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Kamal N, Jeerakathil T, Stang J, Liu M, Rogers E, Smith EE, Demchuk AM, Siddiqui M, Mann B, Bestard J, Lang E, Shand E, Benard M, Collins L, Martin K, Hartley C, Reiber M, Valaire S, Mrklas KJ, Hill MD, Allen D, Anderson B, Angelstand J, Anokye E, Antymniuk C, Arsenault N, Ashman B, Baker K, Bakker J, Balenga D, Berg M, Berry LA, Betzner M, Black L, Blain D, Boutilier T, Brady J, Lynn Brewster S, Brown P, Buchynski K, Bugbee E, Bullard M, Burke D, Burnett C, Butcher K, Cackett P, Canham H, Chiovetti A, Chivers L, Cobb C, Cote M, Coutts S, Currie D, Eric Daniels J, Desouza N, Diebert M, Dixon T, Dotchin J, Duckett S, Dustow V, Dwyer R, Dymond M, Edmond C, Eesa M, Elias N, Elliott T, Empson S, Falls L, Forder M, Foreman R, Forsythe D, Fortier T, Fowler L, Franklin S, Garland J, Garon C, Gerl D, Ghauri I, Gough S, Mark KG, Mary-Lou Halabi G, Halldorson S, Harsch J, Hatcher C, Hebner K, Hemsley R, Holloway D, Holman D, Holsworth S, Holton S, Hull G, Hyciek B, Ibach R, Imoukhuede O, Jeal B, Jill D, Johnson M, Jones O, Kabaroff A, Kalashyan H, Kay F, Kaytor P, Keppy T, King P, Kiszszak S, Klick R, Koshurba E, Kruhlak R, Lacasse J, Lane M, Laughs T, Laut-Barss L, Lavalee P, Leclair T, Linden P, Linderman T, Livingstone J, Lodder M, Lundgard K, Lyle E, Mackenzie K, Malarczuk A, Malfair D, Malone J, Manosalva Alzate H, McCann K, McCarthy S, McKenzie M, McRobert L, Meroniuk D, Millar R, Miller R, Mir B, Montpetit J, Morissette J, Morrison L, Murray-Galbraith F, Mydeen F, Namagiri L, Neidig N, Neil G, Newcommon N, Newell C, Nichol C, Norris C, Norton D, Noseworthy S, O’Hara L, O’Neail S, Orr W, Panes E, Panes T, Paradis J, Parry T, Peacock D, Peebles T, Petersen S, Phelps I, Pooley R, Potvin N, Pryor R, Ramsahoye M, Rashead M, Reedyk K, Reynolds D, Rideout S, Rimmer K, Salih E, San Agustin P, Sandbeck D, Sattar S, Sauter N, Schmidt K, Seib E, Selzler J, Sevcik B, Sharman D, Shuaib A, Smith D, Snider B, Snider J, Stander J, Stephenson C, Stewart C, Stoyberg C, Suranyi Y, Tablin M, Taralson C, Throndson J, Traverse K, van der Nest D, Van Mulligan T, Van Vuuren C, Vanderlinde E, Vilneff R, Volk G, Wall K, Wang DJ(T, Warharft D, Watson J, Weir L, Weiss D, Welch D, Winder T, Winsor W, Woudstra D, Youn D, Young L, Zerna C. Provincial Door-to-Needle Improvement Initiative Results in Improved Patient Outcomes Across an Entire Population. Stroke 2020; 51:2339-2346. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
Improving door-to-needle times (DNTs) for thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke patients improves outcomes, but participation in DNT improvement initiatives has been mostly limited to larger, academic medical centers with an existing interest in stroke quality improvement. It is not known whether quality improvement initiatives can improve DNT at a population level, including smaller community hospitals. This study aims to determine the effect of a provincial improvement collaborative intervention on improvement of DNT and patient outcomes.
Methods:
A pre post cohort study was conducted over 10 years in the Canadian province of Alberta with 17 designated stroke centers. All ischemic stroke patients who received thrombolysis in the Canadian province of Alberta were included in the study. The quality improvement intervention was an improvement collaborative that involved creation of interdisciplinary teams from each stroke center, participation in 3 workshops and closing celebration, site visits, webinars, and data audit and feedback.
Results:
Two thousand four hundred eighty-eight ischemic stroke patients received thrombolysis in the pre- and postintervention periods (630 in the post period). The mean age was 71 years (SD, 14.6 years), and 46% were women. DNTs were reduced from a median of 70.0 minutes (interquartile range, 51–93) to 39.0 minutes (interquartile range, 27–58) for patients treated per guideline (
P
<0.0001). The percentage of patients discharged home from acute care increased from 45.6% to 59.5% (
P
<0.0001); the median 90-day home time increased from 43.3 days (interquartile range, 27.3–55.8) to 53.6 days (interquartile range, 36.8–64.6) (
P
=0.0015); and the in-hospital mortality decreased from 14.5% to 10.5% (
P
=0.0990).
Conclusions:
The improvement collaborative was likely the key contributing factor in reducing DNTs and improving outcomes for ischemic stroke patients across Alberta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Kamal
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (N.K.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., E.E.S., A.M.D., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Jeerakathil
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.J., M.S.)
| | - Jillian Stang
- Data Analytics, Alberta Health Services, Canada (J.S., M.L.)
| | - Mingfu Liu
- Data Analytics, Alberta Health Services, Canada (J.S., M.L.)
| | - Edwin Rogers
- Strategic Management Branch, Government of Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada (E.R.)
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., E.E.S., A.M.D., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences (E.E.S., K.J.M., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Demchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., E.E.S., A.M.D., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology (A.M.D., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muzaffar Siddiqui
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (T.J., M.S.)
- Grey Nuns Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (M.S.)
| | - Balraj Mann
- Cardiovascular Health and Stroke, Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada (B.M., S.V.)
| | | | - Eddy Lang
- Department of Emergency Medicine (E.L.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elaine Shand
- Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre, Alberta, Canada (J.B., E.S.)
| | | | - Lisa Collins
- North Zone, Alberta Health Services, Cold Lake, Canada (L.C.)
| | - Kevin Martin
- Chinook Regional Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada (K.M., C.H.)
| | - Corinna Hartley
- Chinook Regional Hospital, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada (K.M., C.H.)
| | - Marnie Reiber
- Lloydminster Hospital, Lloydminster, Alberta/Saskatchewan, Canada (M.R.)
| | - Shelley Valaire
- Cardiovascular Health and Stroke, Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada (B.M., S.V.)
| | - Kelly J. Mrklas
- Department of Community Health Sciences (E.E.S., K.J.M., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- System Innovation and Programs, Strategic Clinical Networks, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada (K.J.M.)
| | - Michael D. Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (N.K., E.E.S., A.M.D., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences (E.E.S., K.J.M., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology (A.M.D., M.D.H.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Berry M, Burrell F, Chapman R, Gough S, Ewings S, Thackray D. Simulation-based training can improve on-call physiotherapists’ clinical reasoning abilities and self-reported competency. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Gough S, Yohannes A, Murray J. The integrated simulation and technology enhanced learning (ISETL) framework: facilitating robust design, implementation, evaluation and research in healthcare. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Grunberger G, Forst T, Fernández Landó L, Pechtner V, Shaginian R, Jia N, Gough S. Early fasting glucose measurements can predict later glycaemic response to once weekly dulaglutide. Diabet Med 2016; 33:391-4. [PMID: 26179454 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether early measures of fasting blood glucose predict later glycaemic response with once-weekly dulaglutide in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Post hoc analyses were conducted separately for two phase 3 studies (AWARD-5 and AWARD-1) in patients assigned to once-weekly dulaglutide. Week 2 fasting blood glucose was used as a predictor variable, and glycaemic treatment response was defined by HbA1c response based on a composite efficacy endpoint. The association between fasting blood glucose and the glycaemic response was analysed using chi-square tests. RESULTS There was a strong association between fasting blood glucose < 7.9 mmol/l at week 2 and achieving the HbA1c composite efficacy endpoint at week 26 (P < 0.01). Higher fasting blood glucose at week 2, however, did not predict absence of glycaemic response and requires further assessment. CONCLUSIONS Fasting blood glucose measured at 2 weeks may be an early and useful predictor of glycaemic response to once-weekly dulaglutide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grunberger
- Grunberger Diabetes Institute, Bloomfield Hills, MI, USA
| | - T Forst
- Profil Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - V Pechtner
- Eli Lilly and Company, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - R Shaginian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Houten, The Netherlands
| | - N Jia
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Kaiser M, Gough S, Woo V, Rodbard H, Linjawi S, Poulsen P, Korsholm L, Bode B. IDegLira bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes: Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit nach 1 Jahr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Blüher M, Rodbard H, Woo V, Vilsbøll T, Korsholm L, Gough S. Einfluss des Body Mass Index auf HbA1c-Reduktion, Hypoglykämieraten und Insulinbedarf unter IDegLira bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Forst T, Gough S, Grunberger G, Pechtner V, Shaginian R, Wang H, Fernandez L. The 2 week fasting blood glucose (FBG) level as a predictor of HbA1c treatment response (HbA1c-TR) to once weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Lüdemann J, Holst J, Gough S, Rodbard H, Woo V, Linjawi S, Poulsen P, Damgaard L, Bode B. Verbesserte postprandiale Blutzuckereinstellung bei Typ 2 Diabetes mit einer Fikombination von Insulin degludec und Liraglutid: Ergebnisse eines Mahlzeitentests. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Rendle DI, Litchfield E, Gough S, Cowling A, Hughes KJ. The effects of sample handling and N-phenylmaleimide on concentration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in equine plasma. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:587-91. [PMID: 24980684 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Previous reports suggest that adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) degrades rapidly, limiting its use as a diagnostic test. OBJECTIVES This study quantified effects of processing delays on ACTH concentrations and investigated the addition of N-phenylmaleimide (maleimide), a protease inhibitor, as a means of reducing ACTH degradation. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Venous blood was collected from 8 healthy horses and 8 horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) with a range of ACTH concentrations. Baseline ACTH concentrations were established immediately using a chemiluminescent assay. Plasma samples were then: 1) centrifuged immediately, 2) centrifuged immediately with the addition of maleimide, or 3) allowed to separate by gravity followed by the addition of maleimide, before all samples were stored at 22°C and analysed at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post collection. A linear mixed effects model and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS No significant effect of plasma treatment (P = 0.1) on change in ACTH concentration was identified. However, significant effects of horse health status (P < 0.001) and time (P < 0.001) on change in ACTH concentration were identified. No significant interactions were found. Significant decreases in ACTH concentration occurred in horses with PPID between 4 and 8 h after blood collection. In non-PPID horses, the decrease in ACTH concentration over time was not significant. Agreement with baseline values decreased over time and was greater for non-PPID horses than for PPID horses. CONCLUSIONS Clinically useful results are still obtained if ACTH concentration is measured up to 48 h after sample collection. Allowing samples to separate by gravity rather than centrifugation did not have a significant effect on ACTH concentration, and the addition of maleimide was of no benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Rendle
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Litchfield
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Gough
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Cowling
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K J Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Armstrong S, Woodgate R, Gough S, Heller J, Sangster N, Hughes K. The efficacy of ivermectin, pyrantel and fenbendazole against Parascaris equorum infection in foals on farms in Australia. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:575-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Schumm-Draeger PM, Roadbard H, Gough S, Garber A, Colagiuri S, Rasmussen S, Wilhelm B. Niedrigere Hypoglykämieraten insgesamt und nächtlich mit Insulin degludec vs. Insulin glargin bei Behandlungsintensivierung von Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes mit mittelmäßiger Ausgangs-Blutzuckereinstellung (HbA1c 7,5 - 8,5%): eine Metaanalyse. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Zinman B, Gough S, Pratley RE, Buse J, Rendschmidt T. Die Wirkung von Liraglutid, Exenatid und Sitagliptin auf den zusammengesetzten Endpunkt von Blutzuckereinstellung und Gewichtsreduktion. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Gough S, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Davidson J, Scott D, Lüthgens B. Nierenfunktionsstörungen beeinträchtigen bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes nicht die glykämische Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Behandlung mit Liraglutid. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Zinman B, Schmidt WE, Moses A, Lund N, Gough S. Achieving a clinically relevant composite outcome of an HbA1c of <7% without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the liraglutide clinical trial programme. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:77-82. [PMID: 21883806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Effective type 2 diabetes management requires a multifactorial approach extending beyond glycaemic control. Clinical practice guidelines suggest targets for HbA1c, blood pressure and lipids, and emphasize weight reduction and avoiding hypoglycaemia. The phase 3 clinical trial programme for liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, showed significant improvements in HbA1c and weight with a low risk of hypoglycaemia compared to other diabetes therapies. In this context, we performed a meta-analysis of data from these trials evaluating the proportion of patients achieving a clinically relevant composite measure of diabetes control consisting of an HbA1c <7% without weight gain or hypoglycaemia. METHODS A prespecified meta-analysis was performed on 26-week patient-level data from seven trials (N = 4625) evaluating liraglutide with commonly used therapies for type 2 diabetes: glimepiride, rosiglitazone, glargine, exenatide, sitagliptin or placebo, adjusting for baseline HbA1c and weight, for a composite outcome of HbA1c <7.0%, no weight gain and no hypoglycaemic events. RESULTS At 26 weeks, 40% of the liraglutide 1.8 mg group, 32% of the liraglutide 1.2 mg group and 6-25% of comparators (6% rosiglitazone, 8% glimepiride, 15% glargine, 25% exenatide, 11% sitagliptin, 8% placebo) achieved this composite outcome. Odds ratios favoured liraglutide 1.8 mg by 2.0- to 10.5-fold over comparators. CONCLUSIONS As assessed by the composite outcome of HbA1c <7%, no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain, liraglutide was clearly superior to the other commonly used therapies. However, the long-term clinical impact of this observation remains to be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zinman
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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15
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Armstrong MJ, Houlihan DD, Gough S, Newsome PN, Kretzschmar Y. Auswirkung einer 2-jährigen Liraglutid-Behandlung auf bestehende Fettlebererkrankungen bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes: Auswertung der LEAD-2-Verlängerungsstudie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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18
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Gough S. The Diabetic Foot. Medical and Surgical Management. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2002.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Fodje MN, Hansson A, Hansson M, Olsen JG, Gough S, Willows RD, Al-Karadaghi S. Interplay between an AAA module and an integrin I domain may regulate the function of magnesium chelatase. J Mol Biol 2001; 311:111-22. [PMID: 11469861 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In chlorophyll biosynthesis, insertion of Mg(2+) into protoporphyrin IX is catalysed in an ATP-dependent reaction by a three-subunit (BchI, BchD and BchH) enzyme magnesium chelatase. In this work we present the three-dimensional structure of the ATP-binding subunit BchI. The structure has been solved by the multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion method and refined at 2.1 A resolution to the crystallographic R-factor of 22.2 % (R(free)=24.5 %). It belongs to the chaperone-like "ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities" (AAA) family of ATPases, with a novel arrangement of domains: the C-terminal helical domain is located behind the nucleotide-binding site, while in other known AAA module structures it is located on the top. Examination by electron microscopy of BchI solutions in the presence of ATP demonstrated that BchI, like other AAA proteins, forms oligomeric ring structures. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of subunit BchD revealed an AAA module at the N-terminal portion of the sequence and an integrin I domain at the C terminus. An acidic, proline-rich region linking these two domains is suggested to contribute to the association of BchI and BchD by binding to a positively charged cleft at the surface of the nucleotide-binding domain of BchI. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of BchI and BchH revealed integrin I domain-binding sequence motifs. These are proposed to bind the integrin I domain of BchD during the functional cycle of magnesium chelatase, linking porphyrin metallation by BchH to ATP hydrolysis by BchI. An integrin I domain and an acidic and proline-rich region have been identified in subunit CobT of cobalt chelatase, clearly demonstrating its homology to BchD. These findings, for the first time, provide an insight into the subunit organisation of magnesium chelatase and the homologous colbalt chelatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Fodje
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
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21
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Morris CM, Haataja L, McDonald M, Gough S, Markie D, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. The small GTPase RAC3 gene is located within chromosome band 17q25.3 outside and telomeric of a region commonly deleted in breast and ovarian tumours. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 89:18-23. [PMID: 10894930 DOI: 10.1159/000015583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The closely related small GTP-binding proteins Rac1, Rac2, and Rac3 are part of a larger Rho subfamily of Ras proteins. Because disruption of Ras signaling pathways is relevant to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of cancers, it is important to clearly define the structural and functional characteristics of the participating proteins and their encoding genes. Rho subfamily members are involved in a range of signal transduction pathways relevant to cell growth, differentiation, motility, and stress, and Rac proteins are now recognised as a necessary component of Ras-mediated cellular transformation. We previously mapped RAC3 to chromosome band 17q23--> q25, a region that contains a number of candidate tumour suppressor genes. Because of its oncogenic potential, we have now further refined the location of this gene. Here we confirm that RAC3 maps to chromosome band 17q25.3 and further show that it maps some distance telomeric of a well-characterised minimal breast and ovarian candidate tumour suppressor gene region, BROV. The genomic structure of RAC3, including exon and intron boundaries, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Morris
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Lehnert K, Ni J, Leung E, Gough S, Morris CM, Liu D, Wang SX, Langley R, Krissansen GW. The integrin alpha10 subunit: expression pattern, partial gene structure, and chromosomal localization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 87:238-44. [PMID: 10702680 DOI: 10.1159/000015434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the cloning of cDNAs and incompletely processed hnRNAs from endothelia and heart that encode the alpha10 subunit forming part of the novel collagen type II-binding integrin alpha10beta1 of chondrocytes. Analysis of hnRNA clones and reported expressed sequence tags revealed the positions of 17 putative intron-exon splice junctions shared with those of the p150,95 (ITGAX) gene. Human alpha10 transcripts of 5.4 and 1.8 kb were not restricted to chondrocytes but, instead, were widely expressed in a panel of 24 tissue types, where the highest expression was found in muscle and heart. The human alpha10 subunit gene (ITGA10) was localized to band q21 of chromosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lehnert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Berg RW, Leung E, Gough S, Morris C, Yao WP, Wang SX, Ni J, Krissansen GW. Cloning and characterization of a novel beta integrin-related cDNA coding for the protein TIED ("ten beta integrin EGF-like repeat domains") that maps to chromosome band 13q33: A divergent stand-alone integrin stalk structure. Genomics 1999; 56:169-78. [PMID: 10051402 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the cDNA sequence of a novel human gene, ITGBL1, encoding a beta integrin-related protein termed TIED [for ten beta integrin epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat domains]. Overlapping cDNA clones from fetal lung, HUVEC, and osteoblast cDNA libraries encode a sequence comprising a typical signal peptide, followed by a hydrophilic 471-amino-acid domain containing 10 tandem EGF-like repeats strikingly similar to those found in the cysteine-rich "stalk-like" structure of integrin beta subunits. The EGF-like repeats of TIED and beta integrins are unique in that they alternate in homology and possess two additional cysteines (eight in total) whose positions differ from those in the other eight-cysteine EGF-like domains of laminin, fibrillin, and the latent TGF-beta binding proteins. TIED mRNA transcripts of 2.8 kb were detected in aorta, thymus, and osteogenic sarcoma cells. The ITGBL1 gene was mapped to human chromosome 13, band 13q33. We suggest that ITGBL1 may be linked in some way with the evolution of the integrin beta subunits.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Epidermal Growth Factor
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Integrins/chemistry
- Integrins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Berg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Love G, Gough S, Brady D, Barron N, Nigam P, Singh D, Marchant R, McHale AP. Continuous ethanol fermentation at 45 °C using Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 immobilized in Calcium alginate and kissiris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00008982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gough S, Flynn O, Hack CJ, Marchant R. Fermentation of molasses using a thermotolerant yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3: simplex optimisation of media supplements. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 46:187-90. [PMID: 8987649 DOI: 10.1007/s002530050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of molasses as a substrate for ethanol production by the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus was investigated at 45 degrees C. A maximum ethanol concentration of 7.4% (v/v) was produced from unsupplemented molasses at a concentration of 23% (v/v). The effect on ethanol production of increasing the sucrose concentration in 23% (v/v) molasses was determined. Increased sucrose concentration had a similar detrimental effect on the final ethanol produced as the increase in molasses concentration. This indicated that the effect may be due to increased osmotic activity as opposed to other components in the molasses. The optimum concentration of the supplements nitrogen, magnesium, potassium and fatty acid for maximum ethanol production rate was determined using the Nelder and Mead (Computer J 7:308-313, 1965) simplex optimisation method. The optimum concentration of the supplements were 0.576 g1(-1) magnesium sulphate, 0.288 g1(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.36% (v/v) linseed oil. Added nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulphate did not affect the ethanol production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gough
- Biotechnology Research Group, School of Applied Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonberry, Northern Ireland.
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Aoki M, Koranyi L, Riggs AC, Wasson J, Chiu KC, Vaxillaire M, Froguel P, Gough S, Liu L, Donis-Keller H. Identification of trinucleotide repeat-containing genes in human pancreatic islets. Diabetes 1996; 45:157-64. [PMID: 8549859 DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the search for diabetes genes, the combined approaches of positional cloning with random markers and subsequent evaluation of candidate genes mapping to areas of interest will be increasingly used. For islet candidate genes of unknown function, expressed trinucleotide (triplet) repeats represent a unique subset. It is unlikely that abnormal expansion of expressed islet triplet repeats would be a major cause of diabetes, yet the triplet repeats are frequently polymorphic and can thus be used to map the genes in the human genome. In this study, a human islet cDNA library was screened with (CGG)7 and (CAG)7, and 23 triplet repeats were isolated. Sequencing revealed four known and six novel islet genes containing 4-15 triplet repeats. The four known cDNAs included ferritin, the major iron-binding protein in cells; HSGSA2R, a full-length clone of the alpha-subunit of the G-regulatory protein; HUMSATB1A, a DNA-binding protein expressed predominantly in thymus; and HUMPPA-PRO, a ribosomal protein. The triplet repeats in ferritin and HUMPPAPRO were found to be monomorphic. Characterization of the six unique novel expressed islet triplet cDNAs revealed that they were 0.6-1.5 kb in size, contained 4-15 triplet repeats, and were expressed in islets and all other tissues examined. Four of the novel clones, CGG-isl 10, CGG-isl 11, CAG-isl 6, and CAG-isl 7, were mapped to human chromosomes 19, 16, 12, and 3, respectively, via somatic cell hybrids. One islet cDNA, CAG-isl 7, contained a repeat that was highly polymorphic, with 14 alleles (4-18 triplets) in African-Americans (heterozygosity = 0.86) and 6 alleles (heterozygosity = 0.77) in whites. Northern analysis indicated that the mRNA was abundant in pancreatic islets. A putative full-length clone contained an open reading frame encoding 213 amino acids with a variable number of alanines (4-18) within the COOH-terminal. The gene was uniquely mapped with odds > 1,000:1 on chromosome 3p in Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain pedigrees. There were no differences in CAG-isl 7 allele frequencies between African-American patients with NIDDM (n = 108) and control subjects (n = 116), nor was expansion above 18 repeats noted. Linkage analysis in 14 nonglucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young pedigrees showed a cumulative logarithm of odds score of -33.19 at theta = 0.00. Abnormal expansion was not observed in 20 IDDM patients with one NIDDM parent. While these data suggest no major role for CAG-isl 7 in diabetes, at least four of the six novel islet triplet genes are coexpressed in pancreatic islets and neural tissue, and these genes can now be considered as candidates for diabetes and/or neuropsychiatric diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Linkage
- Humans
- Islets of Langerhans/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Trinucleotide Repeats
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Von Wettstein
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Von Wettstein
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Chaudhry B, Müller-Uri F, Cameron-Mills V, Gough S, Simpson D, Skriver K, Mundy J. The barley 60 kDa jasmonate-induced protein (JIP60) is a novel ribosome-inactivating protein. Plant J 1994; 6:815-24. [PMID: 7849755 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6060815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminal region of a 60 kDa, jasmonate-induced protein of barley leaves (JIP60) is shown to be homologous to the catalytic domains of plant ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP). Western blotting of leaf extracts and in vitro reconstitution experiments indicate that JIP60 is synthesized as a precursor which is processed in vivo. This is in keeping with in vitro translation experiments indicating that a deletion derivative of the N-terminal region, but not the putative precursor, strongly inhibits protein synthesis on reticulocyte ribosomes. The inhibition of ribosome function is associated with depurination of 26S rRNA, characteristic of plant RIPs. This indicates that JIP60 is a novel ribosome-inactivating protein requiring at least two processing events for full activation. JIP60 derivatives do not significantly inhibit in vitro protein synthesis on wheat germ ribosomes. These and other results suggest that JIP60 may be involved in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chaudhry
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Carlsberg Laboratory, Valby, Denmark
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Gough S. Low molecular weight heparin. BMJ 1991; 303:784. [PMID: 1657259 PMCID: PMC1671030 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.303.6805.784-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gough S. Quality assurance in dietetics: a criteria audit study. Aust Clin Rev 1989; 8:207-10. [PMID: 2719601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gough
- Graylands Hospital, Western Australia
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Abstract
In the course of our studies on transfer RNA involvement in chlorophyll biosynthesis, we have determined the structure of chloroplast glutamate tRNA species. Barley chloroplasts contain in addition to a tRNA(Glu) species at least two other glutamate-accepting tRNAs. We now show that the sequences of these tRNAs differ significantly: they are differentially modified forms of tRNA(Gln) (as judged by their UUG anticodon). These mischarged Glu-tRNA(Gln) species can be converted in crude chloroplast extracts to Gln-tRNA(Gln). This reaction requires a specific amidotransferase and glutamine or asparagine as amide donors. Aminoacylation studies show that chloroplasts, plant and animal mitochondria, as well as cyanobacteria, lack any detectable glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase activity. Therefore, the requirement for glutamine in protein synthesis in these cells and organelles is provided by the conversion of glutamate attached to an 'incorrectly' charged tRNA. A similar situation has been described for several species of Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, it appears that the occurrence of this pathway of Gln-tRNA(Gln) formation is widespread among organisms and is a function conserved during evolution. These findings raise questions about the origin of organelles and about the evolution of the mechanisms maintaining accuracy in protein biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schön
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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Hoober JK, Kahn A, Ash DE, Gough S, Kannangara CG. Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greening barley leaves. IX. Structure of the substrate, mode of gabaculine inhibition, and the catalytic mechanism of glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Carlsberg Res Commun 1988; 53:11-25. [PMID: 3256306 DOI: 10.1007/bf02908411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutamic acid 1-semialdehyde hydrochloride was synthesized and purified. Its prior structural characterization was extended and confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemical analyses. In aqueous solution at pH 1 to 2 glutamic acid 1-semialdehyde exists in a stable hydrated form, but at pH 8.0 it has a half-life of 3 to 4 min. Spontaneous degradation of the material at pH 8.0 generated some undefined condensation products, but coincidentally a significant amount isomerized to 5-aminolevulinate. At pH 6.8 to 7.0, glutamate 1-semialdehyde is sufficiently stable to permit routine and reproducible assay for glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase activity. Only about 20% of the enzyme extracted from chloroplasts was sensitive to inactivation by gabaculine with no pretreatment. However, when the enzyme was exposed to 5-aminolevulinate, levulinate or 4,5-dioxovalerate in the absence of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, it was completely inactivated by gabaculine; 4,6-dioxoheptanoate had no effect on the enzyme. These results lead to the hypothesis that the aminotransferase exists in the chloroplast in a complex with pyridoxamine phosphate, which must be converted to the pyridoxal form before it can form a stable adduct with gabaculine. We propose that the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glutamate 1-semialdehyde to 5-aminolevulinate via 4,5-diaminovalerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hoober
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Schön A, Krupp G, Gough S, Berry-Lowe S, Kannangara CG, Söll D. The RNA required in the first step of chlorophyll biosynthesis is a chloroplast glutamate tRNA. Nature 1986; 322:281-4. [PMID: 3637637 DOI: 10.1038/322281a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A molecule of chlorophyll is synthesized from eight molecules of delta-aminolevulinate (DALA), the universal precursor of porphyrins. The light-regulated conversion of glutamate to delta-aminolevulinate in the stroma of greening plastids involves the reduction of glutamate to glutamate-1-semialdehyde and its subsequent transamination. The components performing this conversion have been isolated from barley and Chlamydomonas and separated into three fractions by serial affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose and haem- or chlorophyllin-Sepharose. The complete reaction can be performed in vitro in a reconstituted assay by combining all three fractions. An RNA is the essential component of the chlorophyllin-Sepharose-bound fraction. By nucleotide sequence analysis, we have now identified this RNA as a chloroplast glutamate acceptor RNA. Glutamate attached by an aminoacyl bond to the 3'-terminal adenosine of this RNA is a substrate for the enzyme(s) which perform the subsequent reactions. This reaction represents a novel role for transfer RNA: participation in the metabolic conversion of its cognate amino acid into another metabolite of low relative molecular mass which subsequently is not used in peptide bond synthesis.
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Abstract
Barley seedlings homozygous both for the xantha-1(35) and tigrina-d(12) mutation accumulate magnesium protopophyrins and other precursors of chlorophyllide constitutively in darkness. The homozygous double mutant xantha-f(10), tigrina-O(34) produces protoporphyrin constitutively. These results provide evidence for the control of chlorophyllide synthesis in higher plants through the products of regulatory genes in the nucleus.
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