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Sabourin-Guardo É, Miljkovitch R, Bernier A, Cyr C, St-Laurent D, Dubois-Comtois K. Longitudinal associations between the quality of family interactions and school-age children's narrative abilities in the context of financial insecurity. Fam Process 2023. [PMID: 37899351 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigates whether the quality of family interactions at 3-5 years of age predicts narrative abilities in 7-9-year-old children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families. The sample consists of 67 children and their parents receiving social welfare. Family interactions were filmed during mealtime at home and coded using the Mealtime Interaction Coding System. Children's narrative abilities were measured based on their capacity to coherently elaborate and resolve stories from the Attachment Story Completion Task. Results revealed that children exposed to family interactions of higher quality make their narratives more accessible and understandable and include more appropriate expression of affects in their stories 4 years later, even after accounting for maternal education and verbal abilities. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering family interactions in the context of financial insecurity when studying socioemotional competence in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire Paragraphe, Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Cyr
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut Universitaire Jeunes en Difficulté du CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane St-Laurent
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Avenue du Bourg-Royal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Hôpital en santé mentale, Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Vanwalleghem S, Miljkovitch R, Sirparanta A, Toléon C, Leclercq S, Deborde AS. Maternal Attachment Networks and Mother-Infant Bonding Disturbances among Mothers with Postpartum Major Depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6155. [PMID: 37372742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The literature suggests that maternal insecure attachment is a risk factor for postpartum depression which, in turn, affects motherinfant bonding. However, recent research in attachment suggests that the investigation of attachment networks provides further insight in the understanding of psychological outcomes. This study aims to test a model according to which mothers' attachment towards each of their parents contributes to explain attachment towards their romantic partners, which itself is associated with maternal postpartum depression and, in turn, with motherinfant bonding. The Attachment Multiple Model Interview, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were administered to 90 mothers of infants under 6 months of age (32 with postpartum major depression). Results showed that attachment towards the partner (1) is best explained by attachment to the father and (2) mediates the link between attachment to the father and depression severity. Also, depression severity mediates the link between attachment to the partner and motherinfant bonding. These results highlight the role of attachment models towards the romantic partner and the father in the perinatal period and the relevance of attachment-focused therapeutic programs in treating postpartum maternal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vanwalleghem
- Unité de Recherche CLIPSYD, Paris Nanterre University, 200 Avenue de la République, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Laboratoire Paragraphe, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Aino Sirparanta
- Laboratoire Paragraphe, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Camille Toléon
- Laboratoire Paragraphe, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Stéphanie Leclercq
- Centre Hospitalier la Chartreuse, Unité Père-Mère-Bébé, 1 Boulevard Chanoine Kir, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Deborde
- Laboratoire Paragraphe, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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Vanwalleghem S, Miljkovitch R, Vinter A. Effects of intellectual disability and attachment on hostile intent attribution bias. Attach Hum Dev 2022; 24:732-749. [PMID: 35997252 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2022.2109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding hostile intent attribution (HIA) seems important for prevention of problems in social adaptation. This study aimed to explore whether HIA in childhood is determined by both a cognitive factor (i.e. intellectual disability) and an affective factor (i.e. attachment representations). One hundred and eight 8- to 12-year-old children (54 with intellectual disability and 54 with typical development) passed the Attachment Story Completion Task and the Intention Attribution Test for Children. Results indicated that in ambiguous situations, attachment disorganization was associated with HIA, whereas intellectual disability was not. In nonintentional situations, both attachment hyperactivation and intellectual disability were linked with HIA. These results highlight the importance of helping children develop organized attachment representations and optimal activation of their attachment system to prevent social maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Vinter
- LEAD CNRS 5022, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Danner Touati C, Miljkovitch R, Sirparanta A, Deborde AS. The role of attachment to the foster parent with regard to suicidal risk among adult survivors of childhood maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 128:104886. [PMID: 33487464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is associated with an increased risk of insecure/disorganized attachment and in turn with suicidal risk (SR). Out-of-family placement is aimed at interrupting child exposure to further abuse and at providing the necessary security for proper development via the establishment of an alternative attachment relationship. However, the actual protective role of this type of care is not clear given the high rates of SR among institutionalized or foster children. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether 1) attachment to the biological parents mediates the association between abuse and SR and 2) attachment to a foster parent (whether from a foster home or an institution) moderates the effect of attachment to biological parents on SR. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 77 adults (52 female; 25 male; mean age: 26.6 years) who received out-of-home care during childhood. METHOD The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (for SR) were used. The Attachment Multiple Model Interview was also administered to assess attachment to each biological parent and to the foster parent. RESULTS Results show that attachment (security and disorganization) to the biological mother mediates the link between abuse and SR and that attachment to the foster parent moderates the link between attachment to the biological mother and SR. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the importance of interventions aimed at supporting the establishment of a secure attachment relationship between children in care and their foster parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Danner Touati
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Aino Sirparanta
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Anne-Sohpie Deborde
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
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Miljkovitch R, Danner-Touati C, Gery I, Bernier A, Sirparanta A, Deborde AS. The role of multiple attachments in intergenerational transmission of child sexual abuse among male victims. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 128:104864. [PMID: 33358280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to Finkelhor (1984), difficulties child sexual abusers have in establishing adaptive adult relationships are a consequence of attachment problems with parents. Research shows that insecure attachment is associated with both the experience of child sexual abuse (CSA) as a victim and perpetration of CSA as an adult. Attachment may thus be a key factor in intergenerational transmission (IT) of CSA. OBJECTIVE The study aims to examine the direct, interactive, and mediated effects linking attachment in different relationships (mother, father, romantic partner) to IT of CSA among male victims. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Thirty-two abusing and 27 non-abusing male CSA survivors were recruited, respectively, in a prison and via networks of former foster children or CSA victims. METHOD All participants completed the Attachment Multiple Model Interview to assess attachment along four dimensions (security, deactivation, hyperactivation, and disorganization) in the relationship with mother, father, and partner. RESULTS Partial least square modeling suggests that the partner carries forward (mediates) the increased risk of committing sexual abuse associated with insecure/disorganized attachment with the father. A significant partner-mother interaction also suggests that the deleterious effects of attachment to the mother in terms of committing CSA are countered by more secure/organized attachment to the partner. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the pivotal role of the romantic partner in IT of CSA. Beyond early intervention, therapy in adulthood aimed at fostering adaptive ways of finding emotional security in the relationship with an adult could thus be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Camille Danner-Touati
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Isabelle Gery
- Penitentiary Center Poitiers-Divonne, Champ des Grolles - RD742, CS 80029, 86370, Vivonne, France.
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Qc H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Aino Sirparanta
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Deborde
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
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Miljkovitch R, Ensink K. Introduction to CAN special issue: Attachment & mentalization. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 128:105559. [PMID: 35193772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Ensink
- Université Paris 8, 2 Rue de la Liberté, Saint-Denis 93526, France.
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Riquin E, Sandnes R, Bacro F, Vinay A, Miljkovitch R, Rouger V, Rakotonjanahary J, Gascoin G, Müller JB. A Prospective Observational Study to Assess Attachment Representations With Regard to Neurocognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in Children Born Very Prematurely in the Loire Infant Follow-Up Team (LIFT Cohort). Front Pediatr 2022; 10:896103. [PMID: 35903159 PMCID: PMC9315259 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.896103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND PURPOSE Prematurity is a situation that can disrupt parent-child interactions. We hypothesize that establishing relationships with parents in a context of extreme prematurity can alter the development of secure attachment representations in the child. Furthermore, we hypothesize that secure maternal representations and their possible interactions with prematurity factors prevent the development of insecure or disorganized attachment in the child. In addition, maternal representations and their possible interactions with factors related to prematurity may prevent or accentuate the development of an insecure or disorganized attachment in the child. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a longitudinal, prospective, exploratory, and bi-centric study. Children born in the neonatal intensive care units of Angers or Nantes University Hospitals with a gestational age of up to 28 weeks will be included in the study. The main objective is to describe the attachment representations at 3 and 5 years through the Attachment Story Completion Task scales and to analyze them in regard to the children's neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as maternal attachment and mental health. ETHICS The study file received a favorable opinion for the implementation of this research on February 18, 2020 - ID-RCB no. 2019-A03352-55 (File 2-20-007 id6699) 2°HPS. This study has received authorization from the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) under no. 920229. DISCUSSION A better understanding of attachment representations in extreme prematurity and their possible associations with children's neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as maternal attachment and mental health could pave the way for individualized care at an early stage, or even interventions during the neonatal period to improve the outcome of these vulnerable newborns. TRIAL REGISTRATION [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04304846].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Riquin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France.,CHU Angers, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Fondation de Santé des Étudiants de France, Clinique de Sablé sur Sarthe, Sablé sur Sarthe, France
| | - Ramona Sandnes
- Faculty of Psychology, Centre de Recherche en Education de Nantes (CREN - EA 2661), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fabien Bacro
- Faculty of Psychology, Centre de Recherche en Education de Nantes (CREN - EA 2661), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aubeline Vinay
- Départements d'Enseignement LLSH - DEP ENS LLSH Psychologie, UFR Lettres Langues et Sciences Humaines - LLSH, Angers, France
| | | | - Valérie Rouger
- Loire Infant Follow-Up Team (LIFT) Network, Pays de Loire, France
| | | | - Géraldine Gascoin
- Loire Infant Follow-Up Team (LIFT) Network, Pays de Loire, France.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Müller
- Loire Infant Follow-Up Team (LIFT) Network, Pays de Loire, France.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,National Institute of Health and Medical Research CIC004, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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Vanwalleghem S, Sirparanta A, Leclercq S, Deborde AS, Miljkovitch R. Multiple models of attachment: A new way of understanding perinatal depression. Encephale 2021; 48:593-594. [PMID: 34809959 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Vanwalleghem
- UFR SPSE, bureau C108A, Unité de Recherche CLIPSYD, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France.
| | - A Sirparanta
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
| | - S Leclercq
- Centre Hospitalier La Chartreuse, Unité Père-Mère-Bébé, 1, boulevard Chanoine Kir, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - A-S Deborde
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
| | - R Miljkovitch
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349, Paris 8 University, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
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Vanwalleghem S, Miljkovitch R, Vinter A. Attachment representations among school-age children with intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil 2021; 118:104064. [PMID: 34425542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research data documenting a high risk of insecure and disorganized attachment among children with intellectual disability (ID) in infancy and early childhood raises the question of mutual influences between ID and attachment in later childhood. AIMS The objectives of the present study were to examine attachment among school-age children with ID and whether attachment varies according to level of intellectual functioning, adaptative functioning, and presence of a genetic syndrome (i.e. Down syndrome). METHODS Attachment among 54 children with ID aged 8-12 years (30 with Down Syndrome, 24 with non-specific ID) was assessed using the Attachment Story Completion Task, and compared with that of 108 typically developing children, 54 of the same chronological age and 54 of the same mental age. OUTCOMES Results show (1) less security among children with ID than among same-age controls (2) more disorganization among children with ID compared to the two control groups, (3) a link between attachment disorganization and level of adaptive functioning among children with ID and (4) no difference in attachment between children with DS and children with non-specific ID. CONCLUSIONS Children with ID remain vulnerable to disorganization during late childhood. More research is needed to understand the factors underlying disorganized attachment representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vanwalleghem
- Unité de Recherche CLIPSYD, Université Paris Nanterre, 200 avenue de la Liberté, 92001, Nanterre, France.
| | - Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Laboratoire Paragraphe, Université Paris 8, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93526, Saint-Denis Cedex 02, France
| | - Annie Vinter
- LEAD, CNRS 5022, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Esplanade Erasme, Pôle 2AFE, 21000, Dijon, France
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Laurent G, Ensink K, Miljkovitch R. Auto-évaluation de ses émotions à 4 et 5 ans : une adaptation de l’entretien de Carroll et Steward. Enfance 2020. [DOI: 10.3917/enf2.202.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
The Intention Attribution Test for Children (IAC) was created to assess hostile attribution bias in preschool- and early school-aged children. It comprises 16 cartoon strips presenting situations in which one character (either a child or an adult) causes harm to another, either intentionally, accidentally (nonintentional), or without his or her intention being clear (ambiguous). Its validity was tested on 233 children aged 4 to 12 years. Exploratory factor analysis and item response theory models demonstrated support for a single factor of hostile attribution bias for the ambiguous and nonintentional items. Analyses revealed, however, that the intentional items did not contribute to this same overall construct of hostile intention attribution bias. Correlations with the Social Perception Test and with sociometry suggest good validity of the IAC. The IAC may be a useful instrument for research and in the context of therapeutic intervention addressing socially inappropriate behavior in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annie Vinter
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LEAD-CNRS, Dijon, France
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Miljkovitch R, Deborde AS, Bernier A, Corcos M, Speranza M, Pham-Scottez A. Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence as a Generalization of Disorganized Attachment. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1962. [PMID: 30459673 PMCID: PMC6232672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several researchers point to disorganized attachment as a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, recent studies suggest that specific internal working models (IWMs) of each parent combine to account for child outcomes and that a secure relationship with one parent can protect against the deleterious effects of an insecure relationship with the other parent. It was thus hypothesized that adolescents with BPD are more likely to be disorganized with both their parents, whereas non-clinical controls are more secure with at least one of their caregivers. Thirty-six adolescents with BPD and 30 control participants (aged 13-19) were included. Psychiatrist diagnosis was verified with the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SIDP-IV) and comorbidity was assessed using the Kiddie-SADS. Reported trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Attachment IWMs of each parent were assessed with the Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI), which enables separate coding for each attachment figure and in which disorganization is conceptualized as conflicting attachment strategies within a specific relationship. Results of a logistic regression analysis suggested that beyond insecure attachment, being disorganized not just with one but with both parents is particularly characteristic of adolescents with BPD. Conversely, belonging to the non-clinical group was predicted by higher security scores with the father and lower deactivation with the mother. Although higher levels of childhood abuse or neglect were reported by adolescents with BPD, the retained attachment dimensions predicted group membership over and above reported trauma. These findings have important implications for clinical intervention and highlight the protective role fathers may have.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maurice Corcos
- Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Inserm U 669, Faculty of Medecine, University René Descartes-Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Mario Speranza
- Inserm U 669, Faculty of Medecine, University René Descartes-Paris V, Paris, France
- Child Psychiatry Department, Versailles Hospital, Versailles, France
- Unité de Recherche EA4047, Recherches Cliniques et en Santé Publique sur les Handicaps Psychique, Cognitif et Moteur (HANDIReSP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
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Bernier A, Miljkovitch R, Tarabulsy GM, Sirois MS, Bailey HN. Reconsidering the links between sibship size, maternal sensitivity, and child attachment: A multidimensional interactive approach. J Fam Psychol 2018; 32:396-405. [PMID: 29698012 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a well-documented predictor of children's cognitive and social development, sibship has received remarkably little attention in the attachment and maternal sensitivity literature. The only study that has examined both sensitivity and attachment in relation to sibship found greater maternal sensitivity but no more secure attachment among first-born infants. In the current study, we sought to examine the same links while testing two related hypotheses: that sibship size relates only to some specific aspects of sensitivity, and that sibship size relates to sensitivity only among certain mothers, namely those who are at risk for suboptimal parenting because of an insecure attachment state of mind. We assessed three dimensions of maternal sensitivity at 12 months and child attachment at 15 and 25 months among 258 mother-infant dyads living in intact biparental families. Compared with mothers who had fewer children, those with more children were observed to be less accessible/available, less positive, but not less cooperative/attuned, when interacting with their infant. These links were moderated by maternal attachment state of mind, such that significant relations were observed only among mothers presenting a more insecure state of mind. Finally, sibship size was unrelated to attachment. These findings suggest that failure to consider different dimensions of sensitivity or important parental moderators may result in the erroneous conclusion that birth order and sibship size are inconsequential for parent-child relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Parra F, Miljkovitch R, Persiaux G, Morales M, Scherer S. The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e100. [PMID: 28385683 PMCID: PMC5399225 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment theory has been proven essential for mental health, including psychopathology, development, and interpersonal relationships. Validated psychometric instruments to measure attachment abound but suffer from shortcomings common to traditional psychometrics. Recent developments in multimodal fusion and machine learning pave the way for new automated and objective psychometric instruments for adult attachment that combine psychophysiological, linguistic, and behavioral analyses in the assessment of the construct. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present a new exposure-based, automatic, and objective adult-attachment assessment, the Biometric Attachment Test (BAT), which exposes participants to a short standardized set of visual and music stimuli, whereas their immediate reactions and verbal responses, captured by several computer sense modalities, are automatically analyzed for scoring and classification. We also aimed to empirically validate two of its assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. METHODS A total of 59 French participants from the general population were assessed using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), and the Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI) as ground truth for attachment security. They were then exposed to three different BAT stimuli sets, whereas their faces, voices, heart rate (HR), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded. Psychophysiological features, such as skin-conductance response (SCR) and Bayevsky stress index; behavioral features, such as gaze and facial expressions; as well as linguistic and paralinguistic features, were automatically extracted. An exploratory analysis was conducted using correlation matrices to uncover the features that are most associated with attachment security. A confirmatory analysis was conducted by creating a single composite effects index and by testing it for correlations with attachment security. The stability of the theory-consistent features across three different stimuli sets was explored using repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs). RESULTS In total, 46 theory-consistent correlations were found during the exploration (out of 65 total significant correlations). For example, attachment security as measured by the AAP was correlated with positive facial expressions (r=.36, P=.01). AMMI's security with the father was inversely correlated with the low frequency (LF) of HRV (r=-.87, P=.03). Attachment security to partners as measured by the AAQ was inversely correlated with anger facial expression (r=-.43, P=.001). The confirmatory analysis showed that the composite effects index was significantly correlated to security in the AAP (r=.26, P=.05) and the AAQ (r=.30, P=.04) but not in the AMMI. Repeated measures ANOVAs conducted individually on each of the theory-consistent features revealed that only 7 of the 46 (15%) features had significantly different values among responses to three different stimuli sets. CONCLUSIONS We were able to validate two of the instrument's core assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. Future validation of other of its dimensions, as well as the ongoing development of its scoring and classification algorithms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Parra
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris VIII University, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Morales
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Scherer
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Vanwalleghem S, Miljkovitch R. Le développement de l’attachement chez les enfants porteurs d’une trisomie 21 : revue de la littérature. L’Année psychologique 2017. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy.171.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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17
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de Gaulmyn A, Miljkovitch R, Montreuil M. [Exploring joint attention processes in young children with autism spectrum disorder]. Encephale 2017; 44:224-231. [PMID: 28285719 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Symptoms in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder, appear at an early age. Research consensus shows impairments in communication and especially joint attention, defined as the capacity to intentionally share attention between two persons or a person and an object. Recent studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focus on infants' processes associated to joint attention, such as visual and auditive regulation, attentional engagement and social motivation. The present research's objective is to examine the role of these factors in joint attention. METHODS A group of 50 children with ASD, aged 21 to 50 months, were selected. They went through a clinical assessment which included evaluations of development and symptoms, a scale measuring auditive and visual regulation; a grid elaborated to quantify motivation behavior towards a person and an object in two different engagement states: alone or with an adult and finally a measure of the child's capacity to disengage from an object. A joint attention score was obtained with the Early Communication Scale for Children (ECSC). Results show: (1) an effect of visual regulation on joint attention, (2) a relation between visual regulation and joint attention partially mediated by motivation. Our results clarify the nature of the relationship between visual regulation and joint attention, with motivation modulating visual regulation in its relation to joint attention, (3) a relation between attentional disengagement and joint attention. Visual regulation, social and non-social motivation and attentional disengagement are all associated to joint attention. A clinical measure of motivation behaviors for children with ASD has been created and can be applied in clinical settings, as it is adapted to young children with ASD symptomatology and enriches diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Statistical analyses of our clinical observations suggest a mediation model highlighting the influence of motivation in the mechanisms underlying joint attention. The measurement of processes and mechanisms associated with social communicative skills at a very early age, here motivation and attentional disengagement processes associated with joint attention, help include these factors in early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Gaulmyn
- CREDAT (centre de recherche et de diagnostic pour l'autisme et les troubles apparentés), centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; Laboratoire de psychopathologie et neuropsychologie (LPN), EA 2027, université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis cedex, France.
| | - R Miljkovitch
- Laboratoire paragraphe, équipe compréhension, raisonnement et acquisition des connaissances (CRAC), EA 349, université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis cedex, France
| | - M Montreuil
- Laboratoire de psychopathologie et neuropsychologie (LPN), EA 2027, université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis cedex, France
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18
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Pierrehumbert B, Ramstein T, Karmaniola A, Miljkovitch R, Halfon O. Quality of child care in the preschool years: A comparison of the influence of home care and day care characteristics on child outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01650250143000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and six families of 2-year-old children, having experienced either family day care or centre-based day care, took part in this study. Parents’ and day care providers’ representations and values concerning their ideal definition of child care were assessed, and direct observations of child care settings conducted, using a time-sampling procedure. The instruments concerning both representations and observations have a seven dimension structure: caregiver availability, stimulation, firmness, warmth, autonomy, achievement, and organisation. When children were 3 years of age, the families were contacted again (16% drop out) for an evaluation of various outcomes: parental reports of child behaviour problems (CBCL) and egoresiliency (CCQ), assessments of child developmental quotient (McCarthy), and of attachment representations (ASCT). The day care variables (care providers’ representations and observed variables of the setting), unexpectedly explained the variance of the dependent variables (especially behaviour problems) more than the corresponding parental variables. These results contrast with other studies in the field. Apparently, they can be attributed to the relatively wide span of dimensions, as well as to the variety of child care settings considered. Non-parental and parental care had some selective effects on the different dependent variables. The effects of representations were globally stronger than those of observed characteristics. These data point to the importance of child care quality, emphasise the idea that quality is multidimensional, and stress the significance of caregivers’ representations and values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Halfon
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de
l’Adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Danet M, Miljkovitch R. [Self-disclosure on the Net: A risk factor for problematic use of the Internet among insecure persons]. Encephale 2016; 42:506-510. [PMID: 26803700 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Problematic use of the Internet (PUI) is more and more commonly seen among psychiatry patients. PUI is defined as an excessive preoccupation about and use of the Internet, which can be characterized by more time spent on-line than what was planned, with difficulties leading to distress or significant disorders. The new mode of interaction provided by the Internet facilitates self-disclosure, especially for socially anxious persons who feel safer and more comfortable in on-line compared with face-to-face interactions. Several studies point to the fact that insecure attachment, and particularly preoccupied attachment, is associated with problematic use of the Internet. Preoccupied attachment is characterized by a negative model of self and a positive model of others. Persons with a negative model of self feel anxious in interpersonal relationships. Because self-disclosure is easier on-line, it may play a role in problematic use of the Internet. AIMS The aim of the study is to better understand the link between insecure attachment and problematic use of the Internet, by examining the mediating role of self-disclosure. METHOD Participants anonymously completed the following self-questionnaires on-line: the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), which assesses problematic use of the Internet, the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), which evaluates attachment, and the "Real-me" questionnaire, which measures increased self-disclosure on the Internet compared with face-to-face interactions. SAMPLE Participants (n=200, 73 % women) were recruited via e-mails, social networks, ads in local stores and leaflets in public places, directing them towards a link in which they could complete the on-line questionnaires. DATA ANALYSIS Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the main characteristics of participants. A t-test was used to explore gender differences. Main analyses consisted of correlational analyses between attachment, the "Real-me", and problematic use of the Internet. A series of regression analyses were then used to test the mediating role of the "Real-me" in the link between insecure attachment and problematic use of the Internet. RESULTS Results confirm the associations between problematic use of the Internet and, respectively, preoccupied and fearful attachment. Complete mediation of the "Real-me" in the association between negative model of self (attachment) and problematic use of the Internet was also confirmed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Preoccupied and fearful attachments are both associated with problematic use of the Internet. These persons have a negative model of self which may hamper their ability to be at ease in face-to-face interactions. Being themselves on the Internet mediates the link between negative model of self and problematic use of the Internet. Resorting to a less threatening environment of exchange may thus explain these insecure individuals' tendency to overuse the Internet. Future research investigating the different activities on the Internet would be useful to better determine whether certain specific activities are more closely linked to problematic use of the Internet among insecure individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Danet
- EA 4072, PSITEC - psychologie : interactions temps émotions cognition, université de Lille, 3, domaine du Pont-de-Bois, BP 60149, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - R Miljkovitch
- Équipe CRAC, laboratoire Paragraphe, UFR de psychologie, université Paris 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis cedex 02, France
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Tazopoulou E, Miljkovitch R, Truelle JL, Schnitzler A, Onillon M, Zucco T, Hawthorne G, Montreuil M. Rehabilitation following cerebral anoxia: An assessment of 27 patients. Brain Inj 2016; 30:95-103. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Miljkovitch R, Moss E, Bernier A, Pascuzzo K, Sander E. Refining the assessment of internal working models: the Attachment Multiple Model Interview. Attach Hum Dev 2015; 17:492-521. [PMID: 26325611 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1075561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI) was developed to assess internal working models (IWMs) of specific relationships in adulthood (e.g., with mother, father, and romantic partner). In an initial effort to validate the AMMI, the interview was administered to participants who were followed from age 4 to 23. ANOVA and contrast tests confirmed the AMMI's capacity to discriminate between mother, father, and partner IWMs. AMMI security with each parent was correlated with coherence according to the Adult Attachment Interview, and AMMI disorganization with mother with unresolved trauma (N = 53). AMMI dimensions of security, deactivation, and hyperactivation with the mother were associated with cumulative lifetime scores of security (N = 23), avoidance, and resistance (N = 34), respectively. Intercorrelations between these AMMI scales were also theory-consistent. Associations with the AAI and between AMMI security scores of different relationships are consistent with previous findings suggesting a contribution from both parents in the development of a state of mind, but a more important role of the mother for representations of the partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaële Miljkovitch
- a CRAC-Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349 , Paris 8 University , 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis Cedex 02 , France
| | - Ellen Moss
- b Psychology Department , Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec H3C 3P8 , Canada
| | - Annie Bernier
- c Department of Psychology , University of Montreal , P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal , Qc H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Katherine Pascuzzo
- b Psychology Department , Université du Québec à Montréal , C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec H3C 3P8 , Canada
| | - Emmanuel Sander
- a CRAC-Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349 , Paris 8 University , 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 Saint-Denis Cedex 02 , France
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Miljkovitch R, Moran G, Roy C, Jaunin L, Forcada-Guex M, Pierrehumbert B, Muller-Nix C, Borghini A. Maternal interactive behaviour as a predictor of preschoolers' attachment representations among full term and premature samples. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89:349-54. [PMID: 23265254 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between maternal sensitivity and child attachment have been established in many samples, but the strength of the association varies across populations. The sensitivity-attachment link has never been examined at the level of representations nor among premature samples. OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed at exploring associations between maternal interactive behaviour and children's attachment representations in a population of preterm and full-term infants. METHOD Maternal interactive behaviour was assessed at 6 and 18 months (Ainsworth Sensitivity Scale & Care Index) and children's attachment representations were measured at 42 months (Attachment Story Completion Task) in a sample of preterm (N=48) and full-term (N=23) infants. RESULTS Maternal unresponsiveness at 6 months and sensitivity at 18 months explained 54% of the variance of disorganized attachment representations in the full-term group but was not significantly related to attachment patterns in the preterm group. CONCLUSION These results corroborate previous work on the causes of disorganized attachment and also point to the need to consider the development of attachment differently for children evolving in specific developmental contexts. They especially stress the importance of distinguishing between risk factors associated with the mother as opposed to the child.
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Miljkovitch R, Danet M, Bernier A. Intergenerational transmission of attachment representations in the context of single parenthood in France. J Fam Psychol 2012; 26:784-792. [PMID: 22924424 DOI: 10.1037/a0029627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite a dramatic increase of single parenthood during the past decades, parent-child transmission of attachment has almost always been examined in intact families. A first objective of the current study was to examine child attachment in the context of single parenthood, both maternal and paternal. A second objective was to investigate intergenerational transmission of attachment in single parent-child dyads, compared with that observed in two-parent families. The samples consisted of 50 married couples and 43 single parents (22 mothers and 21 fathers), along with their 3- to 6-year-old children. Parental and child attachment representations were measured, respectively, with the Adult Attachment Interview and the Attachment Story Completion Task. Findings suggested that single parenthood per se was not linked to more insecure or disorganized child attachment representations. However, when the father was the sole caregiver, children exhibited more disorganized representations. Different patterns of mother-child associations were found according to family structure: associations were significant among married families but not among single-mother families. Results also replicated those of previous studies in finding a nonsignificant father-child association in two-parent families and a significant one in single-father families, specifically with respect to hyperactivation. Further research is needed to clarify whether the differences found are attributable to different circumstances leading to single parenthood for men and women, or to parental gender itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Danet
- Laboratoire Paragraphe EA 349-CRAC, Université Paris 8
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Deborde AS, Miljkovitch R, Roy C, Dugré-Le Bigre C, Pham-Scottez A, Speranza M, Corcos M. Alexithymia as a mediator between attachment and the development of borderline personality disorder in adolescence. J Pers Disord 2012; 26:676-88. [PMID: 23013337 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Insecure attachment and the inability to identify emotions have both been put forward as possible explanations for dysfunction of the emotional system in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study aimed to test a model according to which the influence of attachment on the development of BPD in adolescence is mediated by alexithymia. Borderline severity was assessed by means of the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. Attachment and alexithymia were measured respectively with the Relationship Styles Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Mediation analyses conducted on 105 participants (54 with BPD and 51 matched controls) suggest that the role of security and negative model of self (i.e., preoccupied and fearful attachment styles) in the development of BPD symptoms are mediated by alexithymia.
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Bernier A, Jarry-Boileau V, Tarabulsy GM, Miljkovitch R. Initiating a Caregiving Relationship: Pregnancy and Childbirth Factors as Predictors of Maternal Sensitivity. Infancy 2010; 15:197-208. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gery I, Miljkovitch R, Berthoz S, Soussignan R. Empathy and recognition of facial expressions of emotion in sex offenders, non-sex offenders and normal controls. Psychiatry Res 2009; 165:252-62. [PMID: 19167095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted on empathy and emotional recognition in sex offenders is contradictory. The present study was aimed to clarify this issue by controlling for some affective and social variables (depression, anxiety, and social desirability) that are presumed to influence emotional and empathic measures, using a staged multicomponent model of empathy. Incarcerated sex offenders (child molesters), incarcerated non-sex offenders, and non-offender controls (matched for age, gender, and education level) performed a recognition task of facial expressions of basic emotions that varied in intensity, and completed various self-rating scales designed to assess distinct components of empathy (perspective taking, affective empathy, empathy concern, and personal distress), as well as depression, anxiety, and social desirability. Sex offenders were less accurate than the other participants in recognizing facial expressions of anger, disgust, surprise and fear, with problems in confusing fear with surprise, and disgust with anger. Affective empathy was the only component that discriminated sex offenders from non-sex offenders and was correlated with accuracy recognition of emotional expressions. Although our findings must be replicated with a larger number of participants, they support the view that sex offenders might have impairments in the decoding of some emotional cues conveyed by the conspecifics' face, which could have an impact on affective empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gery
- Laboratoire de Développement Social et Emotionnel, Université Paris X Nanterre, France.
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Miljkovitch R, Pierrehumbert B. Des stratégies comportementales d'attachement aux stratégies représentationnelles : construction et validité des cartes de codage pour les histoires à compléter. Enfance 2008. [DOI: 10.3917/enf.601.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Miljkovitch R, Pierrehumbert B, Halfon O. Three-year-olds' attachment play narratives and their associations with internalizing problems. Clin Psychol Psychother 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Borghini A, Pierrehumbert B, Miljkovitch R, Muller-Nix C, Forcada-Guex M, Ansermet F. Mother's attachment representations of their premature infant at 6 and 18 months after birth. Infant Ment Health J 2006. [PMID: 28640398 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.20103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of premature birth on attachment have generally been examined from the infant's perspective. There is a lack of data concerning parental attachment representations toward a premature child. Because of the psychological stress engendered in parents confronted with a premature birth, we hypothesized that their attachment representations would be altered during the first months after the hospital discharge. Fifty families with a premature infant (25-33 gestation weeks) and a control group of 30 families with a full-term infant participated to the study. Perinatal risks were evaluated during hospitalization. To assess mothers' representations of their infant, the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI, Zeanah & Benoit, 1995 & Benoit, Zeanah, Parker, Nicholson, & Coolbear, 1997) were administered when their children were 6 and 18 months old. The severity of the perinatal risks was found to have an impact on the mothers' attachment representations. At six months, only 20% of the mothers of a prematurely born infant (30% at 18 months) had secure attachment representations, vs. 53% for the control group (57% at 18 months). Furthermore, mothers of low-risk premature infants more often had disengaged representations, whereas distorted representations were more frequent in the high-risk group of premature children. These findings suggest that the parental response to a premature birth is linked to the severity of postnatal risks. The fact that secure attachment representations are affected in mothers of low-risk infants just as much as they are in mothers of high-risk infants points to the need to conduct further studies aimed at evaluating whether preventive intervention for both low-risk and high-risk premature will be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Borghini
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Lausanne
| | | | | | - Carole Muller-Nix
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Lausanne
| | | | - François Ansermet
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Lausanne
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Miljkovitch R, Pierrehumbert B, Karmaniola A, Bader M, Halfon O. Assessing attachment cognitions and their associations with depression in youth with eating or drug misuse disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2005; 40:605-23. [PMID: 15887593 DOI: 10.1081/ja-200055349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study investigates associations between attachment cognitions and depression symptoms in 71 15-25-year-olds, 26 of whom have eating disorders, and 20 of whom are drug misusers. Attachment cognitions were measured with the CaMir Q-sort, which provides indexes for secure, avoidant, and preoccupied attachment, as well as scores on 13 dimensions. The BDI-13 was used to measure depressive symptomatology. Consistent with the literature, BDI scores were associated with cognitions of preoccupied attachment. They were also related to cognitions of avoidant attachment, confirming Bowlby's theory on defensive exclusion. For participants with eating disorders, depressive symptomatology was related to preoccupation and parental interference, whereas for drug misusers, it was negatively related to security, preoccupation, parental support, and lack of parental concern. These findings help understand how attachment cognitions may participate in depressive symptomatology, namely in youth whose behavior problems may be associated with specific attachment experiences.
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Abstract
In the present article on intergenerational transmission of attachment representations, we use mothers' and fathers' Adult Attachment Interview classifications to predict a 3-year-old's responses to the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT). We present a Q-sort coding procedure for the ASCT, which was developed for children as young as three. The Q-sort yields scores on four attachment dimensions (security, deactivation, hyperactivation, and disorganization). One-way ANOVAs revealed significant mother-child associations for each dimension, although results for the hyperactivation and disorganization dimensions were significant only according to contrast tests. Conversely, no father-child association was found, regardless of the dimension considered. Findings are discussed in terms of the respective part played by each parent in their children's emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Pierrehumbert
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l‘Adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l‘Adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Plancherel
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l‘Adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Halfon
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l‘Adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Ansermet
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l‘Adolescent, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Miljkovitch R, Pierrehumbert B, Turganti G, Halfon O. La contribution distincte du père et de la mère dans la construction des représentations d'attachement du jeune enfant. enfan 1998. [DOI: 10.3406/enfan.1998.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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