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Sattar S, Papadopoulos E, Smith GVH, Haase KR, Kobekyaa F, Tejero I, Bradley C, Nadler MB, Campbell KL, Santa Mina D, Alibhai SMH. State of research, feasibility, safety, acceptability, and outcomes examined on remotely delivered exercises using technology for older adult with cancer: a scoping review. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01427-9. [PMID: 37418170 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Technology-based exercise is gaining attention as a promising strategy for increasing physical activity (PA) in older adults with cancer (OACA). However, a comprehensive understanding of the interventions, their feasibility, outcomes, and safety is limited. This scoping review (1) assessed the prevalence and type of technology-based remotely delivered exercise interventions for OACA and (2) explored the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and outcomes in these interventions. METHODS Studies with participant mean/median age ≥ 65 reporting at least one outcome measure were included. Databases searched included the following: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library Online, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO. Multiple independent reviewers completed screening and data abstractions of articles in English, French, and Spanish. RESULTS The search yielded 2339 citations after removing duplicates. Following title and abstract screening, 96 full texts were review, and 15 were included. Study designs were heterogeneous, and sample sizes were diverse (range 14-478). The most common technologies used were website/web portal (n = 6), videos (n = 5), exergaming (n = 2), accelerometer/pedometer with video and/or website (n = 4), and live-videoconferencing (n = 2). Over half (9/15) of the studies examined feasibility using various definitions; feasibility outcomes were reached in all. Common outcomes examined include lower body function and quality of life. Adverse events were uncommon and minor were reported. Qualitative studies identified cost- and time-savings, healthcare professional support, and technology features that encourage engagement as facilitators. CONCLUSION Remote exercise interventions using technology appear to be feasible and acceptable in OACA. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Some remote exercise interventions may be a viable way to increase PA for OACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 108-4400 4th Ave, Regina, SK, S4T 0H6, Canada.
| | - E Papadopoulos
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, 3/F, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - G V H Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212 - 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - K R Haase
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211, Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - F Kobekyaa
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211, Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - I Tejero
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Parc de Salut Mar, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 25, 29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Bradley
- Library, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M B Nadler
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, 3/F, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - K L Campbell
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212 - 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - D Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - S M H Alibhai
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, 3/F, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Ste. 425, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada
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Sattar S, Haase K, Alibhai S, Penz K, Amir E, Kuster S, Harenberg S, Pitters E, Campbell D, McNeely M. Testing the feasibility and effects of the virtual STABLE program on reducing fall risk among community-dwelling older adults with cancer: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Haase K, Sattar S, Pilleron S, Lambrechts Y, Hannan M, Navarrete E, Kantilal K, Newton L, Kantilal K, Jin R, van der Wal-Huisman H, Strohschein F, Pergolotti M, Read K, Kenis C, Puts M. Ageism in cancer care: A scoping review by the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) Nursing and Allied Health Interest Group. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sattar S, Haase K, Kaur A, Ahmed S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activities in older adults with cancer in a Canadian central province. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8675175 DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sattar S, Alibhai S, Haase K, Effa C, Nedeljak J, Amir E, Campbell D, McNeely M. Feasibility of a virtual hybrid exercise program for older adults with cancer and its effects on lower body strength and balance. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Masood S, Hussain A, Javid A, Bukahri SM, Ali W, Ali S, Ghaffar I, Imtiaz A, Amin HMA, Salahuddin H, Inayat M, Razzaq S, Kafayat F, Rafiq H, Yasmeen M, Muneeb M, Sattar S. Fungal decomposition of chicken-feather waste in submerged and solid-state fermentation. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246389. [PMID: 34320050 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry industry is expanding rapidly and producing million tons of feather waste annually. Massive production of keratinaceous byproducts in the form of industrial wastes throughout the world necessitates its justified utilization. Chemical treatment of keratin waste is proclaimed as an eco-destructive approach by various researchers since it generates secondary pollutants. Keratinase released by a variety of microbes (bacteria and fungi) can be used for the effective treatment of keratin waste. Microbial degradation of keratin waste is an emerging and eco-friendly approach and offers dual benefits, i.e., treatment of recalcitrant pollutant (keratin) and procurement of a commercially important enzyme (keratinase). This study involves the isolation, characterization, and potential utility of fungal species for the degradation of chicken-feather waste through submerged and solid-state fermentation. The isolated fungus was identified and characterized as Aspergillus (A.) flavus. In a trial of 30 days, it was appeared that 74 and 8% feather weight was reduced through sub-merged and solid-state fermentation, respectively by A. flavus. The pH of the growth media in submerged fermentation was changed from 4.8 to 8.35. The exploited application of keratinolytic microbes is, therefore, recommended for the treatment of keratinaceous wastes to achieve dual benefits of remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukahri
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of the Punjab, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Ghaffar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Imtiaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H M A Amin
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Dairy Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Salahuddin
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - M Inayat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Razzaq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Kafayat
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - H Rafiq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Yasmeen
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Muneeb
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Sattar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sattar S, Haase KR, Bradley C, Papadopoulos E, Kuster S, Santa Mina D, Tippe M, Kaur A, Campbell D, Joshua AM, Rediger C, Souied O, Alibhai S. Barriers and facilitators related to undertaking physical activities among men with prostate cancer: a scoping review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:1007-1027. [PMID: 34108646 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatments lead to significant acute, chronic, or latent adverse effects that result in declines in patients' physical functions, quality of life and reduced sense of masculinities. Robust evidence shows that physical activity (PA) can improve many health outcomes in men with PC; however, less is known about the facilitators, preferences, and barriers to PA engagement in this population. The purpose of this scoping review is to document the nature and extent of literature related to these aspects of PA participation among men with PC. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of PA among men with PC. Databases searched included Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and SportDiscus from inception to June 30, 2020. Multiple reviewers were used in all screening and data abstractions. RESULTS The search yielded 2788 individual citations after duplicates were removed. Following title and abstract screening, 129 underwent full-text review, and 46 articles were included. Quantitative data related to our research question showed that structured group exercise was the most commonly reported facilitator/preference among men with PC, whereas treatment-related effects and lack of time are the most common barriers. In terms of qualitative data, the most prominent theme noted related to masculinities and gender-specific needs within the context of having PC. CONCLUSION Men with PC have unique facilitators and barriers concerning PA. More work is needed from the research and clinical practice perspectives to enable this population to engage and remain in regular PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada.
| | - K R Haase
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Bradley
- Library, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - E Papadopoulos
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Kuster
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - D Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Tippe
- Patient consultant, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Kaur
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - D Campbell
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Rediger
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - O Souied
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - S Alibhai
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sattar S, Haase K, Kuster S, Puts M, Spoelstra S, Bradley C, Wildes TM, Alibhai S. Falls in older adults with cancer: an updated systematic review of prevalence, injurious falls, and impact on cancer treatment. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:21-33. [PMID: 32671565 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This update of our 2016 systematic review answers the following questions: (1) How often do older adults with cancer fall? (2) What are the predictors for falls? (3) What are the rates and predictors of injurious falls? (4) What are the circumstances and outcomes of falls? (5) How do falls in older patients affect subsequent cancer treatment? and a new research question, (6) Which fall reduction interventions are efficacious in this population? METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase were searched (September 2015-January 25, 2019). Eligible studies included clinical trials and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies published in English in which the sample (or subgroup) included adults aged ≥ 60, with cancer, in whom falls were examined as an outcome. RESULTS A total of 2521 titles were reviewed, 67 full-text articles were screened for eligibility, and 30 new studies were identified. The majority involved the outpatient setting (n = 19) utilizing cross-sectional method (n = 18). Sample size ranged from 21 to 17,958. Fall rates ranged from 1.52 to 3.41% per 1000 patient days (inpatient setting) and from 39%/24 months to 64%/12 months (outpatient setting). One out of the 6 research questions contributed to a new finding: one study reported that 1 in 20 older patients experienced impact on cancer treatment due to falls. No consistent predictors for falls/fall injuries and no studies on fall reduction interventions in the geriatric oncology setting were identified. CONCLUSION This updated review highlights a new gap in knowledge pertaining to interventions to prevent falls. Additionally, new knowledge also emerged in terms of impact of falls on cancer treatment; however, further research may increase generalizability. Falls and fall-related injuries are common in older adults with cancer and may affect subsequent cancer treatment. Further studies on predictors of falls, subsequent impacts, and fall reduction in the oncology setting are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 4400 4th Avenue, Room 108, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4T 0H8, Canada.
| | - K Haase
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S Kuster
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - M Puts
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Spoelstra
- Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - C Bradley
- Library, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - T M Wildes
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Alibhai
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluations, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Abbas Z, Siddiqui BS, Shahzad S, Sattar S, Begum S, Batool A, Choudhary MI. Lawsozaheer, a new chromone produced by an endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii isolated from Lawsonia Alba Lam. inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4448-4453. [PMID: 32091239 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1729148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One new chromone, lawsozaheer (1), and five known compounds 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol (2), viriditoxin (3), stigmasta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (4), β-sitosterol (5) and stigmasterol (6) were isolated from the fungal broth of Paecilomyces variotii. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data. The configuration of 1 was determined by Horeau's method. The broth extract and compound 1 showed highly selective activity against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) bacterium with 83.19 and 84.26% inhibition respectively at 150 µg/mL, comparing well with that of standard drug ofloxacin (87.013% inhibition at 100 µg/mL). Broth extract also showed 75, and 40% inhibition of Candida albicans and Fusarium lini, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Abbas
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bina Shaheen Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Shahzad
- Department of Agriculture & Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samia Sattar
- Department of Agriculture & Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- Department of biochemistry, faculty of science, Icing Abdnlaziz university, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Anum Batool
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Choudhary
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of biochemistry, faculty of science, Icing Abdnlaziz university, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia
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Abstract
Due to shorter shelf life and inadequate postharvest facilities, every year a huge loss of
banana occurs in Bangladesh. An effective postharvest practice can reduce the spoilage
rate as well as can extend the shelf life of banana. In this context, this current study was
conducted to assess the effect of banana peel extract (BPE) on shelf life and quality
characteristics of ripe banana (cultivar: sagar). Four types of ripe banana samples were
prepared and were assessed to find the changes of different physico-chemical parameters
like weight loss, color, flavor, firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), pH and spoilage rate.
Storage study showed that shelf life of banana can be extended around 2-3 days by
spraying BPE on the outer surface of ripe banana. Bananas without treatment were
completely spoiled on the fifth day of storage whereas 31.25, 50.00 and 69.23% samples
were spoiled on that day in case of bananas treated with BPE of 80% ethanol, distilled
water and acetone respectively. The best retention of color, flavor and texture was found
for samples treated with BPE of 80% ethanol. Finally, this study revealed that banana peel
can be used as a potential source to preserve banana with extended shelf stability
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Sattar S, Puts M, Spoelstra S, Yokom D, Haase K, Kuster S, Bradley C, Fazalzad R, Wildes T, Alibhai S. FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH CANCER: PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PREVALENCE, INJURIOUS FALLS, AND IMPACT ON CANCER TREATMENT. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haase K, Putts M, Sattar S, Gray M, Kenis C, Donison V, Mclean B, Willis A, Howell D. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SELF-MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH CANCER. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sattar S, Haase K, Bradley C, Papadopoulos E, Kuster S, Mina D, Joshua A, Souied O, Rediger C, Alibhai S. PERCEPTION OF STRUCTURED EXERCISE PROGRAMS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICIPATION AND ADHERENCE AMONG MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER: A SCOPING REVIEW. J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gabriel PG, Chen KJ, Alasfour A, Pailla T, Doyle WK, Devinsky O, Friedman D, Dugan P, Melloni L, Thesen T, Gonda D, Sattar S, Wang SG, Gilja V. Neural correlates of unstructured motor behaviors. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:066026. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Quddus AR, Islam MN, Uddin MB, Mahmud AA, Badruzzaman M, Saha SK, Sattar S, Afreen KF. Study of Risk Factors, Causative Organisms & Their Sensitivity Pattern in Neonatal Sepsis in a Community Based Tertiary Level Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:839-848. [PMID: 31599249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common reasons for admission to neonatal units in developing countries. It is also a major cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries. The type and pattern of organisms that cause neonatal sepsis changes over time and vary from one hospital to another hospital, even in the same country. In addition the causative organisms have developed increased drug resistance for the last two decades. Maternal, neonatal and environmental risk factors have contributed for the development of sepsis. To study the risk factors, causative organism and bacterial sensitivity pattern in cases of neonatal sepsis. This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months. The study included 100 patients admitted at the neonatal ward of Department of Pediatrics, Community Based Medical College Bangladesh, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Blood samples for culture were taken aseptically before starting antibiotic therapy. Microorganisms were isolated and identified by standard microbiological processes and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns were performed against amikacin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. The factors which carried a significant risk for development of neonatal sepsis were low birth weight, preterm neonates, meconium stained liquor and prolonged rupture of membrane (>18 hours). Gram negative organisms predominated (68.8%) with Escherichia coli (33.3%) being the commonest. The gram negative bacteria which were isolated sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone. The organisms also relatively more sensitive to ciprofloxacin and highly sensitive to ceftazidime. The Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity against only the antibiotic Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin. The overall mortality was 9%. The outcome of the study will contribute to preventing and treating neonatal sepsis in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Quddus
- Dr ASM Ruhul Quddush, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Community Based Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Begum A, Irfan SR, Hoque MR, Habib SH, Parvin S, Malek R, Akhter S, Sattar S, Sarkar S. Relationship between HbA1c and Lipid Profile Seen in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending BIRDEM Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:91-95. [PMID: 30755556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading non-communicable diseases all over the world including Bangladesh. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of ≥6.5% has been included as a criterion for diagnosis of diabetes. Impaired lipid profile is commonly present in type 2 diabetes. Aim of the study was to investigate the association between serum lipid profile and blood glucose. And hypothesizing that early detection of lipid abnormalities and treatment can minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder and cerebrovascular calamity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This observational cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to June 2016. A total 105 patients with T2DM of age within the range of 30-45 years were selected for the purpose. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated. Test of significance was calculated by unpaired Student's 't' test. Correlation studies (Pearson's correlation) were performed between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipid profile. Significance was set at p<0.05. Significantly higher mean serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C and significantly lower mean serum levels of HDL-C were noted in patients with diabetes. Significant correlations were observed between HbA1c value and serum levels of TC, TG and HDL-C (p<0.05) but no significant correlation of HbA1c value with LDL-C in-diabetes patient. The study concluded that HbA1c value correlate well with lipid profile in-diabetes patients. So, HbA1c can be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Begum
- Dr Afsana Begum, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Mugda Medical College (MuMC), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Hasan O, Fahad S, Sattar S, Umer M, Rashid H. Ankle Arthrodesis using Ilizarov Ring Fixator: A Primary or Salvage Procedure? An Analysis of Twenty Cases. Malays Orthop J 2018; 12:24-30. [PMID: 30555643 PMCID: PMC6287131 DOI: 10.5704/moj.1811.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov technique provides high union rate with the added benefits of early weight-bearing, and the unique advantage of its ability to promote regeneration of soft tissue around the bone, including skin, muscle and neuro-vascular structures, and its versatility to allow correction of the position of the foot by adjusting the frame post-operatively as needed. We describe our experience with this technique and the functional outcomes in our patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 20 ankle fusion cases using the Ilizarov method between the years 2007 and 2017. We defined success in treatment by loss of preoperative symptoms and radiological union on plain radiographs of the ankle. Results: Fusion was achieved in all patients (100%). Immediate post-operative ambulation was with full weight bearing (FWB) in 16 (83%) of the participants and non-weight bearing (NWB) in 3 patients (17%). Post-procedure 11 patients (67%) of the participants who were full weight bearing required some form of support for walking for 2-3 weeks. Post-operatively three patients had pin tract infection requiring intravenous antibiotics. Radiological union took range of 6-12 weeks, mean union time was 8 weeks. Only one patient required bone grafting due to bone loss. Average follow-up period was 10-45 months. Conclusion: The Ilizarov technique has a high union rate and leads to general favourable clinical outcome and may be considered for any ankle arthrodesis but is especially useful in complex cases such as for revisions, soft-tissue compromise, infection and in patients with risk for non-union. Early weight bearing is an extra benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hasan
- Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Fahad
- Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Sattar
- Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Umer
- Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Rashid
- Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sattar S, Quddus R, Saha SK. Pattern of Self-Medication Practices among Rural Population of Mymensingh. Mymensingh Med J 2018; 27:843-850. [PMID: 30487503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-medication is widely practiced in both developed and developing countries and an age old practice. Inappropriate self-medication results in increases resistance of pathogens, wastage of resources and serious health hazards. Present study was conducted to determine the pattern of self-medication practices among rural population. This cross-sectional study was carried out at community pharmacies in a rural area of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh from January 2017 to June 2017. Self-medication data were collected from well stocked licensed retail pharmacies and 20 pharmacies were randomly selected as the study site. Considering the prevalence of self-medication practices of 73.6% and relative precision of 10%, the calculated sample size was 138. The data was collected by conducting the interview with participants when they exited from the pharmacy. All data were coded, entered and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences program version 20 (Chicago IL, USA). Descriptive analysis was employed for statistical evaluation of results. The practice of self medication was more common among age group 30-40 years (31.9%) and most of them were male (60.9%), married (54.3%), farmer (44.9%) and illiterate (42.8%). Family, friends or neighbors were the main source of information for self-medication (65.9%) and common ailments warranting self-medication were headache (52.9%), gastric pain (39.1%), respiratory problem & asthma (34.1%) and fever (30.4%). Multivitamins (76.8%), NSAIDs (65.9%), ranitidine (50.7%), antibiotics (50%), paracetamol (46.4%) and anti-allergic (39.1%) were most commonly used drugs. Over 35% of the participants who treated themselves reported improvement in their condition. Rising prevalence of self-medication is a matter of serious concern. Health education to people regarding responsible self-medication is necessary to prevent misuse and adverse effect of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- Dr Shamima Sattar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh
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Szumacher E, Sattar S, Neve M, Do K, Ayala A, Gray M, Lee J, Alibhai S, Puts M. Use of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Geriatric Screening for Older Adults in the Radiation Oncology Setting: A Systematic Review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:578-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sana T, Siddiqui BS, Shahzad S, Farooq AD, Siddiqui F, Sattar S, Begum S. Antiproliferative Activity and Characterization of Metabolites of Aspergillus nidulans: An Endophytic Fungus from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Against Three Human Cancer Cell Lines. Med Chem 2018; 15:352-359. [PMID: 30152287 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180828124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi are receiving attention as sources of structurally novel bioactive secondary metabolites towards drug discovery from natural products. This study reports the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans, associated with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., a plant which has a traditional use to cure many ailments including cancer. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the metabolites of A. nidulans from N. arbor-tristis on three human cancer cell lines, lung (NCI-H460), breast (MCF-7) and uterine cervix (HeLa), and carry out their characterization. METHODS The extracts of the endophytic fungus cultured on potato dextrose agar were subjected to various chromatographic techniques. Structures of pure compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. The non-polar constituents were analyzed by GC-MS. Antiproliferative activity was determined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. RESULTS The extracts and fractions showed moderate to good growth inhibition of the aforementioned human cancer cell lines. The broth extract was most potent (IC50 = 10 ± 3.1 μg/mL and LC50= 95 ± 3.9) against HeLa whereas petroleum ether insoluble fraction of mycelium was most active against NCI-H460 and MCF-7 (IC50 = 10 ± 2.1 µg/mL and 18 ± 3.1 µg/mL respectively). GC-MS led to identify 12 compounds in mycelium and 19 compounds in broth. Four pure compounds were isolated and characterized one compound 5, 10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid (1) from broth and three 1-hydroxy-3-methylxanthone (2), ergosterol (3) and sterigmatocystin (4) from mycelium. 1 has not been reported earlier as a plant/fungal metabolite while 2-4 are new from this source. Sterigmatocystin exhibited growth inhibitory effect (IC50 = 50 ± 2.5 µM/mL) against only MCF-7 cell line whereas other compounds had IC50 > 100. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the cytotoxicity of mycelium and broth constituents of endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is reported for the first time. The study shows that fungus Aspergillus nidulans from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is capable of producing biologically active natural compounds and provides a scientific rationale for further chemical investigations of endophyte-producing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talea Sana
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Bina S Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Shahzad
- Department of Agriculture & Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahsana D Farooq
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Faheema Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Samia Sattar
- Department of Agriculture & Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Puts M, Hsu T, Szumacher E, Sattar S, Toubasi S, Rosario C, Brain E, Duggleby W, Mariano C, Mohile S, Muss H, Trudeau M, Wan-Chow-Wah D, Wong C, Alibhai S. Meeting the Needs of the Aging Population: The Canadian Network on Aging and Cancer—Report on the First Network Meeting, 27 April 2016. Curr Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of the Canadian population represents the major risk factor for a projected increase in cancer incidence in the coming decades. However, the evidence base to guide management of older adults with cancer remains extremely limited. It is thus imperative that we develop a national research agenda and establish a national collaborative network to devise joint studies that will help to accelerate the development of high-quality research, education, and clinical care and thus better address the needs of older Canadians with cancer. To begin this process, the inaugural meeting of the Canadian Network on Aging and Cancer was held in Toronto, 27 April 2016. The meeting was attended by 51 invited researchers and clinicians from across Canada, as well as by international leaders in geriatric oncology from the United States and France. The objectives of the meeting were to (1) review the present landscape of education, clinical care, and research in the area of cancer and aging in Canada; (2) identify issues of high research priority in Canada within the field of cancer and aging; (3) identify current barriers to geriatric oncology research in Canada and develop potential solutions; (4) develop a Canadian collaborative multidisciplinary research network between investigators to improve health outcomes for older adults with cancer; (5) learn from successful international efforts to stimulate the geriatric oncology research agenda in Canada. In the present report, we describe the education, clinical care, and research priorities that were identified at the meeting.
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Sattar S, Van Schalkwyk C, Claassens M, Dunbar R, Floyd S, Enarson DA, Godfrey-Faussett P, Ayles H, Beyers N. Symptom reporting among prevalent tuberculosis cases who smoke, are HIV-positive or have hyperglycaemia. Public Health Action 2014; 4:222-5. [PMID: 26400700 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from a tuberculosis (TB) prevalence survey conducted in 24 communities in Zambia and the Western Cape, South Africa, January-December 2010, were analysed to determine the influence of smoking, hyperglycaemia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on TB symptom reporting in culture-confirmed TB cases. Of 123 790 adults eligible for enrolment, 90 601 (73%) consented and 64 463 had evaluable sputum samples. ORs and 95%CIs were calculated using a robust standard errors logistic regression model adjusting for clustering at community level. HIV-positive TB cases were more likely to report cough, weight loss, night sweats and chest pain than non-HIV-positive TB cases. TB cases who smoked or had hyperglycaemia did not report symptoms differently from cases without these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Van Schalkwyk
- South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Claassens
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Dunbar
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Floyd
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - D A Enarson
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - H Ayles
- ZAMBART Project, University of Zambia Ridgeway Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - N Beyers
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sattar S, Saha SK, Parveen F, Banu LA, Momen A, Ahmed AU, Quddush MR, Karim MM, Begum SA, Haque MA, Hoque MR. Intermittent prophylaxis of recurrent febrile seizures with clobazam versus diazepam. Mymensingh Med J 2014; 23:676-685. [PMID: 25481585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure among children that can be prevented by using prophylactic drugs like Clobazam and Diazepam. The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and Community Based Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of 1 year from July 2012 to June 2013 to compare the effectiveness of intermittent Clobazam versus Diazepam therapy in preventing the recurrence of febrile seizures and assessed adverse effects of each drug. A total of 65 patients (32 children administered Clobazam and rest 33 children received Diazepam) of simple and complex febrile seizures aged 6 months to 5 years of both sexes were the study population. Data were collected by interview of the patients, clinical examination and laboratory investigations using the research instrument. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square (χ2) Test, Student's 't' Test and Fisher's Exact Test. For all analytical tests, the level of significance was set at 0.05 and p<0.05 was considered significant. The proportion of patients was higher between age 12-36 months and male was predominant in the both Clobazam and Diazepam groups. Over 31% of patients in Clobazam group who experienced episode of fever within 3 months, 40.6% within 6 months and 9.4% within 9 months compared to 36.4% in Diazepam group within 3 months, 45.5% within 6 months & 12.1% within 9 months after discharge from the hospital. Three (9.4%) patients in Clobazam group and 7(21.3%) in Diazepam group who experienced febrile convulsion during the follow up period. From the data adverse effects within 3 and 6 months experienced by the patient's drowsiness, sedation and ataxia were higher in Diazepam group than those in Clobazam group. However, within 9 months lethargy and irritability were somewhat higher in Clobazam group than those in Diazepam group. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher in Diazepam group compared to Clobazam group (6.0±1.0 vs. 4.6±0.08 days, P<0.001). Seven (21.2%) out of 33 children with febrile seizures in Diazepam group had a history of recurrent seizures, whereas 3(9.4%) of 32 children in the Clobazam group. The risks of recurrent febrile seizure in the Diazepam group was 2.6 times greater compared to those in the Clobazam group (P=0.186). The result indicates that Clobazam is safe, efficacious, requires less frequent dosing and has less adverse effects such as drowsiness, sedation, ataxia and irritability as compared to Diazepam. So, Clobazam may be an alternative to Diazepam given intermittently for prevention of recurrent febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- Dr Shamima Sattar, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMCB), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Hanna RM, Marsh SE, Swistun D, Al-Gazali L, Zaki MS, Abdel-Salam GM, Al-Tawari A, Bastaki L, Kayserili H, Rajab A, Boglárka B, Dietrich RB, Dobyns WB, Truwit CL, Sattar S, Chuang NA, Sherr EH, Gleeson JG. Distinguishing 3 classes of corpus callosal abnormalities in consanguineous families. Neurology 2011; 76:373-82. [PMID: 21263138 PMCID: PMC3034417 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318208f492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to create a classification system for pediatric corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) based upon midline sagittal brain MRI. We used the term CCA for patients with structural variants of the corpus callosum, excluding patients with interhemispheric cyst variant or pure dysplasia without hypoplasia. Currently, no system exists for nonsyndromic forms of CCA, and attempts to create such a system have been hampered by highly variable morphology in patients with sporadic CCA. We reasoned that any useful strategy should classify affected family members within the same type, and that phenotypic variability should be minimized in patients with recessive disease. METHODS We focused recruitment toward multiplex consanguineous families, ascertained 30 patients from 19 consanguineous families, and analyzed clinical features together with brain imaging. RESULTS We identified 3 major CCA classes, including hypoplasia, hypoplasia with dysplasia, and complete agenesis. Affected individuals within a given multiplex family usually displayed the same variant of the class of abnormality and they always displayed the same class of abnormality within each family, or they displayed complete agenesis. The system was validated among a second cohort of 10 sporadic patients with CCA. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that complete agenesis may be a common end-phenotype, and implicate multiple overlapping pathways in the etiology of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Hanna
- Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
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Rotter M, Sattar S, Dharan S, Allegranzi B, Mathai E, Pittet D. Methods to evaluate the microbicidal activities of hand-rub and hand-wash agents. J Hosp Infect 2009; 73:191-9. [PMID: 19729223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro carrier tests, suspension tests, time-kill curves, and determinations of minimum inhibitory concentrations to evaluate the microbicidal activities of hand antiseptics provide only a preliminary indication of the antimicrobial spectrum and speed of action of a given formulation. Ex vivo testing with human or animal skin at human skin temperature and at contact times reflecting field conditions may give a better indication of a formulation's ability to tackle hand-transmitted pathogens. Field testing of hands for levels of skin microbiota before and after antisepsis may be easier to perform, but it is subject to many uncontrollable factors. Whereas randomised clinical trials may be the ultimate approach to assess the effectiveness of hand hygiene protocols and products in preventing microbial cross-transmission and, ultimately, infections, they can be prohibitively expensive, time-consuming, difficult to design, and therefore impractical. Hence, the primary emphasis should be on in vivo testing on human hands, using a well-designed protocol that closely simulates the recommended field use of the formulation, and possibly followed by clinical studies. The use of these method is the most likely to yield useful data on the potential of a formulation to interrupt the spread of pathogens transmitted by hands in healthcare settings. This review provides a critical assessment of the methods currently used to meet regulatory requirements for hand antiseptics in Europe and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rotter
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sattar S, Casillas A. A Case of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gill M, Atiq M, Sattar S, Beg M, Shah T. P.252 Short term treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin for HCV genotype 2 or 3 patients. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Khan AM, Faruque ASG, Hossain MS, Sattar S, Fuchs GJ, Salam MA. Plesiomonas shigelloides-associated diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children: a hospital-based surveillance study. J Trop Pediatr 2004; 50:354-6. [PMID: 15537721 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/50.6.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about clinical and epidemiological features of Plesiomonas shigelloides-associated diarrhoea in children. We reviewed hospital-based surveillance records of 38 children with diarrhoea having P. shigelloides as the only pathogen isolated from their faecal specimen. Of those 38 children, 29 (76 per cent) were below 2 years of age and 28 (74 per cent) were male. Thirty-two (84 per cent) children presented with watery diarrhoea and six (16 per cent) had dysenteric stools. Vomiting was a feature in 27 (71 per cent) children and clinically significant dehydration was observed in nine (23 per cent) children. Fever was present in three (8 per cent) children and five (13 per cent) had diarrhoea 14 days. Thirty-three (87 per cent) children were successfully treated with ORS alone and only five (13 per cent) required intravenous fluid in addition to ORS. Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated throughout the year. The findings may be of public health importance for creating awareness among physicians about the clinical profile and management strategy of P. shigelloides-associated diarrhoea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Khan
- Clinical Sciences Division, ICDDR, B: Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Gill ML, Atiq M, Sattar S, Khokhar N. Non-endoscopic parameters for the identification of esophageal varices in patients with chronic hepatitis. J PAK MED ASSOC 2004; 54:575-7. [PMID: 15623185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop non-invasive laboratory variables for the identification of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis at Digestive Disease Center, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with chronic viral hepatitis who presented to the Gastroenterology Division between July 2002 to July 2003 were enrolled in the study. All patients with a diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis who had platelet counts of 140,000, I.N.R of greater than 1.5 and portal vein (PV) diameter of 13 mm or greater were included in the study. All patients underwent endoscopy to see the presence of varices which were graded following the standard criteria RESULTS Of 140 patients, 100 (71%) were males and 40 (29%) females. Esophageal varices were present in 70% of the patients while 30% had no varices. CONCLUSION It was seen that using the standard criteria of a PV diameter 13 mm, I.N.R 1.5 and platelet counts 100,000 for the diagnosis of portal hypertension about 70% patients had endoscopic evidence of esophageal varices. As prophylactic beta blockers are recommended to reduce the chances of a bleed from esophageal varices therefore it is suggested that endoscopy should be done only in patients who fulfill the standard criteria of portal hypertension and those found to have varices should be put on beta blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gill
- Digestive Disease Center, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
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Rossi L, Pfützer RH, Parvin S, Ali L, Sattar S, Kahn AK, Gyr N, Whitcomb DC. SPINK1/PSTI mutations are associated with tropical pancreatitis in Bangladesh. A preliminary report. Pancreatology 2002; 1:242-5. [PMID: 12120202 DOI: 10.1159/000055818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Tropical pancreatitis (TP) refers to a severe type of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis that develops in children in tropical regions of Africa and southern Asia. Phenotypically TP is subdivided into fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) and tropical calcific pancreatitis without diabetes mellitus (TCP). Recently an association was identified between idiopathic pancreatitis in the USA and Europe and mutations in the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) gene (previously termed pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, PSTI). Our aim was to determine if either form of TP has a genetic basis. METHODS We studied 8 well-characterized patients from Bangladesh with FCPD, 4 with TCP and 4 controls without pancreatic disease. The entire SPINK1 gene was sequenced in these patients. RESULTS We detected two disease-associated SPINK1 mutations (N34S/IVS1 - 37T > C and IVS3 + 2T > C) in 6 of 8 patients from Bangladesh with FCPD but not in 4 patients with TCP (p < 0.03) or 4 controls (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SPINK1 mutations are associated with FCPD in Bangladesh. Since SPINK1 mutations in Europeans and North Americans are associated with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis that is phenotypically different from FCPD, we further conclude that mutated SPINK1 markedly increases the risk of developing a variety of pancreatic diseases possibly through a chronic elevation of active trypsin within the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rossi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
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Lyons RA, Djahanbakhch O, Mahmood T, Saridogan E, Sattar S, Sheaff MT, Naftalin AA, Chenoy R. Fallopian tube ciliary beat frequency in relation to the stage of menstrual cycle and anatomical site. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:584-8. [PMID: 11870107 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.3.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclical changes in ciliary structure and motion within the human Fallopian tube are well documented. Previous investigators have studied ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in relation to menstrual cycle and anatomical site, but with conflicting results. METHODS Using a technique that records variations in light intensity, we have studied the changes in CBF in relation to the menstrual cycle and anatomical site. Fallopian tubes were collected from 26 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions. Menstrual history, hormone profile and endometrial biopsy results were used to determine the stage of the cycle. Fourteen women were in the proliferative phase, and 12 women in the secretory phase. RESULTS Mean CBF for all subjects was 5.3 plus minus 0.2 Hz. There was no significant difference in CBF in relation to anatomical site. In the fimbrial region the ciliary beat was faster in the secretory (5.8 plus minus 0.3 Hz) as compared with the proliferative phase (4.9 plus minus 0.2 Hz), P < 0.02. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that this increase in fimbrial CBF may contribute to ovum retrieval and transport after ovulation. However, the reproductive significance of the changes in CBF in relation to the menstrual cycle needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lyons
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Bartholomew's and The Royal London Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
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Sattar S, Abbas B, Jones L, Saridogan E, Mahmood T, Mehta J, Djahanbakhch O. Comparison of the growth patterns and morphological characteristics of mechanically and enzymatically isolated fallopian tube epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 1999; 23:379-83. [PMID: 10579904 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.1999.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to compare the growth patterns and morphological characteristics of human fallopian tube epithelial cells isolated: (1) mechanically; and (2) enzymatically. Cells were cultured in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and antibiotics and their epithelial nature was established by immunocytochemistry for cytokeratins. Primary cultures were polygonal in shape with centrally located nuclei, irrespective of the isolation method. Cells isolated enzymatically exhibited a higher growth rate, but the survival rate was poor after more than 2-3 passages. Mechanical isolation gave a lower yield of cells, but had a higher survival rate when sub-cultured, even beyond 8 passages. Thus, mechanically isolated cells might be useful for longer term cultures, whereas enzymatically isolated cells are best only for short-term work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattar
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-Upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, U.K
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Sattar S, Abebe M. Assessment of the activity of an ethanol-containing hand gel against non-enveloped viruses using the fingerpad method. Am J Infect Control 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-6553(99)80092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chauret C, Springthorpe S, Sattar S. Fate of Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, and microbial indicators during wastewater treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion. Can J Microbiol 1999; 45:257-62. [PMID: 10408099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The extent of reduction in selected microorganisms was tested during both aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion of sludge at the wastewater treatment plant in Ottawa to compare the removal of two encysted pathogenic protozoa with that of microbial indicators. Samples collected included the raw wastewater, the primary effluent, the treated wastewater, the mixed sludge, the decanted liquor, and the cake. All of the raw sewage samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts, as well as for the other microorganisms tested. During aerobic wastewater treatment (excluding the anaerobic sludge digestion), Cryptosporidium and Giardia were reduced by 2.96 log10 and 1.40 log10, respectively. Clostridium perfringens spores, Clostridium perfringens total counts, somatic coliphages, and heterotrophic bacteria were reduced by approximately 0.89 log10, 0.96 log10, 1.58 log10, and 2.02 log10, respectively. All of the other microorganisms were reduced by at least 3.53 log10. Sludge samples from the plant were found to contain variable densities of microorganisms. Variability in microbial concentrations was sometimes great between samples, stressing the importance of collecting a large number of samples over a long period of time. In all cases, the bacterial concentrations in the cake (dewatered biosolids) samples were high even if reductions in numbers were observed with some bacteria. During anaerobic sludge digestion, no statistically significant reduction was observed for Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus sp., Cryptosporidium oocysts, and Giardia cysts. A 1-2 log10 reduction was observed with fecal coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria. However, the method utilized to detect the protozoan parasites does not differentiate between viable and nonviable organisms. On the other hand, total coliforms and somatic coliphages were reduced by 0.35 log10 and 0.09 log10, respectively. These results demonstrate the relative persistence of the protozoa in sewage sludge during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chauret
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Khan LA, Alam AM, Ali L, Goswami A, Hassan Z, Sattar S, Banik NG, Khan AK. Serum and urinary magnesium in young diabetic subjects in Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:70-3. [PMID: 9925125 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium imbalance, implicated in diabetes mellitus both as a cause and a consequence, has not yet been investigated in subgroups of subjects with malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus. which is prevalent in young patients in tropical developing countries such as Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the serum and urinary magnesium concentrations in groups of young diabetic subjects in Bangladesh. DESIGN Forty patients newly diagnosed with diabetes [13 with fibrocalculus pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), 13 with protein-deficient diabetes (PDDM), and 14 with type 2 diabetes mellitus] were studied along with 13 healthy control and 13 malnourished control subjects [body mass index (in kg/m2) < 19]. Magnesium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS Malnutrition itself was not related to the serum glucose (fasting: 3.68+/-0.74 and 4.11+/-0.29 mmol/L; postprandial: 6.30+/-0.41 and 6.00+/-0.24 mmol/L for healthy and malnourished control subjects, respectively) or serum or urinary magnesium (serum: 0.73+/-0.03 and 0.75+/-0.05 mmol/L: urinary: 232+/-124 and 243+/-88 mmol Mg/mol creatinine for healthy and malnourished control subjects, respectively) concentration. Subjects with FCPD and PDDM had significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations (PDDM: 0.68+/-0.06 mmol/L, FCPD: 0.66+/-0.07 mmol/L) than those in both control groups. In contrast with 0% of healthy and 7.7% of malnourished control subjects, 42.85% of type 2 diabetic subjects, 61.54% of those with PDDM, and 69.23% of those with FCPD were hypomagnesemic. Subjects with FCPD and PDDM had significantly higher urinary excretion of magnesium than the healthy and malnourished control subjects and the type 2 diabetic subjects. Hypermagnesuria paralleled hypomagnesemia. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition may not itself give rise to glucose intolerance, and serum magnesium deficiency seems to be a consequence rather than a cause of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Khan
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka
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Chauret C, Nolan K, Chen P, Springthorpe S, Sattar S. Aging of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river water and their susceptibility to disinfection by chlorine and monochloramine. Can J Microbiol 1998; 44:1154-60. [PMID: 10383227 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-44-12-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were aged in waters from both the St. Lawrence River and the Ottawa River. In situ survival experiments were carried out by incubating the oocysts in either dialysis cassettes or microtubes floated into an overflow tank. A significant portion of the oocysts survived in the test waters for several weeks. Oocyst survival in the St. Lawrence River was better in membrane-filtered (0.2 microm-pore diameter) water than in unfiltered water, suggesting that biological antagonism may play a role in the environmental fate of the parasite. Oocysts aged in river waters under in situ conditions and control oocysts kept refrigerated in synthetic water (100 ppm as CaCO3); pH 7.0) were subjected to the same disinfection protocol. Aged oocysts were at least as resistant as, if not more resistant than, the control oocysts to disinfection. This indicates that the oocysts surviving in the water environment may be just as difficult to inactivate by potable water disinfection as freshly shed oocysts. Therefore, water treatment should not be based on the assumption that environmental oocysts may be more easily inactivated than freshly shed oocysts. First-order kinetics die-off rates varied from one river to another (from 0.013 to 0.039 log(10).day(-1)) and from one experiment to another with water from the same river collected at different times. Calculation of the die-off rates based on either in vitro excystation or in vitro excystation in combination with total counts (overall die-off rates) showed that the assessment of oocyst viability by microscopic methods must account for the total oocyst loss observed during long-term inactivation assays of river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chauret
- Biological and Physical Sciences Unit, Indiana University Kokomo, IN 46904-9003, USA.
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Rossi L, Whitcomb DC, Ehrlich GD, Gorry MC, Parvin S, Sattar S, Ali L, Azad Khan AK, Gyr N. Lack of R117H mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene in patients with tropical pancreatitis from Bangladesh. Pancreas 1998; 17:278-80. [PMID: 9788542 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199810000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, occurring in tropical regions, is unknown. Although environmental factors may play a role in its pathogenesis, a specific genetic predisposition may be necessary. The genetic mutation responsible for hereditary pancreatitis was described recently. Unlike in patients with hereditary pancreatitis, we found a lack of the R117H mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene in all patients with tropical pancreatitis from Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rossi
- Research Division, Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka
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Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are common skin lesions generally recognized by characteristic features. Several varieties are described, a few of which are atypical and rarely affects the hand. The authors present a case consistent with basal cell carcinoma, occurring in a 64-year-old white male, who developed swelling of the distal phalanx of the right middle finger over a period of approximately 5 years. On review of the literature regarding basal cell carcinomas, the authors found only 12 cases of BCC on the digits of the hand or foot, all of which were either periungual or subungual. Usually located in the skin of the head and face, this locally destructive neoplasm is rare for the volar surface of the finger. Metastases does not often occur with a BCC and prognosis for this tumor is excellent with total resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bhagchandani
- Department of Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan
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Matin MA, Sattar S, Husain K. The role of adrenals in diazinon-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism in rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1990; 41:347-56. [PMID: 2092650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rats with diazinon (40 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in hyperglycaemia and depletion of glycogen from the brain and peripheral tissues two hours after administration. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly higher in the brain and liver; that of glucose-6-phosphatase was not altered. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased only in the brain. The cholinesterase activity in the brain was reduced by treatment with diazinon. The activities of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were significantly increased. The lactate level was increased in the brain and blood, whereas that of pyruvate was not changed. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not changed to any major extent. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of adrenals were depleted in diazinon-treated animals. The changes were pronounced after intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg diazinon, they were slight but significant after 20 mg/kg, and absent after 10 mg/kg. Hyperglycaemia and changes in carbohydrate metabolism were abolished by adrenalectomy suggesting possible involvement of adrenals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Matin
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, U.P., India
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Abstract
The neurochemical changes induced by malathion, an organophosphate compound, were determined in rats. Maximal changes were found in the brain 2 h after the administration of malathion in a dose of 500 mg/kg ip. The activities of cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase were reduced whereas those of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, and hexokinase were increased; the lactate content of brain was also increase. In malathion treated adrenalectomized animals, changes in the activities of cerebral cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase were still present; other changes were, however, abolished by adrenalectomy. Activities of certain enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase were not significantly altered by malathion in normal or adrenalectomized animals. The results indicate that cerebral cholinergic mechanism in malathion treated animals was not modified by adrenalectomy which, however, abolished or reduced changes in the activities of certain glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes that are involved in the utilization or metabolism of glucose. The brain lactate content in malathion treated adrenalectomized animals was, also, not significantly different from the control values, suggesting that modification of induced changes by adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Matin
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Treatment with diazinon resulted in hyperglycaemia and depletion of glycogen from cerebral and peripheral tissues 2 h after its administration in rats; the changes were maximal after 40 mg/kg diazinon, administered intraperitoneally. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly increased in brain and liver, while that of glucose-6-phosphatase was not altered. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased only in brain. The cholinesterase activity of the brain was reduced by treatment with diazinon. The activities of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes (fructose 1,6 diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) were also significantly increased in diazinon-treated animals. The level of lactate was increased in brain and blood while that of pyruvate was not changed. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not significantly changed. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of adrenals were depleted in diazinon-treated animals. Adrenalectomy abolished the hyperglycaemia and changes in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting the possible involvement of adrenals in the induced changes in diazinon-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Matin
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India
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Matin MA, Sattar S, Khan SN, Husain K. Distribution of neurotoxic esterase in certain brain regions of laboratory animals. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1989; 33:107-9. [PMID: 2777358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Certain organophosphorous compounds caused the inhibition of 'neurotoxic esterase' present in central nervous system. The role of this enzyme is different from that of cholinesterase. The level of neurotoxic esterase in brain, corpus striatum and spinal cord of rats, mice, guineapigs and hens was measured. Maximum level of the enzyme was found in hens, followed by guineapigs, rats and mice in the order. The concentration of the enzyme was higher in corpus striatum greater than whole brain greater than spinal cord. The determination of the normal level of neurotoxic esterase may be useful in monitoring the exposure to organophosphorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Matin
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow
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Sattar S, Ghosal B, Underwood M, Mertwoy H, Saltzberg M, Frydrych W, Rohrer G, Farrington G. Synthesis of di- and trivalent β″-aluminas by ion exchange. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(86)90058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The role of chlorinated primary effluents in viral pollution of the Ottawa River (Ontario) was assessed by examining 282 field samples of wastewaters from two different sewage treatment plants over a 2-year period. The talc-Celite technique was used for sample concentration, and BS-C-1 cells were employed for virus detection. Viruses were detected in 80% (75/94) of raw sewage, 72% (68/94) of primary effluent, and 56% (53/94) of chlorinated effluent samples. Both raw sewage and primary effluent samples contained about 100 viral infective units (VIU) per 100 ml. Chlorination produced a 10- to 50-fold reduction in VIU and gave nearly 2.7 VIU/100 ml of chlorinated primary effluent. With a combined daily chlorinated primary effluent output of approximately 3.7 x 10(8) liters, these two plants were discharging 1.0 x 10(10) VIU per day. Because the river has a mean annual flow of 8.0 x 10(10) liters per day, these two sources alone produced a virus loading of 1.0 VIU/8 liters of the river water. This river also receives at least 9.0 x 10(7) liters of raw sewage per day and undetermined but substantial amounts of storm waters and agricultural wastes. It is used for recreation and acts as a source of potable water for some 6.0 x 10(5) people. In view of the potential of water for disease transmission, discharge of such wastes into the water environment needs to be minimized.
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