1
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Carteron A, Cantera I, Guerrieri A, Marta S, Bonin A, Ambrosini R, Anthelme F, Azzoni RS, Almond P, Alviz Gazitúa P, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Ceballos Lievano JL, Chand P, Chand Sharma M, Clague JJ, Cochachín Rapre JA, Compostella C, Cruz Encarnación R, Dangles O, Eger A, Erokhin S, Franzetti A, Gielly L, Gili F, Gobbi M, Hågvar S, Khedim N, Meneses RI, Peyre G, Pittino F, Rabatel A, Urseitova N, Yang Y, Zaginaev V, Zerboni A, Zimmer A, Taberlet P, Diolaiuti GA, Poulenard J, Thuiller W, Caccianiga M, Ficetola GF. Dynamics and drivers of mycorrhizal fungi after glacier retreat. New Phytol 2024; 242:1739-1752. [PMID: 38581206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of terrestrial ecosystems depends greatly on plant mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi. The global retreat of glaciers exposes nutrient-poor substrates in extreme environments and provides a unique opportunity to study early successions of mycorrhizal fungi by assessing their dynamics and drivers. We combined environmental DNA metabarcoding and measurements of local conditions to assess the succession of mycorrhizal communities during soil development in 46 glacier forelands around the globe, testing whether dynamics and drivers differ between mycorrhizal types. Mycorrhizal fungi colonized deglaciated areas very quickly (< 10 yr), with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi tending to become more diverse through time compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Both alpha- and beta-diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were significantly related to time since glacier retreat and plant communities, while microclimate and primary productivity were more important for ectomycorrhizal fungi. The richness and composition of mycorrhizal communities were also significantly explained by soil chemistry, highlighting the importance of microhabitat for community dynamics. The acceleration of ice melt and the modifications of microclimate forecasted by climate change scenarios are expected to impact the diversity of mycorrhizal partners. These changes could alter the interactions underlying biotic colonization and belowground-aboveground linkages, with multifaceted impacts on soil development and associated ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Carteron
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de PURPAN, UMR INRAE-INPT DYNAFOR, Toulouse, 31076, France
| | - Isabel Cantera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Argaly, Bâtiment CleanSpace, 354 Voie Magellan, 73800, Sainte-Hélène-du-Lac, France
| | - Silvio Marta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Argaly, Bâtiment CleanSpace, 354 Voie Magellan, 73800, Sainte-Hélène-du-Lac, France
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabien Anthelme
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra 'Ardito Desio', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 34, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Almond
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Pablo Alviz Gazitúa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, CW76+76, Osorno, Chile
| | | | | | - Pritam Chand
- Department of Geography, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Milap Chand Sharma
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development - School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - John J Clague
- Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Chiara Compostella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra 'Ardito Desio', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 34, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Dangles
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Andre Eger
- Mannaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Soils and Landscapes, 54 Gerald St., Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Sergey Erokhin
- Institute of Water Problems and Hydro-Energy, Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences, Frunze, 533, 720033, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Ludovic Gielly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrizio Gili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- Research and Museum Collections Office, Climate and Ecology Unit, MUSE-Science Museum, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Sigmund Hågvar
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433, Ås, Norway
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, 9006, Norway
| | - Norine Khedim
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, EDYTEM, F-73000, Chambéry, France
| | - Rosa Isela Meneses
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia: La Paz, FW6J+RP2, La Paz, Bolivia
- Universidad Católica del Norte, 8HCR+94, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gwendolyn Peyre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nurai Urseitova
- Institute of Water Problems and Hydro-Energy, Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences, Frunze, 533, 720033, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Vitalii Zaginaev
- Mountain Societies Research Institute, University of Central Asia, Toktogula 125/1, 720001, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrea Zerboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra 'Ardito Desio', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 34, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Anaïs Zimmer
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, 9006, Norway
| | - Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Jerome Poulenard
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, EDYTEM, F-73000, Chambéry, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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2
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Cantera I, Carteron A, Guerrieri A, Marta S, Bonin A, Ambrosini R, Anthelme F, Azzoni RS, Almond P, Alviz Gazitúa P, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Ceballos Lievano JL, Chand P, Chand Sharma M, Clague J, Cochachín Rapre JA, Compostella C, Cruz Encarnación R, Dangles O, Eger A, Erokhin S, Franzetti A, Gielly L, Gili F, Gobbi M, Hågvar S, Khedim N, Meneses RI, Peyre G, Pittino F, Rabatel A, Urseitova N, Yang Y, Zaginaev V, Zerboni A, Zimmer A, Taberlet P, Diolaiuti GA, Poulenard J, Thuiller W, Caccianiga M, Ficetola GF. The importance of species addition 'versus' replacement varies over succession in plant communities after glacier retreat. Nat Plants 2024; 10:256-267. [PMID: 38233559 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying plant succession remain highly debated. Due to the local scope of most studies, we lack a global quantification of the relative importance of species addition 'versus' replacement. We assessed the role of these processes in the variation (β-diversity) of plant communities colonizing the forelands of 46 retreating glaciers worldwide, using both environmental DNA and traditional surveys. Our findings indicate that addition and replacement concur in determining community changes in deglaciated sites, but their relative importance varied over time. Taxa addition dominated immediately after glacier retreat, as expected in harsh environments, while replacement became more important for late-successional communities. These changes were aligned with total β-diversity changes, which were more pronounced between early-successional communities than between late-successional communities (>50 yr since glacier retreat). Despite the complexity of community assembly during plant succession, the observed global pattern suggests a generalized shift from the dominance of facilitation and/or stochastic processes in early-successional communities to a predominance of competition later on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cantera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alexis Carteron
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, UMR INRAE-INPT DYNAFOR, Toulouse, France
| | - Alessia Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Argaly, Bâtiment CleanSpace, Sainte-Hélène-du-Lac, France
| | - Silvio Marta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Argaly, Bâtiment CleanSpace, Sainte-Hélène-du-Lac, France
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabien Anthelme
- Laboratory AMAP, IRD, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra 'Ardito Desio', Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Almond
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Pablo Alviz Gazitúa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | | | | | - Pritam Chand
- Department of Geography, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO- Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Milap Chand Sharma
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development - School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - John Clague
- Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Dangles
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Andre Eger
- Mannaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Soils and Landscapes, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Sergey Erokhin
- Institute of Water Problems and Hydro-Energy, Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ludovic Gielly
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrizio Gili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- Research and Museum Collections Office, Climate and Ecology Unit, MUSE-Science Museum, Trento, Italy
| | - Sigmund Hågvar
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norine Khedim
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, EDYTEM, Chambéry, France
| | - Rosa Isela Meneses
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia: La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gwendolyn Peyre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Nurai Urseitova
- Institute of Water Problems and Hydro-Energy, Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Vitalii Zaginaev
- Mountain Societies Research Institute, University of Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrea Zerboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra 'Ardito Desio', Milano, Italy
| | - Anaïs Zimmer
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jerome Poulenard
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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3
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Guerrieri A, Cantera I, Marta S, Bonin A, Carteron A, Ambrosini R, Caccianiga M, Anthelme F, Azzoni RS, Almond P, Alviz Gazitúa P, Cauvy-Fraunié S, Ceballos Lievano JL, Chand P, Chand Sharma M, Clague J, Cochachín Rapre JA, Compostella C, Cruz Encarnación R, Dangles O, Deline P, Eger A, Erokhin S, Franzetti A, Gielly L, Gili F, Gobbi M, Hågvar S, Khedim N, Meneses RI, Peyre G, Pittino F, Proietto A, Rabatel A, Urseitova N, Yang Y, Zaginaev V, Zerboni A, Zimmer A, Taberlet P, Diolaiuti GA, Poulenard J, Fontaneto D, Thuiller W, Ficetola GF. Local climate modulates the development of soil nematode communities after glacier retreat. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17057. [PMID: 38273541 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide retreat of glaciers is causing a faster than ever increase in ice-free areas that are leading to the emergence of new ecosystems. Understanding the dynamics of these environments is critical to predicting the consequences of climate change on mountains and at high latitudes. Climatic differences between regions of the world could modulate the emergence of biodiversity and functionality after glacier retreat, yet global tests of this hypothesis are lacking. Nematodes are the most abundant soil animals, with keystone roles in ecosystem functioning, but the lack of global-scale studies limits our understanding of how the taxonomic and functional diversity of nematodes changes during the colonization of proglacial landscapes. We used environmental DNA metabarcoding to characterize nematode communities of 48 glacier forelands from five continents. We assessed how different facets of biodiversity change with the age of deglaciated terrains and tested the hypothesis that colonization patterns are different across forelands with different climatic conditions. Nematodes colonized ice-free areas almost immediately. Both taxonomic and functional richness quickly increased over time, but the increase in nematode diversity was modulated by climate, so that colonization started earlier in forelands with mild summer temperatures. Colder forelands initially hosted poor communities, but the colonization rate then accelerated, eventually leveling biodiversity differences between climatic regimes in the long term. Immediately after glacier retreat, communities were dominated by colonizer taxa with short generation time and r-ecological strategy but community composition shifted through time, with increased frequency of more persister taxa with K-ecological strategy. These changes mostly occurred through the addition of new traits instead of their replacement during succession. The effects of local climate on nematode colonization led to heterogeneous but predictable patterns around the world that likely affect soil communities and overall ecosystem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Argaly, Bâtiment CleanSpace, Sainte-Hélène-du-Lac, France
| | - Isabel Cantera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Marta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- Argaly, Bâtiment CleanSpace, Sainte-Hélène-du-Lac, France
| | - Alexis Carteron
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabien Anthelme
- Laboratory AMAP, IRD, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Almond
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Pablo Alviz Gazitúa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | | | | | - Pritam Chand
- Department of Geography, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Milap Chand Sharma
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development - School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - John Clague
- Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Chiara Compostella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Dangles
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Deline
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, EDYTEM, Chambéry, France
| | - Andre Eger
- Mannaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Soils and Landscapes, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Sergey Erokhin
- Institute of Water Problems and Hydro-Energy, Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ludovic Gielly
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrizio Gili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- Research and Museum Collections Office, Climate and Ecology Unit, MUSE-Science Museum, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, Trento, Italy
| | - Sigmund Hågvar
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norine Khedim
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, EDYTEM, Chambéry, France
| | - Rosa Isela Meneses
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia: La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gwendolyn Peyre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Proietto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
| | - Nurai Urseitova
- Institute of Water Problems and Hydro-Energy, Kyrgyz National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Vitalii Zaginaev
- Mountain Societies Research Institute, University of Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrea Zerboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anaïs Zimmer
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jerome Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, EDYTEM, Chambéry, France
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- CNR - Water Research Institute, Verbania, Italy
- NBFC - National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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4
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Marta S, Zimmer A, Caccianiga M, Gobbi M, Ambrosini R, Azzoni RS, Gili F, Pittino F, Thuiller W, Provenzale A, Ficetola GF. Heterogeneous changes of soil microclimate in high mountains and glacier forelands. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5306. [PMID: 37652908 PMCID: PMC10471727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Landscapes nearby glaciers are disproportionally affected by climate change, but we lack detailed information on microclimate variations that can modulate the impacts of global warming on proglacial ecosystems and their biodiversity. Here, we use near-subsurface soil temperatures in 175 stations from polar, equatorial and alpine glacier forelands to generate high-resolution temperature reconstructions, assess spatial variability in microclimate change from 2001 to 2020, and estimate whether microclimate heterogeneity might buffer the severity of warming trends. Temporal changes in microclimate are tightly linked to broad-scale conditions, but the rate of local warming shows great spatial heterogeneity, with faster warming nearby glaciers and during the warm season, and an extension of the snow-free season. Still, most of the fine-scale spatial variability of microclimate is one-to-ten times larger than the temporal change experienced during the past 20 years, indicating the potential for microclimate to buffer climate change, possibly allowing organisms to withstand, at least temporarily, the effects of warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Marta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, IGG-CNR, Italian National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Anaïs Zimmer
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Gobbi
- Research & Museum Collections Office, Climate and Ecology Unit, MUSE-Science Museum, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122, Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences "Ardito Desio", University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 34, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gili
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Antonello Provenzale
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, IGG-CNR, Italian National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, F38000, Grenoble, France
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5
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Crosta A, De Felice B, Antonioli D, Chiarcos R, Perin E, Ortenzi MA, Gazzotti S, Azzoni RS, Fugazza D, Gianotti V, Laus M, Diolaiuti G, Pittino F, Franzetti A, Ambrosini R, Parolini M. Microplastic contamination of supraglacial debris differs among glaciers with different anthropic pressures. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158301. [PMID: 36030849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) contamination is ubiquitous and widespread in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including remote areas. However, information on the presence and distribution of MPs in high-mountain ecosystems, including glaciers, is still limited. The present study aimed at investigating presence, spatial distribution, and patterns of contamination of MPs on three glaciers of the Ortles-Cevedale massif (Central Alps, Northern Italy) with different anthropic pressures, i.e., the Forni, Cedec and Ebenferner-Vedretta Piana glaciers. Samples of supraglacial debris were randomly collected from the glaciers and MPs were isolated. The mean amount (±SE) of MPs measured in debris from Forni, Cedec and Ebenferner-Vedretta Piana glaciers was 0.033 ± 0.007, 0.025 ± 0.009, and 0.265 ± 0.027 MPs g-1 dry weight, respectively. The level and pattern of MP contamination from the Ebenferner-Vedretta Piana glacier were significantly different from those of the other glaciers. No significant spatial gradient in MP distribution along the ablation areas of the glaciers was observed, suggesting that MPs do not accumulate toward the glacier snout. Our results confirmed that local contamination can represent a relevant source of MPs in glacier ecosystems experiencing high anthropic pressure, while long-range transport can be the main source on other glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Crosta
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice De Felice
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Riccardo Chiarcos
- University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elena Perin
- University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marco Aldo Ortenzi
- University of Milan, Laboratory of Materials and Polymers (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gazzotti
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- University of Milan, Department of Earth Sciences "A. Desio", Via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Fugazza
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michele Laus
- University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guglielmina Diolaiuti
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pittino
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Parolini
- University of Milan, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Khedim N, Cécillon L, Poulenard J, Barré P, Baudin F, Marta S, Rabatel A, Dentant C, Cauvy‐Fraunié S, Anthelme F, Gielly L, Ambrosini R, Franzetti A, Azzoni RS, Caccianiga MS, Compostella C, Clague J, Tielidze L, Messager E, Choler P, Ficetola GF. Topsoil organic matter build-up in glacier forelands around the world. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:1662-1677. [PMID: 33342032 PMCID: PMC8048894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice-cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the build-up of SOM during the initial stages (up to 410 years) of topsoil development in 10 glacier forelands distributed on four continents. We test whether the net accumulation of SOM on glacier forelands (i) depends on the time since deglacierization and local climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation); (ii) is accompanied by a decrease in its stability and (iii) is mostly due to an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin. We measured total SOM concentration (carbon, nitrogen), its relative hydrogen/oxygen enrichment, stable isotopic (13 C, 15 N) and carbon functional groups (C-H, C=O, C=C) compositions, and its distribution in carbon pools of different thermal stability. We show that SOM content increases with time and is faster on forelands experiencing warmer climates. The build-up of SOM pools shows consistent trends across the studied soil chronosequences. During the first decades of soil development, the low amount of SOM is dominated by a thermally stable carbon pool with a small and highly thermolabile pool. The stability of SOM decreases with soil age at all sites, indicating that SOM storage is dominated by the accumulation of labile SOM during the first centuries of soil development, and suggesting plant carbon inputs to soil (SOM depleted in nitrogen, enriched in hydrogen and in aromatic carbon). Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of SOM stocks from proglacial areas to decomposition and suggest that their durability largely depends on the relative contribution of carbon inputs from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norine Khedim
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐BlancUniv. Grenoble AlpesCNRSEDYTEMChambéryFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
| | - Lauric Cécillon
- Univ. NormandieUNIROUENINRAEECODIVFR Scale CNRS 3730RouenFrance
- Laboratoire de GéologieCNRSÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityIPSLParisFrance
| | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐BlancUniv. Grenoble AlpesCNRSEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de GéologieCNRSÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityIPSLParisFrance
| | | | - Silvio Marta
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniv. of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Institut des Géosciences de l'EnvironnementUMR 5001Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSIRDGrenobleFrance
| | | | | | | | - Ludovic Gielly
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniv. of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniv. of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | | | | | | | - John Clague
- Department of Earth SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
| | - Levan Tielidze
- Antarctic Research CentreVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
- School of GeographyEnvironment and Earth SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Erwan Messager
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐BlancUniv. Grenoble AlpesCNRSEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniv. of MilanMilanItaly
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7
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Franzetti A, Pittino F, Gandolfi I, Azzoni RS, Diolaiuti G, Smiraglia C, Pelfini M, Compostella C, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Ambrosini R. Early ecological succession patterns of bacterial, fungal and plant communities along a chronosequence in a recently deglaciated area of the Italian Alps. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5894918. [PMID: 32815995 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the early ecological succession patterns of Forni Glacier (Ortles-Cevedale group, Italian Alps) forefield along an 18-year long chronosequence (with a temporal resolution of 1 year) has been reported. Bacterial and fungal community structures were inferred by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS, respectively. In addition, the occurrence of both herbaceous and arboreous plants was also recorded at each plot. A significant decrease of alpha-diversity in more recently deglaciated areas was observed for both bacteria and plants. Time since deglaciation and pH affected the structure of both fungal and bacterial communities. Pioneer plants could be a major source of colonization for both bacterial and fungal communities. Consistently, some of the most abundant bacterial taxa and some of those significantly varying with pH along the chronosequence (Polaromonas, Granulicella, Thiobacillus, Acidiferrobacter) are known to be actively involved in rock-weathering processes due to their chemolithotrophic metabolism, thus suggesting that the early phase of the chronosequence could be mainly shaped by the biologically controlled bioavailability of metals and inorganic compounds. Fungal communities were dominated by ascomycetous filamentous fungi and basidiomycetous yeasts. Their role as cold-adapted organic matter decomposers, due to their heterotrophic metabolism, was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - F Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - I Gandolfi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - R S Azzoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G Diolaiuti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Smiraglia
- Department of Earth Science "Ardito Desio", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Pelfini
- Department of Earth Science "Ardito Desio", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Compostella
- Department of Earth Science "Ardito Desio", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - B Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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8
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Ambrosini R, Azzoni RS, Pittino F, Diolaiuti G, Franzetti A, Parolini M. First evidence of microplastic contamination in the supraglacial debris of an alpine glacier. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:297-301. [PMID: 31323612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by plastic debris has been documented in most regions of the world, but their occurrence in high mountain areas has not been investigated to date. Here we present the first report of the occurrence and amount of microplastic in any terrestrial glacier environment. In the supraglacial debris of the Forni Glacier (Italian Alps), we observed the occurrence of (mean ± standard error) 74.4 ± 28.3 items kg-1 of sediment (dry weight). This amount is within the range of variability of microplastic contamination observed in marine and coastal sediments in Europe. Most plastic items were made by polyesters, followed by polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene. We estimated that the whole ablation area of Forni Glacier should host 131-162 million plastic items. Microplastic can be released directly into high elevation areas by human activities in the mountain or be transported by wind to high altitude. The occurrence of microplastic on Forni Glacier may be due to the gathering of debris coming from the large accumulation area into the relatively smaller ablation area of the glacier, as a consequence of its flow and melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20131, Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmina Diolaiuti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20131, Milano, Italy
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9
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Tampucci D, Azzoni RS, Boracchi P, Citterio C, Compostella C, Diolaiuti G, Isaia M, Marano G, Smiraglia C, Gobbi M, Caccianiga M. Debris-covered glaciers as habitat for plant and arthropod species: Environmental framework and colonization patterns. Ecological Complexity 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ferrario C, Pittino F, Tagliaferri I, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Azzoni RS, Diolaiuti G, Franzetti A, Ambrosini R, Villa S. Bacteria contribute to pesticide degradation in cryoconite holes in an Alpine glacier. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:919-926. [PMID: 28738304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants deposited on glacier snow and ice are subject to partitioning and degradation processes that determine their environmental fate and, consequently, their accumulation in ice bodies. Among these processes, organic compound degradation by supraglacial bacteria has been investigated to a lesser extent than photo- and chemical degradation. We investigated biodegradation of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), a xenobiotic tracer that accumulates on glaciers after atmospheric medium- and long-range transport, by installing in situ microcosms on an Alpine glacier to simulate cryoconite hole systems. We found that biodegradation contributed to the removal of CPF from the glacier surface more than photo- and chemical degradation. The high concentration of CPF (2-3 μg g-1 w.w.) detected in cryoconite holes and the estimated half-life of this compound (35-69 days in glacier environment) indicated that biodegradation can significantly reduce CPF concentrations on glaciers and its runoff to downstream ecosystems. The metabolic versatility of cryoconite bacteria suggests that these habitats might contribute to the degradation of a wide class of pollutants. We therefore propose that cryoconite acts as a "biofilter" by accumulating both pollutants and biodegradative microbial communities. The contribution of cryoconite to the removal of organic pollutants should be included in models predicting the environmental fate of these compounds in cold areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ferrario
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Pittino
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilario Tagliaferri
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Franzetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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11
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Ambrosini R, Musitelli F, Navarra F, Tagliaferri I, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Mayer C, Minora U, Azzoni RS, Diolaiuti G, Smiraglia C, Franzetti A. Diversity and Assembling Processes of Bacterial Communities in Cryoconite Holes of a Karakoram Glacier. Microb Ecol 2017; 73:827-837. [PMID: 27999874 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryoconite holes are small ponds that form on the surface of glaciers that contain a dark debris, the cryoconite, at the bottom and host active ecological communities. Differences in the structure of bacterial communities have been documented among Arctic and mountain glaciers, and among glaciers in different areas of the world. In this study, we investigated the structure of bacterial communities of cryoconite holes of Baltoro Glacier, a large (62 km in length and 524 km2 of surface) glacier of the Karakoram, by high-throughput sequencing of the V5-V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. We found that Betaproteobacteria dominated bacterial communities, with large abundance of genera Polaromonas, probably thanks to its highly versatile metabolism, and Limnohabitans, which may have been favoured by the presence of supraglacial lakes in the area where cryoconite holes were sampled. Variation in bacterial communities among different sampling areas of the glacier could be explained by divergent selective processes driven by variation in environmental conditions, particularly pH, which was the only environmental variable that significantly affected the structure of bacterial communities. This variability may be due to both temporal and spatial patterns of variation in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ambrosini
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Musitelli
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Navarra
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilario Tagliaferri
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany
| | - Umberto Minora
- "A. Desio" Dept. of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Smiraglia
- "A. Desio" Dept. of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Franzetti A, Navarra F, Tagliaferri I, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Minora U, Azzoni RS, Diolaiuti G, Smiraglia C, Ambrosini R. Temporal variability of bacterial communities in cryoconite on an alpine glacier. Environ Microbiol Rep 2017; 9:71-78. [PMID: 27897429 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryoconite holes, that is, small ponds that form on glacier surface, are considered the most biologically active environments on glaciers. Bacterial communities in these environments have been extensively studied, but often through snapshot studies based on the assumption of a general stability of community structure. In this study, the temporal variation of bacterial communities in cryoconite holes on the Forni Glacier (Italian Alps) was investigated by high throughput DNA sequencing. A temporal change of bacterial communities was observed with autotrophic Cyanobacteria populations dominating communities after snowmelt, and heterotrophic Sphingobacteriales populations increasing in abundance later in the season. Bacterial communities also varied according to hole depth and area, amount of organic matter in the cryoconite and oxygen concentration. However, variation in environmental features explained a lower fraction of the variation in bacterial communities than temporal variation. Temporal change along ablation season seems therefore more important than local environmental conditions in shaping bacterial communities of cryoconite of the Forni Glacier. These findings challenge the assumption that bacterial communities of cryoconite holes are stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Navarra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilario Tagliaferri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Minora
- "A. Desio" Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Sergio Azzoni
- "A. Desio" Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmina Diolaiuti
- "A. Desio" Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Smiraglia
- "A. Desio" Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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13
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Franzetti A, Navarra F, Tagliaferri I, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Minora U, Azzoni RS, Diolaiuti G, Smiraglia C, Ambrosini R. Potential sources of bacteria colonizing the cryoconite of an Alpine glacier. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174786. [PMID: 28358872 PMCID: PMC5373619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential contribution of ice-marginal environments to the microbial communities of cryoconite holes, small depressions filled with meltwater that form on the surface of Forni Glacier (Italian Alps). Cryoconite holes are considered the most biologically active environments on glaciers. Bacteria can colonize these environments by short-range transport from ice-marginal environments or by long-range transport from distant areas. We used high throughput DNA sequencing to identify Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in cryoconite holes and three ice-marginal environments, the moraines, the glacier forefield, and a large (> 3 m high) ice-cored dirt cone occurring on the glacier surface. Bacterial communities of cryoconite holes were different from those of ice-marginal environments and hosted fewer OTUs. However, a network analysis revealed that the cryoconite holes shared more OTUs with the moraines and the dirt cone than with the glacier forefield. Ice-marginal environments may therefore act as sources of bacteria for cryoconite holes, but differences in environmental conditions limit the number of bacterial strains that may survive in them. At the same time, cryoconite holes host a few OTUs that were not found in any ice-marginal environment we sampled, thus suggesting that some bacterial populations are positively selected by the specific environmental conditions of the cryoconite holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franzetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Navarra
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilario Tagliaferri
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Minora
- “A. Desio” Dept. of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Smiraglia
- “A. Desio” Dept. of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) - University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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