrabarti P, McCauley J, Johnston J, Randhawa P, Rao A, Fung JJ, Corry RJ. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh. Clin Transpl 2001:217-21. [PMID: 11038640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the SPK program at the University of Pittsburgh has led to a number of observations: 1. Under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, without antibody induction, it has been possible to achieve (a) One- and 3-year actuarial patient survival rates of 98% and 95% (b) One- and 3-year actuarial kidney survival rates of 95% and 87% (c) One- and 3-year actuarial pancreas survival rates of 86% and 80% 2. Steroid withdrawal has been achieved in over half of the successfully transplanted recipients, with excellent outcomes and a low rate (4.7%) of subsequent rejection. 3. Bone marrow augmentation has been associated with (a) less rejection (b) less pancreatic graft loss to rejection (c) an increased ability to withdraw steroids 4. Rejection has been associated with a rising serum lipase. 5. Renal allograft rejection in SPK patients with elevated serum lipase levels has been seen in the setting of normal renal function. 6. Enteric drainage has been associated with a reasonably low complication rate. 7. SPK transplantation is a successful therapeutic option in selected type I diabetics with end-stage renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Shapiro
- University of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|