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Suryawanshi RK, Chen IP, Ma T, Syed AM, Brazer N, Saldhi P, Simoneau CR, Ciling A, Khalid MM, Sreekumar B, Chen PY, Kumar GR, Montano M, Gascon R, Tsou CL, Garcia-Knight MA, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Gliwa A, Nguyen J, Silva I, Milbes B, Kojima N, Hess V, Shacreaw M, Lopez L, Brobeck M, Turner F, Soveg FW, George AF, Fang X, Maishan M, Matthay M, Morris MK, Wadford D, Hanson C, Greene WC, Andino R, Spraggon L, Roan NR, Chiu CY, Doudna JA, Ott M. Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination. Nature 2022; 607:351-355. [PMID: 35584773 PMCID: PMC9279157 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron are globally relevant variants of concern. Although individuals infected with Delta are at risk of developing severe lung disease, infection with Omicron often causes milder symptoms, especially in vaccinated individuals1,2. The question arises of whether widespread Omicron infections could lead to future cross-variant protection, accelerating the end of the pandemic. Here we show that without vaccination, infection with Omicron induces a limited humoral immune response in mice and humans. Sera from mice overexpressing the human ACE2 receptor and infected with Omicron neutralize only Omicron, but not other variants of concern, whereas broader cross-variant neutralization was observed after WA1 and Delta infections. Unlike WA1 and Delta, Omicron replicates to low levels in the lungs and brains of infected animals, leading to mild disease with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and diminished activation of lung-resident T cells. Sera from individuals who were unvaccinated and infected with Omicron show the same limited neutralization of only Omicron itself. By contrast, Omicron breakthrough infections induce overall higher neutralization titres against all variants of concern. Our results demonstrate that Omicron infection enhances pre-existing immunity elicited by vaccines but, on its own, may not confer broad protection against non-Omicron variants in unvaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene P Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tongcui Ma
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah M Syed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Noah Brazer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Saldhi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camille R Simoneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison Ciling
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mauricio Montano
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel A Garcia-Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Venice Servellita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Gliwa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Noah Kojima
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashley F George
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Debra Wadford
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Carl Hanson
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Y Chiu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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