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Li JL, Hayden MR, Almqvist EW, Brinkman RR, Durr A, Dodé C, Morrison PJ, Suchowersky O, Ross CA, Margolis RL, Rosenblatt A, Gómez-Tortosa E, Cabrero DM, Novelletto A, Frontali M, Nance M, Trent RJA, McCusker E, Jones R, Paulsen JS, Harrison M, Zanko A, Abramson RK, Russ AL, Knowlton B, Djoussé L, Mysore JS, Tariot S, Gusella MF, Wheeler VC, Atwood LD, Cupples LA, Saint-Hilaire M, Cha JHJ, Hersch SM, Koroshetz WJ, Gusella JF, MacDonald ME, Myers RH. A genome scan for modifiers of age at onset in Huntington disease: The HD MAPS study. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:682-7. [PMID: 12900792 PMCID: PMC1180695 DOI: 10.1086/378133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2003] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat within the coding region of a novel gene on 4p16.3. Although the variation in age at onset is partly explained by the size of the expanded repeat, the unexplained variation in age at onset is strongly heritable (h2=0.56), which suggests that other genes modify the age at onset of HD. To identify these modifier loci, we performed a 10-cM density genomewide scan in 629 affected sibling pairs (295 pedigrees and 695 individuals), using ages at onset adjusted for the expanded and normal CAG repeat sizes. Because all those studied were HD affected, estimates of allele sharing identical by descent at and around the HD locus were adjusted by a positionally weighted method to correct for the increased allele sharing at 4p. Suggestive evidence for linkage was found at 4p16 (LOD=1.93), 6p21-23 (LOD=2.29), and 6q24-26 (LOD=2.28), which may be useful for investigation of genes that modify age at onset of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Li
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael R. Hayden
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Elisabeth W. Almqvist
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Ryan R. Brinkman
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Catherine Dodé
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Patrick J. Morrison
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Oksana Suchowersky
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Russell L. Margolis
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Adam Rosenblatt
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Estrella Gómez-Tortosa
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - David Mayo Cabrero
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Andrea Novelletto
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Marina Frontali
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Martha Nance
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Ronald J. A. Trent
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Elizabeth McCusker
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Randi Jones
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Jane S. Paulsen
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Madeline Harrison
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Andrea Zanko
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Ruth K. Abramson
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Ana L. Russ
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Beth Knowlton
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Jayalakshmi S. Mysore
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Suzanne Tariot
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael F. Gusella
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Vanessa C. Wheeler
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Larry D. Atwood
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Marie Saint-Hilaire
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Jang-Ho J. Cha
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Steven M. Hersch
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Walter J. Koroshetz
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - James F. Gusella
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Marcy E. MacDonald
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
| | - Richard H. Myers
- Department of Neurology and Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Program and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA; Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, and Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin, Paris; Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast; School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore; Servicio de Neurología y Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid; Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy; Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome; Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, and Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Neurology Department, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, SC
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