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Rashid S, Singh N, Rashid S, Das P, Gupta S, Chauhan SS, Sati HC, Dash NR, Sharma A, Dey S, Saraya A. Clinical significance of MUC-4 and associated proteins in Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancers. Pancreas 2024:00006676-990000000-00152. [PMID: 38696350 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study primarily aimed to assess the expression of MUC-4 in patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as compared with controls and assess its clinical relevance. METHODS Serum MUC-4 levels and MUC-4 gene expression in snap-frozen tissue were analyzed through Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and quantitative PCR respectively. Tumor tissues and control tissues were analyzed for MUC-4 and other mucins through IHC. RESULT MUC-4 expression in tumor tissue was found to be significantly elevated in PDAC patients as compared to chronic pancreatitis (CP) tissues and normal pancreatic tissues. Periampullary carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma tissue also showed increased expression of MUC-4 and other mucins. CONCLUSION Differential expression of MUC-4 in pancreatic tumor tissues can help to differentiate PDAC from benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Rashid
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Safoora Rashid
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Hem Chandra Sati
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Department of GI Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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Singh N, Khan IA, Rashid S, Rashid S, Roy S, Kaushik K, Kumar A, Das P, Lalwani S, Gupta D, Gunjan D, Dash NR, Chauhan SS, Gupta S, Saraya A. MicroRNA Signatures for Pancreatic Cancer and Chronic Pancreatitis: Expression Profiling by NGS. Pancreas 2024; 53:e260-e267. [PMID: 38345909 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease due to the lack of early detection. Because chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients are a high-risk group for pancreatic cancer, this study aimed to assess the differential miRNA profile in pancreatic tissue of patients with CP and pancreatic cancer. METHODS MiRNAs were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissue of 22 PDAC patients, 18 CP patients, and 10 normal pancreatic tissues from autopsy (C) cases and processed for next-generation sequencing. Known and novel miRNAs were identified and analyzed for differential miRNA expression, target prediction, and pathway enrichment between groups. RESULTS Among the miRNAs identified, 166 known and 17 novel miRNAs were found exclusively in PDAC tissues, while 106 known and 10 novel miRNAs were found specifically in CP tissues. The pathways targeted by PDAC-specific miRNAs and differentially expressed miRNAs between PDAC versus CP tissues and PDAC versus control tissues were the proteoglycans pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, adherens junction, and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study resulted in a set of exclusive and differentially expressed miRNAs in PDAC and CP can be assessed for their diagnostic value. In addition, studying the role of miRNA-target gene interactions in carcinogenesis may open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Imteyaz Ahmad Khan
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Safoora Rashid
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Sumaira Rashid
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Shikha Roy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- ICMR AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre
| | | | | | - Dinesh Gupta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- From the Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
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Kadian LK, Verma D, Lohani N, Yadav R, Ranga S, Gulshan G, Pal S, Kumari K, Chauhan SS. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer: multifaceted roles and potential targets for immunotherapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1. [PMID: 38413478 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates mainly due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression in human cancer, functioning through various mechanisms including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and indirectly regulating miRNA expression. LncRNAs have been found to have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in cancer, with the former promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and poor prognosis. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs are expressed in various immune cells and are involved in cancer cell immune escape and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus highlighting their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Targeting lncRNAs in cancer or immune cells could enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. However, further research is required to fully understand the functional roles of lncRNAs in cancer and the immune system and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in human cancers, with a focus on their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion, we provide insights into the diverse therapeutic applications of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Kadian
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Dept of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Deepika Verma
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neelam Lohani
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Gulshan Gulshan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanghapriya Pal
- Dept of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Dept of Forensic Science, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Rashid S, Rashid S, Das P, Singh N, Dash NR, Nayak B, Sati HC, Chauhan SS, Gupta S, Saraya A. Clinical significance of Notch pathway-associated microRNA-107 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37199277 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aim: MicroRNAs associated with the Notch pathway play a critical role in the progression of pancreatic carcinoma. Our aim was to study the clinical significance of miR-107 and NOTCH2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: The circulating miR-107 levels in PDAC and controls were determined by qPCR. NOTCH2 protein (target) expression in tissue of PDAC, periampullary carcinoma, chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The circulating miR-107 levels were found to be significantly reduced in PDAC as compared with controls. Additionally, NOTCH2 protein expression was higher in PDAC tissue as compared with controls and was clinically associated with metastasis. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the utility of circulating miR-107 as a potential differentiating marker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Rashid
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sumaira Rashid
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nihar R Dash
- Department of GI Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Hem C Sati
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Machawal J, Kharbanda OP, Duggal R, Chauhan SS, Samrit VD. Quantitative Evaluation of Pentraxin-3 in Peri-Miniscrew Implant Crevicular Fluid in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e36060. [PMID: 37056546 PMCID: PMC10091742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the levels of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF) before and after orthodontic force application Material and Methods: This study included 40 miniscrew implants (MSI) sites in 11 orthodontic patients with high arch discrepancy requiring first premolar extraction using maximum anchorage mechanics for the retraction of anterior teeth. After alignment, the en-masse anterior retraction was carried out using the MSI-supported direct anchorage method. PMICF was collected from the crevice of MSI using Periopaper strips 1.2µl (Oraflow Inc. USA) after one hour, 24 hours, and three weeks of MSI insertion and after one hour, 24 hours, seven days, three weeks, and six weeks of the force application. Samples were quantitatively analyzed for PTX3 levels through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The trend in the change of PTX3 levels was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The mean concentration of PTX3 immediately after MSI insertion was 1.19 ng/ml, significantly higher than after 3 weeks after MSI insertion (0.72 ng/ml), which may correspond to the baseline. After loading, the mean PTX3 concentration increased significantly with the peak at 24 hrs (1.28 ng/ml), followed by a gradual decline till the completion of the study (0.5 ng/ml). CONCLUSION After MSI insertion, a rise in PTX3 levels in PMICF suggests an underlying inflammatory process. The slow decline in PTX3 level and return to the baseline after loading suggests an adaptive bone response to the stimulus.
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Pethusamy K, Seethy A, Dhar R, Karmakar A, Chaudhary S, Bakhshi S, Palanichamy JK, Chopra A, Chauhan SS, Karmakar S. Loss of TET2 with reduced genomic 5-hmC is associated with adverse-risk AML. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3426-3432. [PMID: 36165590 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While considerable information exists on the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) mutational landscape in AML, the information on TET2 expression is limiting. So, we aimed to study the TET2 expression at mRNA and protein levels in AML patients compared to healthy controls. To achieve this, we recruited 70 non-M3, de novo AML patients and 20 healthy controls. The expression of TET2 was checked at mRNA and protein levels by qPCR and ELISA respectively and the TET activity was checked by the 5-hmC assay. TET2 mRNA expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival. We found a significant downregulation of TET2 mRNA and protein and significantly lower DNA 5-hmC levels in AML patients compared to controls. TET2 downregulation was more in patients with high blast counts and patients of the adverse-risk ELN category. We also found a significant upregulation of DNMT1 and DNMT3a suggesting a hypermethylation phenotype in de novo AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhibroto Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anita Chopra
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hasan R, Srivastava G, Alyass A, Sharma R, Saraya A, Chattopadhyay TK, DattaGupta S, Walfish PG, Chauhan SS, Ralhan R. Prediction of recurrence free survival for esophageal cancer patients using a protein signature based risk model. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1020-1032. [PMID: 36128326 PMCID: PMC9477219 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers to predict the risk of disease recurrence in Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients are urgently needed to improve treatment. We developed proteins expression-based risk model to predict recurrence free survival for ESCC patients. METHODS Alterations in Wnt pathway components expression and subcellular localization were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 80 ESCCs, 61 esophageal dysplastic and 47 normal tissues; correlated with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome over 86 months by survival analysis. Significant prognostic factors were identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Biomarker signature score based on cytoplasmic β-catenin, nuclear c-Myc, nuclear DVL and membrane α-catenin was associated with recurrence free survival [Hazard ratio = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.05, 1.17), p < 0.001, C-index = 0.68] and added significant prognostic value over clinical parameters (p < 0.001). The inclusion of Slug further improved prognostic utility (p < 0.001, C-index = 0.71). Biomarker Signature Scoreslug improved risk classification abilities for clinical outcomes at 3 years, accurately predicting recurrence in 79% patients in 1 year and 97% in 3 years in high risk group; 73% patients within low risk group did not have recurrence in 1 year, with AUC of 0.76. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive risk model predictive for recurrence allowed us to determine the robustness of our biomarker panel in stratification of ESCC patients at high or low risk of disease recurrence; high risk patients are stratified for more rigorous personalized treatment while the low risk patients may be spared from harmful side effects of toxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghibul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Srivastava
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akram Alyass
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinu Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univesity, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar K. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddartha DattaGupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Paul G. Walfish
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Kadian LK, Arora M, Prasad CP, Pramanik R, Chauhan SS. Signaling pathways and their potential therapeutic utility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1014-1032. [PMID: 34990001 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a complex gastrointestinal malignancy with an extremely poor outcome. Approximately 80% of cases of this malignancy in Asian countries including India are of squamous cell origin, termed Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC).The five-year survival rate in ESCC patients is less than 20%. Neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgical resection remains the major therapeutic strategy for patients with operable ESCC. However, resistance to NACRT and local recurrence after initial treatment are the leading cause of dismal outcomes in these patients. Therefore, an alternative strategy to promote response to the therapy and reduce the post-operative disease recurrence is highly needed. At the molecular level, wide variations have been observed in tumor characteristics among different populations, nevertheless, several common molecular features have been identified which orchestrate disease progression and clinical outcome in the malignancy. Therefore, determination of candidate molecular pathways for targeted therapy remains the mainstream idea of focus in ESCC research. In this review, we have discussed the key signaling pathways associated with ESCC, i.e., Notch, Wnt, and Nrf2 pathways, and their crosstalk during disease progression. We further discuss the recent developments of novel agents to target these pathways in the context of targeted cancer therapy. In-depth research of the signaling pathways, gene signatures, and a combinatorial approach may help in discovering targeted therapy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - C P Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Lone M, Shadang M, Akhter Q, Kumar M, Mallick S, Gogia A, Nilima N, Chauhan SS, Mir RA. The Expression of the RUVBL1 Component of the R2TP Complex Correlates with Poor Prognosis in DLBCL. Pathobiology 2022; 89:146-156. [PMID: 35078195 DOI: 10.1159/000520723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 30% of adult NHL worldwide and 50% in developing countries like India. DNA damage and Myc-induced transformation are well-known contributing factors towards development of DLBCL. A recently identified HSP90 co-chaperone complex R2TP has been shown to contribute towards DNA damage and Myc-induced transformation. This study aimed to analyse the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of R2TP complex components RUVBL1, PIH1D1, and RPAP3 in DLBCL patients and correlate with prognosis. METHODS DLBCL (n = 54) histological slides were retrieved from archives, and detailed histomorphological and clinical features were noted. IHC staining of R2TP complex components RUVBL1, PIH1D1, and RPAP3 was performed on 54 cases (FFPE) of DLBCL. Expression data were correlated with survival and clinical features. RESULTS Out of the 54 DLBCL cases, 59.26% (n = 32) stained positive for RUVBL1. The RUVBL1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in both progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.0146) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0328). The expression was positively correlated with bone marrow involvement (p = 0.0525). The expression of PIH1D1 was observed in 68.51% (n = 32) of DLBCL cases, and positive correlation was observed with international prognostic index score (p = 0.0246); however, no correlation was observed with PFS or OS. Finally, RPAP3 was found immunopositive in only 1 case of DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS Immunopositivity for RUVBL1 is associated with poor prognosis along with a higher relapse rate amongst the DLBCL patients. PIH1D1 immunopositivity correlated with a higher IPI score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moien Lone
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahaiwon Shadang
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Qulsum Akhter
- Government College for Women, Nawakadal, Srinagar, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Saumyaranjan Mallick
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nilima Nilima
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Riyaz A Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sood A, Mishra D, Kharbanda OP, Chauhan SS, Gupta SD, Deo SSV, Yadav R, Ralhan R, Kumawat R, Kaur H. Role of S100 A7 as a diagnostic biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:166-172. [PMID: 35968185 PMCID: PMC9364636 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_402_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S100 proteins have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different human cancers and in oral dysplasia, as they are keratinocytes. Materials and Methods In the present study, we have attempted to compare the expression of S100-A7 within young-onset (age ≤45 years, Group 1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), OSCC in older age groups (age >45 years Group 2), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs, Group 3) and inflammatory lesions (Group 4). The tissue sections were scored based on the percentage of immunostained cells and staining intensity. Nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane immunoreactivity were also scored. Results The present study comprised 153 histopathologically diagnosed case subjects of OSCC >45 years (n = 41), OSCC <45 years (n = 36), OPMD (n = 40) and inflammatory lesions (n = 36). The present study revealed a statistically significant difference of distribution with regard to S100A7 staining (cytoplasmic and nuclear) between OPMDs and OSCC (P < 0.05). The nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane staining as well as the staining intensity had significantly different scoring patterns among the OSCC group, OPMD group and the inflammatory lesions with the OSCC group having the highest scoring of the S100A7 staining (irrespective of the age). Conclusions The present study concludes that S100A7 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between OPMDs and OSCC lesions. However, the marker is unable to distinguish between OSCCs in younger and older patients as the molecular pathogenesis of tumors in either of these age groups is probably similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhuti Sood
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Deepika Mishra, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi - 110 029, India. E-mail:
| | - Om Prakash Kharbanda
- Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Datta Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Suryanarayana S V Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ramniwas Kumawat
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Angel SL, Samrit VD, Kharbanda OP, Duggal R, Kumar V, Chauhan SS, Coshic P. Effects of submucosally administered platelet-rich plasma on the rate of tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:73-79. [PMID: 34491291 DOI: 10.2319/011221-40.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of submucosally administered platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the rate of maxillary canine retraction. Levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were also measured over 2 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS This split-mouth trial involved 20 sites in 10 subjects randomly assigned to PRP (experimental) side and control side. After alignment, the freshly prepared PRP was injected submucosally distal to the experimental side maxillary canine, and retraction was performed using NiTi closed-coil springs (150 g) on 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel wire. The rate of canine movement was assessed using digital model superimposition at 0, 30, and 60 days. The OPG and sRANKL were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from GCF collected at 0, 1, 7, 21, 30, and 60 days. RESULTS Twenty sites were analyzed using paired t test. The rate of tooth movement increased significantly by 35% on the PRP side compared with the control side in the first month (P = .0001) and by 14% at the end of the second month (P = .015). Using the Mann-Whitney U test, OPG levels were found to be significantly decreased on the 7th (P = .003) and 30th day on the PRP side (P = .01), while sRANKL became detectable by the third week postinjection on the PRP side (P = .069). CONCLUSIONS Submucosal injection of platelet-rich plasma significantly increased tooth movement during the 60-day observation period. Local injection of PRP significantly altered the levels of OPG and sRANKL in GCF.
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Anand A, Nambirajan A, Kumar V, Agarwal S, Sharma S, Mohta S, Gopi S, Kaushal K, Gunjan D, Singh N, Madhusudhan KS, Chauhan SS, Sharma MC, Bansal VK, Saraya A. Alterations in Autophagy and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathways Mediate Sarcopenia in Patients with Cirrhosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:510-518. [PMID: 35535114 PMCID: PMC9077178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The pathophysiology of sarcopenia in cirrhosis is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the histological alterations in the muscle tissue of patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenia, and identify the regulators of muscle homeostasis. Methods Computed tomography images at third lumbar vertebral level were used to assess skeletal muscle index (SMI) in 180 patients. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the SMI cut-offs from a population of similar ethnicity. Muscle biopsy was obtained from the vastus lateralis in 10 sarcopenic patients with cirrhosis, and the external oblique in five controls (voluntary kidney donors during nephrectomy). Histological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for phospho-FOXO3, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and apoptosis markers (annexin V and caspase 3). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions for MSTN, FoxO3, markers of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (FBXO32, TRIM63), and markers of autophagy (Beclin-1 and LC3) were also quantified. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.4%. Muscle histology in sarcopenics showed atrophic angulated fibers (P = 0.002) compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry showed a significant loss of expression of phospho-mTOR (P = 0.026) and an unaltered phospho-AKT (P = 0.089) in sarcopenic patients. There were no differences in the immunostaining for annexin-V, caspase-3, and phospho-FoxO3 between the two groups. The mRNA expressions of MSTN and Beclin-1 were higher in sarcopenics (P = 0.04 and P = 0.04, respectively). The two groups did not differ in the mRNA levels for TRIM63, FBXO32, and LC3. Conclusions Significant muscle atrophy, increase in autophagy, MSTN gene expression, and an impaired mTOR signaling were seen in patients with sarcopenia and cirrhosis.
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Key Words
- 4E-BP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein-1
- APASL, Asia Pacific Association for the study of the Liver
- BMI, body mass index
- CT, computed tomography
- EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
- Fox-O, forkhead O
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HE, hepatic encephalopathy
- MSTN gene
- MuRF-1, muscle RING finger 1
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SMI, skeletal muscle index
- autophagy
- cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- cirrhosis
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- sarcopenia
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samagra Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanchit Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikant Mohta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikanth Gopi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanav Kaushal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar C. Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Virinder K. Bansal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence. Anoop Saraya, Professor and Head of Department Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Chauhan S, Sen S, Chauhan SS, Pushker N, Tandon R, Kashyap S, Vanathi M, Bajaj MS. Stratifin in ocular surface squamous neoplasia and its association with p53. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e1483-e1491. [PMID: 33769712 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sunlight-induced p53 mutations are known to contribute towards increased risk of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Stratifin (14-3-3σ)/HEM (human epithelial marker) is a p53-mediated inhibitor of cell cycle progression and has been shown to be a target of epigenetic deregulation in various carcinomas. In the present study, Stratifin expression, its promoter methylation status as well as expression of mutant p53 in early and advanced AJCC stages (8th edition) of OSSN, was evaluated. METHODS Sixty-four OSSN [20 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 44 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] patients were registered for this study, and they were followed up for 36-58 months (mean 48 ± 3.6). Immunoexpression of Stratifin and mutant p53 protein, mRNA expression of Stratifin by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation status of Stratifin by methylation-specific PCR, was undertaken. RESULTS Hypermethylation of Stratifin promoter in 63% (40/64), loss of Stratifin expression in 75% (48/64) and downregulation of Stratifin mRNA in 61% (39/64) were observed. Stratifin hypermethylation was significantly associated with reduced disease-free survival in both early and advanced T stage SCC cases. Expression of mutant p53 expression was seen in 48% (31/64) OSSN cases. Of the 31 patients with mutant p53 expression, 87% (27/31) also demonstrated loss of Stratifin immunoexpression. A significant association was seen between mutant p53 expression and Stratifin loss (p = 0.01) in advanced T stage SCC cases. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of Stratifin gene and its reduced mRNA expression both are potential biomarkers for identifying high-risk OSSN patients. Aberrant methylation of Stratifin and simultaneous mutant p53 expression implicates involvement of p53-Stratifin mediated signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Chauhan
- Department of Ocular Pathology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Ophthalmoplasty Service Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea and External Disease, Cataract and Refractive Ocular Oncology and Low Vision Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea & Ocular Surface Cataract & Refractive Services Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Mandeep S. Bajaj
- Ophthalmoplasty Service Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
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Kumari S, Arora M, Singh J, Kadian LK, Yadav R, Chauhan SS, Chopra A. Molecular Associations and Clinical Significance of RAPs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:677979. [PMID: 34235179 PMCID: PMC8255377 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.677979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with a high rate of mortality. Multiple studies have individually recognized members of RAP gene family as critical regulators of tumor progression in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. These studies suffer numerous limitations including a small sample size and lack of analysis of various clinicopathological and molecular features. In the current study, we utilized authoritative multi-omics databases to determine the association of RAP gene family expression and detailed molecular and clinicopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). All five RAP genes were observed to harbor dysregulated expression in HCC compared to normal liver tissues. RAP2A exhibited strongest ability to differentiate tumors from the normal tissues. RAP2A expression was associated with progressive tumor grade, TP53 and CTNNB1 mutation status. Additionally, RAP2A expression was associated with the alteration of its copy numbers and DNA methylation. RAP2A also emerged as an independent marker for patient prognosis. Further, pathway analysis revealed that RAP2A expression is correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition and oncogenic molecular pathways, such as cell cycle and cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh K Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Singh J, Arora M, Kumari S, Verma D, Palanichamy JK, Qamar I, Chauhan SS, Chopra A. Molecular associations and clinical significance of core NHEJ pathway genes in renal clear cell carcinoma. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Arora M, Pandey G, Chauhan SS. Cysteine Cathepsins and Their Prognostic and Therapeutic Relevance in Leukemia. Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCysteine cathepsins are lysosomal proteases that require Cys-His ion pair in their catalytic site for enzymatic activity. While their aberrant expression and oncogenic functions have been widely reported in solid tumors, recent findings suggest that these proteases also play an important role in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the potential clinical implications of cysteine cathepsins as diagnostic and prognostic markers in leukemia, and present evidences which supports the utility of these proteases as potential therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. We also highlight the available information on the expression patterns, regulation, and potential functions of cysteine cathepsins in normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. In hematopoiesis, cysteine cathepsins play a variety of physiological roles including regulation of hematopoietic stem cell adhesion in the bone marrow, trafficking, and maturation. They are also involved in several functions of immune cells which include the selection of lymphocytes in the thymus, antigen processing, and presentation. However, the expression of cysteine cathepsins is dysregulated in hematological malignancies where they have been shown to play diverse functions. Interestingly, several pieces of evidence over the past few years have demonstrated overexpression of cathepsins in leukemia and their association with worst survival outcomes in patients. Strategies aimed at altering the expression, activity, and subcellular localization of these cathepsins are emerging as potential therapeutic modalaties in the management of hematological malignancies. Recent findings also suggest the involvement of these proteases in modulating the immune response in leukemia and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Singh J, Kumari S, Arora M, Verma D, Palanichamy JK, Kumar R, Sharma G, Bakhshi S, Pushpam D, Ali MS, Ranjan A, Tanwar P, Chauhan SS, Singh A, Chopra A. Prognostic Relevance of Expression of EMP1, CASP1, and NLRP3 Genes in Pediatric B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:606370. [PMID: 33747919 PMCID: PMC7973229 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.606370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC), such as prednisolone, is an essential component of multidrug chemotherapy regimen for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Resistance to GC in leukemia cells is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Despite the extensive use of GC for many years, molecular mechanisms underlying its resistance in ALL have not been fully uncovered. Recent studies have shown a potential role of EMP1, CASP1, and NLRP3 genes in prednisolone response. In this study on 148 pediatric B-ALL patients, we studied these three genes to assess their association with prednisolone response measured by day 8 blast count after 7 days of induction therapy with prednisolone. Intriguingly, ALL samples exhibited higher expression of EMP1 along with a low expression of CASP1 and NLRP3 compared to disease free normal bone marrow collected from patients with solid tumors. Among the three analyzed genes, only EMP1 was found to be overexpressed in prednisolone poor responders (p=0.015). Further, a comparison of gene expression between cytogenetic subtypes revealed higher expression of EMP1 in BCR-ABL subtype. Expression of EMP1 in multiple gene expression datasets was used for gene set enrichment analysis, which revealed TNF-α, IL-2-STAT5 signaling, inflammatory responses and hypoxia as the major positively associated pathways and E2F targets as negatively associated pathways. Interestingly, the clinical remission rate was higher in CASP1 high patients (p=0.048). In univariate survival analysis, higher EMP1 expression was associated with poor prognostic measures while higher expression of NLRP3 and CASP1 was associated with better prognostic measures in our data. Further, multivariate analysis revealed an independent association of high CASP1 and NLRP3 with a better prognosis. This study strengthens the available evidence that mRNA expression of EMP1, CASP1, and NLRP3 may serve as potential biomarkers for risk stratification of pediatric B-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Verma
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajive Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna, India
| | | | | | | | - M Shadab Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar-Insitute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Correction: Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:93. [PMID: 33637674 PMCID: PMC7910536 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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Kumar V, Chauhan SS. Daidzein Induces Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis along with ER α/β Ratio Alteration and ROS Production. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:603-610. [PMID: 33639680 PMCID: PMC8190374 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low risk of breast cancer is observed among females consuming a moderate quantity of soy throughout their life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer potential of Daidzein, one of the major Isoflavones in soy using Human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Methods: MCF-7 were subjected to various doses of Daidzein treatment to determine the IC50 value. Onset of apoptosis was ascertained by AnnexinV assay and caspase 3/7 activity post treatment. Expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 was also assessed to further confirm apoptotic mode of cell death. ROS production post treatment with Daidzein was assessed to ascertain the apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. Expression of ER α and ER β was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were found to be sensitive to Daidzein treatment, with an IC50 value of 50µM. Increased percentage of treated cells stained with Annexin V confirmed apoptosis mediated cell death. Activity of Caspase 3/7 activity was found to be 1.4-fold higher in Daidzein treated cells than control cells, confirming apoptosis. Daidzein caused over expression of Bax and down-regulated expression of Bcl2. There has been an outburst of ROS in Daidzein treated cells indicating that Daidzein induces apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. A decrease in the expression of ER α and increase in levels of ER β has been observed which are conducive indicator of apoptosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study suggests that Daidzein induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by mitochondrial pathway along with lowering the ratio of ER α/β and an outburst of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Bhat AA, Yousuf P, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Chauhan SS, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Frenneaux MP, Batra SK, Haris M, Macha MA. Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 33436555 PMCID: PMC7804459 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors. Recent clinical, genomic, and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC. Despite significant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions, failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths. It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy, and thereby adversely affects the prognosis. A complete understanding of the TME factors, together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions, can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC. Interestingly, different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV+ve and HPV-ve (human papillomavirus) HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized, targeted chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimen. This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, metastatic niche, therapeutic resistance, and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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Arora M, Kumari S, Singh J, Chopra A, Chauhan SS. Downregulation of Brain Enriched Type 2 MAGEs Is Associated With Immune Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Glioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573378. [PMID: 33425727 PMCID: PMC7787151 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma associated antigen (MAGE) is an extensively studied family of tumor-associated genes that share a common MAGE homology domain (MHD). Based upon their expression pattern, MAGE genes have been broadly classified into type 1 MAGEs (T1Ms) and type 2 MAGEs (T2Ms) categories. Interestingly, several T2Ms are highly expressed in the brain and involved in the regulation of neuronal development, differentiation, and survival. Available literature suggests possible tumor suppressor functions of a few T2Ms, while information available about their expression, regulation, and clinical significance in glioma is scanty. This prompted us to perform a comprehensive analysis of T2M expression in glioma. Gene expression data from glioma datasets: Oncomine, TCGA, and REMBRANDT study, were used to assess the mRNA expression of T2M genes (MAGED1, MAGED2, MAGED3, MAGED4, MAGED4B, MAGEE1, MAGEE2, MAGEF1, MAGEH1, MAGEL2, NSMCE3, and NDN), and their association with clinical characteristics and composition of the tumor microenvironment. Further, mutation, copy number alteration, and DNA methylation data from TCGA were assessed for determining potential mechanisms of T2Ms expression in glioma. Expression analysis revealed overexpression of MAGED subfamily genes in glioma, while other genes of this family exhibited reduced expression in advanced grades of this malignancy. Further, the expression of T2Ms exhibited varying extent of positive correlations with each other. Amongst downregulated T2Ms, MAGEH1 expression exhibited negative correlations with DNA methylation. Additionally, genes associated with MAGEH1 were enriched in Myc and Hedgehog signaling. Furthermore, T2Ms downregulation was associated with immune infiltration in glioma tissues and poor overall survival of glioma patients. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, MAGEH1 emerged as an independent prognosticator in lower grade glioma. Conclusively, these results suggest that expression of T2Ms is associated with important clinical and molecular features in glioma. Mechanistic studies may further provide novel insights into their role in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yadav VS, Mir RA, Bhatia A, Yadav R, Shadang M, Chauhan SS, Dhingra K, Kharbanda OP, Yadav R, Garg R. Metallothionein levels in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum of smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1329-1338. [PMID: 33107036 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine rich protein is involved as a radical scavenger in several pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress; however, its role in periodontal disease still remains elusive. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MT in smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS) with chronic periodontitis (CP), and compare them with those of periodontally healthy (PH) individuals. METHODS A total of 85 participants were enrolled: 45 patients with CP (23 S [CP+S] and 22 NS [CP+NS]) and 40 PH individuals (20 S [PH+S] and 20 NS [PH+NS]). In all the study participants, clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded and samples of serum, saliva and GCF were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of MT in the samples. RESULTS All periodontal clinical parameters were significantly higher in the CP groups as compared to PH groups (P < 0.05). MT levels in CP+S group were significantly raised in comparison to other three groups. There was no statistically significant difference in MT levels among CP+NS and PH+S groups (P > 0.05); however, relatively higher levels were observed in GCF and saliva in CP+NS group. When all the study groups were observed together, MT levels were positively correlated with clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Results of present study suggest that smoking and CP can induce the synthesis of MT owing to increased oxidative stress and heavy metals intoxication. Further longitudinal studies with large sample size and an interventional arm are needed to substantiate the role of MT as a potential biomarker in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikender S Yadav
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical, Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Riyaz A Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Bhatia
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical, Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhee Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahaiwon Shadang
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunaal Dhingra
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical, Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Om P Kharbanda
- Division of Orthodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical, Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Yadav
- Department of Prosthodontics, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rahul Garg
- Department of Dental Surgery, Haryana Civil Dental Services, General Hospital, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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Arora M, Kumari S, Singh J, Chopra A, Chauhan SS. PAXX, Not NHEJ1 Is an Independent Prognosticator in Colon Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:584053. [PMID: 33195430 PMCID: PMC7649742 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.584053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Non-homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway is the mainstay of cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. While aberrant expression of genes involved in this pathway has been linked with genomic instability and drug resistance in several cancers, limited information is available about its clinical significance in colon cancer. We performed a comprehensive analysis of seven essential genes, including XRCC5, XRCC6, PRKDC, LIG4, XRCC4, NHEJ1, and PAXX of this pathway, in colon cancer using multi-omics datasets, and studied their associations with molecular and clinicopathological features, including age, gender, stage, KRAS mutation, BRAF mutation, microsatellite instability status and promoter DNA methylation in TCGA colon cancer dataset. This analysis revealed upregulation of XRCC5, PRKDC, and PAXX in colon cancer compared to normal colon tissues, while LIG4 and NHEJ1 (XLF) displayed downregulation. The expression of these genes was independent of age and KRAS status, while XRCC5, PRKDC, and LIG4 exhibited reduced expression in BRAF mutant tumors. Interestingly, we observed a strong association between XRCC6, XRCC5, PRKDC and LIG4 overexpression and microsatellite instability status of the tumors. In multivariate analysis, high PAXX expression emerged as an independent prognostic marker for poor overall and disease specific survival. We also observed hypomethylation of PAXX promoter in tumors, which exhibited a strong correlation with its overexpression. Furthermore, PAXX overexpression was also associated with several oncogenic pathways as well as a reduction in numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Fatima N, Ahmed SH, Chauhan SS, Mohammad O, Rehman SMF. Structural equation modelling analysis determining causal role among methyltransferases, methylation, and apoptosis during human pregnancy and abortion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12408. [PMID: 32709893 PMCID: PMC7381664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human implantation failure during first trimester leads to spontaneous abortions. Spontaneous abortions are consecutive and occur twice or thrice (with or without prior live births) due to factors which are either maternal or fetal. However, it also constitutes of unknown etiology; known as unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions (URSA). In this study, the medical terminated human normal early pregnancies (NEP) of the first trimester were taken as control samples, the normal decidual sample whose molecular and epigenetic changes were compared with that of decidua of human URSA subjects. Apoptosis-related genes reported in consecutive recurrent pregnancy loss became the basis for this study. So, in this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that "p53 methylation level through methyltransferases (G9aMT and DNMT1) implicates the fate of embryo towards sustenance or cessation of pregnancy". Further, the interaction between P53, BAX, BCL-2, CASPASE-6, G9aMT, DNMT-1, and methylated p53 expression level(s) during the first trimester of both URSA and NEP are included in this study. The degree of p53 methylation during the first trimester is found to be significant and positively correlated with that of G9aMT (p < 0.05), BCL-2 (p < 0.001), and DNMT1 (p < 0.001) at both transcript and protein level. A significant and negative correlation (with p-value < 0.001) between the degree of p53 methylation during the first trimester and that of the expression level of TUNEL assay (Apoptosis), P53, BAX, and CASPASE-6 are also observed in the present study. A positive correlation between apoptosis and a higher level of p53 expression (which is possibly due to low degree of p53 methylation) is observed both at the transcript and protein level in URSA which is in line with our findings. The analysis performed using structural equation modelling (SEM) further throws light on the causal relationship between sustenance of pregnancy or URSA during the first trimester of a human pregnancy and degree of methylation of p53 which is closely correlated with the interaction between G9aMT, DNMT1, BCL-2, BAX, P53, CASPASE-6, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Fatima
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Syed Habeeb Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - S S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Owais Mohammad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Syed Mohd Fazlur Rehman
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research Education and Research (PGIMER), New Delhi, 110001, India
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Pandey G, Bakhshi S, Kumar M, Thakur B, Jain P, Kaur P, Chauhan SS. Prognostic and therapeutic relevance of cathepsin B in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2634-2649. [PMID: 31911851 PMCID: PMC6943344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AML, the second most common childhood leukemia is also one of the deadliest cancers. High mortality rate in AML is due to high incidence of relapse after complete remission with chemotherapy and inadequate prognostic assessment of patients. Moreover, there is dearth of therapeutic targets for treatment of this malignancy. Previous pilot study (n = 24) by our group revealed strong association between cathepsin B (CTSB) overexpression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and poor survival outcome in pediatric AML patients. To further explore the clinical utility and role of this protease in pediatric AML, we measured its enzymatic activity and mRNA expression in PBMCs as well as bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) of patients (n = 101) and PBMCs of healthy controls. Our results revealed elevated CTSB activity (P < 0.01) and overexpression of its mRNA (P < 0.01) in AML patients. Interestingly CTSB in BMMCs of patients emerged as an independent prognostic marker when compared with other known risk factors. Moreover, chemical inhibition of CTSB activity compromised survival, and induced apoptosis in an AML cell line THP-1. We further demonstrate the inhibition of CTSB activity by chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin in these cells. Docking and simulation studies suggested the binding of doxorubicin to CTSB with higher affinity than its known specific inhibitor CA-074 Me, thereby indicating that cell death induced by this drug may at least partly be mediated by CTSB inhibition. CTSB, therefore, may serve as a prognostic marker and an attractive chemotherapeutic target in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Prerna Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi, India
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Mehra S, Panwar R, Thakur B, Yadav R, Kumar M, Singh R, Dash NR, Sahni P, Chauhan SS. Expression and Clinical Implications of Cysteine Cathepsins in Gallbladder Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1239. [PMID: 31824841 PMCID: PMC6883407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) exhibits poor prognosis due to its detection at an advanced stage. Upregulation of lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin L (CTSL) and cathepsin B (CTSB) has been implicated in several tumorigenic processes. However, no such information in GBC was available. Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the expression and clinical significance of these cathepsins in GBC. Methods: Activities of CTSL and CTSB were assayed in the gallbladder (GB) tissues obtained from GBC patients (n = 43) and control subjects (n = 69). Protein and mRNA levels were quantified using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. Finally, serum levels of CTSL and CTSB were estimated by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for the assessment of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of these cysteine cathepsins in GBC. The association of combined CTSL and CTSB activity with overall survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Results: The expression and activity of both CTSL and CTSB were significantly increased (p < 0.050) in tumors of GBC patients as compared to controls. Enzymatic activity of CTSL+B and CTSB exhibited a strong positive association with tumor stage and lymph node involvement in GBC (p < 0.050). Interestingly, the elevated activity of combined CTSL+B was also associated with increased mortality in these patients. Furthermore, significantly enhanced levels of serum CTSL and CTSB were also observed in GBC (p < 0.050) as compared to controls. ROC analysis revealed high diagnostic significance of serum CTSB and CTSL for distinguishing GBC patients from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 82 and 77%, respectively. Conclusion: This study, for the first time, demonstrates the clinical significance of CTSL and CTSB overexpression in GBC. Our findings may help improve the clinical management of this carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Mehra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Panwar
- Department of G.I. Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Department of G.I. Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Peush Sahni
- Department of G.I. Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mann M, Kumar S, Chauhan SS, Bhatla N, Kumar S, Bakhshi S, Gupta R, Sharma A, Kumar L. Correction: PARP-1 inhibitor modulate β-catenin signaling to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cervix. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4802. [PMID: 31413820 PMCID: PMC6677665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Mann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mann M, Kumar S, Sharma A, Chauhan SS, Bhatla N, Kumar S, Bakhshi S, Gupta R, Kumar L. PARP-1 inhibitor modulate β-catenin signaling to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cervix. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4262-4275. [PMID: 31303961 PMCID: PMC6611509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a keystone for treatment of both recurring and locally advanced cervical cancer. However toxic side effects and acquired resistance limits its efficacy. Enhanced DNA repair is one of the mechanisms through which cancer cells acquire cisplatin resistance. Inhibitors of PARP, which is a DNA damage repair enzyme, have been approved for use in BRCA mutated cancers like breast and ovary cancer. However little is known about the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitors in cervical cancer, either as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin. We hypothesized that PARP-1 inhibition might improve the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin by diminishing DNA repair. To ascertain this, we determined effect of PARP-1 inhibition on cisplatin cytotoxicity in HeLa and SiHa cell lines. Combination of cisplatin with PJ34, a phenanthridinone-derived PARP-1 inhibitor, augmented cisplatin toxicity in vitro by decreasing cell proliferation, enhancing cell cycle block and cell death, and decreasing invasion and metastasis, when compared with either of the single agent alone. We further show that PARP-1 inhibition inhibited β-catenin signaling and its downstream components such as c-Myc, cyclin D1 and MMPs indicating a possible link between single strand base damage repair and WNT signaling. In conclusion, PARP-1 inhibition might augment cisplatin cytotoxicity in cervical cancer cells by modulating β-catenin signaling pathway. Combining PARP-1 inhibitors with cisplatin might be a promising approach to overcome cisplatin resistance and to achieve a better therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Mann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Baldi G, Chauhan SS, Linden N, Dunshea FR, Hopkins DL, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Dell'Orto V, Ponnampalam EN. Comparison of a grain-based diet supplemented with synthetic vitamin E versus a lucerne (alfalfa) hay-based diet fed to lambs in terms of carcass traits, muscle vitamin E, fatty acid content, lipid oxidation, and retail colour of meat. Meat Sci 2018; 148:105-112. [PMID: 30388474 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VitE) in a synthetic or natural form was examined. Forty-eight lambs were assigned (n = 16) to either a grain-based diet at moderate (MOD, 42 mg∙kg-1 VitE as all-rac α-tocopheryl acetate) or supranutritional (SUP, 285 mg∙kg-1 of vitE) levels of synthetic VitE or a lucerne hay-based diet (LUC; 37 mg∙kg-1 VitE) for 8 weeks. Meat from the LUC group had lower muscle n-6 and PUFA levels compared to meat from the MOD and SUP groups. Despite a similar VitE intake, muscle VitE was higher for LUC compared to MOD, while SUP lambs showed the highest VitE. Lipid oxidation did not differ between groups. For fresh meat, redness tended to be higher in LUC fed lambs than the other two groups, but brownness formation was only lower than the SUP group. For aged meat colour stability, redness tended to be higher in lambs fed SUP and LUC, whereas highest browning occurred in the MOD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S S Chauhan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - N Linden
- Animal Production Science, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D L Hopkins
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, PO Box 129, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - C A Sgoifo Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V Dell'Orto
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, via G. Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E N Ponnampalam
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Animal Production Science, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Singh N, Gupta S, Pandey RM, Sahni P, Chauhan SS, Saraya A. Prognostic significance of plasma matrix metalloprotease-2 in pancreatic cancer patients. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:334-340. [PMID: 29355139 PMCID: PMC5793467 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1348_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Pancreatic cancer has a propensity for wide stromal invasion. Matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) is a protease that degrades the peri-tumoural tissue and helps in tumour dissemination. Thus, this study was aimed to assess any association of plasma MMP-2 levels with clinicopathological parameters and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Plasma samples from 127 pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed for MMP-2 levels by ELISA. Survival and other clinicopathological parameters of patients were analyzed for any correlation with plasma MMP-2 levels. Results: The mean MMP-2 levels in pancreatic cancer patients were 560.3±222.0 ng/ml which were significantly elevated compared to chronic pancreatitis patients (P<0.001) and healthy individuals (P<0.05). The plasma levels of MMP-2 significantly correlated with tissue expression of this protease (P=0.004). However, MMP-2 levels did not exhibit any association either with clinicopathological parameters or with survival. Interpretation & conclusions: Elevated MMP-2 levels were observed in blood of pancreatic cancer patients which correlated with its tissue expression. However, these levels did not associate with survival or any clinicopathological parameters of patients. Further studies need to be done to confirm the prognostic/clinical significance of MMP-2 in cancer patients before and after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Peush Sahni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Chaudhary A, Kumar V, Singh PK, Sharma P, Bairagya HR, Kaur P, Sharma S, Chauhan SS, Singh TP. A glycoprotein from mammary gland secreted during involution promotes apoptosis: Structural and biological studies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018. [PMID: 29524427 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Secretory signalling glycoprotein (SPX-40) from mammary gland is highly expressed during involution. This protein is involved in a programmed cell death during tissue remodelling which occurs at the end of lactation. SPX-40 was isolated and purified from buffalo (SPB-40) from the samples obtained during involution. One solution of SPB-40 was made by dissolving it in buffer containing 25 mM Tris-HCl and 50 mM NaCl at pH 8.0. Another solution was made by adding 25% ethanol to the above solution. The biological effects of SPB-40 dissolved in above two solutions were evaluated on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Free SPB-40 indicated significant pro-apoptotic effects while ethanol exposed SPB-40 showed considerably reduced effects on the apoptosis. SPB-40 was crystallized in the native state. The crystals of SPB-40 were soaked in four separate solutions containing 25% acetone, 25% ethanol, 25% butanol and 25% MPD. Four separate data sets were collected and their structures were determined at high resolutions. In all the four structures, the molecules of acetone, ethanol, butanol and MPD respectively were observed in the hydrophobic binding pocket of SPB-40. As a result of which, the conformation of Trp78 was altered thus blocking the binding site in SPB-40 leading to the loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Chaudhary
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridoy R Bairagya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Tiwari V, Poudel RR, Khan SA, Mehra S, Chauhan SS, Raje A. Is VEGF under-expressed in Indian children with Perthes disease? Musculoskelet Surg 2018; 102:81-85. [PMID: 28956304 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) has not been adequately studied in humans, especially in Indian population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the serum levels of VEGF-A in Indian children with various stages of LCPD and compare them with those of an age- and sex-matched control group of healthy children. METHODS In this case-control study, we enrolled 42 children (below 14 years age) suffering from LCPD and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients were classified radiographically according to Waldenstrom's classification. Serum VEGF-A was estimated by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The serum values were compared between the patient group and the control group, as well as between the Waldenstrom subgroups. Results were expressed as means with ranges or median with interquartile range. RESULTS The mean age in the patient as well as the control group was 9 years (range 4-13 years). The median value (interquartile range) of serum VEGF-A was 162.5 pg/ml (673.75 pg/ml) in the patient group and 652 pg/ml (190.5 pg/ml) in the control group (p = 0.013). When compared between lower Waldenstrom stages (initial stage + stage of fragmentation) and higher Waldenstrom stages (re-ossification stage + stage of healing), the mean values of serum VEGF-A were 464.7 pg/ml (range 0-2211 pg/ml) and 301.1 pg/ml (range 0-1910 pg/ml), respectively (p = 0.305). CONCLUSIONS VEGF is under-expressed in Indian children suffering from LCPD. As VEGF acts as a key regulator of endochondral ossification, our finding may open new therapeutic approaches to the disease. Also, serum VEGF may act as a valuable marker for the follow-up of the disease. Our study also provides baseline data about serum VEGF-A levels in Indian cohort of LCPD patients. Future multi-centre studies are warranted with a larger sample size to fully appreciate the patho-physiological changes in VEGF occurring in LCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tiwari
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - R R Poudel
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S A Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - S Mehra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Raje
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Chauhan S, Sen S, Sharma A, Kashyap S, Tandon R, Bajaj MS, Pushker N, Vanathi M, Chauhan SS. p16 INK4a overexpression as a predictor of survival in ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:840-847. [PMID: 29511060 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the expression and methylation status of the p16INK4a gene in early and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and to correlate its association with clinicopathological features and survival. METHODS Sixty-four (35 early and 29 advanced AJCC stage) patients with OSSN formed part of this study and were followed up for 36-58 (mean 48±3.6) months. Immunohistochemical expression of the p16INK4a protein and methylation status of the p16INK4a gene were determined by methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS Overexpression of p16INK4a was observed in 18/64 (28%) and hypermethylation in 35/64 (54.7%) OSSN cases. A gradual significant increase in the expression of p16INK4a (0%-48%, P=0.03) and decrease in its methylation (75%-16%, P=0.001) was observed with disease progression from early to advanced tumour stage. Overexpression of p16INK4a was significantly associated with palpebral location and diffuse growth pattern in both early and advanced T stage. Hypermethylation of p16INK4a was significantly associated with history of longer sunlight exposure in both early and advanced T stage of OSSN cases. In advanced T stage, p16INK4a overexpression was associated with reduced disease-free survival (P=0.02) and poor prognosis (HR, 0.2; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS OSSN patients presenting at an advanced AJCC stage with p16INK4a overexpression may require more aggressive treatment. Epigenetic inactivation of the p16INK4a gene due to sunlight exposure could be responsible for pathogenesis of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Chauhan
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mandeep S Bajaj
- Ophthalmoplasty Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Ophthalmoplasty Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Overexpression of cathepsin L (CTSL), an endolysosomal cysteine protease, is associated with inferior survival of patients with various human malignancies. We evaluated the expression/activity of CTSL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) of 103 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to assess its prognostic significance in this malignancy. Thirty-five healthy siblings of patients served as controls. Our results revealed significantly higher CTSL activity (p < .0001), protein (p < .05), and mRNA levels (p < .01) in both PBMCs and BMMCs of patients as compared with controls. BMMCs displayed higher activity of CTSL than PBMCs (p < .01). A dramatic reduction in CTSL activity was recorded after chemotherapy in a significant proportion (74%) of patients (p < .0001). By multivariate analysis, CTSL in BMMCs emerged as a strong independent prognostic marker for overall survival (OS) (p = .004). Thus, our results suggest the potential utility of CTSL in predicting the outcome of pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Pandey
- a Department of Biochemistry , AIIMS , New Delhi , India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- b Department of Medical Oncology , AIIMS , New Delhi , India
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- c Department of Biostatistics , AIIMS , New Delhi , India
| | - Prerna Jain
- a Department of Biochemistry , AIIMS , New Delhi , India
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Manchanda M, Das P, Gahlot GPS, Singh R, Roeb E, Roderfeld M, Datta Gupta S, Saraya A, Pandey RM, Chauhan SS. Cathepsin L and B as Potential Markers for Liver Fibrosis: Insights From Patients and Experimental Models. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e99. [PMID: 28617446 PMCID: PMC5518948 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cathepsin L (CTSL) and B (CTSB) have a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and tissue remodeling, which is a prominent feature of fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role and clinical significance of these cathepsins in liver fibrosis. METHODS Hepatic histological CTSL and CTSB expression were assessed in experimental models of liver fibrosis, patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and controls by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Plasma levels of CTSL and CTSB were analyzed in 51 liver cirrhosis patients (Child-Pugh stages A, B and C) and 15 controls. RESULTS Significantly enhanced CTSL mRNA (P=0.02) and protein (P=0.01) levels were observed in the liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice compared with controls. Similarly, hepatic CTSL and CTSB mRNA levels (P=0.02) were markedly increased in Abcb4-/- (ATP-binding cassette transporter knockout) mice compared with wild-type littermates. Elevated levels of CTSL and CTSB were also found in the liver (P=0.001) and plasma (P<0.0001) of patients with hepatic cirrhosis compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, CTSL and CTSB levels correlated well with the hepatic collagen (r=0.5, P=0.007; r=0.64, P=0.0001). CTSL and CTSB levels increased with the Child-Pugh stage of liver cirrhosis and correlated with total bilirubin content (r=0.4/0.2; P≤0.05). CTSL, CTSB, and their combination had a high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve: 0.91, 0.89 and 0.96, respectively) for distinguishing patients from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the overexpression of CTSL and CTSB in patients and experimental mouse models, suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Manchanda
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav P S Gahlot
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R M Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Prajapati SC, Singh R, Chauhan SS. Human dipeptidyl peptidase III regulates G-protein coupled receptor-dependent Ca2+ concentration in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Biol Chem 2017; 397:563-9. [PMID: 26887037 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise biological function of human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III) is poorly understood. Using luciferase reporter constructs responsive to change in Ca2+ and/or cAMP and Fura 2-AM fluorometric assay, we show a significant decrease in intracellular Ca2+ following hDPP III overexpression and angiotensin II stimulation in angiotensin II type 1 receptor (G-protein coupled receptor, GPCR) expressing HEK293T cells. Silencing the expression of hDPP III by siRNA reversed the effect of hDPP III overexpression with a concomitant increase in Ca2+. These results, for the first time, show involvement of hDPP III in GPCR dependent Ca2+ regulation in HEK293T cells.
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Liu F, Celi P, Cottrell JJ, Chauhan SS, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR. Effects of a short-term supranutritional selenium supplementation on redox balance, physiology and insulin-related metabolism in heat-stressed pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:276-285. [PMID: 28299856 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) disrupts redox balance and insulin-related metabolism. Supplementation with supranutritional amounts of selenium (Se) may enhance glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and reduce oxidative stress, but may trigger insulin resistance. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of a short-term high Se supplementation on physiology, oxidative stress and insulin-related metabolism in heat-stressed pigs. Twenty-four gilts were fed either a control (0.20 ppm Se) or a high Se (1.0 ppm Se yeast, HiSe) diet for 2 weeks. Pigs were then housed in thermoneutral (20°C) or HS (35°C) conditions for 8 days. Blood samples were collected to study blood Se and oxidative stress markers. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted on day 8 of thermal exposure. The HS conditions increased rectal temperature and respiration rate (both p < .001). The HiSe diet increased blood Se by 12% (p < .05) and ameliorated the increase in rectal temperature (p < .05). Heat stress increased oxidative stress as evidenced by a 48% increase in plasma advanced oxidized protein products (AOPPs; p < .05), which may be associated with the reductions in plasma biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and erythrocyte GPX activity (both p < .05). The HiSe diet did not alleviate the reduction in plasma BAP or increase in AOPPs observed during HS, although it tended to increase erythrocyte GPX activity by 13% (p = .068). Without affecting insulin, HS attenuated lipid mobilization, as evidenced by a lower fasting NEFA concentration (p < .05), which was not mitigated by the HiSe diet. The HiSe diet increased insulin AUC, suggesting it potentiated insulin resistance, although this only occurred under TN conditions (p = .066). In summary, HS induced oxidative stress and attenuated lipid mobilization in pigs. The short-term supranutritional Se supplementation alleviated hyperthermia, but did not protect against oxidative stress in heat-stressed pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P Celi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - J J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S S Chauhan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Liu F, Cottrell JJ, Wijesiriwardana U, Kelly FW, Chauhan SS, Pustovit RV, Gonzales-Rivas PA, DiGiacomo K, Leury BJ, Celi P, Dunshea FR. Effects of chromium supplementation on physiology, feed intake, and insulin related metabolism in growing pigs subjected to heat stress. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:116-125. [PMID: 32704634 PMCID: PMC7205331 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving insulin sensitivity may reduce impacts of heat stress (HS) in pigs by facilitating heat dissipation. Chromium (Cr) has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in pigs. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to investigate whether Cr supplementation can mitigate HS in growing pigs. Thirty-six gilts were randomly assigned to 2 diets containing 0 (control) or 400 ppb Cr. After 14 d the supplemented pigs were allocated to either 8 d thermoneutral (20°C constant; TN) or cyclic HS (35°C, 0900 h to 1700 h) conditions and continued their respective diet (n = 9 per group). Growth performance was recorded during the 14-d supplementation period. The physiological responses to HS were monitored by measuring respiration rate, rectal temperature, blood gas chemistry, and feed intake during thermal exposure. Kinetics of plasma glucose, insulin and NEFA were studied by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) on d 8 of thermal treatment. Results showed Cr alleviated the HS-increased rectal temperature (P < 0.05) and respiration rate (P < 0.01) at 1300 h and 1600 h during thermal exposure. However, Cr did not mitigate the reduction in average daily feed intake which was reduced by 35% during HS or the HS-induced respiratory alkalosis. Chromium tended to increase average daily gain (0.86 vs. 0.95 kg, P = 0.070) during the 14-d supplementation under TN conditions before thermal exposure, which might be associated with the potential of Cr in improving overall insulin sensitivity, as evidenced by a reduced insulin resistance index calculated by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR; 0.65 vs. 0.51, P = 0.013) and a tendency of reduced fasting plasma insulin concentration (1.97 vs. 1.67 μU/mL, P = 0.094). Heat stress decreased the acute insulin releasing rate (P = 0.012) and consequently slowed glucose clearance rate (P = 0.035) during IVGTT. Besides, HS enlarged the values of area under the curve of NEFA during IVGTT (P < 0.01), indicating a reduced lipid mobilization. In conclusion, HS reduced insulin response to IVGTT. Chromium supplementation exhibited a potential in improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating HS symptoms in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - J J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - U Wijesiriwardana
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - F W Kelly
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - S S Chauhan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - R V Pustovit
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - P A Gonzales-Rivas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - K DiGiacomo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - P Celi
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Columbia, MD 21045.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
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Chauhan SS, Celi P, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR. High dietary selenium and vitamin E supplementation ameliorates the impacts of heat load on oxidative status and acid-base balance in sheep. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3342-54. [PMID: 26440003 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supranutritional dietary selenium and vitamin E (Vit E) to ameliorate the effect of heat stress (HS) on oxidative status and acid-base balance in sheep. Thirty-two Merino × Poll Dorset ewes were acclimated to indoor individual pen feeding of a pelleted control diet (0.24 g Se and 10 IU of Vit E/kg DM) for 1 wk. Sheep were then moved to metabolism cages in climatic chambers and randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with the respective factors being dietary Se (0.24 and 1.20 mg/kg DM as Sel-Plex; Alltech, Australia), Vit E (10 and 100 IU/kg DM), and temperature for 2 wk. After 1 wk of acclimation in metabolic cages, 1 climatic chamber continued on thermoneutral (TN) conditions (18°C to 21°C and 40% to 50% relative humidity [RH]), and the other one was set to HS conditions (28°C to 40°C and 30% to 40% RH) for 1 wk. The sheep were then returned to individual pens and fed the control diet for 1 wk before being returned to the same diet as in the first period but a reversed thermal treatment for a further 2 wk. Physiological parameters were recorded 3 times daily, and blood samples were collected on d 1 and 7 of thermal treatment. Average respiration rate and rectal temperature of sheep were increased (P < 0.001) during HS; however, combined supranutritional supplementation of Se and Vit E reversed the effects of HS. Sheep given the high Se and high Vit E diet had a lower respiration rate (191 vs. 232 breaths/min; P = 0.012) and rectal temperature (40.33°C vs. 40.58°C; P = 0.039) under peak HS (1700 h) compared with those fed the low Se and low Vit E diet. Plasma reactive oxygen metabolites concentrations were reduced (P = 0.048) by 20%, whereas biological antioxidant potential was increased (P = 0.17) by 10% in sheep fed the high Se and high Vit E diet compared with those fed the low Se and low Vit E diet. Blood pH was elevated (P = 0.007) and bicarbonate was reduced (P = 0.049) under HS, and again, these effects were ameliorated by the high Se and high Vit E diet. Both white blood cell glutathione peroxidase gene expression and red blood cell lysate glutathione peroxidase activity were increased in sheep fed the high Se and high Vit E diet. These data suggest that supranutritional dietary Se or Vit E can reduce some of the negative effects of HS. However, the synergism between the 2 antioxidants improves their potential to ameliorate the impacts of HS in sheep.
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Sethi H, Simalti A, Chauhan SS, Chandra M. Spontaneous Perforation of Stomach in a Neonate. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v35i3.11885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous gastric perforation is not a very common entity. If not suspected and managed in time, this is uniformly fatal. Although documented as early as in1825 exact pathology remains unclear even to date. A case of spontaneous rupture in a term neonate is being presented as a case report.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):301-303.
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Mehra S, Kumar M, Singh R, Thakur B, Narang R, Chauhan SS. Clinical significance of cysteine cathepsins in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Indian Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Chauhan SS, Celi P, Fahri FT, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR. Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses modulate skeletal muscle heat shock protein and inflammatory gene expression in sheep exposed to heat stress. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:4897-908. [PMID: 25349340 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic heat (thermal) stress and dietary antioxidant supplementation on the expression of heat shock proteins and inflammatory genes in the skeletal muscle of sheep. Twenty-four Merino × Poll Dorset crossbred ewes were allocated to either a control (10 IU vitamin E and 0.24 mg Se/kg DM) or high-antioxidant (VitE+Se; 100 IU vitamin E and 1.20 mg Se/kg DM) diet and were exposed to 2 thermal (temperature) treatments (thermoneutral [TN]: 18°C-21°C and 26%-30% relative humidity; heat stress [HS]: 28°C-40°C and 40%-50% relative humidity) for 1 wk. Physiological parameters were recorded daily, and muscle biopsies were conducted at the end of thermal treatments. Total RNA was extracted from muscle samples and reverse transcribed to cDNA for real-time PCR analysis. Respiration rates and rectal temperature were increased in response to HS (84.2 vs. 161 breaths per minute and 39.52°C vs. 40.06°C for TN and HS conditions, respectively; P < 0.001). There were interactions between dietary and thermal treatments, indicating that dietary antioxidant supplementation reduced respiration rate (P = 0.097) and rectal temperature (P = 0.086) of sheep during HS but not TN conditions. Skeletal muscle heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) mRNA abundance was increased by HS (1.3-fold; P < 0.050) but was not changed (P = 0.77) by dietary antioxidant supplementation. The expression of skeletal muscle heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA was increased (P < 0.001) 3.5-fold by HS and tended (P = 0.08) to be increased by dietary antioxidant supplementation. Although there were no main effects of diet (P = 0.42) or HS (P = 0.47) on skeletal muscle HSP90 mRNA expression, there was an interaction (P = 0.040) such that HSP90 mRNA expression was increased (P = 0.010) in antioxidant-supplemented sheep under HS compared to TN conditions. Skeletal muscle nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tissue necrosis factor α (TNF-α) mRNA abundances were increased by exposure to heat (5.2-fold, P = 0.005 for NF-κB; 5.7-fold, P = 0.013 for TNF-α) ,but there was no main effect (P > 0.05) of dietary antioxidant supplementation. There was, however, an interaction between thermal and dietary treatments such that dietary antioxidant supplementation ameliorated the effect of HS on NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA expression. Taken together, these results indicate that high dietary antioxidants modulate skeletal muscle expression of heat shock proteins, proinflammatory cytokine, and NF-κB transcription, which may protect against HS in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chauhan
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla 171005, India Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - P Celi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - F T Fahri
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia Australian Meat Processors Corporation, 110 Walker Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
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Singh N, Gupta S, Pandey RM, Chauhan SS, Saraya A. High levels of cell-free circulating nucleic acids in pancreatic cancer are associated with vascular encasement, metastasis and poor survival. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:78-85. [PMID: 25647443 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.1001894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease with rapid invasion and early encasement of blood vessels. Hence, levels of circulating nucleic acids and tumor-associated mutations in them may have clinical importance. We analyzed the levels of circulating tumor DNA and oncogenic k-ras mutation in plasma of patients with pancreatic cancer and correlated their levels with survival and clinicopathological parameters. Higher levels of plasma DNA (>62 ng/mL) was found to associate significantly with lower overall survival time (p=.002), presence of vascular encasement (p=.030) and metastasis (p=.001). However, k-ras mutation status did not correlate with any of the clinicopathological parameters or survival. We conclude that circulating DNA in plasma can be an important predictor of prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Departments of Gastroenterology & Human Nutrition, 1Biostatistics, 2Biochemistry, 3All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India 4
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Singh N, Das P, Gupta S, Sachdev V, Srivasatava S, Datta Gupta S, Pandey RM, Sahni P, Chauhan SS, Saraya A. Plasma cathepsin L: A prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17532-17540. [PMID: 25516668 PMCID: PMC4265615 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the prognostic significance of cathepsin L, a cysteine protease that degrades the peri-tumoral tissue, in patients with pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: Plasma samples from 127 pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed for cathepsin L levels by ELISA. Out of these patients, 25 underwent surgery and their paraffin-embedded tissue was analyzed for cathepsin L expression by immunohistochemistry. Survival of patients and clinicopathological parameters was correlated with cathepsin L expression in plasma and tissue using appropriate statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean (± SD) cathepsin L in plasma samples of pancreatic cancer patients was 5.98 ± 2.5 ng/mL that was significantly higher compared to the levels in healthy controls (3.83 ± 0.45) or chronic pancreatitis patients (3.97 ± 1.06). Using ROC curve, a cut-off level of 5.0 ng/mL was decided for survival analysis. Elevated plasma levels of cathepsin L were found to be associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.01) in multivariate analysis. The plasma levels of the protease decreased after surgery. Though no significant correlation was seen between plasma and tissue expression of this protease, a trend did emerge that high cathepsin L expression in tissue correlated with its high levels in plasma.
CONCLUSION: Cathepsin L levels in plasma of pancreatic cancer patients may be used as a potential prognostic marker for the disease.
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Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Cathepsin L and B are commonly expressed cysteine proteinases that play a major role in lysosomal bulk proteolysis, protein processing, matrix degradation, and tissue remodelling. In tumors there is deregulation of these proteases that interferes with these normal biological processes. In a pilot study done in our lab expression of cathepsin L and B were found to be significantly elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pediatric AML patients. However the expression of these proteases in bone marrow aspirate, which represents almost true population of blasts, has never been studied before.
Methods: Enzymatic activities of cathepsin L and B were assayed in PBMCs and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) of AML patients and healthy controls. Further expression of these proteases and its inhibitor were confirmed by western blotting and real time assay. Cell cycle analysis in PBMCs and BMMCs of these patients was performed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide.
Results: In the PBMCs of pediatric AML patients activity of cathepsin L and B was found to be significantly elevated as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, increased activity of cathepsin L and B was also observed in the BMMCs when compared with PBMCs of these patients. Furthermore, protein and mRNA expression also confirmed the increased level of these proteases in pediatric AML. The protein and mRNA expression of their endogenous inhibitor cystatin-C was found to be decreased in PBMCs and BMMCs of AML patients. Moreover, expression of these proteases correlated positively with the percentage of blasts and percentage of cells in S-phase.
Conclusion: This study for the first time demonstrates the increased expression of cathepsin L and B in the BMMCs and PBMCs of pediatric AML patients, along with a positive correlation with percentage of blasts, thereby suggesting a potential role of these proteases in the severity of this disease.
Citation Format: Garima Pandey, Sameer Bakhshi, Ratnakar Singh, Shyam S. Chauhan. Clinical significance of cathepsin L and B expression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1868. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1868
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Chauhan SS, Celi P, Leury BJ, Clarke IJ, Dunshea FR. Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses improve oxidative status and reduce the negative effects of heat stress in sheep. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3364-74. [PMID: 24894002 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of heat (thermal) stress and dietary antioxidant supplementation on the oxidative and physiological status of sheep. Twenty-four Merino × Poll Dorset crossbred ewes were housed in 1 of 2 climatic chambers (thermoneutral or heat stress) and offered either a control (10 IU vitamin E/kg DM and 0.24 mg Se/kg DM) or high antioxidant (100 IU vitamin E/kg DM and 1.20 mg Se/kg DM) diet. The sheep were exposed to 2 thermal (temperature) treatments (thermoneutral [TN]: 18-21°C and 26-30% relative humidity; and heat stress [HS]: 28-40°C and 40-50% relative humidity) for 2 wk in a single reversal design. After 1 wk of dietary treatment, animals in 1 chamber were subjected to HS for 1 wk, with the temperature being increased to 40°C between 0900 and 1700 h and then maintained at 28°C overnight. Those sheep in the TN group were maintained at 18 to 21°C. Physiological parameters were recorded 4 times a day (0900, 1300, 1700, and 2100 h) and blood samples were collected on d 1 and 7 of heat treatment. Plasma samples and red blood cell lysates were assayed for oxidative stress biomarkers. The thermal treatments were then reversed and the above measures repeated. All measured physiological parameters were elevated (P < 0.001) by thermal treatment. Respiration rate was lower during HS in sheep supplemented with antioxidants as indicated by a diet × temperature × time interaction (P = 0.010). There was 13% decline (P = 0.014) in feed intake of the unsupplemented animals during HS whereas the same was maintained in sheep supplemented with high doses of antioxidants. Plasma reactive oxygen metabolites concentrations were reduced (114 vs. 85 units/dL; P < 0.005) while biological antioxidant potential tended to be increased (3,688 vs. 3,985 μmol/L; P = 0.070) in heat stressed sheep supplemented with antioxidants. The oxidative stress index was 30% lower (P < 0.001) in supplemented sheep (2.16 ± 0.06 arbitrary units) during HS than in unsupplemented sheep (3.12 ± 0.08 arbitrary units). Plasma advanced oxidation protein products tended (P = 0.070) to decrease in antioxidant supplemented heat stressed sheep as compared to their unsupplemented counterparts. It was concluded that heat stress negatively affects the oxidative status of sheep along with the physiological responses and some of these affects can be ameliorated through dietary antioxidants supplementation at supranutritional concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chauhan
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla 171005, India Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - P Celi
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - B J Leury
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - I J Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
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Singh R, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Singh M, Chauhan SS. Transcription factor C/EBP-β mediates downregulation of dipeptidyl-peptidase III expression by interleukin-6 in human glioblastoma cells. FEBS J 2014; 281:1629-41. [PMID: 24472318 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic metallo-aminopeptidase implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. A previous study from our laboratory indicated an elevated expression of DPP III in glioblastoma (U87MG) cells. In the present study we investigated the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by glial tumors, in the regulation of DPP III expression. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used for quantitation of DPP III and IL-6 in human glioblastoma cells and tumors. Cell transfections and DPP III promoter reporter assays were performed to study the transcriptional regulation of DPP III by IL-6. Promoter deletion analysis, site directed mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was employed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of IL-6 mediated regulation of DPP III expression in glioblastoma cells. Our results for the first time demonstrate a negative correlation (r = 0.632, P = 0.01) between DPP III and IL-6 in both human tumors and cultured glioblastoma cells. Treatment of U87MG cells with IL-6 significantly decreased DPP III expression with a concomitant increase in the levels of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP-β). Deletion/mutagenesis of C/EBP-β binding motif of DPP III promoter significantly increased its activity and abolished its responsiveness to IL-6. This effect could also be mimicked by C/EBP-β siRNA. In conclusion our study for the first time demonstrates C/EBP-β mediated transcriptional downregulation of DPP III by IL-6. Our results demonstrating a negative correlation between IL-6 and DPP III taken together with the previously reported prognostic significance of this cytokine in glioblastoma suggests that DPP III may prove useful as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hasan MR, Sharma R, Saraya A, Chattopadhyay TK, DattaGupta S, Walfish PG, Chauhan SS, Ralhan R. Slug is a predictor of poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82846. [PMID: 24367561 PMCID: PMC3867395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slug, a regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition, was identified to be differentially expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using cDNA microarrays by our laboratory. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of Slug overexpression in ESCC and determine its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and disease prognosis for ESCC patients. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of Slug expression was carried out in archived tissue sections from 91 ESCCs, 61 dysplastic and 47 histologically normal esophageal tissues. Slug immunopositivity in epithelial cells was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease prognosis over up to 7.5 years for ESCC patients. Results Increased expression of Slug was observed in esophageal dysplasia [cytoplasmic, 24/61 (39.3%) cases, p = 0.001, odd’s ratio (OR) = 4.7; nuclear, 11/61 (18%) cases, p < 0.001, OR = 1.36] in comparison with normal esophageal tissues. The Slug expression was further increased in ESCCs [cytoplasmic, 64/91 (70.3%) p < 0.001, OR = 10.0; nuclear, 27/91 (29.7%) p < 0.001, OR = 1.42]. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed significant association of nuclear Slug accumulation with reduced disease free survival of ESCC patients (median disease free survival (DFS) = 6 months, as compared to those that did not show overexpression, DFS = 18 months; p = 0.006). In multivariate Cox regression analysis nuclear Slug expression [p= 0.005, Hazard’s ratio (HR) = 2.269, 95% CI = 1.289 - 3.996] emerged as the most significant independent predictor of poor prognosis for ESCC patients. Conclusions Alterations in Slug expression occur in early stages of development of ESCC and are sustained during disease progression. Slug may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and as a predictor of poor disease prognosis to identify ESCC patients that are likely to show recurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Raghibul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinu Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar K. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddartha DattaGupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Paul G. Walfish
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (SSC); (TR)
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (SSC); (TR)
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Sharma G, Jayasundar R, Chauhan SS, Velpandian T. Abstract C108: Therapeutic potential of anticancer polyherbal formulations. Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-c108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and poses a huge health challenge (1). The global burden of cancer continues to increase despite advances in cancer therapeutics. There is renewed interest in plant-based drugs and growing appreciation of the use of polyherbal formulations (2). Multitargeted polyherbal formulations provide synergistic or additive preventive effects when the agents are combined could theoretically permit the administration of the lowest active dose of each agent and therefore lower the potential for adverse side effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and generally considered resistant to chemo- and radiotherapies. Resisting cell death and angiogenesis are two important hallmarks of cancer cells. Therefore, apoptosis and blocking of angiogenesis are crucial therapeutic approaches. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of four polyherbal formulations on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells and their antiangiogenic potential on chick-chorioallantoic membrane.
Materials and Methods: The following were the studies carried out: (i) cytotoxicity using MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay; (ii) apoptosis detection using Annexin V-FITC Propidium Iodide staining and flow cytometry [the frequency of annexin-positive cells (apoptotic) was determined using BD FACSDiva software]; (iii) DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation evaluated with Hoechst 33258 staining and flourescent microscopy; and (iv) evaluation of atiangiogenic potential the formulations using ex-ovo chick Chorio-Allantoic Membrane (CAM) assay.
Results: All four formulations (VK, MK, KG, and GTK) showed significant cytotoxicity with inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 48.6, 57.0, 41.7, and 48.3 µg/ml, respectively at 24h and 32.4, 31.2, 37.5, 29.9 µg/ml, respectively at 48h of treatment. Maximum apoptosis was observed at concentration of 100 µg/ml in HepG2 cells after 48 h of treatment. Treatment induced apoptosis (cumulative) was 98.8% (VK), 94% (MK), 91.7% (KG), and 97.9% (GTK) at 100 µg/ml, in comparison to 88.6% for paclitaxel (10 µg/ml). Apoptosis was further confirmed by the observation of DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in fluorescent microscopy. The formulation VK showed maximum anti-neoplastic activity followed by GTK, MK, and KG. It is interesting to note that the cell death pattern observed with the polyherbal formulations is comparable to that of the synthetic single molecule drug paclitaxel. The microscopic evaluation and morphometric image analysis of area of vascularization revealed that all four formulations showed significant inhibition of neo-vascularization. Maximum anti-angiogenic activity was observed at 100 µg/ml. Inhibition of vascularization observed at 100 µg/ml was 36.6 ± 3.5 mm2 (VK), 30.9 ± 7.0 mm2 (MK), 32.6 ± 6.6 mm2 (KG), and 33.2 ± 4.3 mm2 (GTK). On the other hand, thalidomide resulted in 36.4 ± 3.6 mm2 at 10 µg/ml.
Conclusions: All four classic polyherbal formulations showed significant anticancer and antiangiogenic activity compared to chemothereputic drugs. However, VK and MK showed the maximum anticancer and antiangiogenic activity, respectively.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C108.
Citation Format: Gaurav Sharma, Rama Jayasundar, Shyam S. Chauhan, Thirumurthy Velpandian. Therapeutic potential of anticancer polyherbal formulations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- 1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Jayasundar
- 1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- 2Deapartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- 3Department of Occular Phamacology, Dr. R. P. Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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