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Boorom O, Fielding-Gebhardt H, Bredin-Oja S, Fleming K, Swinburne Romine RE, Brady N. Language Skills Influence Transition Planning in Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2024; 129:56-72. [PMID: 38147891 PMCID: PMC10753924 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-129.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and their parents have a range of experiences navigating the crucial transition period between adolescence and adulthood. Semistructured interviews of 47 mothers of adolescents with FXS (mean child age = 15.89 years) were analyzed to identify mothers' changing expectations during the adolescent period and parent goals related to work and postsecondary education. Mothers' work and education goals were explored in relation to child factors such as language skills and autism characteristics. Lower language skills were associated with lower likelihood of reporting vocational goals. Results suggest that adolescents with FXS with lower language ability are less likely to have vocational plans for adulthood during this critical period and may need greater transition planning assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Boorom
- Olivia Boorom and Heather Fielding-Gebhardt, University of Kansas
| | | | | | - Kandace Fleming
- Kandace Fleming, Rebecca E. Swinburne Romine, and Nancy Brady, University of Kansas
| | | | - Nancy Brady
- Kandace Fleming, Rebecca E. Swinburne Romine, and Nancy Brady, University of Kansas
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2
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Forseth B, Lancaster B, Olalde M, Befort CA, Swinburne Romine RE, Dreyer Gillette ML, Dean KM, Nelson EL, Davis AM. Recruitment and reach in a school-based pediatric obesity intervention trial in rural areas. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1181757. [PMID: 37325332 PMCID: PMC10267303 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1181757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study is to evaluate two recruitment strategies on schools and participant participation rates and representativeness (reach) within a pediatric obesity treatment trial tailored for families who live in rural areas. Methods Recruitment of schools was evaluated based on their progress toward enrolling participants. Recruitment and reach of participants were evaluated using (1) participation rates and (2) representativeness of demographics and weight status of participants compared to eligible participants (who did not consent and enroll) and all students (regardless of eligibility). School recruitment, as well as participant recruitment and reach, were evaluated across recruitment methods comparing opt-in (i.e., caregivers agreed to allow their child to be screened for eligibility) vs. screen-first (i.e., all children screened for eligibility). Results Of the 395 schools contacted, 34 schools (8.6%) expressed initial interest; of these, 27 (79%) proceeded to recruit participants, and 18 (53%) ultimately participated in the program. Of schools who initiated recruitment, 75% of schools using the opt-in method and 60% of schools using the screen-first method continued participation and were able to recruit a sufficient number of participants. The average participation rate (number of enrolled individuals divided by those who were eligible) from all 18 schools was 21.6%. This percentage was higher in schools using the screen-first method (average of 29.7%) compared to schools using the opt-in method (13.5%). Study participants were representative of the student population based on sex (female), race (White), and eligibility for free and reduced-price lunch. Study participants had higher body mass index (BMI) metrics (BMI, BMIz, and BMI%) than eligible non-participants. Conclusions Schools using the opt-in recruitment were more likely to enroll at least 5 families and administer the intervention. However, the participation rate was higher in screen-first schools. The overall study sample was representative of the school demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Forseth
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Brittany Lancaster
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Megan Olalde
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Christie A. Befort
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | | | - Meredith L. Dreyer Gillette
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Kelsey M. Dean
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Eve-Lynn Nelson
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ann M. Davis
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Forseth B, Davis AM, Bakula DM, Murray M, Dean K, Swinburne Romine RE, Fleming K. Validation of remote height and weight assessment in a rural randomized clinical trial. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:185. [PMID: 35818033 PMCID: PMC9272872 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to describe and assess a remote height and weight protocol that was developed for an ongoing trial conducted during the SARS COV-2 pandemic. METHODS Thirty-eight rural families (children 8.3 ± 0.7 years; 68% female; and caregivers 38.2 ± 6.1 years) were provided detailed instructions on how to measure height and weight. Families obtained measures via remote data collection (caregiver weight, child height and weight) and also by trained staff. Differences between data collection methods were examined. RESULTS Per absolute mean difference analyses, slightly larger differences were found for child weight (0.21 ± 0.21 kg), child height (1.53 ± 1.29 cm), and caregiver weight (0.48 ± 0.42 kg) between school and home measurements. Both analyses indicate differences had only minor impact on child BMI percentile (- 0.12, 0.68) and parent BMI (0.05, 0.13). Intraclass coefficients ranged from 0.98 to 1.00 indicating that almost all of the variance was due to between person differences and not measurement differences within a person. CONCLUSION Results suggest that remote height and weight collection is feasible for caregivers and children and that there are minimal differences in the various measurement methods studied here when assessing group differences. These differences did not have clinically meaningful impacts on BMI. This is promising for the use of remote height and weight measurement in clinical trials, especially for hard-to reach-populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical. Registered in clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03304249 ) on 06/10/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Forseth
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, CDU 2036, Kansas City, USA
| | - Ann M Davis
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, CDU 2036, Kansas City, USA.
| | - Dana M Bakula
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Megan Murray
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, CDU 2036, Kansas City, USA
| | - Kelsey Dean
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Kandace Fleming
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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Christensen KA, Forbush KT, Cushing CC, Lejuez CW, Fleming KK, Swinburne Romine RE. Evaluating associations between fitspiration and thinspiration content on Instagram and disordered-eating behaviors using ecological momentary assessment: A registered report. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1307-1315. [PMID: 33836098 PMCID: PMC9434495 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Greater use of appearance-focused social media, such as Instagram, is associated with increased body dissatisfaction and eating disorder (ED) symptoms; however, questions remain about the mechanism connecting social media use to disordered-eating behaviors (DEBs). The proposed study evaluates how and for whom exposure to fitspiration or thinspiration on Instagram is associated with DEBs. METHODS We will evaluate a hypothesized pathway from Instagram use to disordered-eating mediated by negative affect. We will test how individual differences in internalized weight stigma, trait self-esteem, and trait self-comparison moderate the pathway from social media use to negative affect. We will recruit 175 undergraduate women who report engaging in DEBs on average at least once per week over the past 3 months. Participants will complete a 7-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, during which they will report their Instagram use, affect, and engagement in DEBs. RESULTS Multi-level modeling will be used to assess moderated mediation. Results from this study will provide increased specificity about how Instagram usage is linked to eating pathology and who may be most vulnerable to experiencing distress. DISCUSSION Information about negative affect from Instagram and engagement in DEBs could contribute to the development of Just-In-Time Interventions for problematic social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsie T. Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Christopher C. Cushing
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA,Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Carl W. Lejuez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Kandace K. Fleming
- Research Design and Analysis Unit, Lifespan Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
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Bredin-Oja SL, Warren SF, Swinburne Romine RE, Fleming KK, Brady N, Berry-Kravis E. Word retrieval difficulty in adult females with the FMR1 premutation: Changes over time and across contexts. Brain Cogn 2021; 148:105694. [PMID: 33503544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a premutation of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene are at risk for a variety of psychological, physical, and cognitive issues, including difficulty with word retrieval. The present study examined three indicators of word retrieval difficulty; reduced productivity, reduced lexical diversity, and increased errors in word retrieval in a group of 38 female premutation carriers during standard-length speech samples collected over a period of eight years. Our results revealed that as women aged, they produced fewer words, produced fewer different words, and had greater word retrieval errors. In addition, the rate of word retrieval errors was highly correlated between two speaking contexts, indicating that this difficulty was pervasive and not solely the result of speaking in monologue. Our results suggest that subtle areas of cognitive decline emerge at a much earlier age among female premutation carriers than would be expected during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L Bredin-Oja
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1052 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Steven F Warren
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1052 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences and Disorders, University of Kansas, 3001 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rebecca E Swinburne Romine
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1052 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kandace K Fleming
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1052 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nancy Brady
- Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1052 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences and Disorders, University of Kansas, 3001 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Elizbeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 718, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Brady NC, Romine RES, Holbrook A, Fleming KK, Kasari C. Measuring Change in the Communication Skills of Children With Austim Spectrum Disorder Using the Communication Complexity Scale. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2020; 125:481-492. [PMID: 33211817 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.6.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in minimal verbal communication by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were measured with the Communication Complexity Scale (CCS) and other communication assessments. The CCS measures complexity of preverbal and beginning verbal communication used to communicate behavior regulation and joint attention. The purpose was to investigate if the CCS was responsive to changes associated with a behavioral intervention aimed at improving communication skills. Changes were detected with CCS scores, rates of initiating joint attention, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) Expressive Language subscale. Significant changes in CCS scores were also detected for a subgroup of participants who did not show significant changes on the MSEL Expressive Language subscale, demonstrating that CCS scores are sensitive to changes associated with a behavioral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Brady
- Nancy C. Brady and Rebecca E. Swinburne Romine, University of Kansas
| | | | | | | | - Connie Kasari
- Connie Kasari, University of California, Los Angeles
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7
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Lane KL, Oakes WP, Allen GE, Lane NA, Jenkins AB, Lane KS, Messenger ML, Buckman MM, Fleming KK, Romine RES. Improving Educators' Knowledge, Confidence, and Usefulness of a Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-tiered (Ci3T) Model of Prevention: Outcomes of Professional Learning. Educ Treat Children 2020; 43:279-293. [PMID: 34290471 PMCID: PMC8290887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined shifts in educators' perceived knowledge, confidence, and usefulness and actual knowledge of concepts in the Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-tiered (Ci3T) model of prevention before and after participation in a practice-based professional learning series to design, implement, and evaluate a Ci3T model for their school. Participants completed the Knowledge, Confidence, and Use (KCU) survey prior to and at the conclusion of the year-long, six-part Ci3T Professional Learning Series. Results indicated participants demonstrated statistically significant increases in perceived and actual knowledge, perceived confidence, and perceived usefulness of concepts measured, with effect sizes suggesting large effects. Implications for supporting educators in designing a Ci3T model of prevention to meet students' educational needs using a practice-based professional learning series are discussed along with limitations and considerations for future research.
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Collie-Akers VL, Fawcett SB, Schultz JA, Fleming KK, Swinburne Romine RE, Ritchie LD, Frongillo EA, Arteaga SS. Association of Multisetting Community Programs and Policies With Child Body Mass Index: The Healthy Communities Study. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17:E34. [PMID: 32379597 PMCID: PMC7207048 DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.190196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Expert opinion suggests that efforts to address childhood obesity should seek to transform the environments in which children operate. The objective of this study was to describe the extent to which multisetting programs and policies interact with community and child predictors and are associated with child body mass index (BMI) in the 130 US communities participating in the Healthy Communities Study. Methods For 2 years beginning in fall 2013, we collected data through key informant interviews on community programs and policies related to healthy weight among children that occurred in the 10 years before the interview. We characterized community programs and policies by intensity of efforts and the number of settings in which a program or policy was implemented. Child height and weight were measured during household data collection. We used multilevel modeling to examine associations of community programs and policies in multiple settings and child and community predictors with BMI z scores of children. Results The mean number of settings in which community policies and programs were implemented was 7.3 per community. Of 130 communities, 31 (23.8%) implemented community programs and policies in multiple settings. Higher-intensity community programs and policies were associated with lower BMI in communities that used multiple settings but not in communities that implemented programs and policies in few settings. Conclusion Efforts to prevent childhood obesity may be more effective when community programs and policies are both intensive and are implemented in multiple settings in which children live, learn, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Collie-Akers
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1008, Kansas City, Kansas 66160.
| | - Stephen B Fawcett
- Center for Community Health and Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jerry A Schultz
- Center for Community Health and Development, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | | | - Lorrene D Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and National Resources, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - S Sonia Arteaga
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bockting WO, Miner MH, Swinburne Romine RE, Dolezal C, Robinson B“BE, Rosser BS, Coleman E. The Transgender Identity Survey: A Measure of Internalized Transphobia. LGBT Health 2020; 7:15-27. [PMID: 31880493 PMCID: PMC6983734 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2018.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We describe the development of a measure of internalized transphobia, defined as discomfort with one's transgender identity as a result of internalizing society's normative gender expectations. Methods: An item pool was created based on responses from a small clinical sample (N = 12) to an open-ended questionnaire. Expert judges reviewed the items, resulting in a 60-item instrument for empirical testing. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) by using a community sample of 430 transgender individuals (aged 18-72, mean [M] = 37.4, standard deviation [SD] = 12.0), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by using an online sample of 903 transgender individuals (aged 18-66, M = 31.6, SD = 11.1). Construct validity was examined by using correlations with instruments assessing related constructs administered to the online sample. Results: EFA resulted in a 52-item instrument with four subscales: Pride, Passing, Alienation, and Shame. CFA, after removal of half of the items, retained the four-factor structure. The final 26-item scale showed excellent internal consistency (0.90) and test-retest reliability (0.93). The factors showed a pattern of association with crossgender identity, gender ideology, outness, felt stigma, self-esteem, and psychological distress consistent with moderate-to-good construct validity. Conclusion: Internalized transphobia can be conceptualized as four inter-related dimensions: pride in transgender identity (reverse scored), investment in passing as a cisgender person, alienation from other transgender people, and shame. The Transgender Identity Survey reliably assesses this construct, useful in research to understand the impact of minority stress on transgender people's health. It can also be used in clinical practice to assess internalized transphobia at intake and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter O. Bockting
- Program for the Study of LGBT Health, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia Psychiatry and the Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael H. Miner
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Curtis Dolezal
- Program for the Study of LGBT Health, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia Psychiatry and the Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
| | - Beatrice “Bean” E. Robinson
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - B.R. Simon Rosser
- HIV/STI Intervention and Prevention Studies Program, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eli Coleman
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Hahn LJ, Zimmer BJ, Brady NC, Swinburne Romine RE, Fleming KK. Role of maternal gesture use in speech use by children with fragile X syndrome. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2014; 23:146-159. [PMID: 24686460 PMCID: PMC4073801 DOI: 10.1044/2013_ajslp-13-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate how maternal gesture relates to speech production by children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). METHOD Participants were 27 young children with FXS (23 boys, 4 girls) and their mothers. Videotaped home observations were conducted between the ages of 25 and 37 months (toddler period) and again between the ages of 60 and 71 months (child period). The videos were later coded for types of maternal utterances and maternal gestures that preceded child speech productions. Children were also assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at both ages. RESULTS Maternal gesture use in the toddler period was positively related to expressive language scores at both age periods and was related to receptive language scores in the child period. Maternal proximal pointing, in comparison to other gestures, evoked more speech responses from children during the mother-child interactions, particularly when combined with wh-questions. CONCLUSION This study adds to the growing body of research on the importance of contextual variables, such as maternal gestures, in child language development. Parental gesture use may be an easily added ingredient to parent-focused early language intervention programs.
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Bockting WO, Miner MH, Swinburne Romine RE, Hamilton A, Coleman E. Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:943-51. [PMID: 23488522 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 808] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the association between minority stress, mental health, and potential ameliorating factors in a large, community-based, geographically diverse sample of the US transgender population. METHODS In 2003, we recruited through the Internet a sample of 1093 male-to-female and female-to-male transgender persons, stratified by gender. Participants completed an online survey that included standardized measures of mental health. Guided by the minority stress model, we evaluated associations between stigma and mental health and tested whether indicators of resilience (family support, peer support, identity pride) moderated these associations. RESULTS Respondents had a high prevalence of clinical depression (44.1%), anxiety (33.2%), and somatization (27.5%). Social stigma was positively associated with psychological distress. Peer support (from other transgender people) moderated this relationship. We found few differences by gender identity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the minority stress model. Prevention needs to confront social structures, norms, and attitudes that produce minority stress for gender-variant people; enhance peer support; and improve access to mental health and social services that affirm transgender identity and promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter O Bockting
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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12
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Robinson BBE, Galbraith JS, Swinburne Romine RE, Zhang Q, Herbst JH. Differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative African American men who have sex with men in two major U.S. metropolitan areas. Arch Sex Behav 2013; 42:267-278. [PMID: 22194090 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alarmingly high HIV prevalence rates among African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) require the development of effective prevention interventions. In this study of AAMSM conducted in two cities, we explored similarities and differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative AAMSM on sociodemographic variables, HIV-related risk behaviors, and attitudinal constructs. Differences emerged in several major life areas: (1) poverty, employment, and use of mental health services, (2) sexual risk behaviors, and (3) self-identification with gay identity and culture. With regard to sociodemographic indicators, HIV-positive AAMSM were doing worse than HIV-negative AAMSM in that they were more likely to be disabled, to be living below the poverty level, and accessing mental health services. With regard to risk behaviors and partner characteristics, HIV-positive AAMSM were acting more responsibly than their HIV-negative counterparts, as they were more likely to have used a condom the last time they had sex. In addition, when compared to their HIV-negative counterparts, HIV-positive AAMSM were more likely to have either no casual partners at all or main or casual partners who were HIV-positive, thus preventing new HIV transmission by partnering with other HIV-positive men. Attitudinally, HIV-positive men were more accepting of their sexual attractions to men and were more likely to identify as gay than their HIV-negative peers. Although causality cannot be determined, the findings of this study can be used to strengthen HIV prevention efforts by improving the selection of targeted behaviors and prevention messages for HIV-positive and HIV-negative AAMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bean E Robinson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Romine RES, Miner MH, Poulin D, Dwyer SM, Berg D. Predicting reoffense for community-based sexual offenders: an analysis of 30 years of data. Sex Abuse 2012; 24:501-514. [PMID: 22645230 DOI: 10.1177/1079063212446514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes to the area of risk prediction by exploring whether the Static-99R is useful for predicting reoffense in community-based samples, and for noncontact offenders with and without identified victims. A total of 744 participants drawn from an outpatient sex offender treatment program in a large metropolitan area were followed for a period of up to 30 years. Multiple Cox Regressions were run; covariates included length of treatment, status in treatment, Static-99R items, and number of technical probation violations. Overall, reoffending was an infrequent occurrence in this sample regardless of how it was defined, with sexual reoffenses identified in 13% of the sample and any criminal reoffense identified in 20% of the sample. Consistent with previous research, the Static-99R was a better predictor of sex-related reoffenses than of nonsexual reoffenses. However, in no case were more than a couple of the items significantly related to reoffending and these items differed depending on reoffense definition.
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