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Rattaz V, Tissot H, Puglisi N, Razurel C, Epiney M, Favez N. Parental sensitivity, family alliance and infants' vagal tone: Influences of early family interactions on physiological emotion regulation. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:741-751. [PMID: 37607042 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of parental sensitivity and family alliance on infants' vagal tone, considered as a physiological indicator of emotion regulation. Studies on mother-infant interactions have shown that vagal tone can be influenced by the quality of the interaction, such as interacting with a sensitive mother. To date, no study has investigated the influence of paternal sensitivity or family alliance on infants' vagal tone. We hypothesized that maternal sensitivity, paternal sensitivity, and family alliance would be associated with infants' vagal tone during dyadic and triadic interactions. We also explored if family alliance would act as a moderator on the association between parental sensitivity and vagal tone and if the sensitivity of both parents would act as a moderator on the association between family alliance and vagal tone. This study took place in Switzerland and included 82 families with their 3-4-month-old infants. Results showed that maternal sensitivity and family alliance were associated with infants' vagal tone, but paternal sensitivity was not. We found no significant moderation effect. However, result tendencies suggested that the contribution of paternal sensitivity to infants' emotion regulation could be influenced by family alliance, whereas maternal sensitivity and family alliance have a unique contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Rattaz
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Tissot
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nilo Puglisi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Razurel
- Department of Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuella Epiney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Favez
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sabourin-Guardo É, Miljkovitch R, Bernier A, Cyr C, St-Laurent D, Dubois-Comtois K. Longitudinal associations between the quality of family interactions and school-age children's narrative abilities in the context of financial insecurity. Fam Process 2023. [PMID: 37899351 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigates whether the quality of family interactions at 3-5 years of age predicts narrative abilities in 7-9-year-old children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families. The sample consists of 67 children and their parents receiving social welfare. Family interactions were filmed during mealtime at home and coded using the Mealtime Interaction Coding System. Children's narrative abilities were measured based on their capacity to coherently elaborate and resolve stories from the Attachment Story Completion Task. Results revealed that children exposed to family interactions of higher quality make their narratives more accessible and understandable and include more appropriate expression of affects in their stories 4 years later, even after accounting for maternal education and verbal abilities. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering family interactions in the context of financial insecurity when studying socioemotional competence in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphaële Miljkovitch
- Department of Psychology, Laboratoire Paragraphe, Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Cyr
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut Universitaire Jeunes en Difficulté du CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Diane St-Laurent
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Avenue du Bourg-Royal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Hôpital en santé mentale, Rivière-des-Prairies, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Cohen J, Ashkenazi T. Changes in consent rate, expressed deceased donation decision-making, and family interactions in Israel-a national retrospective cohort study. Transpl Int 2021; 34:2106-2111. [PMID: 34585787 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the consent rate for deceased organ donation in Israel over two time periods, namely 2004-2009 (2004/9) and 2016-July 2020 (2016/20). Donor and family data were collected from the Israel National Transplantation Center Registry and included donor characteristics, reasons for family consent and refusal, and a subjective assessment of donor coordinator-family interactions. The consent rate increased from 41.6% over the period 2004/9 to 61.8% for the period 2016/20 (P < 0.0001). A significant increase in the proportion of Jewish donors was noted (49.8% in 2004/9 vs. 67.5% in 2016/20, P < 0.0001), while no increase in the consent rate for the Muslim population was noted. Religious objections as a reason for refusal decreased significantly (37.6% vs. 27.3%; P = 0.02), while the proportion of families citing donating as the "right thing to do" increased significantly (7% vs. 26.6%; P < 0.0001). Finally, a significant increase in the proportion of very positive DC-family interactions (59% to 78.3%, P < 0.0001) was noted. In conclusion, the increased consent rate in 2016/20 was associated with changes in expressed decision-making and donor coordinator-donor family interactions. Additional interventions tailored to all different populations groups need to be developed and further investigated.
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Izenstark D, Ravindran N, Rodriguez S, Devine N. The affective and conversational benefits of a walk in nature among mother-daughter dyads. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:299-316. [PMID: 33755327 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The emotional benefits of nature among children and adults are well documented. However, little is known regarding how nature exposure influences a parent and child walking together (Journal of Planning Literature, 2015, 30, 433). We examine how both environmental setting and social context influence affect and conversational content among mother-daughter dyads. Twenty-eight mother-daughter (aged 10-12) dyads participated in a within-subjects experimental design that included two counterbalanced conditions-a 20 minute walk outdoors and a 20 minute walk indoors. Self-reported positive affect and negative affect were collected before and after each condition, and audio-recorded observations were utilized to code expressed positivity, negativity, and conversational content during each condition. Results showed that 1) daughters self-reported positive affect increased after the outdoor walk and mothers and daughters reported decreased negative affect after both conditions, 2) mothers and daughters expressed less negativity during the nature walk and were more likely to influence each other's negative affect indoors, and 3) mothers and daughters talked more about the surrounding environment during the indoor walk and engaged in more neutral conversations during the outdoor walk. Findings from the study demonstrate the benefits of mother-daughter dyads walking together outdoors and highlight the importance of spending time outside as a way to promote positive family interactions.
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Pals RAS, Coyne I, Skinner T, Grabowski D. A delicate balance between control and flexibility: Experiences of care and support among pre-teenage children with type 1 diabetes and their families. Sociol Health Illn 2021; 43:369-391. [PMID: 33338277 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For children with type 1 diabetes, the period of adolescence is associated with higher blood glucose levels and increased psychological distress compared to other age groups. Focusing on pre-teens (9-12 years) with type 1 diabetes and their families has been suggested as key to understanding and reducing these challenges. The aim of this study was to explore: 1, how diabetes affects family life, 2, experiences of and needs for support and 3, how care responsibilities are negotiated among pre-teens with type 1 diabetes and their families. Data were obtained from four interactive workshops with pre-teens (n = 17), their parents (n = 26) and their siblings (n = 14). Dialogue tools, for example quotes and picture cards, were used to facilitate discussion and reflection concerning family life with type 1 diabetes. Data analysis resulted in three themes: 1, diabetes takes up 'a lot of space', 2, giving and receiving support and 3, balancing control and flexibility. While diabetes took up significant space in the families, family members protected each other from their respective frustrations. The findings point to the significance of considering all key family members and their interactions in diabetes interventions. This includes balancing control and flexibility, negotiating responsibilities and building trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regitze Anne Saurbrey Pals
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Imelda Coyne
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Rural Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Van der Cruijsen R, Buisman R, Green K, Peters S, Crone EA. Neural responses for evaluating self and mother traits in adolescence depend on mother-adolescent relationships. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:481-492. [PMID: 30946459 PMCID: PMC6570819 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important task in adolescence is to achieve autonomy while preserving a positive relationship with parents. Previous fMRI studies showed largely overlapping activation in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for evaluating self and close-other traits but separable activation for self and non-close other. Possibly, more similar mPFC activation reflects closeness or warmth in relationships. We investigated neural indicators of the mother–adolescent relationship in adolescents between 11 and 21 years (N = 143). Mother–adolescent relationship was measured using (i) mothers’ and adolescents’ trait evaluations about each other, (ii) observations of warmth, negativity and emotional support in mother–adolescent conversation and (iii) similarity in adolescents’ neural activation for evaluating self vs mother traits. Results showed relatively more similar mPFC activation in adolescents who evaluated their mothers’ traits more positively, suggesting that this is possibly a neural indicator of mother–adolescent relationship quality. Furthermore, mid-adolescence was characterized by more negative mother–adolescent interaction compared to early and late adolescence. This effect co-occurred with mid-adolescent peaks in dorsal striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal sulcus activation in evaluating traits of self vs mother. These results suggest more negative relationships and stronger self-focus in mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Van der Cruijsen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands.,Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands
| | - Renate Buisman
- Forensic Family Science and Youth Care Studies, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands
| | - Kayla Green
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Peters
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands.,Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands.,Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden AK, the Netherlands
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Waller R, Gard AM, Monk CS, Mitchell C, Bazzi B, Sypher I, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan S, Hyde LW. The System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning (SCIFF) in low-income and urban adolescents. Psychol Assess 2019; 31:974-984. [PMID: 30998037 PMCID: PMC8243344 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reliable, brief, and cost-effective methods to assess parenting are critical for advancing etiological research and translational efforts within parenting science. In the current study, we adapted the System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning (SCIFF) for use among a sample of mostly racial minority adolescents aged 15 years old, growing up in a low-income urban setting. A multiethnic team coded videotapes of a family interaction task designed to elicit conflict. First, we assessed the reliability of SCIFF codes (N = 187; 54% female; 77% African American). Second, we tested whether SCIFF codes assessing harsh parenting, positive parenting, dyadic conflict, and dyadic closeness converged with parent-child reports of the same constructs. Third we explored links between observed harsh and positive parenting in early childhood (ages 3 and 5) and SCIFF codes at age 15. Our training and SCIFF coding protocols produced high interrater reliability. In support of convergent validity, we found specificity in the associations between negative aspects of parenting across methods: the SCIFF harsh parenting and dyadic conflict codes uniquely converged with concurrent parent-child reports of the same constructs. There was a longitudinal cross-construct association between more observed harshness in early childhood and lower dyadic closeness at age 15. Finally, the convergence of the SCIFF codes with other parenting measures was similar by gender and for families living below or above 200% of the poverty line. A modified version of the SCIFF can be used with reliability in low-income urban samples with variation in gender and race. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Arianna M. Gard
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher S. Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Benjamin Bazzi
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington DC, 20059, USA
| | - Isaiah Sypher
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sara McLanahan
- Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
Family interactions are potential contexts for children with intellectual and learning disabilities to develop skillful social behaviors needed to relate effectively with peers. This study examined problem solving interactions within families of elementary school-age children (7-11 years) with intellectual disability (n = 37), specific learning disabilities (n =48), and without disabilities (n = 22). After accounting for group differences in children's behaviors and peer acceptance, across all groups, mothers' behaviors that encouraged egalitarian problem solving predicted more engaged and skillful problem solving by the children. However, mothers' controlling, directive behaviors predicted fewer of these behaviors by the children. Fathers' behaviors had mixed associations with the children's actions, possibly because they were reactive to children's unengaged and negative behaviors. For the children, greater involvement, more facilitative behaviors, and less negativity with their families were associated with greater acceptance from their peers, supporting family-peer linkages for children at risk for peer rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Floyd
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Psychology, 2530 Dole St., Sakamaki C-400, Honolulu, HI 96822, US
| | - Darren L Olsen
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Psychology, 2530 Dole St., Sakamaki C-400, Honolulu, HI 96822, US
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Gatta M, Miscioscia M, Svanellini L, Brianda ME, Guerra G, Battistella PA, Simonelli A. Triadic interactions in families with preterm children: a comparative study with children born at term. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2375-2388. [PMID: 28979125 PMCID: PMC5602454 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s129225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between parents and infants born preterm is multifaceted and could present some relational patterns which are believed to predict psychological risk more than others. For example, insensitive parenting behavior has been shown to place very preterm children at greater risk of emotional and behavioral dysregulation. The main objective of this study was to compare the quality of family interactions in a sample of families with preterm children with one of the families with at-term children, exploring possible differences and similarities. The second aim of this research was to consider the associations among family interactions and parental empowerment, the child's temperament, parenting stress, and perceived social support. The sample consisted of 52 children and their families: 25 families, one with two preterm brothers with preterm children (mean 22.3 months, SD 12.17), and 26 families with children born at term (mean 22.2 months, SD 14.97). The Lausanne Trilogue Play procedure was administered to the two groups to assess the quality of their family interactions. The preterm group was also administered the Questionari Italiani del Temperamento, the Family Empowerment Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form. Differences in the quality of family interactions emerged between the preterm and at-term groups. The preterm group showed significantly lower quality of family interactions than the at-term group. The parenting stress of both parents related to their parental empowerment, and maternal stress was also related to the partner's parental empowerment. Social support had a positive influence on parenting stress, with maternal stress also related to perceived social support from the partner, which underscores the protective role of the father on the dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Childhood Adolescence Family Unit AULSS 6 Veneto
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Elena Brianda
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Guerra
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Gatta M, Miscioscia M, Sisti M, Comis I, Battistella PA. Interactive Family Dynamics and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Psychiatric Adolescent Patients: A Single Case Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28220084 PMCID: PMC5292625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is a common, multifaceted phenomenon among adolescents. Recent researchers have shown that a number of psychological and psychiatric correlates are implicated in the onset/repetition of NSSI, but those previous studies did not directly observe the family interaction patterns of this clinical population. In this paper, the quality of family interactions was observed using the Lausanne Trilogue Play procedure to deepen the specific interactive dimensions associated with NSSI in adolescents. The results of a single case study showed a lack of positive emotional exchanges, a parenting style expressing hostility, a high level of control and difficulties in triangulation. Through this method, the authors show that a better understanding of the role of family interactions is crucial and could improve the assessment and treatment of Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious behaviors. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gatta
- Childhood Adolescence Family Unit, ULSS 16 - University of PaduaPadua, Italy; Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of PaduaPadua, Italy; Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
| | - Marta Sisti
- Childhood Adolescence Family Unit, ULSS 16 - University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Comis
- Childhood Adolescence Family Unit, ULSS 16 - University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | - Pier Antonio Battistella
- Childhood Adolescence Family Unit, ULSS 16 - University of PaduaPadua, Italy; Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of PaduaPadua, Italy
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Eg M, Frederiksen K, Vamosi M, Lorentzen V. How family interactions about lifestyle changes affect adolescents' possibilities for maintaining weight loss after a weight-loss intervention: a longitudinal qualitative interview study. J Adv Nurs 2017; 73:1924-1936. [PMID: 28160321 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine how family interactions related to lifestyle changes influence adolescents' potential for maintaining weight loss after participating in a weight-loss treatment programme. BACKGROUND Obesity among adolescents is a large and complex health problem worldwide. Family support is crucial if adolescents are to benefit from weight-loss intervention. DESIGN Qualitative research interviews with families who participated in a weight-loss programme. METHODS The sample consisted of 10 families selected among participants in a 1-year multidisciplinary family-based weight-loss programme. Three rounds of semi-structured interviews stretching over 5 years (2010-2015) were transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using Kvale and Brinkmann's framework for working with qualitative research interviews. FINDINGS Five years after the intervention ended, we found that a family's interactions were a key factor in how the family handled challenges involved in changing its diet and increasing physical activity and that daily activities in modern families influenced their interaction, as activities demanded so much of the family that it was difficult to sustain the lifestyle changes necessary for the adolescent to maintain achieved weight loss. Supporting the adolescent was far more difficult than families expected; more time-consuming and also a cause of family conflicts. Siblings who did not need to lose weight played a major, but overlooked, role. CONCLUSION The family's interactions and its handling of lifestyle changes were important to the adolescent's maintained weight loss. It is fundamental that the entire family is supportive, regardless of family structure and these issues ought to be addressed in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Eg
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital Viborg, Denmark.,The Centre for Research in Clinical Nursing, Denmark.,Section for Nursing, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Frederiksen
- Section for Nursing, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marianne Vamosi
- Section for Nursing, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Lorentzen
- Section for Nursing, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Centre for Nursing Research - Viborg, Denmark.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
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Abstract
Theories about the development of helping make different assumptions about infants' everyday experiences. Yet little research has investigated early helping at home. Two studies investigated the presence, encouragement, and social reinforcement of helping in 11- to 25-month-old infants in U.S. middle-class families. In Study 1, 76 mothers provided descriptions of infant helping. Study 2 involved videotaping of naturalistic interactions in 51 families. From around the first birthday, most infants helped at home. Instances of helping were frequently accompanied by encouragement, thanking, or praising. Longitudinal and cross-sectional findings were consistent with the view that family members' involvement contributes to infant helping, although the role of family members may depend on infant age. These findings have implications for theories and research about infant helping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Dahl
- University of California, Santa Cruz
- University of California, Berkeley
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13
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Storå B, Hagtvet KA, Heyerdahl S. Observations of families in structured interactions: parenting therapists provide reliable ratings of mothers' parenting. Scand J Psychol 2013; 55:65-71. [PMID: 24237459 PMCID: PMC4235396 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reliability of observations of parenting by parenting therapists was assessed. An important predictor of externalizing behavior in children is quality of parenting. Data were videotapes of structured interactions in families with a child age 8–12 years referred to the evidence based Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) treatment program for child behavior problems. The therapists had clinical PMTO training but no training in systematic observation. PMTO observational coders with specific coder training were included as a reference for the therapists. Five therapists and two coders observed videotapes of 10 families and performed global evaluations of mothers’ parenting skills. They used the coder’s impression measure used in PMTO research. Scores were analyzed in a generalizability theory framework for the two groups of observers separately. Both observer types reliably rank-ordered the mothers and assessed the level of parenting skills. PMTO therapists without coder training provided reliable ratings of parenting constructs relevant to the clinical PMTO program in a manner comparable to that of the trained reference coders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Storå
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sorlandet Hospital and Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Norway
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14
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Samuel-Hodge CD, Cene CW, Corsino L, Thomas C, Svetkey LP. Family diabetes matters: a view from the other side. J Gen Intern Med 2013; 28:428-35. [PMID: 23054922 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-012-2230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typically, chronic disease self-management happens in a family context, and for African American adults living with diabetes, family seems to matter in self-management processes. Many qualitative studies describe family diabetes interactions from the perspective of adults living with diabetes, but we have not heard from family members. OBJECTIVE To explore patient and family perspectives on family interactions around diabetes. DESIGN Qualitative study using focus group methodology. PARTICIPANTS & APPROACH: We conducted eight audiotaped focus groups among African Americans (four with patients with diabetes and four with family members not diagnosed with diabetes), with a focus on topics of family communication, conflict, and support. The digital files were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. Directed content analysis and grounded theory approaches guided the interpretation of code summaries. RESULTS Focus groups included 67 participants (81 % female, mean age 64 years). Family members primarily included spouses, siblings, and adult children/grandchildren. For patients with diabetes, central issues included shifting family roles to accommodate diabetes and conflicts stemming from family advice-giving. Family members described discomfort with the perceived need to police or "stand over" the diabetic family member, not wanting to "throw diabetes in their [relative's] face," perceiving their communications as unhelpful, and confusion about their role in diabetes care. These concepts generated an emergent theme of "family diabetes silence." CONCLUSION Diabetes silence, role adjustments, and conflict appear to be important aspects to address in family-centered diabetes self-management interventions. Contextual data gathered through formative research can inform such family-centered intervention development.
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Klarin M, Pororoković A, Sašić SŠ, Arnaudova V. Some characteristics of social interactions among adolescents in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2012; 5:163-72. [PMID: 23172992 PMCID: PMC3502031 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s36389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bioecological model refers to the basic social needs that a person has satisfied through social interactions. In individualist cultures, the need for independence is emphasized with the aim of self-realization and personal achievement. In collectivist cultures, togetherness is encouraged and it prevails over individuality. AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in adolescents (n = 1033) from three different cultural environments (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia) with regard to the various aspects of the social interactions and behaviors these adolescents exercise with their parents and friends. METHODS THREE GROUPS OF QUESTIONNAIRES WERE USED: those that measure family interactions (the quality of family interactions, loneliness in the family, and family influence); those that assess peer interactions (quality of friendships, social loneliness, and influence of friendships); and those that examined behavioral variables (self-esteem, aggression, and prosocialness). RESULTS Discriminant analysis has shown that there are two significant functions that differentiate subjects from the three different cultural environments. The first discriminant function that adequately discriminates between subjects in all three cultural environments is related to social and family loneliness and the influence of friends. Loneliness in the family, social loneliness, and influence of friends are most prevalent among adolescents in Macedonia and least among adolescents in Croatia. The second function that distinguished adolescents in Croatia from those in the other two cultural environments was primarily connected with the quality of family interactions, aggressiveness, parent influence, and self-esteem. Finally, it was found that adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina were more likely to engage in family interactions, have greater levels of parental influence, and appeared to be less aggressive and had lower self-esteem than adolescents from the other two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Klarin
- Department of Teacher and Preschool Teacher Education, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
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Abstract
Despite the large and growing numbers of adoptive families, little research describes interactions in families with adopted adolescents. Yet, adopted adolescents' increased risk for adjustment problems, combined with the association between family interactions and adolescent adjustment in nonadoptive families, raises questions about differences in adoptive and nonadoptive family interactions. We compared observed and self-reported family interactions between 284 adoptive and 208 nonadoptive families and within 123 families with 1 adopted and 1 nonadopted adolescent. Adolescents averaged 14.9 years of age. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance incorporating hierarchical linear methods in SAS PROC MIXED to control family-related correlations in the data. Parents and children reported more conflict in adoptive families when compared with nonadoptive families. Families with 1 adopted and 1 nonadopted adolescent reported more conflict between parents and adopted adolescents. Observed parental behavior was similar across adoptive and nonadoptive children although adopted adolescents were less warm and, in families with 2 adopted children, more conflictual than nonadopted adolescents. These findings suggest a need for further investigation of the association between family interactions and adopted adolescent problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Rueter
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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