1
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Fovet CM, Pimienta C, Galhaut M, Relouzat F, Nunez N, Cavarelli M, Sconosciuti Q, Dhooge N, Marzinotto I, Lampasona V, Tolazzi M, Scarlatti G, Ho Tsong Fang R, Naninck T, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Van Wassenhove J, Gallouët AS, Maisonnasse P, Le Grand R, Menu E, Seddiki N. A Case Study to Dissect Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a Neonate Nonhuman Primate Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855230. [PMID: 35603150 PMCID: PMC9114777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most children are less severely affected by coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) than adults, and thus more difficult to study progressively. Here, we provide a neonatal nonhuman primate (NHP) deep analysis of early immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in blood and mucosal tissues. In addition, we provide a comparison with SARS-CoV-2-infected adult NHP. Infection of the neonate resulted in a mild disease compared with adult NHPs that develop, in most cases, moderate lung lesions. In concomitance with the viral RNA load increase, we observed the development of an early innate response in the blood, as demonstrated by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and cytokine longitudinal data analyses. This response included the presence of an antiviral type-I IFN gene signature, a persistent and lasting NKT cell population, a balanced peripheral and mucosal IFN-γ/IL-10 cytokine response, and an increase in B cells that was accompanied with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Viral kinetics and immune responses coincided with changes in the microbiota profile composition in the pharyngeal and rectal mucosae. In the mother, viral RNA loads were close to the quantification limit, despite the very close contact with SARS-CoV-2-exposed neonate. This pilot study demonstrates that neonatal NHPs are a relevant model for pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection, permitting insights into the early steps of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Maëlle Fovet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Camille Pimienta
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mathilde Galhaut
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Quentin Sconosciuti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nina Dhooge
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jérôme Van Wassenhove
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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2
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Naninck T, Kahlaoui N, Lemaitre J, Maisonnasse P, De Mori A, Pascal Q, Contreras V, Marlin R, Relouzat F, Delache B, Hérate C, Aldon Y, van Gils M, Zabaleta N, Ho Tsong Fang R, Bosquet N, Sanders RW, Vandenberghe LH, Chapon C, Le Grand R. Computed tomography and [ 18F]-FDG PET imaging provide additional readouts for COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapies evaluation in non-human primates. iScience 2022; 25:104101. [PMID: 35313622 PMCID: PMC8926429 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are particularly relevant as preclinical models for SARS-CoV-2 infection and nuclear imaging may represent a valuable tool for monitoring infection in this species. We investigated the benefit of computed X-ray tomography (CT) and [18F]-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) to monitor the early phase of the disease in a large cohort (n = 76) of SARS-CoV-2 infected macaques. Following infection, animals showed mild COVID-19 symptoms including typical lung lesions. CT scores at the acute phase reflect the heterogeneity of lung burden following infection. Moreover, [18F]-FDG PET revealed that FDG uptake was significantly higher in the lungs, nasal cavities, lung-draining lymph nodes, and spleen of NHPs by 5 days postinfection compared to pre-infection levels, indicating early local inflammation. The comparison of CT and PET data from previous COVID-19 treatments or vaccines we tested in NHP, to this large cohort of untreated animals demonstrated the value of in vivo imaging in preclinical trials. Macaques exposed to SARS-CoV-2 show typical mild COVID-19 lung lesions Infected animals have increased metabolism in airways and some lymphatic organs PET and CT imaging provide an additional readout to assess therapy efficacy
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Antoine De Mori
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Hérate
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit van Gils
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
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3
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Maisonnasse P, Aldon Y, Marc A, Marlin R, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Kuzmina NA, Freyn AW, Snitselaar JL, Gonçalves A, Caniels TG, Burger JA, Poniman M, Bontjer I, Chesnais V, Diry S, Iershov A, Ronk AJ, Jangra S, Rathnasinghe R, Brouwer PJM, Bijl TPL, van Schooten J, Brinkkemper M, Liu H, Yuan M, Mire CE, van Breemen MJ, Contreras V, Naninck T, Lemaître J, Kahlaoui N, Relouzat F, Chapon C, Ho Tsong Fang R, McDanal C, Osei-Twum M, St-Amant N, Gagnon L, Montefiori DC, Wilson IA, Ginoux E, de Bree GJ, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Coughlan L, Bukreyev A, van der Werf S, Guedj J, Sanders RW, van Gils MJ, Le Grand R. COVA1-18 neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 in three preclinical models. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6097. [PMID: 34671037 PMCID: PMC8528857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are urgently needed. Monoclonal antibodies have shown promising results in patients. Here, we evaluate the in vivo prophylactic and therapeutic effect of COVA1-18, a neutralizing antibody highly potent against the B.1.1.7 isolate. In both prophylactic and therapeutic settings, SARS-CoV-2 remains undetectable in the lungs of treated hACE2 mice. Therapeutic treatment also causes a reduction in viral loads in the lungs of Syrian hamsters. When administered at 10 mg kg-1 one day prior to a high dose SARS-CoV-2 challenge in cynomolgus macaques, COVA1-18 shows very strong antiviral activity in the upper respiratory compartments. Using a mathematical model, we estimate that COVA1-18 reduces viral infectivity by more than 95% in these compartments, preventing lymphopenia and extensive lung lesions. Our findings demonstrate that COVA1-18 has a strong antiviral activity in three preclinical models and could be a valuable candidate for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alec W Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonne L Snitselaar
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom G Caniels
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meliawati Poniman
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Adam J Ronk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip J M Brouwer
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P L Bijl
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitch Brinkkemper
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hejun Liu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mariëlle J van Breemen
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Charlene McDanal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute & Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Internal Medicine of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Rogier W Sanders
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Departments of Medical Microbiology of the Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.
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4
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Zabaleta N, Dai W, Bhatt U, Hérate C, Maisonnasse P, Chichester JA, Sanmiguel J, Estelien R, Michalson KT, Diop C, Maciorowski D, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Cavarelli M, Gallouët AS, Naninck T, Kahlaoui N, Lemaitre J, Qi W, Hudspeth E, Cucalon A, Dyer CD, Pampena MB, Knox JJ, LaRocque RC, Charles RC, Li D, Kim M, Sheridan A, Storm N, Johnson RI, Feldman J, Hauser BM, Contreras V, Marlin R, Tsong Fang RH, Chapon C, van der Werf S, Zinn E, Ryan A, Kobayashi DT, Chauhan R, McGlynn M, Ryan ET, Schmidt AG, Price B, Honko A, Griffiths A, Yaghmour S, Hodge R, Betts MR, Freeman MW, Wilson JM, Le Grand R, Vandenberghe LH. An AAV-based, room-temperature-stable, single-dose COVID-19 vaccine provides durable immunogenicity and protection in non-human primates. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1437-1453.e8. [PMID: 34428428 PMCID: PMC8346325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected more than 185 million people worldwide resulting in over 4 million deaths. To contain the pandemic, there is a continued need for safe vaccines that provide durable protection at low and scalable doses and can be deployed easily. Here, AAVCOVID-1, an adeno-associated viral (AAV), spike-gene-based vaccine candidate demonstrates potent immunogenicity in mouse and non-human primates following a single injection and confers complete protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in macaques. Peak neutralizing antibody titers are sustained at 1 year and complemented by functional memory T cell responses. The AAVCOVID vector has no relevant pre-existing immunity in humans and does not elicit cross-reactivity to common AAVs used in gene therapy. Vector genome persistence and expression wanes following injection. The single low-dose requirement, high-yield manufacturability, and 1-month stability for storage at room temperature may make this technology well suited to support effective immunization campaigns for emerging pathogens on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wenlong Dai
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Urja Bhatt
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cécile Hérate
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jessica A Chichester
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julio Sanmiguel
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reynette Estelien
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristofer T Michalson
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cheikh Diop
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dawid Maciorowski
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Lemaitre
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Wenbin Qi
- Novartis Gene Therapies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Allison Cucalon
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia D Dyer
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James J Knox
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Regina C LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maya Kim
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Sheridan
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nadia Storm
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rebecca I Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Eric Zinn
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aisling Ryan
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dione T Kobayashi
- Translational Innovation Fund, Mass General Brigham Innovation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruchi Chauhan
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marion McGlynn
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anna Honko
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Michael R Betts
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mason W Freeman
- Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Department of Medicine, and Translational Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Brouwer PJM, Brinkkemper M, Maisonnasse P, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Grobben M, Claireaux M, de Gast M, Marlin R, Chesnais V, Diry S, Allen JD, Watanabe Y, Giezen JM, Kerster G, Turner HL, van der Straten K, van der Linden CA, Aldon Y, Naninck T, Bontjer I, Burger JA, Poniman M, Mykytyn AZ, Okba NMA, Schermer EE, van Breemen MJ, Ravichandran R, Caniels TG, van Schooten J, Kahlaoui N, Contreras V, Lemaître J, Chapon C, Fang RHT, Villaudy J, Sliepen K, van der Velden YU, Haagmans BL, de Bree GJ, Ginoux E, Ward AB, Crispin M, King NP, van der Werf S, van Gils MJ, Le Grand R, Sanders RW. Two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell 2021; 184:1188-1200.e19. [PMID: 33577765 PMCID: PMC7834972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is continuing to disrupt personal lives, global healthcare systems, and economies. Hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. Here, we present a two-component protein-based nanoparticle vaccine that displays multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Immunization studies show that this vaccine induces potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, rabbits, and cynomolgus macaques. The vaccine-induced immunity protects macaques against a high-dose challenge, resulting in strongly reduced viral infection and replication in the upper and lower airways. These nanoparticles are a promising vaccine candidate to curtail the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J M Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitch Brinkkemper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlon de Gast
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romain Marlin
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Julia M Giezen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gius Kerster
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah L Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia A van der Linden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meliawati Poniman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Z Mykytyn
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nisreen M A Okba
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith E Schermer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marielle J van Breemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle van Schooten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Lemaître
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yme U van der Velden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Ginoux
- Life and Soft, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Petitdemange C, Achour A, Dispinseri S, Malet I, Sennepin A, Ho Tsong Fang R, Crouzet J, Marcelin AG, Calvez V, Scarlatti G, Debré P, Vieillard V. A single amino-acid change in a highly conserved motif of gp41 elicits HIV-1 neutralization and protects against CD4 depletion. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:745-55. [PMID: 23696512 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of neutralizing antibodies against conserved regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein is a major goal of vaccine strategies. We previously identified 3S, a critical conserved motif of gp41 that induces the NKp44L ligand of an activating NK receptor. In vivo, anti-3S antibodies protect against the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated CD4 depletion that occurs without efficient viral neutralization. METHODS Specific substitutions within the 3S peptide motif were prepared by directed mutagenesis. Virus production was monitored by measuring the p24 production. Neutralization assays were performed with immune-purified antibodies from immunized mice and a cohort of HIV-infected patients. Expression of NKp44L on CD4(+) T cells and degranulation assay on activating NK cells were both performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Here, we show that specific substitutions in the 3S motif reduce viral infection without affecting gp41 production, while decreasing both its capacity to induce NKp44L expression on CD4(+) T cells and its sensitivity to autologous NK cells. Generation of antibodies in mice against the W614 specific position in the 3S motif elicited a capacity to neutralize cross-clade viruses, notable in its magnitude, breadth, and durability. Antibodies against this 3S variant were also detected in sera from some HIV-1-infected patients, demonstrating both neutralization activity and protection against CD4 depletion. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a specific substitution in a 3S-based immunogen might allow the generation of specific antibodies, providing a foundation for a rational vaccine that combine a capacity to neutralize HIV-1 and to protect CD4(+) T cells.
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Legrand N, van der Velden GJ, Fang RHT, Douaisi M, Weijer K, Das AT, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH, Berkhout B, Centlivre M. A doxycycline-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicates in vivo without inducing CD4+ T-cell depletion. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2017-2027. [PMID: 22647372 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel genetic approach for the control of virus replication was used for the design of a conditionally replicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variant, HIV-rtTA. HIV-rtTA gene expression and virus replication are strictly dependent on the presence of a non-toxic effector molecule, doxycycline (dox), and thus can be turned on and off at will in a graded and reversible manner. The in vivo replication capacity, pathogenicity and genetic stability of this HIV-rtTA variant were evaluated in a humanized mouse model of haematopoiesis that harbours lymphoid and myeloid components of the human immune system (HIS). Infection of dox-fed BALB Rag/γc HIS (BRG-HIS) mice with HIV-rtTA led to the establishment of a productive infection without CD4(+) T-cell depletion. The virus did not show any sign of escape from dox control for up to 10 weeks after the onset of infection. No reversion towards a functional Tat-transactivating responsive (TAR) RNA element axis was observed, confirming the genetic stability of the HIV-rtTA variant in vivo. These results demonstrate the proof of concept that HIV-rtTA replicates efficiently in vivo. HIV-rtTA is a promising tool for fundamental research to study virus-host interactions in vivo in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Legrand
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela J van der Velden
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marc Douaisi
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kees Weijer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Atze T Das
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Center for Immunology of Amsterdam (CIA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille Centlivre
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Viollet L, Monceaux V, Petit F, Ho Tsong Fang R, Cumont MC, Hurtrel B, Estaquier J. Death of CD4+ T cells from lymph nodes during primary SIVmac251 infection predicts the rate of AIDS progression. J Immunol 2007; 177:6685-94. [PMID: 17082581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and virological events that occur during the earliest stages of SIV infection are now considered to have a major impact on subsequent disease progression. In the present study, we demonstrate a clear correlation between progression to AIDS and the rate of in vitro CD4+ (but not CD8+) T cell death in lymph nodes. The dying CD4+ T cells were effector memory T cells, which are critical for the immune response to pathogens. However, there was no correlation between the rate of the viral replication within lymph nodes and the extent of Fas ligand-mediated death, despite the increased sensitivity of CD4+ T cells to death in response to recombinant human Fas ligand. CD4+ T cell death was caspase and apoptosis-inducing factor independent but was clearly associated with mitochondrion damage. Interestingly, higher expression levels of the active form of Bak, a proapoptotic molecule involved in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, were observed in SIV-infected macaques progressing more rapidly to AIDS. Finally, we demonstrated that the strain of SIV we used requires CCR5 and BOB/GRP15 molecules as coreceptors and caused death of unstimulated noncycling primary CD4+ T cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CD4+ T cell death occurring early after SIV infection is a crucial determinant of progression to AIDS and that it is mediated by the intrinsic death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Viollet
- Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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10
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Centlivre M, Sommer P, Michel M, Ho Tsong Fang R, Gofflo S, Valladeau J, Schmitt N, Wain-Hobson S, Sala M. The HIV-1 clade C promoter is particularly well adapted to replication in the gut in primary infection. AIDS 2006; 20:657-66. [PMID: 16514295 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000216365.38572.2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coinfection of rhesus macaques with human/simian immunodeficiency virus chimeras harbouring the minimal core-promoter/enhancer elements from HIV-1 clade B, C and E viral prototypes (STR-B, STR-C and STR-E) revealed a remarkable dichotomy in terms of spatio-temporal viral replication. The clade C chimera (STR-C) predominated in primary infection. The present study was aimed at identifying the origin of STR-C plasma viraemia at this infection phase. DESIGN By competing isogenic viruses differing only in their promoters, it was possible to identify subtle phenotypical differences in viral replication kinetics and compartmentalization in vivo. METHODS Two rhesus macaques were coinfected by the three STR chimeras and the relative colonization of different compartments, particularly blood and stool, was determined for each chimera. Moreover, growth competition experiments in thymic histocultures enriched in interleukin (IL)-7 were performed and relative percentages of chimeras were estimated in supernatants and thymocytes lysates at different time points. RESULTS It is demonstrated here that at the peak of primary infection, preferential replication of STR-C was supported by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), an IL-7 rich microenvironment. This was shown by the correlation of the RNA viral genotype in blood and stools, compartments directly draining virions from the GALT. Thymic histocultures confirmed that replication of STR-C is particularly susceptible to this cytokine, compared to its STR-B and STR-E counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the GALT cytokine network may well favour HIV-1 clade C replication during primary infection. This could result in enhanced transmission.
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Beq S, Nugeyre MT, Ho Tsong Fang R, Gautier D, Legrand R, Schmitt N, Estaquier J, Barré-Sinoussi F, Hurtrel B, Cheynier R, Israël N. IL-7 induces immunological improvement in SIV-infected rhesus macaques under antiviral therapy. J Immunol 2006; 176:914-22. [PMID: 16393976 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite efficient antiretroviral therapy (ART), CD4+ T cell counts often remain low in HIV-1-infected patients. This has led to IL-7, a crucial cytokine involved in both thymopoiesis and peripheral T cell homeostasis, being suggested as an additional therapeutic strategy. We investigated whether recombinant simian IL-7-treatment enhanced the T cell renewal initiated by ART in rhesus macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. Six macaques in the early chronic phase of SIV infection received antiretroviral treatment. Four macaques also received a 3-wk course of IL-7 injections. Viral load was unaffected by IL-7 treatment. IL-7 treatment increased the number of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells expressing activation (HLA-DR+, CD25+) and proliferation (Ki-67+) markers. It also increased naive (CD45RAbrightCD62L+) T cell counts by peripheral proliferation and enhanced de novo thymic production. The studied parameters returned to pretreatment values by day 29 after the initiation of treatment, concomitantly to the appearance of anti-IL-7 neutralizing Abs, supporting the need for a nonimmunogenic molecule for human treatment. Thus, IL-7, which increases T cell memory and de novo renewal of naive T cells may have additional benefits in HIV-infected patients receiving ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Beq
- Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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12
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Monceaux V, Viollet L, Petit F, Ho Tsong Fang R, Cumont MC, Zaunders J, Hurtrel B, Estaquier J. CD8+ T cell dynamics during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques: relationship of effector cell differentiation with the extent of viral replication. J Immunol 2005; 174:6898-908. [PMID: 15905532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological and virological events that occur during the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection are now considered to have a major impact on subsequent disease progression. We observed changes in the frequencies of CD8(bright) T cells expressing different chemokine receptors in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes of rhesus macaques during the acute phase of the pathogenic SIVmac251 infection; the frequency of CD8(bright) T cells expressing CXCR4 decreased, while the frequency of those expressing CCR5 increased. These reciprocal changes in chemokine receptor expression were associated with changes in the proportion of cycling (Ki67(+)) CD8(bright) T cells, and with the pattern of CD8(bright) T cell differentiation as defined by expression of CCR7 and CD45RA. In contrast, during the primary phase of the attenuated SIVmac251Deltanef infection, no major change was observed. Whereas during the acute phase of the infection with pathogenic SIV (2 wk postinfection) no correlate of disease protection was identified, once the viral load set points were established (2 mo postinfection), we found that the levels of cycling and of CCR5- and CXCR4-positive CD8(bright) T cells were correlated with the extent of viral replication and therefore with SIV-infection outcome. Our data reveal that, during primary SIV infection, despite intense CD8 T cell activation and an increase in CCR5 expression, which are considered as essential for optimal effector function of CD8(+) T cells, these changes are associated with a poor prognosis for disease progression to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Monceaux
- Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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13
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Ho Tsong Fang R, Khatissian E, Monceaux V, Cumont MC, Beq S, Ameisen JC, Aubertin AM, Israël N, Estaquier J, Hurtrel B. Disease progression in macaques with low SIV replication levels: on the relevance of TREC counts. AIDS 2005; 19:663-73. [PMID: 15821392 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000166089.93574.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attenuated immunodeficiency virus has been long considered innocuous. Nevertheless, converging data suggest that low levels of viral replication can still provoke AIDS. Pathogenesis of these attenuated infections is not understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the pathogenicity of a long-term attenuated infection and to delineate T-cell dynamics during such an infection. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 12 rhesus macaques infected with SIV Delta nef for 8 years. We evaluated apoptosis (annexin V), activation (HLA-DR, Ki67), and newly generated T cells (TCR excision circle: TREC). RESULTS Infection with SIV Delta nef induced pathological CD4 T-cell depletion after 8 years of infection. Virus replication and CD8 T-cell activation positively correlated with the rate of disease progression. The frequency of TREC within CD8+CD45RA+ cells increased in SIV Delta nef-infected animals compared to age-matched non-infected controls. Moreover, in the cohort of infected animals, TREC+CD45RA+CD4+ T-cell counts correlated strongly with non-progression to AIDS. The animal with the lowest rate of disease progression exhibited a 115-fold increase in TREC+CD45RA+CD4+ T-cell counts compared to age-matched non-infected controls. In contrast, the animal showing the fastest rate of progression to AIDS displayed 600-fold lower TREC+CD45RA+CD4+ T-cell counts compared to age-matched non-infected controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the thymus plays a major role in the pathogenesis of an attenuated SIV infection and that a sustained thymic output could maintain CD4 T-cell homeostasis in the context of low viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang
- Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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14
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Centlivre M, Sommer P, Michel M, Ho Tsong Fang R, Gofflo S, Valladeau J, Schmitt N, Thierry F, Hurtrel B, Wain-Hobson S, Sala M. HIV-1 clade promoters strongly influence spatial and temporal dynamics of viral replication in vivo. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:348-58. [PMID: 15690084 PMCID: PMC546425 DOI: 10.1172/jci22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the primary determinant of cell tropism is the interaction of viral envelope or capsid proteins with cellular receptors, other viral elements can strongly modulate viral replication. While the HIV-1 promoter is polymorphic for a variety of transcription factor binding sites, the impact of these polymorphisms on viral replication in vivo is not known. To address this issue, we engineered isogenic SIVmac239 chimeras harboring the core promoter/enhancer from HIV-1 clades B, C, and E. Here it is shown that the clade C and E core promoters/enhancers bear a noncanonical activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site, absent from the corresponding clade B region. Relative ex vivo replication of chimeras was strongly dependent on the tissue culture system used. Notably, in thymic histocultures, replication of the clade C chimera was favored by IL-7 enrichment, which suggests that the clade C polymorphism in the AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding sites is involved. Simultaneous infection of rhesus macaques with the 3 chimeras revealed a strong predominance of the clade C chimera during primary infection. Thereafter, the B chimera dominated in all tissues. These data show that the clade C promoter is particularly adapted to sustain viral replication in primary viremia and that clade-specific promoter polymorphisms constitute a major determinant for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Centlivre
- Unité de Rétrovirologie Moléculaire, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire du Noyau, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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15
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Centlivre M, Sommer P, Michel M, Fang RHT, Gofflo S, Valladeau J, Schmitt N, Thierry F, Hurtrel B, Wain-Hobson S, Sala M. HIV-1 clade promoters strongly influence spatial and temporal dynamics of viral replication in vivo. J Clin Invest 2005. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200522873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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16
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Blancou P, Chenciner N, Ho Tsong Fang R, Monceaux V, Cumont MC, Guétard D, Hurtrel B, Wain-Hobson S. Simian immunodeficiency virus promoter exchange results in a highly attenuated strain that protects against uncloned challenge virus. J Virol 2004; 78:1080-92. [PMID: 14722263 PMCID: PMC321388 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.3.1080-1092.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) immunogens, only live attenuated viral vaccines have afforded strong protection to a natural pathogenic isolate. Since the promoter is crucial to the tempo of viral replication in general, it was reasoned that promoter exchange might confer a novel means of attenuating SIV. The core enhancer and promoter sequences of the SIV macaque 239nefstop strain (NF-kappaB/Sp1 region from -114 bp to mRNA start) have been exchanged for those of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (CMV-IE; from -525 bp to mRNA start). During culture of the resulting virus, referred to as SIVmegalo, on CEMx174 or rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells, deletions arose in distal regions of the CMV-IE sequences that stabilized after 1 or 2 months of culture. However, when the undeleted form of SIVmegalo was inoculated into rhesus macaques, animals showed highly controlled viremia during primary and persistent infection. Compared to parental virus infection in macaques, primary viremia was reduced by >1,000-fold to undetectable levels, with little sign of an increase of cycling cells in lymph nodes, CD4(+) depletion, or altered T-cell activation markers in peripheral blood. Moreover, in contrast to wild-type infection in most infected animals, the nef stop mutation did not revert to the wild-type codon, indicating yet again that replication was dramatically curtailed. Despite such drastic attenuation, antibody titers and enzyme-linked immunospot reactivity to SIV peptides, although slower to appear, were comparable to those seen in a parental virus infection. When animals were challenged intravenously at 4 or 6 months with the uncloned pathogenic SIVmac251 strain, viremia was curtailed by approximately 1,000-fold at peak height without any sign of hyperactivation in CD4(+)- or CD8(+)-T-cell compartment or increase in lymph node cell cycling. To date, there has been a general inverse correlation between attenuation and protection; however, these findings show that promoter exchange constitutes a novel means to highly attenuate SIV while retaining the capacity to protect against challenge virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Blancou
- Unité de Rétrovirologie Moléculaire. Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Nugeyre MT, Monceaux V, Beq S, Cumont MC, Ho Tsong Fang R, Chêne L, Morre M, Barré-Sinoussi F, Hurtrel B, Israël N. IL-7 Stimulates T Cell Renewal Without Increasing Viral Replication in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques. J Immunol 2003; 171:4447-53. [PMID: 14530372 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.8.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main failure of antiretroviral therapy is the lack of restoration of HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells. IL-7, which has been shown to be a crucial cytokine for thymopoiesis, has been envisaged as an additive therapeutic strategy. However, in vitro studies suggest that IL-7 might sustain HIV replication in thymocytes and T lymphocytes. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of IL-7 on both T cell renewal and viral load in SIVmac-infected young macaques in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. This evaluation was conducted during the asymptomatic phase in view of a potential treatment of HIV patients. We show that IL-7 induces both a central renewal and a peripheral expansion of T lymphocytes associated with cell activation. No alarming modulation of the other hemopoietic cells was observed. No increase in the viral load was shown in blood or lymph nodes. These data strengthen the rationale for the use of IL-7 as an efficient immunotherapy in AIDS.
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Khatissian E, Monceaux V, Cumont MC, Ho Tsong Fang R, Estaquier J, Hurtrel B. Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of CD4+CD8+ T cells in a macaque with an unusually high peripheral CD4+CD8+ T lymphocyte count. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2003; 19:267-74. [PMID: 12804002 DOI: 10.1089/088922203764969465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the possible role in vivo CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells as a viral reservoir for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), in a macaque with 50% CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood. During primary infection (day 14) of this rhesus macaque with the pathogenic SIVmac251 strain, proviruses were detected at similar frequencies in CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells (1/10) and CD4(+) T cells (1/10) and at a lower frequency in CD8(+) T cells (1/800). On day 235, no viral DNA was detected in CD8(+) cells, despite the persistent high viral load, indicating that CD8(+) cells do not constitute a reservoir during the chronic phase of SIV infection. Infection induced early lymphopenia of CD4(+), CD4(+) CD8(+), and CD8(+) cells; only the CD8(+) cell population returned to initial levels and expanded further. We found that CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells expressed the costimulatory CD28 molecule less and were more prone to die in vitro after phytohemagglutinin/interleukin 2 stimulation than were CD4(+) T cells. Taken together, massive death of CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells during acute stages of SIV infection may explain why CD8(+) T cells did not represent a major reservoir for SIV at the onset of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Khatissian
- Unité de Physiopathologie des Infections Lentivirales, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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