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Basile KC, Chen J, Friar NW, Smith SG, Leemis RW. Association of Contact Sexual Violence Victimization and Health in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:860-869. [PMID: 38331115 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual violence victimization is related to negative impacts, including chronic health conditions. Less is known about possible confounders of this relationship. This study examines the association between lifetime experience of contact sexual violence (CSV) and health conditions by sex, controlling for demographics and other victimization. METHODS Data are from the 2016/2017 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally representative study of English- or Spanish-speaking adults. Ten health conditions (e.g., HIV/AIDS) and four activity limitations (e.g., difficulty dressing) were examined related to CSV victimization. Logistic regression models examined the association between CSV victimization and health controlling for demographics and other victimization experiences. Analyses were conducted in 2022 to 2023. RESULTS For women and men, many health conditions and activity limitations were significantly associated with CSV after controlling for demographics. Accounting for other victimization, female CSV victims had higher odds of experiencing difficulty sleeping (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=1.3); difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions (AOR=1.7); and difficulty doing errands alone (AOR=1.4) than nonvictims. Male victims had higher odds than nonvictims of having HIV/AIDS (AOR=5.2); frequent headaches (AOR=1.5); chronic pain (AOR=1.5); difficulty sleeping (AOR=1.4); serious difficulty hearing (AOR=1.3); and difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions (AOR=1.5). CONCLUSIONS CSV had a negative impact on health, although other types of victimization appear to also have an impact, especially for women. Demographic characteristics also aid the understanding of the relationship between CSV and health. Efforts to prevent CSV and other forms of violence can be coupled with healthcare- and population-level approaches to improve long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jieru Chen
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Norah W Friar
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharon G Smith
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruth W Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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2
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Ruvalcaba Y, Mercer Kollar LM, Jones SE, Mercado MC, Leemis RW, MA ZQ. Adolescent Sexting, Violence, and Sexual Behaviors: An Analysis of 2014 and 2016 Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. J Sch Health 2023; 93:690-697. [PMID: 36544265 PMCID: PMC10544782 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexting is common among adolescents and is associated with numerous health risk behaviors and negative psychosocial constructs. This study examined the relationships between high school students' experiences with sexual violence victimization, dating violence victimization, and engagement in risky sexual behaviors with experiences of receiving sexts. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 2014 to 2016 data from Pennsylvania Youth Risk Behavior. Participants were selected using an independent 2-stage cluster sample design to produce a statewide population-based sample. The pencil and paper surveys were conducted in school. Participants included 6734 Pennsylvania high school students in grades 9-12. RESULTS Overall, 29.0% of Pennsylvania high school students had received a sext, which varied by sex, race/ethnicity, school grade, and sexual identity. Students who engaged in sexual risk behaviors, experienced dating violence, or experienced lifetime sexual violence outside of the dating context had a significantly higher prevalence of receiving a sext than students who did not engage in those behaviors or have those experiences. CONCLUSIONS Early screening and prevention efforts that include discussions about sexting behaviors may help prevent other negative outcomes, such as risky sexual behaviors and interpersonal violence. Addressing sexting in the education and health sectors may help to prevent other related harmful health and violence experiences during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Ruvalcaba
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Laura M. Mercer Kollar
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sherry Everett Jones
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Melissa C. Mercado
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhen-Qiang MA
- Division of Community Epidemiology, Bureau of Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, PA
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Espelage DL, Harper CR, Ingram KM, Basile KC, Leemis RW, Nickodem KK. Hostile home environment predicting early adolescent sexual harassment perpetration and potential school-related moderators. J Res Adolesc 2023; 33:530-546. [PMID: 36564897 PMCID: PMC10880809 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using family systems theory, this longitudinal study of middle school youth examined the effects of abuse, family conflict, and sibling aggression on sexual harassment perpetration (N = 1563; Mage 11.2, 51% boys; 39% Hispanic, 29% Black, and 19% White). Boys reported more sexual harassment than girls; perpetration increased for both. The association between a hostile home environment and sexual harassment perpetration was moderated by school experiences. School belonging buffered effects of hostile home environment on baseline sexual harassment perpetration for boys who experienced abuse and White adolescents with high sibling aggression. Academic grades moderated change in perpetration over time, but effects differed by sex and race. It is important to understand how early violence exposures relate to sexual violence perpetration during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L. Espelage
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher R. Harper
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine M. Ingram
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle K. Nickodem
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Wang J, Harrer S, Zwald ML, Leemis RW, Holland KM, Stone DM, McDavid Harrison K, Swedo EA. Association of Recent Violence Encounters With Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents With Depression. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e231190. [PMID: 36862413 PMCID: PMC9982692 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Suicide prevention is an important component of depression management. Knowledge about depressed adolescents with increased risk for suicide can inform suicide prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To describe the risk of documented suicidal ideation within a year following a diagnosis of depression and to examine how the risk of documented suicidal ideation differed by recent violence encounter status among adolescents with new depression diagnoses. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study in clinical settings including outpatient facilities, emergency departments, and hospitals. Using IBM's Explorys database containing electronic health records from 26 US health care networks, this study observed a cohort of adolescents with new depression diagnoses from 2017 to 2018 for up to 1 year. Data were analyzed from July 2020 to July 2021. EXPOSURES Recent violence encounter was defined by a diagnosis of child maltreatment (physical, sexual, or psychological abuse or neglect) or physical assault within 1 year before depression diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was diagnosis of suicidal ideation within 1 year following depression diagnosis. Multivariable adjusted risk ratios of suicidal ideation were calculated for overall recent violence encounters and for individual forms of violence. RESULTS Among a total of 24 047 adolescents with depression, 16 106 (67.0%) were female and 13 437 (55.9%) were White. A total of 378 had experienceda violence (hereafter, encounter group) and 23 669 had not (hereafter, nonencounter group). Following the diagnosis of depression, 104 adolescents with any past-year violence encounter (27.5%) documented suicidal ideation within 1 year. In contrast, 3185 adolescents in the nonencounter group (13.5%) experienced thoughts of suicide following the diagnosis of depression. In multivariable analyses, those with any violence encounter had 1.7 times (95% CI 1.4-2.0) higher risk of documented suicidal ideation compared with those in the nonencounter group (P < .001). Among different forms of violence, sexual abuse (risk ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.8) and physical assault (risk ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2) were associated with significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adolescents with depression, persons who experienced past-year violence encounters showed a higher rate of suicidal ideation than those who had not. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and accounting for past violence encounters when treating adolescents with depression to reduce risk of suicide. Public health approaches to prevent violence may help to avert morbidity associated with depression and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Marissa L. Zwald
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristin M. Holland
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deborah M. Stone
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen McDavid Harrison
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth A. Swedo
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Nickodem KK, Basile KC, Espelage DL, Leemis RW, Ingram KM, Barbero C. Sports Participation, Social Networks, and Sexual Violence Perpetration. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:NP1690-NP1717. [PMID: 35469485 PMCID: PMC9596613 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual violence (SV), which includes non-contact verbal sexual harassment (SH) and forced sexual contact (FSC), is a significant public health problem with long-term impacts on health and well-being. Understanding how sports participation is linked to SV can inform prevention efforts; however, the current literature is unclear about the nature of this association. Using data from 20 high schools, we investigate whether athletes in certain sports are at higher risk of SH and FSC perpetration than either other athletes or sports non-participants, and whether the risk is moderated by gender, dismissiveness of SV, or substance use intentions. We also utilize social network data to explore the role of relationships with peers and trusted adults to attenuate SH and FSC perpetration. Second, we incorporate characteristics of friends to further examine the role and composition of peer groups in the association between sports participation and perpetration of SH and FSC. Findings revealed a bivariate association between sport contact level and SH perpetration, but not FSC, and the association disappeared after adjusting for other covariates. Most prominently, dismissiveness of SV, intentions to use substances, and prior perpetration had the strongest association with perpetration regardless of sport contact level. Results also provided some support for the influence of peers and trusted adults in the sports context. Notably, the percentage of friends who perpetrated FSC and the percentage of friends who play a low-contact sport were positively associated with FSC perpetration, and the percentage of friends who play a high-contact sport was positively associated with SH perpetration. The paper concludes with a discussion of the sports context as an important venue for comprehensive prevention efforts, including a focus on changing norms around adolescent SV and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen C. Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention,
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention,
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Colleen Barbero
- Division of Violence Prevention,
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
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Basile KC, Clayton HB, Rostad WL, Leemis RW. Sexual Violence Victimization of Youth and Health Risk Behaviors. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:570-579. [PMID: 32033854 PMCID: PMC7266035 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses associations between past-12-month sexual violence victimization and recent health risk behaviors using a nationally representative sample of male and female high school students. It is hypothesized that sexual violence victimization will be associated with most of the negative health behaviors for both sexes. METHODS Data from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a school-based cross-sectional survey of students in Grades 9-12, were used to assess associations between sexual violence victimization and 29 health risk behaviors in sex-stratified logistic regression models. Effect modification was also examined through sex X sexual violence victimization interactions within unstratified models. All models controlled for race/ethnicity, grade, and sexual identity. Data were analyzed in 2018. RESULTS Students who experienced sexual violence victimization were significantly more likely to report many health risk behaviors and experiences, such as substance use, injury, negative sexual health behaviors, feelings of sadness or hopelessness, suicidality, poor academic performance, and cognitive difficulties, and these associations were often stronger among male students (significant adjusted prevalence ratios ranged from 1.63 to 14.40 for male and 1.24 to 6.67 for female students). CONCLUSIONS Past-year sexual violence victimization was significantly related to various health risk behaviors, suggesting that efforts to prevent sexual violence may also be associated with decreases in poor health. Integrating violence, substance use, sexual, and other health risk prevention efforts is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Basile
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Heather B Clayton
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Whitney L Rostad
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruth W Leemis
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Espelage DL, Leemis RW, Niolon PH, Kearns M, Basile KC, Davis JP. Teen Dating Violence Perpetration: Protective Factor Trajectories from Middle to High School among Adolescents. J Res Adolesc 2020; 30:170-188. [PMID: 31169951 PMCID: PMC6895399 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protecting adolescents from the risk of teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration is critical to enhancing prevention efforts. This study examined longitudinal trajectories of four protective factors (i.e., empathy, social support, parental monitoring, and school belonging) across adolescence in relation to four TDV types (i.e., verbal, relational, physical, and sexual). Adolescents (n = 1,668) who reported being in a relationship or dating during high school completed self-report measures from middle through high school. Results indicated that all protective factors differentiated between TDV perpetrators and nonperpetrators, although these trajectories varied for boys and for girls and across the different types of TDV. Overall, youth who did not perpetrate TDV in high school generally displayed higher protective factors across the TDV perpetration types.
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Basile KC, Rostad WL, Leemis RW, Espelage DL, Davis JP. Protective Factors for Sexual Violence: Understanding How Trajectories Relate to Perpetration in High School. Prev Sci 2019; 19:1123-1132. [PMID: 30151670 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual violence (SV) perpetration is a significant public health problem. Many risk factors for perpetration are known, but less is known about what protects youth from perpetration, or how protective factors change over time. This longitudinal study reports trajectories of four potential protective factors for SV perpetration (empathy, parental monitoring, social support, and school belonging) across middle and high school and examines their relationship to SV perpetration in high school. Findings reveal that youth who identified as SV perpetrators had significantly lower mean empathy scores (d = - 0.18, 95 % CI [-0.26, -0.10]) and social support scores (d = - 0.05, 95 % CI [-0.14, -0.03]) at the beginning of middle school than non-perpetrators. We also found that youth who identified as SV perpetrators had a quicker deceleration in parental monitoring (slopes) and empathy from middle to high school, compared to non-perpetrators. Within-sex differences emerged; significant differences in slopes were detected for school belonging between male perpetrators and male non-perpetrators (Wald test = 3.76 (1), p = .05) and between female perpetrators and female non-perpetrators (Wald test = 3.95(1), p = .04). Significant differences in slopes for empathy between female perpetrators and female non-perpetrators (Wald test = 4.76(1), p = .03) were also detected. No differences were found between male and female SV perpetrators for either empathy or school belonging. These findings have implications for the content and timing of adolescent SV prevention efforts. Intervention in adolescence, involving parents and schools in a comprehensive, multi-level approach, may be effective in preventing SV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F64, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Whitney L Rostad
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F64, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Ruth W Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F64, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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9
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Leemis RW, Espelage DL, Basile KC, Mercer Kollar LM, Davis JP. Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:181-192. [PMID: 30578554 PMCID: PMC6437684 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents engage in bullying and sexual harassment perpetration both in-person and online. Yet, little is known about the overlap of traditional (in-person) and cyber bullying and sexual harassment perpetration. The present study assessed the co-occurrence of these forms of aggression in high school and identified middle school predictors based on participants' perceptions of factors across the social ecology. Racially diverse middle and high school students (n = 3549) were surveyed over four time points from Spring 2008 to Spring 2013. A latent class analysis was used to identify classes of individuals according to endorsement of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment items in high school. Four classes were identified: (1) high all, consisting of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment perpetration (n = 227); (2) traditional bullying perpetration (n = 604); (3) traditional and cyber bullying perpetration (n = 450); and (4) low all (n = 1,261). Students who reported high levels of anger, self-esteem, empathy, pornographic exposure, and traditional masculinity (individual level), lower levels of social support and parental monitoring (relational level), and higher levels of school belonging (community level) had increased odds of being in the high all class when compared to the other classes. Given the co-occurrence of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment, prevention programming that addresses both forms of aggression across traditional and online contexts may be beneficial. This study also suggests the importance of comprehensive prevention efforts that incorporate approaches at the different ecological levels, such as teaching adolescents healthy emotional and interpersonal skills, and engaging parents in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Kathleen C. Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laura M. Mercer Kollar
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jordan P. Davis
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Department of Children, Youth, and Families, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, Los Angeles, California
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10
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Espelage DL, Davis JP, Basile KC, Rostad WL, Leemis RW. Alcohol, Prescription Drug Misuse, Sexual Violence, and Dating Violence Among High School Youth. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:601-607. [PMID: 30172675 PMCID: PMC6200598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual violence (SV), teen dating violence (TDV), and substance use are significant public health concerns among U.S. adolescents. This study examined whether latent classes of baseline alcohol and prescription drug misuse longitudinally predict SV and TDV victimization and perpetration (i.e., verbal,relational, physical/threatening, and sexual) 1 year later. METHODS Students from six Midwestern high schools (n = 1,875; grades 9-11) completed surveys across two consecutive spring semesters. Latent class analysis was used to identify classes of individuals according to four substance use variables. A latent class regression and a manual three-step auxiliary approach were used to assess concurrent and distal relationships between identified classes and SV and TDV victimization and perpetration. RESULTS Three classes of substance use were identified: low/no use (41% of sample), alcohol only use (45%), and alcohol and prescription drug misuse (APD) (14%). Youth in the APD class experienced greater SV and TDV victimization and perpetration than the alcohol only class at baseline. At Time 2 (one year later), youth in the baseline APD class experienced significantly higher SV and TDV victimization and perpetration outcomes than youth in the alcohol only class with the exception of sexual and physical TDV perpetration. CONCLUSIONS The misuse of both alcohol and prescription drugs emerged as a significant risk factor for later SV and TDV among adolescents. As such, it would be beneficial if future research continued to assess the nature of these associations and incorporate prescription drug use and misuse into heath education,substance use, and violence prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L. Espelage
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,Address correspondence to: Dorothy L. Espelage, Ph.D., University of Florida, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32611. (D.L. Espelage)
| | | | - Kathleen C. Basile
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Whitney L. Rostad
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Peterson C, Xu L, Leemis RW, Stone DM, Ballesteros MF. Non-fatal self-inflicted versus undetermined intent injuries: patient characteristics and incidence of subsequent self-inflicted injuries. Inj Prev 2018; 25:521-528. [PMID: 30352796 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-fatal self-inflicted (SI) injuries may be underidentified in administrative medical data sources. OBJECTIVE Compare patients with SI versus undetermined intent (UI) injuries according to patient characteristics, incidence of subsequent SI injury and risk factors for subsequent SI injury. METHODS Truven Health MarketScan was used to identify patients' (aged 10-64) first SI or UI injury in 2015 (index injury). Patient characteristics and subsequent SI within 1 year were assessed. A logistic regression model examined factors associated with subsequent SI. RESULTS Among analysed patients (n=44 806; 36% SI, 64% UI), a higher proportion of patients with SI index injury were female, had preceding comorbidities (eg, depression), Medicaid (vs commercial insurance), treatment in an ambulance or hospital and cut/pierce or poisoning injuries compared with patients with UI index injury. Just 1% of patients with UI had subsequent SI≤1 year vs 16% of patients with SI. Among patients with UI index injury, incidence of and risk factors for subsequent SI injury were similar across assessed age groups (10-24 years, 25-44 years, 45-64 years). Severe injuries (eg, treated in emergency department), cut/pierce or poisoning injuries, mental health and substance use disorder comorbidities and Medicaid (among adult patients) were risk factors for subsequent SI among patients with UI index injuries. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of circumstances that influence clinicians' SI vs UI coding decisions, information on incidence of and risk factors for subsequent SI can help to inform clinical treatment decisions when SI injury is suspected as well as provide evidence to support the development and implementation of self-harm prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Peterson
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Likang Xu
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ruth W Leemis
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah M Stone
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael F Ballesteros
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Mercado MC, Holland K, Leemis RW, Stone DM, Wang J. Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Nonfatal Self-inflicted Injuries Among Youth Aged 10 to 24 Years in the United States, 2001-2015. JAMA 2017; 318:1931-1933. [PMID: 29164246 PMCID: PMC5753998 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C. Mercado
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristin Holland
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ruth W. Leemis
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deborah M. Stone
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Holland KM, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Logan JE, Leemis RW. Antecedents of Suicide among Youth Aged 11-15: A Multistate Mixed Methods Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:1598-1610. [PMID: 27844461 PMCID: PMC5961726 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth aged 11 to 15, taking over 5,500 lives from 2003 to 2014. Suicide among this age group is linked to risk factors such as mental health problems, family history of suicidal behavior, biological factors, family problems, and peer victimization and bullying. However, few studies have examined the frequency with which such problems occur among youth suicide decedents or the context in which decedents experience these risk factors and the complex interplay of risk that results in a decedent's decision to take his/her own life. Data from a random sample of 482 youth (ages 11-15) suicide cases captured in the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2003 to 2014 were analyzed. The sample had fewer girls than boys (31 vs. 69 %) and comprised primarily White youth (79 %), but also African Americans (13 %), Asians (4 %), and youth of other races (4 %). Narrative data from coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement investigative reports were coded and analyzed to identify common behavioral patterns that preceded suicide. Emergent themes were quantified and examined using content and constant comparative analysis. Themes regarding antecedents across multiple levels of the social ecology emerged. Relationship problems, particularly with parents, were the most common suicide antecedent. Also, a pattern demonstrating a consistent progression toward suicidal behavior emerged from the data. Narratives indicated that youth were commonly exposed to one or more problems, often resulting in feelings of loneliness and burdensomeness, which progressed toward thoughts and sometimes plans for or attempts at suicide. Continued exposure to negative experiences and thoughts/plans about suicide, and/or self-injurious acts resulted in an acquired capacity to self-harm, eventually leading to suicide. These findings provide support for theories of suicidal behavior and highlight the importance of multi-level, comprehensive interventions that address individual cognitions and build social connectedness and support, as well as prevention strategies that increase awareness of the warning signs and symptoms of suicide, particularly among family members of at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Holland
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph E Logan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth W Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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