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Ooi LC, Ho V, Zhu JZ, Lim S, Chung L, Abubakar A, Rutland T, Chua W, Ng W, Lee M, Morgan M, MacKenzie S, Lee CS. p21 as a Predictor and Prognostic Indicator of Clinical Outcome in Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:725. [PMID: 38255799 PMCID: PMC10815780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle plays a key and complex role in the development of human cancers. p21 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) involved in the promotion of cell cycle arrest and the regulation of cellular senescence. Altered p21 expression in rectal cancer cells may affect tumor cells' behavior and resistance to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. Our study aimed to ascertain the relationship between the differential expression of p21 in rectal cancer and patient survival outcomes. Using tissue microarrays, 266 rectal cancer specimens were immunohistochemically stained for p21. The expression patterns were scored separately in cancer cells retrieved from the center and the periphery of the tumor; compared with clinicopathological data, tumor regression grade (TRG), disease-free, and overall survival. Negative p21 expression in tumor periphery cells was significantly associated with longer overall survival upon the univariate (p = 0.001) and multivariable analysis (p = 0.003, HR = 2.068). Negative p21 expression in tumor periphery cells was also associated with longer disease-free survival in the multivariable analysis (p = 0.040, HR = 1.769). Longer overall survival times also correlated with lower tumor grades (p= 0.011), the absence of vascular and perineural invasion (p = 0.001; p < 0.005), the absence of metastases (p < 0.005), and adjuvant treatment (p = 0.009). p21 expression is a potential predictive and prognostic biomarker for clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients. Negative p21 expression in tumor periphery cells demonstrated significant association with longer overall survival and disease-free survival. Larger prospective studies are warranted to investigate the ability of p21 to identify rectal cancer patients who will benefit from neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ching Ooi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (L.C.O.); (J.Z.Z.); (T.R.); (C.S.L.)
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Jing Zhou Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (L.C.O.); (J.Z.Z.); (T.R.); (C.S.L.)
| | - Stephanie Lim
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Liping Chung
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Askar Abubakar
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Tristan Rutland
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (L.C.O.); (J.Z.Z.); (T.R.); (C.S.L.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Weng Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Matthew Morgan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (L.C.O.); (J.Z.Z.); (T.R.); (C.S.L.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (L.C.); (A.A.); (W.C.); (S.M.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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Chan S, MacKenzie S, Bosnic S, Wong G, Zhang L, Finkelstein S, Lam E, Russell S, Gallant F, Wronski M, Leung E, Chow E, Chin L. Treatment times for delivering adjuvant breast radiotherapy at a cancer centre in Ontario, Canada. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:611-619. [PMID: 37718151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time is a valuable commodity that impacts hospital flow, patient experience and economic resources. This study aims to identify factors that affect daily treatment time over a course of radiation therapy (RT) in patients who underwent adjuvant breast RT. METHODS In all adjuvant breast/chestwall RT patients treated from October 2017 to May 2018, daily set-up, beam delivery time, and overall treatment times were collected. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictive factors related to treatment time. A general linear regression model was used to determine whether there was a learning curve effect throughout the course of treatment that decreased treatment time as patient and staff familiarity with the treatment procedure increased. RESULTS A total of 567 patients were included with a median age of 61 years. The average overall treatment time for 2-field and 4-field RT was 8.3 (SD 2.4) and 13.1 (SD 5.6) minutes, respectively. Factors that significantly increased overall treatment times in patients prescribed 2-field RT were: bilateral techniques, breath-hold (BH) techniques, prone techniques (PR), reverse decubitus techniques (RD), wide tangents techniques, the use of bolus and number of segments delivered. (p < 0.05). Factors that significantly increased overall treatment times in patients who received 3-field and 4-field RT were: wide tangents volumes, a higher number of monitor units (MUs), bilateral techniques and BH techniques (p < 0.05). Older patients (≥60) who underwent 3-field and 4-field RT demonstrated a statistically significant increase in set-up time (p < 0.0001). Overall treatment time decreased from 10.0 to 9.3 min over the course of treatment, suggesting a minor learning curve (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION The use of bilateral RT, BH, PR, RD, wide tangents, bolus, increasing treatment volumes, and increasing plan complexity were associated with increased treatment times. Future research should quantify the impact of other factors (BMI, mobility, patient care assessments, and imaging protocols) and utility of technological tools (time-predicting models, machine learning tools, and operations research models) on treatment time to optimize RT scheduling and improve resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chan
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandi Bosnic
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gina Wong
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liying Zhang
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sam Finkelstein
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emily Lam
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steve Russell
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Francois Gallant
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matt Wronski
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Leung
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edward Chow
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lee Chin
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Nindra U, Pal A, Lea V, Lim SHS, Wilkinson K, Asghari R, Roberts TL, Becker TM, Farzin M, Rutland T, Lee M, MacKenzie S, Ng W, Wang B, Lee CS, Chua W. Multigene panel next generation sequencing in metastatic colorectal cancer in an Australian population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292087. [PMID: 37796807 PMCID: PMC10553362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used in standard clinical practice to identify patients with potentially actionable mutations. Stratification of NGS mutation tiers is currently based on the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT[E]) Tier I-V & X. Allele frequency is also increasingly recognised as an important prognostic tool in advanced cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the genomic mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in an Australian multicultural population and their influence on survival outcomes. METHODS Next generation sequencing with the 50-gene panel Oncomine Precision Assay™ was used on 180 CRC tissue samples obtained across six Sydney hospitals between June 2021 and March 2022. RESULTS From 180 samples, 147 (82%) had at least one gene mutation identified with 68 (38%) having two or more concurrent mutations. Tier I variants included RAS wild-type [EI] in 73 (41%) and BRAF V600E [EIA] in 27 (15%). Non-tier I variants include 2 (1%) ERBB2 amplification [EIIB], 26 (15%) PIK3CA hotspot mutations [EIIIA] and 9 (5%) MET focal amplifications [EIIIA]. NGS testing revealed an additional 22% of cases with Tier II & III mutations. 43% of patients also presented with potentially actionable Tier III & IV mutations. Patients with concurrent TP53 and RAS mutations had significantly reduced overall survival (6.1 months versus 21.1 months, p <0.01). High KRAS allele frequency, as defined by those with over 20% variant allele frequency (VAF), also demonstrated reduced overall survival (12.1 months versus 42.9 months, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In addition to identifying patients with genomic alterations suitable for clinically proven standard of care therapeutic options, the 50 gene NGS panel has significant potential in identifying potentially actionable non-tier 1 mutations and therefore may become future standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Nindra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abhijit Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Vivienne Lea
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Hui-Su Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Wilkinson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ray Asghari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tara L. Roberts
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mahtab Farzin
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tristan Rutland
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Lee
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. Soon Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Lawrence LSP, Chan RW, Chen H, Keller B, Stewart J, Ruschin M, Chugh B, Campbell M, Theriault A, Stanisz GJ, MacKenzie S, Myrehaug S, Detsky J, Maralani PJ, Tseng CL, Czarnota GJ, Sahgal A, Lau AZ. Accuracy and precision of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements on a 1.5 T MR-Linac in central nervous system tumour patients. Radiother Oncol 2021; 164:155-162. [PMID: 34592363 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MRI linear accelerators (MR-Linacs) may allow treatment adaptation to be guided by quantitative MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements from DWI on a 1.5 T MR-Linac in patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours through comparison with a diagnostic scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS CNS patients were treated using a 1.5 T Elekta Unity MR-Linac. DWI was acquired during MR-Linac treatment and on a Philips Ingenia 1.5 T. The agreement between the two scanners on median ADC over the gross tumour/clinical target volumes (GTV/CTV) and in brain regions (white/grey matter, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) was computed. Repeated scans were used to estimate ADC repeatability. Daily changes in ADC over the GTV of high-grade gliomas were characterized from MR-Linac scans. RESULTS DWI from 59 patients was analyzed. MR-Linac ADC measurements showed a small bias relative to Ingenia measurements in white matter, grey matter, GTV, and CTV (bias: -0.05 ± 0.03, -0.08 ± 0.05, -0.1 ± 0.1, -0.08 ± 0.07 μm2/ms). ADC differed substantially in CSF (bias: -0.5 ± 0.3 μm2/ms). The repeatability of MR-Linac ADC over white/grey matter was similar to previous reports (coefficients of variation for median ADC: 1.4%/1.8%). MR-Linac ADC changes in the GTV were detectable. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to obtain ADC measurements in the brain on a 1.5 T MR-Linac that are comparable to those of diagnostic-quality scanners. This technical validation study adds to the foundation for future studies that will correlate brain tumour ADC with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S P Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel W Chan
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Keller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Ruschin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brige Chugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikki Campbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aimee Theriault
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pejman J Maralani
- Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg J Czarnota
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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Chan RW, Lawrence LSP, Oglesby RT, Chen H, Stewart J, Theriault A, Campbell M, Ruschin M, Myrehaug S, Atenafu EG, Keller B, Chugh B, MacKenzie S, Tseng CL, Detsky J, Maralani PJ, Czarnota GJ, Stanisz GJ, Sahgal A, Lau AZ. Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI in central nervous system tumours on a 1.5 T MR-Linac. Radiother Oncol 2021; 162:140-149. [PMID: 34280403 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the implementation and initial results of using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) for monitoring patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours treated using a 1.5 tesla MR-guided radiotherapy system. METHODS CNS patients were treated with up to 30 fractions (total dose up to 60 Gy) using a 1.5 T Elekta Unity MR-Linac. CEST scans were obtained in 54 subjects at one or more time points during treatment. CEST metrics, including the amide magnetization transfer ratio (MTRAmide), nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) MTR (MTRNOE) and asymmetry, were quantified in phantoms and CNS patients. The signal was investigated between tumour and white matter, across time, and across disease categories including high- and low-grade tumours. RESULTS The gross tumour volume (GTV) exhibited lower MTRAmide and MTRNOE and higher asymmetry compared to contralateral normal appearing white matter. Signal changes in the GTV during fractionated radiotherapy were observed. There were differences between high- and low-grade tumours, with higher CEST asymmetry associated with higher grade disease. CONCLUSION CEST MRI using a 1.5 T MR-Linac was demonstrated to be feasible for in vivo imaging of CNS tumours. CEST images showed tumour/white-matter contrast, temporal CEST signal changes, and associations with tumour grade. These results show promise for the eventual goal of using metabolic imaging to inform the design of adaptive radiotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Chan
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Liam S P Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan T Oglesby
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aimee Theriault
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikki Campbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Ruschin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Keller
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brige Chugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pejman J Maralani
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg J Czarnota
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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MacKenzie S, Stenport AW. An Alternative History of the Arctic: The Origins of Ethnographic Filmmaking, the Fifth Thule Expedition, and Indigenous Cinema. Vis Anthropol Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/var.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cerqueira M, Millot S, Felix A, Silva T, Oliveira GA, Oliveira CCV, Rey S, MacKenzie S, Oliveira R. Cognitive appraisal in fish: stressor predictability modulates the physiological and neurobehavioural stress response in sea bass. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192922. [PMID: 32183629 PMCID: PMC7126027 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cognitive factors in triggering the stress response is well established in humans and mammals (aka cognitive appraisal theory) but very seldom studied in other vertebrate taxa. Predictability is a key factor of the cognitive evaluation of stimuli. In this study, we tested the effects of stressor predictability on behavioral, physiological and neuromolecular responses in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Groups of four fish were exposed to a predictable (signalled) or unpredictable (unsignalled) stressor. Stressor predictability elicited a lower behavioural response and reduced cortisol levels. Using the expression of immediate early genes (c-fos, egr-1, bdnf and npas4) as markers of neuronal activity, we monitored the activity of three sea bass brain regions known to be implicated in stressor appraisal: the dorsomedian telencephalon, Dm (putative homologue of the pallial amygdala); and the dorsal (Dld) and ventral (Dlv) subareas of the dorsolateral telencephalon (putative homologue of the hippocampus). The activity of both the Dm and Dlv significantly responded to stressor predictability, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role of these two brain regions in information processing related to stressor appraisal. These results indicate that stressor predictability plays a key role in the activation of the stress response in a teleost fish, hence highlighting the role of cognitive processes in fish stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cerqueira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - S. Millot
- Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, L'Houmeau, France
| | - A. Felix
- ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - G. A. Oliveira
- ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C. C. V. Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - S. Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - S. MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - R. Oliveira
- ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal
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Toh JWT, Lim SH, MacKenzie S, de Souza P, Bokey L, Chapuis P, Spring KJ. Association Between Microsatellite Instability Status and Peri-Operative Release of Circulating Tumour Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020425. [PMID: 32059485 PMCID: PMC7072224 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a marker of immunogenicity and is associated with an increased abundance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In this subgroup of colorectal cancer, it is unknown if these characteristics translate into a measurable difference in circulating tumour cell (CTC) release into peripheral circulation. This is the first study to compare MSI status with the prevalence of circulating CTCs in the peri-operative colorectal surgery setting. For this purpose, 20 patients who underwent CRC surgery with curative intent were enrolled in the study, and peripheral venous blood was collected at pre- (t1), intra- (t2), immediately post-operative (t3), and 14–16 h post-operative (t4) time points. Of these, one patient was excluded due to insufficient blood sample. CTCs were isolated from 19 patients using the IsofluxTM system, and the data were analysed using the STATA statistical package. CTC number was presented as the mean values, and comparisons were made using the Student t-test. There was a trend toward increased CTC presence in the MSI-high (H) CRC group, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, a Poisson regression was performed adjusting for stage (I-IV). This demonstrated no significant difference between the two MSI groups for pre-operative time point t1. However, time points t2, t3, and t4 were associated with increased CTC presence for MSI-H CRCs. In conclusion, there was a trend toward increased CTC release pre-, intra-, and post-operatively in MSI-H CRCs, but this was only statistically significant intra-operatively. When adjusting for stage, MSI-H was associated with an increase in CTC numbers intra-operatively and post-operatively, but not pre-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. T. Toh
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University and SWS Clinical School, UNSW Sydney 2170, NSW, Australia
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital and Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2137, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.W.T.T.); (K.J.S.); Tel.: +61-2-8738-9032 (K.J.S.)
| | - Stephanie H. Lim
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University and SWS Clinical School, UNSW Sydney 2170, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University and SWS Clinical School, UNSW Sydney 2170, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Les Bokey
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Pierre Chapuis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital and Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2137, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Spring
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute of Applied Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University and SWS Clinical School, UNSW Sydney 2170, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2170, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.W.T.T.); (K.J.S.); Tel.: +61-2-8738-9032 (K.J.S.)
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9
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Ribas L, Crespo B, Sánchez-Baizán N, Xavier D, Kuhl H, Rodríguez JM, Díaz N, Boltañá S, MacKenzie S, Morán F, Zanuy S, Gómez A, Piferrer F. Characterization of the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gonadal Transcriptome During Sexual Development. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2019; 21:359-373. [PMID: 30919121 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The European sea bass is one of the most important cultured fish in Europe and has a marked sexual growth dimorphism in favor of females. It is a gonochoristic species with polygenic sex determination, where a combination between still undifferentiated genetic factors and environmental temperature determines sex ratios. The molecular mechanisms responsible for gonadal sex differentiation are still unknown. Here, we sampled fish during the gonadal developmental period (110 to 350 days post fertilization, dpf), and performed a comprehensive transcriptomic study by using a species-specific microarray. This analysis uncovered sex-specific gonadal transcriptomic profiles at each stage of development, identifying larger number of differentially expressed genes in ovaries when compared to testis. The expression patterns of 54 reproduction-related genes were analyzed. We found that hsd17β10 is a reliable marker of early ovarian differentiation. Further, three genes, pdgfb, snx1, and nfy, not previously related to fish sex differentiation, were tightly associated with testis development in the sea bass. Regarding signaling pathways, lysine degradation, bladder cancer, and NOD-like receptor signaling were enriched for ovarian development while eight pathways including basal transcription factors and steroid biosynthesis were enriched for testis development. Analysis of the transcription factor abundance showed an earlier increase in females than in males. Our results show that, although many players in the sex differentiation pathways are conserved among species, there are peculiarities in gene expression worth exploring. The genes identified in this study illustrate the diversity of players involved in fish sex differentiation and can become potential biomarkers for the management of sex ratios in the European sea bass and perhaps other cultured species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ribas
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Crespo
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n. Torre la Sal, 12595, Castellón, Spain
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Sánchez-Baizán
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Kuhl
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Rodríguez
- Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Díaz
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Boltañá
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - S MacKenzie
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - F Morán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Zanuy
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n. Torre la Sal, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - A Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n. Torre la Sal, 12595, Castellón, Spain.
| | - F Piferrer
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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10
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Rey S, Ribas L, Morera Capdevila D, Callol A, Huntingford FA, Pilarczyk M, Kadri S, MacKenzie S. Differential responses to environmental challenge by common carp Cyprinus carpio highlight the importance of coping style in integrative physiology. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:1056-69. [PMID: 26762295 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Common carp Cyprinus carpio displaying proactive or reactive stress coping styles were acclimated to two environmental regimes (low oxygen and low temperature), and selected groups were tested for response to an inflammatory challenge (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Plasma glucose and lactate levels were measured, as were selected C. carpio-specific messenger (m)RNA transcript abundance, including cortisol receptor (CR), enolase (ENO), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) was measured in individual whole brain samples. Basal levels (in sham injected fish held in normoxic conditions at 25° C) of plasma lactate and glucose differed between coping styles, being significantly lower in proactive individuals. Both variables increased in response to LPS challenge, with the exception of plasma glucose in reactive fish held in hypoxia. Baseline levels of gene expression under control conditions were significantly different for GAPDH between behavioural phenotypes. The responses to experimental challenge were sometimes diametrically opposed between stress-coping styles in a transcript-specific manner. For CR and GAPDH, for example, the response to LPS injection in hypoxia were opposite between proactive and reactive animals. Proactive fish showed decreased CR and increased GAPDH, whereas reactive showed the opposite response. These results further highlight that screening for stress-coping styles prior to experiments in adaptive physiology can significantly affect the interpretation of data obtained. Further, this leads to a more finely tuned analytical output providing an improved understanding of variation in individual responses to both environmental and inflammatory challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rey
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire, FK9 4LA, U.K
| | - L Ribas
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar, Renewable Marine Resources Department, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Morera Capdevila
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain
| | - A Callol
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain
| | - F A Huntingford
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - M Pilarczyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture, Zaborze ul. Kalinowa2, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - S Kadri
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - S MacKenzie
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire, FK9 4LA, U.K
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11
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Jensen LB, Boltana S, Obach A, McGurk C, Waagbø R, MacKenzie S. Investigating the underlying mechanisms of temperature-related skin diseases in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., as measured by quantitative histology, skin transcriptomics and composition. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:977-992. [PMID: 25272336 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin integrity is recognized as of vital consideration for both animal welfare and final product quality of farmed fish. This study examines the effects of three different rearing temperatures (4, 10 and 16 °C) on the skin of healthy Atlantic salmon post-smolts. Changes in skin condition were assessed by the means of skin composition analyses, quantitative histology assessments and transcriptome analysis. Level of protein, vitamin C and vitamin E was significantly higher at 16 °C compared with 4 °C. Quantitative histology measurements showed that the epidermal thickness decreased from low to high temperature, whereas the epidermal area comprising mucous cells increased. The difference was only significant between 4 and 16 °C. Both high and low temperature exhibited significant changes in the skin transcriptome. A number of immune-related transcripts responded at both temperatures. Contrary to well-described immunosuppressive effects of low water temperature on systemic immunity, a subtle increase in skin-mediated immunity was observed, suggesting a pre-activation of the mucosal system at 4 °C. Upregulation of a number of heat-shock proteins correlating with a decrease in epidermal thickness suggested a stress response in the skin at high temperature. The results demonstrate distinctive temperature-related effects on the skin of Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Jensen
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S Boltana
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - A Obach
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - C McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Stavanger, Norway
| | - R Waagbø
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - S MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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12
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Spring K, Lim S, Descallar J, Ng W, Chua W, de Souza P, Bokey L, MacKenzie S. P-300 Circulating tumour cell release in the peri-operative setting during curative colorectal cancer surgery. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Neish CD, Barnes JW, Sotin C, MacKenzie S, Soderblom JM, Le Mouélic S, Kirk RL, Stiles BW, Malaska MJ, Le Gall A, Brown RH, Baines KH, Buratti B, Clark RN, Nicholson PD. Spectral properties of Titan's impact craters imply chemical weathering of its surface. Geophys Res Lett 2015; 42:3746-3754. [PMID: 27656006 PMCID: PMC5012121 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl063824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the spectral properties of a selection of Titan's impact craters that represent a range of degradation states. The most degraded craters have rims and ejecta blankets with spectral characteristics that suggest that they are more enriched in water ice than the rims and ejecta blankets of the freshest craters on Titan. The progression is consistent with the chemical weathering of Titan's surface. We propose an evolutionary sequence such that Titan's craters expose an intimate mixture of water ice and organic materials, and chemical weathering by methane rainfall removes the soluble organic materials, leaving the insoluble organics and water ice behind. These observations support the idea that fluvial processes are active in Titan's equatorial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Neish
- Department of Physics and Space SciencesFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
| | - J. W. Barnes
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - C. Sotin
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - S. MacKenzie
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - J. M. Soderblom
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - S. Le Mouélic
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, LPGNantes, CNRS UMR 6112, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | - R. L. Kirk
- United States Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science CenterFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - B. W. Stiles
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. J. Malaska
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - A. Le Gall
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS)Université de Versailles Saint‐QuentinParisFrance
| | - R. H. Brown
- Lunar and Planetary LaboratoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - K. H. Baines
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - B. Buratti
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - R. N. Clark
- United States Geological SurveyDenverColoradoUSA
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14
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Lim S, Spring K, de Souza P, MacKenzie S, Bokey L. Circulating tumour cells and circulating nucleic acids as a measure of tumour dissemination in non-metastatic colorectal cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 41:309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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15
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Callol A, Roher N, Amaro C, MacKenzie S. Characterization of PAMP/PRR interactions in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) macrophage-like primary cell cultures. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:1216-1223. [PMID: 23911651 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The eel (Anguilla anguilla) has been identified as a vulnerable species with stocks dramatically declining over the past decade. In an effort to support the species from overfishing of wild stocks increased interest in eel aquaculture has been notable. In order to expand the scarce knowledge concerning the biology of this species significant research efforts are required in several fields of biology. The development of cell culture systems to study the immune response is a key step towards an increased understanding of the immune response and to develop resources to support further study in this threatened species. Macrophages are one of the most important effector cells of the innate immune system. The capacity to engulf pathogens and orchestrate the immune response relies on the existence of different surface receptors, such as scavenger receptors and toll-like receptors. We have developed and described an eel macrophage-like in vitro model and studied its functional and transcriptomic responses. Macrophage-like cells from both head kidney and purified peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained and phagocytic activity measured for different whole bacteria and yeast. Moreover, based on PAMP-PRR association the innate immune response of both head kidney and PBL derived macrophage-like cells was evaluated against different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Results highlight that peptidoglycan stimulation strongly induces inflammatory mRNA expression reflected in the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes IL1β and IL18 in PBL derived cells whereas IL8 is upregulated in head kidney derived cells. Furthermore TLR2 mRNA abundance is regulated by all stimuli supporting a multifunctional role for this pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) in eel macrophage-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Callol
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Kane D, MacKenzie S, Jensen R, Watts P. Effects of Stroke Resistance on Rowing Economy in Club Rowers Post-Season. Int J Sports Med 2012; 34:131-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Kane
- Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - S. MacKenzie
- Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - R. Jensen
- Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Marquette, United States
| | - P. Watts
- Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Marquette, United States
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17
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Platts D, Brown M, Javorsky G, Scalia G, MacKenzie S. Smart Phone and Tablet PC Use by the Medical Profession—A Vital Clinical Tool or a Dangerous Distraction? “SMart Phone Utilisation for Rational Fact Finding”. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Platts D, Brown M, MacKenzie S, Maddicks-Law J, Lucas M, Bliss V, Javorsky G. The Role of Native Heart Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Mauri I, Roher N, MacKenzie S, Romero A, Manchado M, Balasch JC, Béjar J, Alvarez MC, Tort L. Molecular cloning and characterization of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) complement component C3. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2011; 30:1310-1322. [PMID: 21421056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the complete C3 cDNA sequence of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and its molecular characterization with a descriptive analysis of their structural elements. We obtained one sequence for Gilthead seabream (gsbC3) which encodes a predicted protein of 1656 amino acids, and two sequences for European seabass (esbC3_1 and esbC3_2) which encode two predicted proteins of 1654 and 1587 amino acids respectively. All sequences present the characteristic structural features of C3 but interestingly esbC3_2 lacks the anaphylotoxin domain and the cysteine residue responsible for thiolester bond formation. Moreover, we have detected and quantified (by real-time PCR-based absolute quantification) specific isoform expression in European seabass depending on pathogen and density conditions in vivo. In addition, we have analyzed the tissue distribution pattern of European seabass and Gilthead seabream C3 genes under crowding stress and under pathological challenges in vivo, and we have observed that crowding and infection status provoke changes in expression levels, tissue expression pattern and C3 isoform expression balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mauri
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, O8193 Cerdanyola, Catalunya, Spain.
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20
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Livingston T, Rich K, MacKenzie S, Godkin JD. Glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme expression of in vivo matured sheep oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 116:265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Doñate C, Roher N, Balasch JC, Ribas L, Goetz FW, Planas JV, Tort L, MacKenzie S. CD83 expression in sea bream macrophages is a marker for the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2007; 23:877-85. [PMID: 17521923 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CD83, a cell surface membrane glycoprotein member of the Ig superfamily which is commonly used as standard surface marker for dendritic cells, was cloned from gilthead sea bream macrophages using degenerate primers against conserved motifs of known CD83 sequences. The obtained cDNA contains an open reading frame of 669 nucleotides that translate into a 222 amino acid putative peptide. The deduced protein sequence shows conservation of features shared by vertebrate CD83 and multiple alignment with fish CD83 sequences reveals high homology. In cultured sea bream macrophages CD83 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in a dose- and time-dependent fashion after stimulation with Escherichia coli LPS. These results indicate that in fish, macrophages express high levels of CD83 mRNA after LPS exposure and CD83 is therefore a good marker for activated mature myeloid cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Doñate
- Unitat de Fisiología Animal, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiología i d'Immunologia, Facultat de Ciencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Cooper CA, Shayeghi M, Techau ME, Capdevila DM, MacKenzie S, Durrant C, Bury NR. Analysis of the rainbow trout solute carrier 11 family reveals iron import < or = pH 7.4 and a functional isoform lacking transmembrane domains 11 and 12. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2599-604. [PMID: 17509573 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system was used to characterise iron transport properties of two members of the solute carrier 11 (slc11) protein family isolated from rainbow trout gills. One cDNA clone differed from the trout Slc11alpha containing an additional 52bp in the exon between transmembrane domains (TM) 10 and 11. The 52bp contained a stop codon, resulting in a novel isoform lacking the last two TM (termed slc11gamma). Slc11gamma and another isoform slc11beta, import Fe(2+) at external pHs < or = to 7.4. Trout slc11beta Fe(2+) import was more sensitive to inhibition by divalent metals. The novel vertebrate slc11gamma isoform functions without TM11 and 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences Research Division, King's College London, London, UK.
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23
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Acerete L, Balasch JC, Castellana B, Redruello B, Roher N, Canario AV, Planas JV, MacKenzie S, Tort L. Cloning of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Differential expression of GR and immune genes in gilthead seabream after an immune challenge. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 148:32-43. [PMID: 17544309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the cortisol response after an immune challenge in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a cortisol receptor (GR) was cloned, sequenced and its expression determined after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. To clone the gilthead seabream GR (sbGR), consecutive PCR amplifications and screening of a pituitary cDNA library were performed. We obtained a clone of 4586 bp encoding a 784aa protein. Northern blot analysis from head kidney, heart and intestine revealed that the full length sbGR mRNA was approximately 6.5 Kb. A LPS treatment, used as an acute stress model, was employed to characterise the expression of sbGR and some selected genes involved in the immune response (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, Mx protein, cathepsin D and PPAR-gamma). All genes were expressed in all tissues examined and responses were tissue and time dependent revealing differential gene expression profiles after LPS administration. Furthermore, analysis of plasma cortisol levels after LPS injection, showed an acute response to inflammatory stress with a significant increase two and six h after injection, recovering to basal levels 12 h post-stress in all LPS concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Acerete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Ciències, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Béïque F, Ali M, MacKenzie S, Hynes M. Reply. Can J Anaesth 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03022019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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McCall P, Story DA, Karapillai D, Béïque F, Ali M, Hynes M, MacKenzie S, Denault A, Martineau A, MacAdams C, Sawchuk C, Hirsch K, Lampa M, Murphy P, Honos G, Munt B, Sanfilippo A, Duke P. Errata. Can J Anaesth 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03021596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Béïque F, Ali M, Hynes M, MacKenzie S, Denault A, Martineau A, MacAdams C, Sawchuk C, Hirsch K, Lampa M, Murphy P, Honos G, Munt B, Sanfilippo A, Duke P. Canadian guidelines for training in adult perioperative transesophageal echocardiography. Recommendations of the Cardiovascular Section of the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Can J Cardiol 2006; 22:1015-27. [PMID: 17036096 PMCID: PMC2568962 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(06)70317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish Canadian guidelines for training in adult perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). METHODS Guidelines were established by the Canadian Perioperative Echocardiography Group with the support of the cardiovascular section of the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society in conjunction with the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Guidelines for training in echocardiography by the American Society of Echocardiography, the American College of Cardiology and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists were reviewed, modified and expanded to produce the 2003 Quebec expert consensus for training in perioperative echocardiography. The Quebec expert consensus and the 2005 guidelines for the provision of echocardiography in Canada formed the basis of the Canadian training guidelines in adult perioperative TEE. RESULTS Basic, advanced and director levels of expertise were identified. The total number of echocardiographic examinations to achieve each level of expertise remains unchanged from the 2002 American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists guidelines. The increased proportion of examinations personally performed at basic and advanced levels, as well as the level of autonomy at the basic level suggested by the Quebec expert consensus are retained. These examinations may be performed in a perioperative setting and are not limited to intraoperative TEE. Training 'on-the-job', the role of the perioperative TEE examination, the requirements for maintenance of competence and the duration of training are also discussed for each level of training. The components of a TEE report and comprehensive TEE examination are also outlined. CONCLUSION The Canadian guidelines for training in adult perioperative TEE reflect the unique Canadian practice profile in perioperative TEE and address the training requirements to obtain expertise in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Béïque
- Department of Anesthesia, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
- Correspondence: Dr François Béïque, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2. Telephone 514-340-8222 ext 5701, fax 514-340-8108, e-mail
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston
| | - Mark Hynes
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - André Denault
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care Division, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal
| | - André Martineau
- Department of Anesthesia, Quebec Heart Institute/Laval Hospital, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec
| | - Charles MacAdams
- Department of Anesthesia, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Corey Sawchuk
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Kristine Hirsch
- Department of Anesthesia, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Martin Lampa
- Department of Anesthesia, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Patricia Murphy
- Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Georges Honos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Bradley Munt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, St Paul’s Hospital and Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Anthony Sanfilippo
- Department of Medicine, Kingston General Hospital Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
| | - Peter Duke
- Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Béïque F, Ali M, Hynes M, MacKenzie S, Denault A, Martineau A, MacAdams C, Sawchuk C, Hirsch K, Lampa M, Murphy P, Honos G, Munt B, Sanfilippo A, Duke P. Canadian guidelines for training in adult perioperative transesophageal echocardiographyRecommendations of the Cardiovascular Section of the Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Can J Anaesth 2006; 53:1044-60. [PMID: 16987861 DOI: 10.1007/bf03022535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish Canadian guidelines for training in adult perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). METHODS Guidelines were established by the Canadian Perioperative Echocardiography Group with the support of the cardiovascular section of the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS) in conjunction with the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Guidelines for training in echocardiography by the American Society of Echocardiography, the American College of Cardiology and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists were reviewed, modified and expanded to produce the 2003 Quebec expert consensus for training in perioperative echocardiography. The Quebec expert consensus and the 2005 Guidelines for the provision of echocardiography in Canada formed the basis of the Canadian training guidelines in adult perioperative TEE. RESULTS Basic, advanced and director levels of expertise were identified. The total number of echocardiographic examinations to achieve each level of expertise remains unchanged from the 2002 American Society of Echocardiography-Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists guidelines. The increased proportion of examinations personally performed at basic and advanced levels, and the level of autonomy at the basic level suggested by the Quebec expert consensus are retained. These examinations can be performed in a perioperative setting and are not limited to intraoperative TEE. Training "on the job", the role of the perioperative transesophageal echocardiography examination, requirements for maintenance of competence, and duration of training are also discussed for each level of training. The components of a TEE report and comprehensive TEE examination are also outlined. CONCLUSION The Canadian guidelines for training in adult perioperative TEE reflect the unique Canadian practice profile in perioperative TEE and address the training requirements to obtain expertise in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Béïque
- SMBD Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
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MacKenzie S, Iliev D, Liarte C, Koskinen H, Planas JV, Goetz FW, Mölsä H, Krasnov A, Tort L. Transcriptional analysis of LPS-stimulated activation of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte/macrophage cells in primary culture treated with cortisol. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:1340-8. [PMID: 16239032 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune responses to pathogen invasion are mediated by the innate immune system in which tissue macrophages play a key role. During infectious processes glucocorticoids generally may function to dampen inflammatory responses. In this study, the ability of cortisol to directly modulate the transcriptional response of rainbow trout macrophages to the cellular activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. The results indicate that cortisol significantly inhibits the well-described LPS-dependent induction of the expression of TNF-alpha2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In order to further characterize the molecular effects of LPS and the immunomodulatory role of cortisol, the in vitro macrophage response to LPS in the absence or presence of 12-h cortisol exposure was analyzed utilizing a salmonid-specific microarray platform. Genes that were stimulated or inhibited with LPS plus cortisol fell into several major functional groups. The first, a general "response" group comprising genes within ontology classes including the response to external stimuli, stress, humoral immunity and apoptosis, exhibited a significant increase after LPS stimulation, whereas suppression of this response was observed in the presence of cortisol. LPS stimulated other genes in a second group involved in cell signalling and also genes in a third group involved in the activation of transcription. Categories activated with cortisol were mainly related to various aspects of metabolism (including protein biosynthesis, binding and transport of ions) and structural proteins (mainly cytoskeleton and microtubules). The immunomodulatory action of cortisol on LPS-stimulated macrophages therefore appears more complex than simply the antagonism of LPS-induced transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MacKenzie
- Unitat de Fisiologia Animal, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultat de Ciencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Albalat A, Liarte C, MacKenzie S, Tort L, Planas JV, Navarro I. Control of adipose tissue lipid metabolism by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Endocrinol 2005; 184:527-34. [PMID: 15749811 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.05940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is a cytokine with multiple biological functions which, in mammals, has been shown to modulate muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. In fish, TNF alpha has been identified in several species. However, few studies have examined the role of TNF alpha in fish outside the immune system. In this study, we assessed the effects of human recombinant TNF alpha and conditioned media from rainbow trout lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (LPS-MCM) on lipolysis in isolated rainbow trout adipocytes. Furthermore, we studied the effects of an LPS injection in vivo on lipid metabolism. In our study, human recombinant TNF alpha stimulated lipolysis in trout adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Similarly, LPS-MCM stimulated lipolysis in trout adipocytes when compared with control conditioned medium. Experiments using specific inhibitors of the MAP kinase pathway showed that p44/42 and p38 are partially involved in the lipolytic effects of TNF alpha. On the other hand, adipocytes from LPS-injected rainbow trout showed higher basal lipolysis than adipocytes from control fish after 24 h, while this effect was not seen at 72 h. Furthermore, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue of LPS-injected fish was lower than in the controls at 24 h. These data suggest that TNF alpha plays an important role in the control of lipid metabolism in rainbow trout by stimulating lipolysis in vitro and in vivo and by down-regulating LPL activity of adipose tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albalat
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Vella M, MacKenzie S, Young IE, Molloy RG, O'Dwyer PJ. Impact of video colonoscopy on stage and outcome of patients with symptomatic colorectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2004; 18:1268-71. [PMID: 15164279 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-9125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-contrast barium enema still is regarded by many as the investigation of choice for patients with large bowel symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the stage and outcome of patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed by video colonoscopy (VC) and barium enema (BE) in a single institution. METHODS Between July 1997 and December 2001, data were gathered prospectively in a series of 489 patients presenting consecutively with symptomatic colorectal cancer. Selection of patients for either VC or BE investigation was made by the clinician who examined the patient in the clinic. Of the 489 patients, 82 were excluded because they presented acutely or other methods were used for the diagnosis. RESULTS A diagnosis of colorectal cancer was determined by VC for 292 patients and by BE for 115 patients. The patients in both groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and site of disease. Stage 1 disease (T1/2NO) was diagnosed for 87 (29.8%) patients in the VC group, as compared with 10 (8.7%) in the BE group (p < 0.0001). Early colorectal cancer (T1) was diagnosed for 43 patients in the VC group as compared to 1 patient in the BE group (p < 0.0001). During a median follow-up period of 33 months, 8.2% of the patients in the VC group had experienced recurrence after curative resection, as compared with 17.4% of the patients in the BE group p = 0.018). Freedom from disease (p = 0.02) and overall survival (p = 0.03) were significantly increased in the VC group. CONCLUSIONS Videocolonoscopy used as the investigation of choice for patients with large bowel symptoms detects colorectal cancer at an earlier stage and has a significant impact on the outcome for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vella
- University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, G11 6NT, Glasgow, UK.
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Livingston T, MacKenzie S, Edwards L, Godkin J. 242GLUTATHIONE CONTENT AND EXPRESSION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME
MRNAS IN SHEEP OOCYTES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv16n1ab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of embryo metabolism;; however, oxidative injury may negatively impact development if ROS production exeeds antioxidant defense mechanisms. Protection of the embryo against ROS is dependent, in part, upon the pool of antioxidant enzyme mRNA and products stored in the oocyte. Previous work has demonstrated that retinol administration to superovulated ewes, followed by natural service, resulted in embryos with improved competence to develop in vitro. In other cell systems, retinoids have been shown to participate in the antioxidant network and redox system. The objectives of this study were to analyze glutathione content and characterize antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in mature ovine oocytes and test the hypothesis that retinol administration affects levels of these products. Ewes were superovulated and administered retinol on the first and last day of FSH injection. Oocytes were collected from oviducts 60h later and either prepared for glutathione (GSH) analysis or subjected to RNA isolation. Glutathione was quantified by the recycling assay of the enzyme 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-glutathione reductase using a total of more than 260 oocytes. Transcripts encoding for manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione synthetase (GS) and glutathione transferase pi (GSTp) were analyzed in a total of 86 single oocytes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using a histone H2a transcript as the internal control. Chi-square analysis was performed to detect differences due to treatments. Glutathione content did not differ significantly between oocytes collected from retinol-treated (6.78±3.81pmol/oocyte) and control (6.38±1.58pmol/oocyte) ewes. Transcripts encoding for Mn-SOD, Cu-Zn SOD, GS and GSTp were detected in greater than 95% of the oocytes analyzed. Relative abundance of these transcripts did not differ between treatments. For the first time, glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression has been analyzed in in vivo-matured sheep oocytes. Retinol treatment did not appear to affect the expression of these products. Results demonstrate the existence of endogenous antioxidant defense products, stored as mRNA and protein, in sheep oocytes.
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MacKenzie S, Norrie J, Vella M, Drummond I, Walker A, Molloy R, Galloway DJ, O'Dwyer PJ. Randomized clinical trial comparing consultant-led or open access investigation for large bowel symptoms. Br J Surg 2003; 90:941-7. [PMID: 12905545 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Referral of patients with large bowel symptoms is common and increasing. Currently most of these referrals are assessed at an outpatient clinic to determine the need and priority for investigation. METHODS Over 21 months, 1131 patients referred by the general practitioner with large bowel symptoms were randomized. Patients in the consultant-led group were assessed by surgeons with a colorectal interest while those in the open access group underwent colonoscopy if they were 55 years or older and flexible sigmoidoscopy if younger. RESULTS The most common symptom among referred patients was rectal bleeding (69.1 per cent) followed by change in bowel habit (48.8 per cent) and abdominal pain (32.3 per cent). There was a significant trend (P < 0.001) for patients in the consultant-led to have more investigations, and more patients in this group had no investigations (P < 0.001). Despite this, the percentage of patients with colonic or other pathology diagnosed was the same in both groups, 63.6 per cent in the consultant-led group compared with 61.8 per cent in the open access group (P = 0.558). Likewise the percentage of patients with cancer or other significant pathology was similar in both groups (13.9 versus 15.4 per cent; P = 0.532). The mean(s.d.) time to diagnose cancer or other significant pathology was 55.1(39.2) days in the consultant-led group compared with 57.4(33.6) days in the open access group (P = 0.514). The cost per patient was almost pound 105 more for patients in the consultant-led group. CONCLUSION Patients referred by the general practitioner with large bowel symptoms should go directly to a properly managed and staffed open access large bowel investigation unit. This would enable most patients to have their investigations completed at one hospital attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MacKenzie
- University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary and Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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MacKenzie S. Coders today: where they work, what they earn. J AHIMA 2003; 74:20-7. [PMID: 12891792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Abstract
Approximately 10% of patients with hypertension have a high ratio of aldosterone to renin, but the reason for this and the relationships among low-renin essential hypertension, elevation of the ratio, and true primary aldosteronism are unclear. We have previously reported that a polymorphism of the gene (C-to-T conversion at position -344) encoding aldosterone synthase is associated with hypertension, particularly in patients with a high ratio. However, the most consistent association with this variant is a relative impairment of adrenal 11beta-hydroxylation. In this review, we propose that altered conversion of deoxycortisol to cortisol leads to a subtle, chronic increase in adrenocortrophin drive to the adrenal cortex, with eventual development of hyperplasia. In combination with other genetic or environmental factors (such as dietary sodium intake), we suggest that this might be responsible for the long-term development of a resetting of the aldosterone response to angiotensin II, giving rise to the phenotype of hypertension with a raised ratio. In some subjects, this may progress further to true primary aldosteronism with a dominant adrenal nodule. Thus, there may be a genetically influenced continuum from hypertension with a normal ratio, through hypertension with a raised ratio, and primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M C Connell
- MRC Blood Pressure Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
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MacKenzie S, Saila S, Shappy R. Additions and Corrections-Correlation of Computed Overlap Integrals with Exalted n-π*Transitions. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01047a619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MacKenzie S, Cutler CP, Hazon N, Cramb G. The effects of dietary sodium loading on the activity and expression of Na, K-ATPase in the rectal gland of the European dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 131:185-200. [PMID: 11818240 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
cDNA fragments of both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the Na, K-ATPase and a cDNA fragment of the secretory form of Na-K-Cl cotransporter from the European dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) were amplified and cloned using degenerate primers in RT-PCR. These clones were used along with a sCFTR cDNA from the related dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias to characterise the expression of mRNAs for these ion transporters in the dogfish rectal gland subsequent to an acute feeding episode. Following a single feeding event where starved dogfish were fed squid portions (20 g squid/kg fish), there was a delayed and transient 40-fold increase in the activity of Na, K-ATPase in crude rectal gland homogenates. Increases in enzyme activity were apparent 3 h after the feeding event and peaked at 9 h before returning to control values within 24 h. These increases in activity were accompanied by small and transient decreases in plasma sodium and chloride concentrations lasting up to 3 days. Significant increases in the expression of mRNAs for alpha- and beta-subunits of the Na, K-ATPase, the Na-K-Cl cotransporter and CFTR chloride channel were detected but not until 1-2 days after the feeding event. It is concluded that the transient increase in Na, K-ATPase activity is not attributable to increases in the abundance of alpha- and beta-subunit mRNAs but must be associated with some, as yet unknown, post-transcriptional activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MacKenzie
- Unitat de Fisiologia Animal, Dept. de Biol. Cellular, Fisiologia i d'lmmunologia Facultat de Ciències. Edifici C. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 08913 Bellaterra, (Barcelona), Spain
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MacKenzie S, Vaitkevicius H, Lockette W. Sequencing and characterization of the human thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (SLC12A3) gene promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:991-1000. [PMID: 11352650 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter SLC12A3 displays expression restricted to distal convoluted tubule cells where it catalyzes the uptake of sodium and chloride through the apical membrane. We sequenced 1959 bp of the 5' flanking region of human SLC12A3, located the area of transcription initiation, and used deletion constructs of the flanking region to determine areas that affect reporter gene expression in two cell lines, MDCT and CHO. Amplification of the 5' end of SLC12A3 cDNA from an adapter-ligated human kidney cDNA library demonstrated that transcription initiation is confined to an area from -18 to -6 bp upstream of the translation start codon. Maximum promoter activity (9.815 +/- 0.864 times control) was observed in MDCT cells using a promoter containing 1019 bp of the 5' flanking region. A promoter containing only 134 bp of the 5' flanking region upstream of the translation initiation codon maintained reporter gene expression at levels equal to 75% of that maximally observed (7.375 +/- 0.533 times control). Sequence analysis of this minimal promoter responsible for most of the SLC12A3 promoter activity revealed a TATA element, two Sp binding sites, a potential E box, and a potential binding site for NF-1/CTF or NY-I/CP-I. This promoter, and all other promoter constructs from SLC12A3, displayed repressor activity in CHO cells. A construct containing sequence 94 bp upstream of the initiation codon with two potential Sp binding sites was required for this repression. Protein-DNA interactions between the 182 bp region immediately upstream of the start codon and the nuclear proteins from rat kidney cortex and HeLa cells were examined to further clarify the role of the putative binding sites for SLC12A3 expression. Physiological studies investigating the effects of osmolarity, pH, and mineralocorticoid steroid on promoter activity demonstrated that the promoter activity was repressed by acidification, whereas no effects of increased osmolarity or deoxycorticosterone acetate addition were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MacKenzie
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Buxadé M, Ramírez-Alvarado M, Fernández-Troy N, MacKenzie S, Casaroli-Marano RP, Vilella R, Espel E. Integrating signals from T-cell receptor and serum by T cells enhance translation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Immunology 2001; 102:416-25. [PMID: 11328375 PMCID: PMC1783203 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by several cell types, including T cells upon antigen stimulation. Its production is crucial for the development of an early defence against many pathogens, but its beneficial effects are dependent on the strength and duration of its expression. In this paper we present evidence indicating that serum increases translational efficiency of TNF-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with superantigen. The increase in translation of TNF-alpha due to serum could be inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, suggesting that PI 3-K is involved in the translational control of TNF-alpha by serum. Similarly to primary T cells, stimulation of Jurkat T cells with superantigen led to TNF-alpha secretion and this was up-regulated by serum. Transfection of Jurkat cells with a constitutively active form of PI 3-Kalpha increased the production of TNF-alpha in cells stimulated with superantigen. Additionally, we used the specific inhibitors targeting ERK kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), potentially downstream of PI 3-kinase, PD98059 and SB203580. Differently from with PI 3-K inhibitors, the accumulation of TNF-alpha mRNA was inhibited by PD98059 or SB203580. These results suggest that, in T cells, activation of PI 3-K is an important step in controlling TNF-alpha protein synthesis in response to growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buxadé
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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MacKenzie S. High-throughput interpretation of pathways and biology. Drug News Perspect 2001; 14:54-7. [PMID: 12819809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The genomics revolution is opening many diverse pathways in science. In the midst of the tidal wave of information being generated by the new "omics" disciplines, bioinformatics is meeting the challenge to decipher and organize the data mountain. The endeavor to integrate diverse biological data into a common vocabulary will be an essential part of the "biotechnological age" leading to a new understanding of complex biological systems. This potential promises to revolutionize medicine as knowledge is translated into novel therapies. The Integrated Bioinformatics meeting held in Zurich January 2426, 2001, provided an insight into the cutting edge of bioinformatics and its central role in the genomics revolution. The evolution of bioinformatics will act as a guide in 21st century biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MacKenzie
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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McDonough JL, Labugger R, Pickett W, Tse MY, MacKenzie S, Pang SC, Atar D, Ropchan G, Van Eyk JE. Cardiac troponin I is modified in the myocardium of bypass patients. Circulation 2001; 103:58-64. [PMID: 11136686 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective proteolysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a proposed mechanism of contractile dysfunction in stunned myocardium, and the presence of cTnI degradation products in serum may reflect the functional state of the remaining viable myocardium. However, recent swine and canine studies have not demonstrated stunning-dependent cTnI degradation. METHODS AND RESULTS To address the universality of cTnI modification, myocardial biopsy samples were obtained from coronary artery bypass patients (n=37) before and 10 minutes after removal of cross-clamp. Analysis of biopsy samples for cTnI by Western blotting revealed a spectrum of modified cTnI products in myocardium both before and after cross-clamp, including degradation products (7 products resulting from differential N- and C-terminal processing) and covalent complexes (3 products). In particular, a 22-kDa cTnI degradation product with C-terminal proteolysis was identified, which may represent an initial ischemia-dependent cTnI modification, similar to cTnI(1-193) observed in stunned rat myocardium. Although no systematic change in amount of modified cTnI was observed, subgroups of patients displayed an increase (n=10, 85+/-5% of cTnI remaining intact before cross-clamp versus 75+/-5% after) or a decrease (n=12, 67+/-5% before versus 78+/-5% after). Electron microscopy demonstrated normal ultrastructure in biopsy samples, which suggests no necrosis was present. In addition, cTnI modification products were observed in serum through a modified SDS-PAGE methodology. CONCLUSIONS cTnI modification, in particular proteolysis, occurs in myocardium of bypass patients and may play a key role in stunning in some bypass patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L McDonough
- Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
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MacDonald P, MacKenzie S, Ramage LE, Seckl JR, Brown RW. Corticosteroid regulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium-channel subunit mRNA expression in mouse kidney. J Endocrinol 2000; 165:25-37. [PMID: 10750033 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1650025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid control of distal nephron sodium handling, particularly through the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC), has a key role in blood pressure regulation. The mechanisms regulating ENaC activity remain unclear. Despite the generation of useful mouse models of disorders of electrolyte balance and blood pressure, there has been little study of distal nephron sodium handling in this species. To investigate how corticosteroids regulate ENaC activity we isolated cDNA for the three mouse ENaC subunits (alpha, beta and gamma), enabling their quantitation by competitive PCR and in situ hybridisation. Kidneys were analysed from mice 6 days after adrenalectomy or placement of osmotic mini-pumps delivering aldosterone (50 microg/kg per day), dexamethasone (100 microg/kg per day), spironolactone (20 mg/kg per day) or vehicle alone (controls). In controls, renal ENaCalpha mRNA exceeded beta or gamma by approximately 1.75- to 2.8-fold. All subunit mRNAs were expressed in renal cortex and outer medulla, where the pattern of expression was fully consistent with localisation in collecting duct, whereas the distribution in cortex suggested expression extended beyond the collecting duct into adjacent distal tubule. Subunit mRNA expression decreased from cortex to outer medulla, with a gradual reduction in beta and gamma, and ENaCalpha decreased sharply ( approximately 50%) across the outer medulla. Expression of ENaCbeta and gamma (but not alpha) extended into inner medulla, suggesting the potential for inner medulla collecting duct cation channels in which at least ENaCbetagamma participate. Aldosterone significantly increased ENaC subunit expression; the other treatments had little effect. Aldosterone caused a 1.9- to 3.5-fold increase in ENaCalpha (particularly marked in outer medullary collecting duct), but changes for beta and gamma were minor and limited to the cortex. The results raise the possibility that medullary ENaCalpha upregulation by aldosterone will create more favourable subunit stoichiometry leading to a more substantial increase in ENaC activity. In cortex, such a mechanism is unlikely to have a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P MacDonald
- Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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