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Tamma PD, Immel S, Karaba SM, Soto CL, Conzemius R, Gisriel E, Tekle T, Stambaugh H, Johnson E, Tornheim JA, Simner PJ. Successful Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Meningitis with Sulbactam-Durlobactam. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae210. [PMID: 38630890 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii/calcoaceticus complex (CRAB) presents significant treatment challenges. METHODS We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with CRAB meningitis who experienced persistently positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures for 13 days despite treatment with high-dose ampicillin-sulbactam and cefiderocol. On day 13, she was transitioned to sulbactam-durlobactam and meropenem; four subsequent CSF cultures remained negative. After 14 days of sulbactam-durlobactam, she was cured of infection. Whole genome sequencing investigations identified putative mechanisms that contributed to reduced cefiderocol susceptibility observed during cefiderocol therapy. Blood and CSF samples were collected pre-dose and 3-hours post initiation of a sulbactam-durlobactam infusion. RESULTS The CRAB isolate belonged to sequence type 2. An acquired blaOXA-23 and an intrinsic blaOXA-51-like (i.e., blaOXA-66) carbapenemase gene were identified. The paradoxical effect (i.e., no growth at lower cefiderocol dilutions but growth at higher dilutions) was observed by broth microdilution after 8 days of cefiderocol exposure but not by disk diffusion. Potential markers of resistance to cefiderocol included mutations in the start codon of piuA and piuC iron transport genes and a A515V substitution in PBP3, the primary target of cefiderocol. Sulbactam and durlobactam were detected in CSF at both timepoints, indicating CSF penetration. CONCLUSIONS This case describes successful treatment of refractory CRAB meningitis with the administration of sulbactam-durlobactam and meropenem and highlights the need to be cognizant of the paradoxical effect that can be observed with broth microdilution testing of CRAB isolates with cefiderocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita D Tamma
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanan Immel
- Department of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara M Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin L Soto
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Emily Gisriel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsigereda Tekle
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haley Stambaugh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Tornheim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia J Simner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Smith L, Morris CP, Jibowu MH, Fallon S, Ray SC, Cosgrove SE, Curless MS, Fabre V, Karaba SM, Maragakis LL, Milstone AM, Sick-Samuels AC, Trexler P, Mostafa HH, Rock C. Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure investigations using genomic sequencing among healthcare workers and patients in a large academic center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:798-801. [PMID: 35232508 PMCID: PMC8943229 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions among healthcare workers and hospitalized patients are challenging to confirm. Investigation of infected persons often reveals multiple potential risk factors for viral acquisition. We combined exposure investigation with genomic analysis confirming 2 hospital-based clusters. Prolonged close contact with unmasked, unrecognized infectious, individuals was a common risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - C. Paul Morris
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Morgan H. Jibowu
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan Fallon
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stuart C. Ray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara E. Cosgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melanie S. Curless
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Valeria Fabre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara M. Karaba
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa L Maragakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna C. Sick-Samuels
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Polly Trexler
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Heba H. Mostafa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clare Rock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) can cause significant infections with limited treatment options available. Falcone et al. (https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02142-21) describe a single-center retrospective study comparing clinical outcomes among patients with CRAB infections treated with cefiderocol-containing versus colistin-containing regimens. Patients who received cefiderocol-containing regimens had lower 30-day mortality, though there are several limitations raised here, which make interpretation and applicability difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Hirsch
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily L. Heil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Karaba SM, Jones G, Helsel T, Smith LL, Avery R, Dzintars K, Salinas AB, Keller SC, Townsend JL, Klein E, Amoah J, Garibaldi BT, Cosgrove SE, Fabre V. Prevalence of Co-infection at the Time of Hospital Admission in COVID-19 Patients, A Multicenter Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofaa578. [PMID: 33447639 PMCID: PMC7793465 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections may complicate viral pneumonias. Recent reports suggest that bacterial co-infection at time of presentation is uncommon in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, estimates were based on microbiology tests alone. We sought to develop and apply consensus definitions, incorporating clinical criteria to better understand the rate of co-infections and antibiotic use in COVID-19. METHODS A total of 1016 adult patients admitted to 5 hospitals in the Johns Hopkins Health System between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, with COVID-19 were evaluated. Adjudication of co-infection using definitions developed by a multidisciplinary team for this study was performed. Both respiratory and common nonrespiratory co-infections were assessed. The definition of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (bCAP) included proven (clinical, laboratory, and radiographic criteria plus microbiologic diagnosis), probable (clinical, laboratory, and radiographic criteria without microbiologic diagnosis), and possible (not all clinical, laboratory, and radiographic criteria met) categories. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial use were assessed in the context of the consensus definitions. RESULTS Bacterial respiratory co-infections were infrequent (1.2%); 1 patient had proven bCAP, and 11 (1.1%) had probable bCAP. Two patients (0.2%) had viral respiratory co-infections. Although 69% of patients received antibiotics for pneumonia, the majority were stopped within 48 hours in patients with possible or no evidence of bCAP. The most common nonrespiratory infection was urinary tract infection (present in 3% of the cohort). CONCLUSIONS Using multidisciplinary consensus definitions, proven or probable bCAP was uncommon in adults hospitalized due to COVID-19, as were other nonrespiratory bacterial infections. Empiric antibiotic use was high, highlighting the need to enhance antibiotic stewardship in the treatment of viral pneumonias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Karaba
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - George Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor Helsel
- Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Leigh Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin Avery
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn Dzintars
- Department of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandra B Salinas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara C Keller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer L Townsend
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eili Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joe Amoah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian T Garibaldi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara E Cosgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valeria Fabre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Karaba SM, Amoah J, Cosgrove SE, Tamma PD. 38. Predicting stenotrophomonas Maltophilia bloodstream Infections (BSI) in the Hematologic Malignancy Population. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020. [PMCID: PMC7776099 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa417.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the preferred treatment for S. maltophilia BSI. Hematologic malignancy patients are at increased risk of S. maltophilia BSI but because of the TMP-SMX adverse event profile, this agent is not routinely included in empiric treatment regimens. We sought to identify risk factors for S. maltophilia BSI in hematologic malignancy patients to guide empiric treatment decisions in this population. Methods Inpatients ≥ 12 years at Johns Hopkins Health System hospitals between 7/1/16-12/1/19 with a hematologic malignancy and/or stem cell transplant (SCT) within 12 months were included. Cases were patients with S. maltophilia BSI and controls were patients with BSI from Gram-negative organisms other than S. maltophilia. Demographics, pre-existing medical conditions, antibiotic use (including prophylaxis) in the previous 3 months, and hospitalization in the previous 3 months were compared between cases and controls using non-parametric methods and multivariable logistic regression. Results There were 20 cases and 105 controls. Cases and controls were similar in terms of age, sex, type of underlying malignancy, proportion with recent SCT, absolute neutrophil count, (ANC), central venous catheter, and severity of illness. Cases were more likely to have received ≥ 72 hours of a carbapenem within the preceding 3 months, controlling for age, recent SCT, ANC, and central venous catheter (OR=3.11, 95% 1.05–9.16, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in prior cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam use in the preceding 3 months between cases and controls. Conclusion Hematologic malignancy patients who received ≥ 72 hours of carbapenem therapy, but not other broad spectrum antibiotic use within the previous 3 months were more likely to be infected with S. maltophilia BSI. Identifying patients at high risk for S. maltophilia BSI can ensure early, appropriate empiric therapy – ultimately improving clinical outcomes. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Amoah
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Pranita D Tamma
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bellows LE, Koestler BJ, Karaba SM, Waters CM, Lathem WW. Hfq-dependent, co-ordinate control of cyclic diguanylate synthesis and catabolism in the plague pathogen Yersinia pestis. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:661-74. [PMID: 22924957 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the cause of the disease plague, forms biofilms to enhance flea-to-mammal transmission. Biofilm formation is dependent on exopolysaccharide synthesis and is controlled by the intracellular levels of the second messenger molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), but the mechanisms by which Y. pestis regulates c-di-GMP synthesis and turnover are not fully understood. Here we show that the small RNA chaperone Hfq contributes to the regulation of c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation by modulating the abundance of both the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase HmsP and the diguanylate cyclase HmsT. To do so, Hfq co-ordinately promotes hmsP mRNA accumulation while simultaneously decreasing the stability of the hmsT transcript. Hfq-dependent regulation of HmsP occurs at the transcriptional level while the regulation of HmsT is post-transcriptional and is localized to the 5' untranslated region/proximal coding sequence of the hmsT transcript. Decoupling HmsP from Hfq-based regulation is sufficient to overcome the effects of Δhfq on c-di-GMP and biofilm formation. We propose that Y. pestis utilizes Hfq to link c-di-GMP levels to environmental conditions and that the disregulation of c-di-GMP turnover in the absence of Hfq may contribute to the severe attenuation of Y. pestis lacking this RNA chaperone in animal models of plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bellows
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Rouf R, Karaba SM, Dao J, Cianciotto NP. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains replicate and persist in the murine lung, but to significantly different degrees. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:2133-2142. [PMID: 21546584 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.048157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly described as a multidrug-resistant pathogen of humans, being associated with pneumonia, among other diseases. But the degree to which S. maltophilia is capable of replicating in a mammalian host has been an issue of controversy. Using a model of intranasal inoculation into adult A/J mice, we now document that S. maltophilia strain K279a, the clinical isolate of S. maltophilia whose complete genome sequence was recently determined, is in fact capable of replicating in lungs, displaying as much as a 10-fold increase in c.f.u. in the first 8 h of infection. Importantly, as few as 10(4) c.f.u. deposited into the A/J lung was sufficient to promote bacterial outgrowth. Bacterial replication in the lungs of the A/J mice was followed by elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and also promoted resistance to subsequent challenge. We also found that DBA/2 mice were permissive for S. maltophilia K279a replication, although the level of growth and persistence in these animals was less than it was in the A/J mice. In contrast, the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains were non-permissive for S. maltophilia K279a growth. Interestingly, when five additional clinical isolates were introduced into the A/J lung, marked differences in survival were observed, with some strains being much less infective than K279a and others being appreciably more infective. These data suggest that the presence of major virulence determinants is variable among clinical isolates. Overall, this study confirms the infectivity of S. maltophilia for the mammalian host, and illustrates how both host and bacterial factors affect the outcome of Stenotrophomonas infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruella Rouf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sara M Karaba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jenny Dao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas P Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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