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Sigurdsson S, Bohman E, Träisk F, Arnljots U. Glucocorticoids in the treatment of non-infectious superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis - Three cases and a review of the literature. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 34:102027. [PMID: 38516054 PMCID: PMC10955203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT) is a rare clinical entity, which can have a septic and an aseptic cause. Aseptic SOVT is typically treated with anticoagulation. Glucocorticoids are reserved for cases with concurrent orbital inflammation.We present three cases of SOVT due to carotid cavernous fistula not responding to standard treatment, subsequently successfully treated with glucocorticoids. Observations Three patients with various degrees of proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, orbital stasis and reduced vision are presented. One patient was confirmed to have isolated SOVT, while the other two had associated cavernous sinus thrombosis. All patients had underlying carotid-cavernous fistula without signs of infection. All patients were initially treated with parenteral anticoagulation. Two patients were treated with intraocular pressure-reducing medication. One of whom underwent canthotomy-cantholysis. Two patients experienced a gradual worsening of symptoms during treatment with anticoagulation, while one patient improved before deteriorating. All patients received additional treatment with glucocorticoids consisting of a three-day treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg, followed by oral glucocorticoids resulting in total regression of symptoms. Two patients regained 20/20 vision, with some vision field defects, while the third patient regained 20/25 vision. Conclusion and importance The addition of glucocorticoids in the treatment of aseptic SOVT can lead to improvement of symptoms and a potentially better prognosis. However, the risk of complications of glucocorticoid treatment must be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elin Bohman
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Träisk
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urszula Arnljots
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Auðunsson AB, Elíasson GJ, Steingrímsson E, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson S, Launer L, Gudnason V, Jonsson H. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in elderly Icelanders and its association with the metabolic syndrome: the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 50:314-318. [PMID: 33682605 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1846779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in a large population-based study of elderly Icelanders, with particular reference to weight-related factors and the metabolic syndrome.Method: The study population comprised 5321 participants aged 68-96 years (2276 males, mean ± sd age 76 ± 5 , and 3045 females, age 77 ± 6) from the AGES-Reykjavik Study. DISH diagnosis was based on computed tomography (CT) scans, and interpreted strictly by the Resnick criteria and additional suggestions for CT interpretation by Oudkerk et al. Radiology readings were taken by a radiology resident and sample readings by two experienced radiologists.Results: A diagnosis of DISH was made in 13.7% of males and 2.8% of females. There was no association with age, but a strong association was seen with the metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-2.64, p = 3.9 × 10-11]. Among the components of the metabolic syndrome, the association with DISH was significant for the insulin resistance criterion (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.32-2.01, p < 0.001) and the body mass index (BMI) criterion (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.70-2.74, p < 0.001). Other weight-related variables (midlife BMI, weight, and abdominal circumference) showed similar associations.Conclusions: This study, which to our knowledge is the largest published study on the prevalence of DISH, shows an association with the metabolic syndrome, particularly with the insulin resistance and BMI criteria. This is analogous with previous reports linking DISH with metabolic causes. In this age category, we did not observe any increase in prevalence with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Auðunsson
- Department of Radiology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - G J Elíasson
- Department of Radiology, Domus Medica, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - T Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - L Launer
- National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - H Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Rheumatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
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3
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Johannesdottir F, Allaire B, Kopperdahl DL, Keaveny TM, Sigurdsson S, Bredella MA, Anderson DE, Samelson EJ, Kiel DP, Gudnason VG, Bouxsein ML. Bone density and strength from thoracic and lumbar CT scans both predict incident vertebral fractures independently of fracture location. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:261-269. [PMID: 32748310 PMCID: PMC8265597 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a population-based study, we found that computed tomography (CT)-based bone density and strength measures from the thoracic spine predicted new vertebral fracture as well as measures from the lumbar spine, suggesting that CT scans at either the thorax or abdominal regions are useful to assess vertebral fracture risk. INTRODUCTION Prior studies have shown that computed tomography (CT)-based lumbar bone density and strength measurements predict incident vertebral fracture. This study investigated whether CT-based bone density and strength measurements from the thoracic spine predict incident vertebral fracture and compared the performance of thoracic and lumbar bone measurements to predict incident vertebral fracture. METHODS This case-control study of community-based men and women (age 74.6 ± 6.6) included 135 cases with incident vertebral fracture at any level and 266 age- and sex-matched controls. We used baseline CT scans to measure integral and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and vertebral strength (via finite element analysis, FEA) at the T8 and L2 levels. Association between these measurements and vertebral fracture was determined by using conditional logistic regression. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting incident vertebral fracture were determined for lumbar spine and thoracic bone measurements. RESULTS Bone measurements from T8 and L2 predicted incident vertebral fracture equally well, regardless of fracture location. Specifically, for predicting vertebral fracture at any level, the odds ratio (per 1-SD decrease) for the vBMD and strength measurements at L2 and T8 ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 (p < 0.0001) and 1.8 to 2.8 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Results were similar when predicting fracture only in the thoracic versus the thoracolumbar spine. Lumbar and thoracic spine bone measurements had similar sensitivity and specificity for predicting incident vertebral fracture. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that like those from the lumbar spine, CT-based bone density and strength measurements from the thoracic spine may be useful for identifying individuals at high risk for vertebral fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Johannesdottir
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, RN115, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - B Allaire
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, RN115, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - T M Keaveny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - M A Bredella
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D E Anderson
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, RN115, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E J Samelson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D P Kiel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V G Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, RN115, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Sigurdsson S, Eythorsson E, Erlendsdóttir H, Hrafnkelsson B, Kristinsson KG, Haraldsson Á. Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on hospital admissions in children under three years of age in Iceland. Vaccine 2020; 38:2707-2714. [PMID: 32063434 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pneumococcus is an important respiratory pathogen. The 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD-CV) was introduced into the Icelandic vaccination programme in 2011. The aim was to estimate the impact of PHiD-CV on paediatric hospitalisations for respiratory tract infections and invasive disease. METHODS The 2005-2015 birth-cohorts were followed until three years of age and hospitalisations were recorded for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia and otitis media. Hospitalisations for upper- and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI, LRTI) were used as comparators. The 2005-2010 birth-cohorts were defined as vaccine non-eligible cohorts (VNEC) and 2011-2015 birth-cohorts as vaccine eligible cohorts (VEC). Incidence rates (IR) were estimated for diagnoses, birth-cohorts and age groups, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) between VNEC and VEC were calculated assuming Poisson variance. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of hospitalisation between VNEC and VEC. RESULTS 51,264 children were followed for 142,315 person-years, accumulating 1,703 hospitalisations for the respective study diagnoses. Hospitalisations for pneumonia decreased by 20% (HR 0.80, 95%CI:0.67-0.95) despite a 32% increase in admissions for LRTI (HR 1.32, 95%CI:1.14-1.53). Hospital admissions for culture-confirmed IPD decreased by 93% (HR 0.07, 95%CI:0.01-0.50) and no hospitalisations for IPD with vaccine-type pneumococci were observed in the VEC. Hospitalisations for meningitis and sepsis did not change. A decrease in hospital admissions for otitis media was observed, but did not coincide with PHiD-CV introduction. CONCLUSION Following the introduction of PHiD-CV in Iceland, hospitalisations for pneumonia and culture confirmed IPD decreased. Admissions for other LRTIs and URTIs increased during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga Erlendsdóttir
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Iceland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspítali University Hospital, Iceland
| | | | - Karl G Kristinsson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Iceland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspítali University Hospital, Iceland
| | - Ásgeir Haraldsson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Iceland; Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Iceland.
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5
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Turmezei TD, Treece GM, Gee AH, Sigurdsson S, Jonsson H, Aspelund T, Gudnason V, Poole KES. Quantitative 3D imaging parameters improve prediction of hip osteoarthritis outcome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4127. [PMID: 32139721 PMCID: PMC7058047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is an increasingly important health problem for which the main treatment remains joint replacement. Therapy developments have been hampered by a lack of biomarkers that can reliably predict disease, while 2D radiographs interpreted by human observers are still the gold standard for clinical trial imaging assessment. We propose a 3D approach using computed tomography—a fast, readily available clinical technique—that can be applied in the assessment of osteoarthritis using a new quantitative 3D analysis technique called joint space mapping (JSM). We demonstrate the application of JSM at the hip in 263 healthy older adults from the AGES-Reykjavík cohort, examining relationships between 3D joint space width, 3D joint shape, and future joint replacement. Using JSM, statistical shape modelling, and statistical parametric mapping, we show an 18% improvement in prediction of joint replacement using 3D metrics combined with radiographic Kellgren & Lawrence grade (AUC 0.86) over the existing 2D FDA-approved gold standard of minimum 2D joint space width (AUC 0.73). We also show that assessment of joint asymmetry can reveal significant differences between individuals destined for joint replacement versus controls at regions of the joint that are not captured by radiographs. This technique is immediately implementable with standard imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Turmezei
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
| | - G M Treece
- Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
| | - A H Gee
- Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - H Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Aspelund
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - V Gudnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K E S Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Eythorsson E, Sigurdsson S, Erlendsdóttir H, Hrafnkelsson B, Kristinsson KG, Haraldsson Á. Increase in tympanostomy tube placements despite pneumococcal vaccination, a population-based study. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1527-1534. [PMID: 30667099 PMCID: PMC6767502 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to estimate the impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD-CV) on tympanostomy tube placements (TTP) in children under five years of age in Iceland. METHODS This population-based observational cohort study followed 11 consecutive birth-cohorts 2005-2015 from birth until their fifth birthday. Population registries were merged using national identification numbers. The risk of TTP was compared between birth-cohorts adjusted for the number of previous otitis media diagnoses and antimicrobial prescriptions. A Cox regression model was applied and the hazard ratio (HR) of TTP was estimated between each birth-cohort and the last vaccine non-eligible birth-cohort. The vaccine impact of PHiD-CV10 on TTP was estimated as 1-HR ×100%. RESULTS In total, 51 247 children were followed for 210 724 person-years, of which 14 351 underwent 20 373 procedures. The estimated vaccine impact on TTP was -6% (95% CI -16% to 2.7%). Children in the vaccine-eligible cohorts had fewer previous otitis media diagnoses and had been prescribed fewer antimicrobials prior to the procedure than children in the vaccine non-eligible cohorts. CONCLUSION Despite high uptake of PHiD-CV10, tympanostomy procedures increased in Iceland during the study period. Vaccine-eligible children had milder disease prior to the procedure. The reason underlying these findings are speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helga Erlendsdóttir
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Landspítali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
| | | | - Karl G. Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Landspítali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Ásgeir Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
- Children's Hospital Iceland Landspítali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
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7
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Enns-Bray WS, Bahaloo H, Fleps I, Pauchard Y, Taghizadeh E, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Büchler P, Harris T, Gudnason V, Ferguson SJ, Pálsson H, Helgason B. Biofidelic finite element models for accurately classifying hip fracture in a retrospective clinical study of elderly women from the AGES Reykjavik cohort. Bone 2019; 120:25-37. [PMID: 30240961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical retrospective studies have only reported limited improvements in hip fracture classification accuracy using finite element (FE) models compared to conventional areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurements. A possible explanation is that state-of-the-art quasi-static models do not estimate patient-specific loads. A novel FE modeling technique was developed to improve the biofidelity of simulated impact loading from sideways falling. This included surrogate models of the pelvis, lower extremities, and soft tissue that were morphed based on subject anthropometrics. Hip fracture prediction models based on aBMD and FE measurements were compared in a retrospective study of 254 elderly female subjects from the AGES-Reykjavik study. Subject fragility ratio (FR) was defined as the ratio between the ultimate forces of paired biofidelic models, one with linear elastic and the other with non-linear stress-strain relationships in the proximal femur. The expected end-point value (EEV) was defined as the FR weighted by the probability of one sideways fall over five years, based on self-reported fall frequency at baseline. The change in maximum volumetric strain (ΔMVS) on the surface of the femoral neck was calculated between time of ultimate femur force and 90% post-ultimate force in order to assess the extent of tensile tissue damage present in non-linear models. After age-adjusted logistic regression, the area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) was highest for ΔMVS (0.72), followed by FR (0.71), aBMD (0.70), and EEV (0.67), however the differences between FEA and aBMD based prediction models were not deemed statistically significant. When subjects with no history of falling were excluded from the analysis, thus artificially assuming that falls were known a priori with no uncertainty, a statistically significant difference in AUC was detected between ΔMVS (0.85), and aBMD (0.74). Multivariable linear regression suggested that the variance in maximum elastic femur force was best explained by femoral head radius, pelvis width, and soft tissue thickness (R2 = 0.79; RMSE = 0.46 kN; p < 0.005). Weighting the hip fracture prediction models based on self-reported fall frequency did not improve the models' sensitivity, however excluding non-fallers lead to significant differences between aBMD and FE based models. These findings suggest that an accurate assessment of fall probability is necessary for accurately identifying individuals predisposed to hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Enns-Bray
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Bahaloo
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I Fleps
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y Pauchard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - E Taghizadeh
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Sigurdsson
- The Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - T Aspelund
- The Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - P Büchler
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - S J Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Pálsson
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B Helgason
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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8
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Eythorsson E, Sigurdsson S, Hrafnkelsson B, Erlendsdóttir H, Haraldsson Á, Kristinsson KG. Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on antimicrobial prescriptions in young children: a whole population study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:505. [PMID: 30286726 PMCID: PMC6172799 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is a public-health threat and antimicrobial consumption is the main contributor. The ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV10) was introduced into the Icelandic vaccination program in 2011. The aim was to estimate the vaccine impact of PHiD-CV10 on outpatient antimicrobial prescriptions in children. Methods Eleven Icelandic birth-cohorts (2005–2015) were followed from birth until three years of age or to the end of the study period (December 31, 2016). Birth-cohorts were grouped as vaccine non-eligible (VNEC, 2005–2010) or vaccine eligible (VEC, 2011–2015). Data on primary care visits for respiratory infections and antimicrobial prescriptions were extracted from two national registers. Using national identification numbers, prescriptions were linked to physician visits if filled within three days of the visit. Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios between VNEC and VEC were calculated. An Andersen-Gill model was used to model the individual level data, accounting for repeated events and censoring. Vaccine impact was calculated as (1 – Hazard Ratio) × 100%. Results Included were 53,510 children who contributed 151,992 person-years of follow-up and filled 231,660 antimicrobial prescriptions. The incidence rate was significantly lower in the VEC compared to the VNEC, 144.5 and 157.2 prescriptions per 100 person-years respectively (IRR 0.92, 95%CI 0.91–0.93). Children in VEC were more likely to have filled zero (IRR 1.16 (95%CI 1.10–1.23) and 1–4 (IRR 1.08 95%CI 1.06–1.11) prescriptions compared to children in VNEC. The vaccine impact of PHiD-CV10 against all-cause antimicrobial prescriptions was 5.8% (95%CI 1.6–9.8%).When only considering acute otitis media-associated prescriptions, the vaccine impact was 21.8% (95%CI 11.5–30.9%). Conclusion The introduction of PHiD-CV10 lead to reduced antimicrobial use in children, mainly by reducing acute otitis media episodes. This intervention therefore reduces both disease burden and could slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3416-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Eythorsson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | | | - Helga Erlendsdóttir
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspítali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ásgeir Haraldsson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Karl G Kristinsson
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspítali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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9
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Sigurdsson S, Eythorsson E, Hrafnkelsson B, Erlendsdóttir H, Kristinsson KG, Haraldsson Á. Reduction in All-Cause Acute Otitis Media in Children <3 Years of Age in Primary Care Following Vaccination With 10-Valent Pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae Protein-D Conjugate Vaccine: A Whole-Population Study. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:1213-1219. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helga Erlendsdóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Reykjavík
| | - Karl G Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Reykjavík
| | - Ásgeir Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
- Children’s Hospital Iceland, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík
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10
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Marques EA, Gudnason V, Lang T, Sigurdsson G, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Siggeirsdottir K, Launer L, Eiriksdottir G, Harris TB. Association of bone turnover markers with volumetric bone loss, periosteal apposition, and fracture risk in older men and women: the AGES-Reykjavik longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3485-3494. [PMID: 27341810 PMCID: PMC5560053 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Association between serum bone formation and resorption markers and cortical and trabecular bone loss and the concurrent periosteal apposition in a population-based cohort of 1069 older adults was assessed. BTM levels moderately reflect the cellular events at the endosteal and periosteal surfaces but are not associated with fracture risk. INTRODUCTION We assessed whether circulating bone formation and resorption markers (BTM) were individual predictors for trabecular and cortical bone loss, periosteal expansion, and fracture risk in older adults aged 66 to 93 years from the AGES-Reykjavik study. METHODS The sample for the quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-derived cortical and trabecular BMD and periosteal expansion analysis consisted of 1069 participants (474 men and 595 women) who had complete baseline (2002 to 2006) and follow-up (2007 to 2011) hip QCT scans and serum baseline BTM. During the median follow-up of 11.7 years (range 5.4-12.5), 54 (11.4 %) men and 182 (30.6 %) women sustained at least one fracture of any type. RESULTS Increase in BTM levels was associated with faster cortical and trabecular bone loss at the femoral neck and proximal femur in men and women. Higher BTM levels were positively related with periosteal expansion rate at the femoral neck in men. Markers were not associated with fracture risk. CONCLUSION This data corroborates the notion from few previous studies that both envelopes are metabolically active and that BTM levels may moderately reflect the cellular events at the endosteal and periosteal surfaces. However, our results do not support the routine use of BTM to assess fracture risk in older men and women. In light of these findings, further studies are justified to examine whether systemic markers of bone turnover might prove useful in monitoring skeletal remodeling events and the effects of current osteoporosis drugs at the periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Marques
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Lang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G Sigurdsson
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitalinn University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Sigurdsson
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - T Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Siggeirsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - L Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Eiriksdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Stenke L, von Schreeb J, Simonsson M, Johansson J, Postgård P, Sigurdsson S, Ljungquist Å, Lagergren Lindberg M. Lessons Learnt from the Fukushima Accident-A Swedish Medical Preparedness Perspective. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 171:134-138. [PMID: 27574328 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The triple disaster in March 2011 tragically and severely affected the Japanese society, in spite of its well-developed infrastructure and good access to resources. A multitude of Japanese and international reports have since described the chain of events and actions taken in connection with the earthquake, the tsunami and the power plant failure in Fukushima. In order to further evaluate Japanese experiences of the disaster, and to bring home 'lessons-learnt' of relevance for continued emergency preparedness planning, a group from the National Board of Health and Welfare and other Swedish agencies performed an observer visit to Japan in 2012. A report from the group was recently published. Its main conclusions, and implications focusing on a strengthened national medical preparedness for radionuclear events in Sweden (and possibly elsewhere), are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stenke
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institute, Depts of Oncology/Pathology and Public Health Sciences, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J von Schreeb
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institute, Depts of Oncology/Pathology and Public Health Sciences, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Simonsson
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Johansson
- Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, SE-17116 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Postgård
- Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, SE-15181, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - S Sigurdsson
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å Ljungquist
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lagergren Lindberg
- Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institute, Depts of Oncology/Pathology and Public Health Sciences, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Burkov I, Treece G, Gee A, Turmezei T, Johannesdottir F, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Jόnsson H, Gudnason V, Poole K. OP0099 3d Cortical Bone Mapping of The Proximal Femur in A Large Prospective Population-Based Study Supports The Ganz Hypothesis of Hip Osteoarthritis Causation: The Ages-Reykjavik Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Taddei F, Falcinelli C, Balistreri L, Henys P, Baruffaldi F, Sigurdsson S, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Dietzel R, Armbrecht G, Boutroy S, Schileo E. Left-right differences in the proximal femur's strength of post-menopausal women: a multicentric finite element study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1519-1528. [PMID: 26576543 PMCID: PMC5908234 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The strength of both femurs was estimated in 198 post-menopausal women through subject-specific finite element models. Important random differences between contralateral femurs were found in a significant number of subjects, pointing to the usefulness of further studies to understand if strength-based classification of patients at risk of fracture can be affected by laterality issues. INTRODUCTION Significant, although small, differences exist in mineral density and anatomy of contralateral proximal femurs. These differences, and their combined effect, may result in a side difference in femurs' strength. However, this has never been tested on a large sample of a homogenous population. METHODS The strength of both femurs was estimated in 198 post-menopausal women through CT-derived finite element models, built using a validated procedure, in sideways fall conditions. The impact of the resulting asymmetry on the classification of subjects at risk of fracture was analysed. RESULTS The small difference observed between sides (the right femur on average 4 % stronger than the left) was statistically significant but mechanically negligible. In contrast, higher random differences (absolute difference between sides with respect to mean value) were found: on average close to 15 % (compared to 9.2 % for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) alone), with high scatter among the subjects. When using a threshold-based classification, the right and left femurs were discordant up to over 20 % of cases (K always lower than 0.60) but the left femur was concordant (mean K = 0.84) with the minimum strength between right and left. CONCLUSION Considering both femurs may be important when trying to classify subjects at risk of failure with strength estimates. Future studies including fracture assessment would be necessary to quantify the real impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Taddei
- Laboratorio di Bioingegneria Computazionale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - C Falcinelli
- Laboratorio di Bioingegneria Computazionale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Balistreri
- Laboratorio di Bioingegneria Computazionale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Henys
- Laboratorio di Bioingegneria Computazionale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - F Baruffaldi
- Laboratorio di Bioingegneria Computazionale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Dietzel
- Centre for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Armbrecht
- Centre for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Boutroy
- INSERM Research Unit 1033 and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - E Schileo
- Laboratorio di Bioingegneria Computazionale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Kristinsdottir L, Oskarsdottir E, Bjarnason T, Hafthorsson S, Arnardottir E, Sigurdsson S, Gudnason V, Olafsson I, Thorgeirsson G, Andersen K. Prediabetes and diabetes are not related to endothelial dysfunction among patients with unstable coronary syndromes. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sturlaugsdottir R, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson S, Thorsson B, Bjornsdottir G, Gudnason V. Cardiovascular risk factors association with total plaque area and progression in a general population: The refine-reykjavik study. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wright JT, Griffith RL, Sigurdsson S, Povich MS, Mullan B. THE Ĝ INFRARED SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL CIVILIZATIONS WITH LARGE ENERGY SUPPLIES. II. FRAMEWORK, STRATEGY, AND FIRST RESULT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wright JT, Mullan B, Sigurdsson S, Povich MS. THE Ĝ INFRARED SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL CIVILIZATIONS WITH LARGE ENERGY SUPPLIES. I. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Van Sloten T, Mitchell G, Sigurdsson S, Van Buchem M, Jonsson P, Garcia M, Harris T, Henry R, Levey A, Stehouwer C, Gudnason V, Launer L. P4.8 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND THIS ASSOCIATION IS PARTLY MEDIATED BY CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE: THE AGES-REYKJAVIK STUDY. Artery Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2014.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Keyak JH, Sigurdsson S, Karlsdottir GS, Oskarsdottir D, Sigmarsdottir A, Kornak J, Harris TB, Sigurdsson G, Jonsson BY, Siggeirsdottir K, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Lang TF. Effect of finite element model loading condition on fracture risk assessment in men and women: the AGES-Reykjavik study. Bone 2013; 57:18-29. [PMID: 23907032 PMCID: PMC3786229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Proximal femoral (hip) strength computed by subject-specific CT scan-based finite element (FE) models has been explored as an improved measure for identifying subjects at risk of hip fracture. However, to our knowledge, no published study has reported the effect of loading condition on the association between incident hip fracture and hip strength. In the present study, we performed a nested age- and sex-matched case-control study in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES) Reykjavik cohort. Baseline (pre-fracture) quantitative CT (QCT) scans of 5500 older male and female subjects were obtained. During 4-7years follow-up, 51 men and 77 women sustained hip fractures. Ninety-seven men and 152 women were randomly selected as controls from a pool of age- and sex-matched subjects. From the QCT data, FE models employing nonlinear material properties computed FE-strength of the left hip of each subject in loading from a fall onto the posterolateral (FPL), posterior (FP) and lateral (FL) aspects of the greater trochanter (patent pending). For comparison, FE strength in stance loading (FStance) and total femur areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were also computed. For all loading conditions, the reductions in strength associated with fracture in men were more than twice those in women (p≤0.01). For fall loading specifically, posterolateral loading in men and posterior loading in women were most strongly associated with incident hip fracture. After adjusting for aBMD, the association between FP and fracture in women fell short of statistical significance (p=0.08), indicating that FE strength provides little advantage over aBMD for identifying female hip fracture subjects. However, in men, after controlling for aBMD, FPL was 424N (11%) less in subjects with fractures than in controls (p=0.003). Thus, in men, FE models of posterolateral loading include information about incident hip fracture beyond that in aBMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Keyak
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Gardarsdottir M, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Arnar DO. Is atrial fibrillation associated with a decrease in total brain perfusion? Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Adinolfi M, Aglieri Rinella G, Albrecht E, Bellunato T, Benson S, Blake T, Blanks C, Brisbane S, Brook NH, Calvi M, Cameron B, Cardinale R, Carson L, Contu A, Coombes M, D’Ambrosio C, Easo S, Egede U, Eisenhardt S, Fanchini E, Fitzpatrick C, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Frei C, Gandini P, Gao R, Garra Tico J, Giachero A, Gibson V, Gotti C, Gregson S, Gys T, Haines SC, Hampson T, Harnew N, Hill D, Hunt P, John M, Jones CR, Johnson D, Kanaya N, Katvars S, Kerzel U, Kim YM, Koblitz S, Kucharczyk M, Lambert D, Main A, Maino M, Malde S, Mangiafave N, Matteuzzi C, Mini’ G, Mollen A, Morant J, Mountain R, Morris JV, Muheim F, Muresan R, Nardulli J, Owen P, Papanestis A, Patel M, Patrick GN, Perego DL, Pessina G, Petrolini A, Piedigrossi D, Plackett R, Playfer S, Powell A, Rademacker JH, Ricciardi S, Rogers GJ, Sail P, Sannino M, Savidge T, Sepp I, Sigurdsson S, Soler FJP, Solomin A, Soomro F, Sparkes A, Spradlin P, Storaci B, Thomas C, Topp-Joergensen S, Torr N, Ullaland O, Vervink K, Voong D, Websdale D, Wilkinson G, Wotton SA, Wyllie K, Xing F, Young R. Performance of the LHCb RICH detector at the LHC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2013; 73:2431. [PMID: 25814859 PMCID: PMC4371097 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The LHCb experiment has been taking data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN since the end of 2009. One of its key detector components is the Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system. This provides charged particle identification over a wide momentum range, from 2-100 GeV/c. The operation and control, software, and online monitoring of the RICH system are described. The particle identification performance is presented, as measured using data from the LHC. Excellent separation of hadronic particle types (π, K, p) is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - E. Albrecht
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Benson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T. Blake
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - S. Brisbane
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. H. Brook
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. Calvi
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A. Contu
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Coombes
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. D’Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Easo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - U. Egede
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E. Fanchini
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Fitzpatrick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - R. Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Gandini
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. Giachero
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Gotti
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Gregson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. C. Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Hampson
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N. Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Hunt
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C. R. Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D. Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Kanaya
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Katvars
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - U. Kerzel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y. M. Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S. Koblitz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D. Lambert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Main
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Maino
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Mangiafave
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - G. Mini’
- Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - A. Mollen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Morant
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - F. Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R. Muresan
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Nardulli
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - P. Owen
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - M. Patel
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - G. Pessina
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - D. Piedigrossi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Powell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. H. Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - G. J. Rogers
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Sail
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - I. Sepp
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Sigurdsson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. J. P. Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Solomin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - A. Sparkes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P. Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - B. Storaci
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Thomas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - N. Torr
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - O. Ullaland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Vervink
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Voong
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - G. Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S. A. Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Xing
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Young
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Geerlings MI, Sigurdsson S, Eiriksdottir G, Garcia ME, Harris TB, Sigurdsson T, Gudnason V, Launer LJ. Associations of current and remitted major depressive disorder with brain atrophy: the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:317-328. [PMID: 22647536 PMCID: PMC4244840 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), including age at onset and number of episodes, is associated with brain atrophy in older persons without dementia. METHOD Within the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study, 4354 persons (mean age 76 ± 5 years, 58% women) without dementia had a 1.5-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Automated brain segmentation total and regional brain volumes were calculated. History of MDD, including age at onset and number of episodes, and MDD in the past 2 weeks was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS Of the total sample, 4.5% reported a lifetime history of MDD; 1.5% had a current diagnosis of MDD (including 75% with a prior history of depression) and 3.0% had a past but no current diagnosis (remission). After adjusting for multiple covariates, compared to participants never depressed, those with current MDD (irrespective of past) had more global brain atrophy [B = -1.25%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.05 to -0.44], including more gray- and white-matter atrophy in most lobes, and also more atrophy of the hippocampus and thalamus. Participants with current, first-onset MDD also had more brain atrophy (B = -1.62%, 95% CI -3.30 to 0.05) whereas those remitted did not (B = 0.06%, 95% CI -0.54 to 0.66). CONCLUSIONS In older persons without dementia, current MDD, irrespective of prior history, but not remitted MDD was associated with widespread gray- and white-matter brain atrophy. Prospective studies should examine whether MDD is a consequence of, or contributes to, brain volume loss and development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Geerlings
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, The Netherlands.
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Ferraro FR, Lanzoni B, Dalessandro E, Beccari G, Pasquato M, Miocchi P, Rood RT, Sigurdsson S, Sills A, Vesperini E, Mapelli M, Contreras R, Sanna N, Mucciarelli A. Dynamical age differences among coeval star clusters as revealed by blue stragglers. Nature 2012; 492:393-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rianon NJ, Lang TF, Sigurdsson G, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson S, Garcia M, Pajala S, Koster A, Yu B, Selwyn BJ, Taylor WC, Kapadia AS, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Harris TB. Lifelong physical activity in maintaining bone strength in older men and women of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2303-12. [PMID: 22234811 PMCID: PMC4940059 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined if lifelong physical activity is important for maintaining bone strength in the elderly. Associations of quantitative computerized tomography-acquired bone measures (vertebral and femoral) and self-reported physical activity in mid-life (mean age, 50 years), in old age (≥65 years), and throughout life (recalled during old age) were investigated in 2,110 men and 2,682 women in the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Results conclude lifelong physical activity with continuation into old age (≥65 years) best maintains better bone health later in life. INTRODUCTION Skeletal loading is thought to modulate the loss of bone in later life, and physical activity is a chief means of affecting bone strength by skeletal loading. Despite much discussion regarding lifelong versus early adulthood physical activity for preventing bone loss later in life, inconsistency still exists regarding how to maintain bone mass later in life (≥65 years). METHODS We examined if lifelong physical activity is important for maintaining bone strength in the elderly. RESULTS The associations of quantitative computerized tomography-acquired vertebral and femoral bone measures and self-reported physical activity in mid-life (mean age, 50 years), in old age (≥65 years), and throughout life (recalled during old age) were investigated in 2,110 men and 2,682 women in the AGES-Reykjavik Study. CONCLUSION Our findings conclude that lifelong physical activity with continuation into old age (≥65 years) best maintains better bone health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Rianon
- Family and Community Medicine, UTHSC Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Gudmundsson L, Scher A, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson S, Vidal JS, Gudnason V, Launer L. The Joint Association of Migraine and Depression with Brain Volume: The AGES-Reykjavik Study (S36.003). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s36.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lang TF, Sigurdsson S, Karlsdottir G, Oskarsdottir D, Sigmarsdottir A, Chengshi J, Kornak J, Harris TB, Sigurdsson G, Jonsson BY, Siggeirsdottir K, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Keyak JH. Age-related loss of proximal femoral strength in elderly men and women: the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility Study--Reykjavik. Bone 2012; 50:743-8. [PMID: 22178403 PMCID: PMC3278586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The risk of hip fracture rises rapidly with age, and is particularly high in women. This increase in fracture risk reflects both the age-related change in the risk of falling and decrements in the strength of the proximal femur. To better understand the extent to which proximal femoral density, structure and strength change with age as a function of gender, we have carried out a longitudinal analysis of proximal femoral volumetric quantitative computed tomographic (vQCT) images in men and women, analyzing changes in trabecular and cortical bone properties, and using subject-specific finite element modeling (FEM) to estimate changes in bone strength. In the AGES-Reykjavik Study vQCT scans of the hip were performed at a baseline visit in 2002-2006 and at a second visit 5.05±0.25 years later. From these, 223 subjects (111 men, 112 women, aged 68-87 years) were randomly selected. The subjects were evaluated for longitudinal changes in three bone variables assessed in a region similar to the total femur region quantified by DXA: areal bone mineral density (aBMD), trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (tBMD) and the ratio of cortical to total tissue volume (cvol/ivol). They were also evaluated for changes in bone strength using FEM models of the left proximal femur. Models were analyzed under single-limb stance loading (F(Stance)), which approximates normal physiologic loading of the hip, as well as a load approximating a fall onto the posterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter (F(Fall)). We computed five-year absolute and percentage changes in aBMD, tBMD, cvol/ivol, F(Fall) and F(Stance). The Mann-Whitney Test was employed to compare changes in bone variables between genders and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare changes in bone strength between loading conditions. Multiple (linear) regression was employed to determine the association of changes in F(Fall) and F(Stance) with baseline age and five-year weight loss. Both men and women showed declines in indices of proximal femoral density and structure (aBMD: men -3.9±6.0%, women -6.1±6.2%; tBMD: men -14.8±20.3%, women -23.9±26.8%; cvol/ivol: men -2.6±4.6%, women -4.7±4.8%, gender difference: p<0.001). Both men and women lost bone strength in each loading condition (F(Stance): men -4.2±9.9%, women -8.3±8.5%; F(Fall): men -7.0±15.7%, women -12.8±13.2%; all changes from baseline p<0.0001). The gender difference in bone strength loss was statistically significant in both loading conditions (p<0.001 for F(Stance) and P<0.01 for F(Fall)) and F(Fall) was lost at a higher rate than F(Stance) in men (p<0.01) and women (p<0.0001). The gender difference in strength loss was statistically significant after adjustment for baseline age and weight loss in both loading conditions (p<0.01). In these multi-linear models, men showed increasing rates of bone loss with increasing age (F(Fall): p=0.002; F(Stance): p=0.03), and women showed increasing bone strength loss with higher degrees of weight loss (F(Stance): p=0.003). The higher loss of F(Fall) compared to F(Stance) supports previous findings in animal and human studies that the sub-volumes of bone stressed under normal physiologic loading are relatively better protected in aging. The gender difference in hip bone strength loss is consistent with the higher incidence of hip fracture among elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Lang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0946, USA.
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Mitchell G, Torjesen A, Sigurdsson S, Westenberg J, Launer L, Gudnason V, Harris T. 5.4 HIGHER PULSE PRESSURE IN OLDER PEOPLE IS ASSOCIATED WITH SMALLER AORTIC LUMEN AREA. Artery Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Clausen D, Eracleous M, Sigurdsson S, Irwin J. Emission lines from tidally disrupted white dwarfs and other evolved stars. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123901005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Keyak JH, Sigurdsson S, Karlsdottir G, Oskarsdottir D, Sigmarsdottir A, Zhao S, Kornak J, Harris TB, Sigurdsson G, Jonsson BY, Siggeirsdottir K, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Lang TF. Male-female differences in the association between incident hip fracture and proximal femoral strength: a finite element analysis study. Bone 2011; 48:1239-45. [PMID: 21419886 PMCID: PMC3095704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hip fracture risk is usually evaluated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or quantitative computed tomography (QCT) which provide surrogate measures for proximal femoral strength. However, proximal femoral strength can best be estimated explicitly by combining QCT with finite element (FE) analysis. To evaluate this technique for predicting hip fracture in older men and women, we performed a nested age- and sex-matched case-control study in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES) Reykjavik cohort. Baseline (pre-fracture) QCT scans of 5500 subjects were obtained. During 4-7 years follow-up, 51 men and 77 women sustained hip fractures. Ninety-seven men and 152 women were randomly selected as age- and sex-matched controls. FE-strength of the left hip of each subject for stance (F(Stance)) and posterolateral fall (F(Fall)) loading, and total femur areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were computed from the QCT data. F(Stance) and F(Fall) in incident hip fracture subjects were 13%-25% less than in control subjects (p ≤ 0.006) after controlling for demographic parameters. The difference between FE strengths of fracture and control subjects was disproportionately greater in men (stance, 22%; fall, 25%) than in women (stance, 13%; fall, 18%) (p ≤ 0.033), considering that F(Stance) and F(Fall) in fracture subjects were greater in men than in women (p < 0.001). For men, F(Stance) was associated with hip fracture after accounting for aBMD (p = 0.013). These data indicate that F(Stance) provides information about fracture risk that is beyond that provided by aBMD (p = 0.013). These findings support further exploration of possible sex differences in the predictors of hip fracture and of sex-specific strategies for using FE analysis to manage osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Keyak
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Carpenter RD, Sigurdsson S, Zhao S, Lu Y, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Jonsson BY, Prevrhal S, Harris TB, Siggeirsdottir K, Guðnason V, Lang TF. Effects of age and sex on the strength and cortical thickness of the femoral neck. Bone 2011; 48:741-7. [PMID: 21168538 PMCID: PMC3075958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A group of 48 men (22 aged 65-75 years, 26 aged 80-90 years) and 59 women (32 aged 65-75 years, 27 aged 80-90 years) were enrolled in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study and imaged with in vivo volumetric Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) to investigate the effects of age and sex on femoral neck structure and strength. Femoral neck cross-sectional moment of inertia for bending directions near those of standing and walking (I(AP)), bending strength (M(y)), and axial compressive strength (F(y)) were computed at the location of minimum cross-sectional area (minCSA). Local cortical thickness was computed in the inferior femoral neck based on density profiles extending through the cortex of the minCSA femoral neck section. Multivariate models accounting for height, weight, and age group (younger or older) showed that men had a 46% higher M(y) and a 23% higher F(y) than women, while women had a 13% thicker inferior cortex than men. Cortical thickness in the inferoposterior region of the femoral neck was significantly related to bending and axial strength after adjusting for overall volumetric bone mineral density. Both minCSA and I(AP) were higher in the older, gender-pooled age group, but F(y) and M(y) did not differ between the two age groups. The results suggest that age-related expansion of the femoral neck primarily occurs in the superior and inferior directions and helps maintain homeostasis of femoral neck stiffness and strength. The higher bending strength of the male femoral neck may partly explain why elderly men have a lower risk of hip fracture than elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Carpenter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0946, USA.
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Qiu C, Cotch MF, Sigurdsson S, Jonsson PV, Jonsdottir MK, Sveinbjrnsdottir S, Eiriksdottir G, Klein R, Harris TB, van Buchem MA, Gudnason V, Launer LJ. Cerebral microbleeds, retinopathy, and dementia: the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Neurology 2011; 75:2221-8. [PMID: 21172845 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether microvascular damage, indicated by cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and retinal microvascular signs, is associated with cognitive function and dementia in older persons. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 3,906 participants (mean age 76 years; 58% women) in the AGES-Reykjavik Study (2002-2006). We assessed CMBs on MRI and retinal microvascular signs on digital retinal images. Composite Z scores of memory, processing speed, and executive function were derived from a battery of neurocognitive tests. Dementia and subtypes were diagnosed following international criteria. Regression models were used to relate cognitive Z scores and dementia to CMBs and retinal microvascular signs, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular factors, and brain ischemic lesions. RESULTS People with multiple (≥ 2) CMBs had lower Z scores on tests of processing speed (β-coefficient -0.16; 95% confidence interval -0.26 to -0.05) and executive function (-0.14; -0.24 to -0.04); results were strongest for having multiple CMBs located in the deep hemispheric or infratentorial areas. The odds ratio of vascular dementia was 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 5.25) for multiple CMBs and 1.95 (1.04 to 3.62) for retinopathy. Having both CMBs and retinopathy, compared to having neither, was significantly associated with markedly slower processing speed (-0.25; -0.37 to -0.12), poorer executive function (-0.19; -0.31 to -0.07), and an increased odds ratio of vascular dementia (3.10; 1.11 to 8.62). CONCLUSION Having multiple CMBs or concomitant CMBs and retinopathy is associated with a profile of vascular cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that microvascular damage, as indicated by CMBs and retinopathy lesions, has functional consequences in older men and women living in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qiu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wade CM, Giulotto E, Sigurdsson S, Zoli M, Gnerre S, Imsland F, Lear TL, Adelson DL, Bailey E, Bellone RR, Blöcker H, Distl O, Edgar RC, Garber M, Leeb T, Mauceli E, MacLeod JN, Penedo MCT, Raison JM, Sharpe T, Vogel J, Andersson L, Antczak DF, Biagi T, Binns MM, Chowdhary BP, Coleman SJ, Della Valle G, Fryc S, Guérin G, Hasegawa T, Hill EW, Jurka J, Kiialainen A, Lindgren G, Liu J, Magnani E, Mickelson JR, Murray J, Nergadze SG, Onofrio R, Pedroni S, Piras MF, Raudsepp T, Rocchi M, Røed KH, Ryder OA, Searle S, Skow L, Swinburne JE, Syvänen AC, Tozaki T, Valberg SJ, Vaudin M, White JR, Zody MC, Lander ES, Lindblad-Toh K. Genome sequence, comparative analysis, and population genetics of the domestic horse. Science 2009; 326:865-7. [PMID: 19892987 DOI: 10.1126/science.1178158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse (Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wade
- Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Gudnason V, Thorsson B, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T. Abstract: 114 CAROTID PLAQUE AND IMT IN THE POPULATION BASED REFINE REYKJAVIK STUDY IN CONTEXT WITH THE SHAPE GUIDELINES. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jonsson H, Helgadottir GP, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson S, Ingvarsson T, Harris TB, Launer L, Gudnason V. Hand osteoarthritis in older women is associated with carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: the AGES Reykjavik study. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:1696-700. [PMID: 19033292 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.096289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that atherosclerosis may contribute to the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis. To test this hypothesis, the presence and severity of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) was compared with markers of atherosclerotic vascular disease in an elderly population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The AGES Reykjavik Study is a population-based multidisciplinary study of ageing in the elderly population of Reykjavik. In a study of 2264 men (mean age 76 years; SD 6) and 3078 women (mean age 76 years; SD 6) the severity of HOA, scored from photographs, was compared with measures of atherosclerosis. These included carotid intimal thickness and plaque severity, coronary calcifications (CAC) and aortic calcifications and reported cardiac and cerebrovascular events. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, both carotid plaque severity and CAC were significantly associated with HOA in women, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.76, p = 0.002) for having CAC and 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.49, p = 0.016) for having moderate or severe carotid plaques. Both carotid plaques and CAC also exhibited significant linear trends in relation to HOA severity in women in the whole AGES Reykjavik cohort (p<0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively, for trend). No significant associations were seen in men. Despite this evidence of increased atherosclerosis, women with HOA did not report proportionally more previous cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a linear association between the severity of HOA and atherosclerosis in older women. The pathological process of HOA seems to have some components in common with atherosclerosis. Prospective studies may help elucidate the possible mechanisms of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jonsson
- Landspitalinn University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Iceland.
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Sveinbjornsdottir S, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Kjartansson O, Eiriksdottir G, Valtysdottir B, Lopez OL, van Buchem MA, Jonsson PV, Gudnason V, Launer LJ. Cerebral microbleeds in the population based AGES-Reykjavik study: prevalence and location. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:1002-6. [PMID: 18270235 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Incidental foci of signal loss suggestive of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are frequent findings on gradient echo T2* weighted MRI (T2* MRI) of patients with haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke. There are few prevalence data on older populations. This paper reports on the prevalence and location of CMBs in a community based cohort of older men and women (born 1907-1935) who participated in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study, a population based cohort study that followed the Reykjavik Study METHODS As part of the examination, all eligible and consenting cohort members underwent a full brain MRI, and blood was drawn for genotyping. Results are based on the first 1962 men (n = 820) and women (n = 1142), mean age 76 years, with complete MRI and demographic information available. RESULTS Evidence of CMBs was found in 218 participants (11.1% (95% CI 9.8% to 12.6%)); men had significantly more CMBs than women (14.4% vs 8.8%; p = 0.0002, age adjusted). The prevalence of CMBs increased with age (p = 0.0001) in both men (p = 0.006) and women (p = 0.007). CMBs were located in the cerebral lobes (70%), the basal ganglia region (10.5%) and infratentorium (18.6%). Having a CMB was significantly associated with a homozygote Apo E epsilon4epsilon4 genotype (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Cerebral microbleeds are common in older persons. The association with homozygote Apo E epsilon4 genotype and finding a relative predominance in the parietal lobes might indicate an association with amyloid angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sveinbjornsdottir
- Department of Neurology, Landspitali University Hospital, C12, Fossvogur, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Kristjansdottir G, Sandling JK, Bonetti A, Roos IM, Milani L, Wang C, Gustafsdottir SM, Sigurdsson S, Lundmark A, Tienari PJ, Koivisto K, Elovaara I, Pirttilä T, Reunanen M, Peltonen L, Saarela J, Hillert J, Olsson T, Landegren U, Alcina A, Fernández O, Leyva L, Guerrero M, Lucas M, Izquierdo G, Matesanz F, Syvänen AC. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene variants are associated with multiple sclerosis in three distinct populations. J Med Genet 2008; 45:362-9. [PMID: 18285424 PMCID: PMC2564860 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.055012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: IRF5 is a transcription factor involved both in the type I interferon and the toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Previously, IRF5 has been found to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Here we investigated whether polymorphisms in the IRF5 gene would be associated with yet another disease with features of autoimmunity, multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and one insertion-deletion polymorphism in the IRF5 gene in a collection of 2337 patients with MS and 2813 controls from three populations: two case–control cohorts from Spain and Sweden, and a set of MS trio families from Finland. Results: Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (rs4728142, rs3807306), and a 5 bp insertion-deletion polymorphism located in the promoter and first intron of the IRF5 gene, showed association signals with values of p<0.001 when the data from all cohorts were combined. The predisposing alleles were present on the same common haplotype in all populations. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays we observed allele specific differences in protein binding for the SNP rs4728142 and the 5 bp indel, and by a proximity ligation assay we demonstrated increased binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the risk allele of the 5 bp indel. Conclusion: These findings add IRF5 to the short list of genes shown to be associated with MS in more than one population. Our study adds to the evidence that there might be genes or pathways that are common in multiple autoimmune diseases, and that the type I interferon system is likely to be involved in the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kristjansdottir
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sigurdsson S, Hedman M, Sistonen P, Sajantila A, Syvänen AC. A microarray system for genotyping 150 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of human mitochondrial DNA. Genomics 2006; 87:534-42. [PMID: 16406725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We established a genotyping system for a panel of 150 SNPs in the coding regions of mitochondrial DNA based on multiplex tag-array minisequencing. We show the feasibility of this system for simultaneous identification of individuals and prediction of the geographical origin of the mitochondrial DNA population lineage of the sample donors by genotyping the panel of SNPs in 265 samples representing nine different populations from Africa, Europe, and Asia. Nearly 40,000 genotypes were produced in the study, with an overall genotyping success rate of 95% and accuracy close to 100%. The gene diversity value of the panel of 150 SNPs was 0.991, compared to 0.995 for sequencing 500 nucleotides of the hypervariable regions I and II of mtDNA. For 17 individuals with identical sequences in the hypervariable regions of mtDNA, our panel of SNPs increased the power of discrimination. We observed 144 haplotypes that correspond to previously determined mitochondrial "haplogroups," and they allowed prediction of the origin of the maternal population lineage of 97% of the analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sigurdsson S, Van Komen S, Bussen W, Schild D, Albala JS, Sung P. Mediator function of the human Rad51B-Rad51C complex in Rad51/RPA-catalyzed DNA strand exchange. Genes Dev 2001; 15:3308-18. [PMID: 11751636 PMCID: PMC312844 DOI: 10.1101/gad.935501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Five Rad51-like proteins, referred to as Rad51 paralogs, have been described in vertebrates. We show that two of them, Rad51B and Rad51C, are associated in a stable complex. Rad51B-Rad51C complex has ssDNA binding and ssDNA-stimulated ATPase activities. We also examined the functional interaction of Rad51B-Rad51C with Rad51 and RPA. Even though RPA enhances Rad51-catalyzed DNA joint formation via removal of secondary structure in the ssDNA substrate, it can also compete with Rad51 for binding to the substrate, leading to suppressed reaction efficiency. The competition by RPA for substrate binding can be partially alleviated by Rad51B-Rad51C. This recombination mediator function of Rad51B-Rad51C is likely required for the assembly of the Rad51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigurdsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245-3207, USA
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Abstract
Iceland has attracted world-wide attention because of a controversy surrounding the Icelandic Health Sector Database Act of 1998 and the genomics company deCODE Genetics. The controversy concerns limits to state power, bioethics and regulation of research, and civil liberties. Understanding it necessitates paying attention to the yin-yang-like character of deCODE; it is international or Icelandic, what is the relation between the HSD and deCODE, will the HSD engulf the Icelandic nation as a whole?
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Sigurdsson S, Strömberg R. Evaluation of several economical computational methods for geometry optimization of phosphorus acid derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1381-4. [PMID: 11563027 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several economical methods for geometry optimisation, applicable to larger molecules, have been evaluated for phosphorus acid derivatives. MP2/cc-pVDZ and B3LYP/6-31+G(d) geometry optimizations are used as reference points, results from geometry optimizations for other methods and their subsequent single point energy calculations are compared to these references. The geometries from HF/MIDI! optimizations were close to those of the references and subsequent single point energies with B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) or EDF1/6-31+G(d) gave a mean average deviation (MAD) of less than 0.5 kcal mol-1 from those obtained with the reference geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigurdsson
- Division of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, MBB, Scheele Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Human Rad51 (hRad51), a member of a conserved family of general recombinases, is shown here to have an avid capability to make DNA joints between homologous DNA molecules and promote highly efficient DNA strand exchange of the paired molecules over at least 5.4 kilobase pairs. Furthermore, maximal efficiency of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange is strongly dependent on the heterotrimeric single-stranded DNA binding factor hRPA and requires conditions that lessen interactions of the homologous duplex with the hRad51-single-stranded DNA nucleoprotein filament. The homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange system described should be valuable for dissecting the action mechanism of hRad51 and for deciphering its functional interactions with other recombination factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigurdsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245-3207, USA
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Sigurdsson S, Bödvarsdottir SK, Anamthawat-Jonsson K, Steinarsdottir M, Jonasson JG, Ogmundsdottir HM, Eyfjörd JE. p53 abnormality and chromosomal instability in the same breast tumor cells. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2000; 121:150-5. [PMID: 11063799 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the important role of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 in maintaining genetic integrity, we estimated chromosome instability and staining of overexpressed p53 protein in the same cells of five primary breast carcinomas. The method included both fluorescence immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue. By using a centromeric FISH probe for chromosome 17 on interphase cells in these sections, we showed that cells with abnormal p53 protein expression had a statistically significant higher number of chromosome 17 than did cells with no p53 protein staining in the same samples as well as cells in four other tumor samples with no p53 protein staining. The samples identified positive for p53 abnormality by immunostaining were shown to have p53 mutation by constant denaturing gel electrophoresis analysis and DNA sequencing. These mutated samples were characterized by high DNA index, high S-phase, abnormal karyotype, and aneuploidy. The results strongly implicate p53 mutation as a cause for chromosomal instability and a crucial step in mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigurdsson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Abstract
Yeast Rad51 recombinase has only minimal ability to form D loop. Addition of Rad54 renders D loop formation by Rad51 efficient, even when topologically relaxed DNA is used as substrate. Treatment of the nucleoprotein complex of Rad54 and relaxed DNA with topoisomerases reveals dynamic DNA remodeling to generate unconstrained negative and positive supercoils. DNA remodeling requires ATP hydrolysis by Rad54 and is stimulated by Rad51-DNA nucleoprotein complex. A marked sensitivity of DNA undergoing remodeling to P1 nuclease indicates that the negative supercoils produced lead to transient DNA strand separation. Thus, a specific interaction of Rad54 with the Rad51-ssDNA complex enhances the ability of the former to remodel DNA and allows the latter to harvest the negative supercoils generated for DNA joint formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Komen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78245, USA
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Sigurdsson S, Svantesson C, Larsson A, Jonson B. Elastic pressure-volume curves indicate derecruitment after a single deep expiration in anaesthetised and muscle-relaxed healthy man. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44:980-4. [PMID: 10981576 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung volume is lost immediately after positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is removed and is not immediately regained when PEEP is restored to its original value. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the same phenomenon also occurs in cardiopulmonary healthy individuals during anaesthesia and muscle relaxation. METHODS In 13 anaesthetised and muscle-relaxed patients, inspiratory elastic pressure-volume (Pel-V) curves were, after lung recruitment, obtained from zero end-expiratory airway pressure (ZEEP) and from a PEEP of 5 cmH2O. The curves were aligned on a common volume axis. Differences in lung volumes and compliance (Crs) were calculated at the different airway pressures. RESULTS At comparable pressures the ZEEP curve showed significantly lower volumes up to an airway pressure of 25 cmH2O. Maximum Crs was similar on the curves obtained from ZEEP and PEEP. However, the lower segments of the curve recorded from PEEP showed lower Crs compared to the curve recorded from ZEEP. CONCLUSION During anaesthesia and muscle paralysis, the Pel-V relations change immediately when 5 cmH2O of PEEP is removed. This phenomenon is probably mainly caused by closure of small airways and only in a minor part, if any, by formation of atelectasis. This study indicates that under these conditions lung volume might easily be normalised by a large breath producing an airway pressure of 20 cmH2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigurdsson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
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Svantesson C, Drefeldt B, Sigurdsson S, Larsson A, Brochard L, Jonson B. A single computer-controlled mechanical insufflation allows determination of the pressure-volume relationship of the respiratory system. J Clin Monit Comput 1999; 15:9-16. [PMID: 12578056 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009916905078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and further develop a method for determination and mathematical characterisation of the elastic pressure-volume (Pel-V) relationship in mechanically ventilated human subjects during one single modified insufflation with simultaneous determination of resistance of the respiratory system. SUBJECTS Eight adult non-smoking human subjects without heart, lung, or thoracic cage disease scheduled for non-thoracic surgery. The study was performed in anaesthetised and muscle-relaxed subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The Pel-V curve was determined with a computer-controlled Servo Ventilator 900C during a modified insufflation with either constant or sinusoidally varying flow. Pressure and flow were measured with the built-in sensors of the ventilator. Tracheal pressure (Ptr) was calculated by subtracting the pressure drop over the tracheal tube. The elastic recoil pressure in the peripheral lung, Pel, was obtained from the calculated Ptr by subtracting the pressure drop over the airways. Ptr was also directly measured through a catheter. The calculated Ptr gave similar results as the directly measured Ptr, thus indicating the reliability of the signal originating from the ventilator sensor for computation of downstream pressures. The inflection points of the sigmoidal Pel-V curve and the compliance of the linear segment were determined with high reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS Using one single modified insufflation allows a fast and accurate determination of respiratory mechanics. The Pel-V curves were determined with high reproducibility and were adequately described by a three-segment model of the curve incorporating a linear segment between two asymmetrical non-linear segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Svantesson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden
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Svantesson C, Sigurdsson S, Larsson A, Jonson B. Effects of recruitment of collapsed lung units on the elastic pressure-volume relationship in anaesthetised healthy adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42:1149-56. [PMID: 9834796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elastic pressure-volume (Pel-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used as a guide for improved ventilator management. The understanding of curves recorded for sick patients can be improved with better knowledge of the Pel-V relationship observed in healthy humans. Dynamic Pel-V curves were determined over an extended volume range in 15 anaesthetised and muscle-relaxed healthy humans. The influence of a recruitment manoeuvre was studied. METHODS Dynamic Pel-V curves were determined during a single prolonged insufflation before and after the recruitment manoeuvre. A mathematical three-segment model of the curve including a linear intermediate segment, delineated by the lower (LIP) and upper (UIP) inflection points, was used for characterisation of the recorded curves. RESULTS The model gave an adequate description of the recorded Pel-V curves. Before the recruitment manoeuvre, compliance increased until the LIP was reached at 20 cm H2O (1.9 L). Then followed a long linear segment. After the recruitment manoeuvre, compliance increased during insufflation until a LIP was reached at 13 cm H2O (1.2 L). Above the LIP followed a shorter linear segment (compliance = 140 mL/cm H2O) and then an upper segment with decreasing compliance. CONCLUSION Pel-V curves recorded before and after the recruitment manoeuvre show that large lung compartments close during anaesthesia and that high pressures are needed to achieve recruitment even in the normal lung. Accordingly, the LIP does not define the end of recruitment during insufflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Svantesson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden
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Bödvarsdóttir SK, Sigurdsson S, Steinarsdóttir M, Eyfjörd JE, Ogmundsdóttir H, Anamthawat-Jónsson K. Simultaneous detection of p53 nuclear protein and chromosome aberrations on sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue. Chromosome Res 1998; 6:233-5. [PMID: 9609668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gretarsdottir S, Thorlacius S, Valgardsdottir R, Gudlaugsdottir S, Sigurdsson S, Steinarsdottir M, Jonasson JG, Anamthawat-Jonsson K, Eyfjörd JE. BRCA2 and p53 mutations in primary breast cancer in relation to genetic instability. Cancer Res 1998; 58:859-62. [PMID: 9500438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The products of the BRCA breast cancer susceptibility genes have been implicated in cell cycle control and DNA repair. It has been suggested that mutations in the p53 gene are a necessary step in tumorigenesis in BRCA tumors. We tested samples from 402 breast cancer patients for germ-line BRCA2 and p53 mutations in tumors. p53 mutations are more frequent in BRCA2 mutation carriers than they are in controls. Tumors with mutations in either gene had multiple chromosomal abnormalities, as shown by cytogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gretarsdottir
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik
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