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Bachman SP, Brown MJM, Leão TCC, Nic Lughadha E, Walker BE. Extinction risk predictions for the world's flowering plants to support their conservation. New Phytol 2024; 242:797-808. [PMID: 38437880 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
More than 70% of all vascular plants lack conservation status assessments. We aimed to address this shortfall in knowledge of species extinction risk by using the World Checklist of Vascular Plants to generate the first comprehensive set of predictions for a large clade: angiosperms (flowering plants, c. 330 000 species). We used Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) to predict the extinction risk of all angiosperms using predictors relating to range size, human footprint, climate, and evolutionary history and applied a novel approach to estimate uncertainty of individual species-level predictions. From our model predictions, we estimate 45.1% of angiosperm species are potentially threatened with a lower bound of 44.5% and upper bound of 45.7%. Our species-level predictions, with associated uncertainty estimates, do not replace full global, or regional Red List assessments, but can be used to prioritise predicted threatened species for full Red List assessment and fast-track predicted non-threatened species for Least Concern assessments. Our predictions and uncertainty estimates can also guide fieldwork, inform systematic conservation planning and support global plant conservation efforts and targets.
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2
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Brown MJM, Bachman SP, Nic Lughadha E. Three in four undescribed plant species are threatened with extinction. New Phytol 2023; 240:1340-1344. [PMID: 37583098 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Special Collection ‘Global plant diversity and distribution’. See https://www.newphytologist.org/global-plant-diversity for more details.
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3
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Walker BE, Leão TCC, Bachman SP, Lucas E, Nic Lughadha E. Evidence-based guidelines for automated conservation assessments of plant species. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e13992. [PMID: 36047690 PMCID: PMC10092660 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Assessing species' extinction risk is vital to setting conservation priorities. However, assessment endeavors, such as those used to produce the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, have significant gaps in taxonomic coverage. Automated assessment (AA) methods are gaining popularity to fill these gaps. Choices made in developing, using, and reporting results of AA methods could hinder their successful adoption or lead to poor allocation of conservation resources. We explored how choice of data cleaning type and level, taxonomic group, training sample, and automation method affect performance of threat status predictions for plant species. We used occurrences from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to generate assessments for species in 3 taxonomic groups based on 6 different occurrence-based AA methods. We measured each method's performance and coverage following increasingly stringent occurrence cleaning. Automatically cleaned data from GBIF performed comparably to occurrence records cleaned manually by experts. However, all types of data cleaning limited the coverage of AAs. Overall, machine-learning-based methods performed well across taxa, even with minimal data cleaning. Results suggest a machine-learning-based method applied to minimally cleaned data offers the best compromise between performance and species coverage. However, optimal data cleaning, training sample, and automation methods depend on the study group, intended applications, and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eve Lucas
- Royal Botanic GardensKewRichmond, Surrey, TW9 3AEUK
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4
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Antonelli A, Smith RJ, Perrigo AL, Crottini A, Hackel J, Testo W, Farooq H, Torres Jiménez MF, Andela N, Andermann T, Andriamanohera AM, Andriambololonera S, Bachman SP, Bacon CD, Baker WJ, Belluardo F, Birkinshaw C, Borrell JS, Cable S, Canales NA, Carrillo JD, Clegg R, Clubbe C, Cooke RSC, Damasco G, Dhanda S, Edler D, Faurby S, de Lima Ferreira P, Fisher BL, Forest F, Gardiner LM, Goodman SM, Grace OM, Guedes TB, Henniges MC, Hill R, Lehmann CER, Lowry PP, Marline L, Matos-Maraví P, Moat J, Neves B, Nogueira MGC, Onstein RE, Papadopulos AST, Perez-Escobar OA, Phelps LN, Phillipson PB, Pironon S, Przelomska NAS, Rabarimanarivo M, Rabehevitra D, Raharimampionona J, Rajaonah MT, Rajaonary F, Rajaovelona LR, Rakotoarinivo M, Rakotoarisoa AA, Rakotoarisoa SE, Rakotomalala HN, Rakotonasolo F, Ralaiveloarisoa BA, Ramirez-Herranz M, Randriamamonjy JEN, Randriamboavonjy T, Randrianasolo V, Rasolohery A, Ratsifandrihamanana AN, Ravololomanana N, Razafiniary V, Razanajatovo H, Razanatsoa E, Rivers M, Sayol F, Silvestro D, Vorontsova MS, Walker K, Walker BE, Wilkin P, Williams J, Ziegler T, Zizka A, Ralimanana H. Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Evolution, distribution, and use. Science 2022; 378:eabf0869. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Madagascar’s biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review the current state of knowledge on Madagascar’s past and current terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by compiling and presenting comprehensive data on species diversity, endemism, and rates of species description and human uses, in addition to presenting an updated and simplified map of vegetation types. We report a substantial increase of records and species new to science in recent years; however, the diversity and evolution of many groups remain practically unknown (e.g., fungi and most invertebrates). Digitization efforts are increasing the resolution of species richness patterns and we highlight the crucial role of field- and collections-based research for advancing biodiversity knowledge and identifying gaps in our understanding, particularly as species richness corresponds closely to collection effort. Phylogenetic diversity patterns mirror that of species richness and endemism in most of the analyzed groups. We highlight humid forests as centers of diversity and endemism because of their role as refugia and centers of recent and rapid radiations. However, the distinct endemism of other areas, such as the grassland-woodland mosaic of the Central Highlands and the spiny forest of the southwest, is also biologically important despite lower species richness. The documented uses of Malagasy biodiversity are manifold, with much potential for the uncovering of new useful traits for food, medicine, and climate mitigation. The data presented here showcase Madagascar as a unique “living laboratory” for our understanding of evolution and the complex interactions between people and nature. The gathering and analysis of biodiversity data must continue and accelerate if we are to fully understand and safeguard this unique subset of Earth’s biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rhian J. Smith
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Allison L. Perrigo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Weston Testo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Harith Farooq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lúrio University, Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique
| | - Maria F. Torres Jiménez
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Niels Andela
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Tobias Andermann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Christine D. Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Francesco Belluardo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Chris Birkinshaw
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Stuart Cable
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Nataly A. Canales
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan D. Carrillo
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rosie Clegg
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Colin Clubbe
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Robert S. C. Cooke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sonia Dhanda
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniel Edler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paola de Lima Ferreira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Brian L. Fisher
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Lauren M. Gardiner
- Cambridge University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Thaís B. Guedes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie C. Henniges
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rowena Hill
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Caroline E. R. Lehmann
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Porter P. Lowry
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Lovanomenjanahary Marline
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Beatriz Neves
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus G. C. Nogueira
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, the Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Leanne N. Phelps
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter B. Phillipson
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalia A. S. Przelomska
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - David Rabehevitra
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Mamy Tiana Rajaonah
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Fano Rajaonary
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Landy R. Rajaovelona
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Mijoro Rakotoarinivo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Amédée A. Rakotoarisoa
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Solofo E. Rakotoarisoa
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Herizo N. Rakotomalala
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Franck Rakotonasolo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Myriam Ramirez-Herranz
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, University of La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | | | | | - Vonona Randrianasolo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Velosoa Razafiniary
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Henintsoa Razanajatovo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Razanatsoa
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Ferran Sayol
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Kim Walker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Paul Wilkin
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Thomas Ziegler
- Cologne Zoo, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hélène Ralimanana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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5
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Ralimanana H, Perrigo AL, Smith RJ, Borrell JS, Faurby S, Rajaonah MT, Randriamboavonjy T, Vorontsova MS, Cooke RSC, Phelps LN, Sayol F, Andela N, Andermann T, Andriamanohera AM, Andriambololonera S, Bachman SP, Bacon CD, Baker WJ, Belluardo F, Birkinshaw C, Cable S, Canales NA, Carrillo JD, Clegg R, Clubbe C, Crottini A, Damasco G, Dhanda S, Edler D, Farooq H, de Lima Ferreira P, Fisher BL, Forest F, Gardiner LM, Goodman SM, Grace OM, Guedes TB, Hackel J, Henniges MC, Hill R, Lehmann CER, Lowry PP, Marline L, Matos-Maraví P, Moat J, Neves B, Nogueira MGC, Onstein RE, Papadopulos AST, Perez-Escobar OA, Phillipson PB, Pironon S, Przelomska NAS, Rabarimanarivo M, Rabehevitra D, Raharimampionona J, Rajaonary F, Rajaovelona LR, Rakotoarinivo M, Rakotoarisoa AA, Rakotoarisoa SE, Rakotomalala HN, Rakotonasolo F, Ralaiveloarisoa BA, Ramirez-Herranz M, Randriamamonjy JEN, Randrianasolo V, Rasolohery A, Ratsifandrihamanana AN, Ravololomanana N, Razafiniary V, Razanajatovo H, Razanatsoa E, Rivers M, Silvestro D, Testo W, Torres Jiménez MF, Walker K, Walker BE, Wilkin P, Williams J, Ziegler T, Zizka A, Antonelli A. Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities. Science 2022; 378:eadf1466. [DOI: 10.1126/science.adf1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Madagascar’s unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar’s terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses on documented and predicted species-level conservation statuses, the most prevalent and relevant threats, ex situ collections and programs, and the coverage and comprehensiveness of protected areas. The existing terrestrial protected area network in Madagascar covers 10.4% of its land area and includes at least part of the range of the majority of described native species of vertebrates with known distributions (97.1% of freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined) and plants (67.7%). The overall figures are higher for threatened species (97.7% of threatened vertebrates and 79.6% of threatened plants occurring within at least one protected area). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments and Bayesian neural network analyses for plants identify overexploitation of biological resources and unsustainable agriculture as the most prominent threats to biodiversity. We highlight five opportunities for action at multiple levels to ensure that conservation and ecological restoration objectives, programs, and activities take account of complex underlying and interacting factors and produce tangible benefits for the biodiversity and people of Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ralimanana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Allison L. Perrigo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhian J. Smith
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mamy Tiana Rajaonah
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Robert S. C. Cooke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Leanne N. Phelps
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ferran Sayol
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niels Andela
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Tobias Andermann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Christine D. Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Francesco Belluardo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Chris Birkinshaw
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart Cable
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Nataly A. Canales
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan D. Carrillo
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rosie Clegg
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Colin Clubbe
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sonia Dhanda
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniel Edler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Harith Farooq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lúrio University, Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique
| | - Paola de Lima Ferreira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Lauren M. Gardiner
- Cambridge University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Thaís B. Guedes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Marie C. Henniges
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rowena Hill
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Caroline E. R. Lehmann
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Porter P. Lowry
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Lovanomenjanahary Marline
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Beatriz Neves
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus G. C. Nogueira
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter B. Phillipson
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalia A. S. Przelomska
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - David Rabehevitra
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Fano Rajaonary
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Landy R. Rajaovelona
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Mijoro Rakotoarinivo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Amédée A. Rakotoarisoa
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Solofo E. Rakotoarisoa
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Herizo N. Rakotomalala
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Franck Rakotonasolo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Myriam Ramirez-Herranz
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, University of La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | | | - Vonona Randrianasolo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Velosoa Razafiniary
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Henintsoa Razanajatovo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Razanatsoa
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Weston Testo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria F. Torres Jiménez
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kim Walker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Paul Wilkin
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Thomas Ziegler
- Cologne Zoo, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Tack W, Engledow H, Veríssimo Pereira N, Amani C, Bachman SP, Barberá P, Beentje HJ, Bouka GUD, Cheek M, Cosiaux A, Dauby G, De Block P, Ewango CEN, Fischer E, Gereau RE, Hargreaves S, Harvey-Brown Y, Ikabanga DU, Ilunga wa Ilunga E, Kalema J, Kamau P, Lachenaud O, Luke Q, Mwanga Mwanga I, Ndolo Ebika ST, Nkengurutse J, Nsanzurwimo A, Ntore S, Richards SL, Shutsha Ehata R, Simo-Droissart M, Stévart T, Sosef MSM. The ECAT dataset: expert-validated distribution data of endemic and sub-endemic trees of Central Africa (Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi). PhytoKeys 2022; 206:137-151. [PMID: 36761267 PMCID: PMC9849015 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.206.77379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this data paper, we present a specimen-based occurrence dataset compiled in the framework of the Conservation of Endemic Central African Trees (ECAT) project with the aim of producing global conservation assessments for the IUCN Red List. The project targets all tree species endemic or sub-endemic to the Central African region comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), Rwanda, and Burundi. The dataset contains 6361 plant collection records with occurrences of 8910 specimens from 337 taxa belonging to 153 genera in 52 families. Many of these tree taxa have restricted geographic ranges and are only known from a small number of herbarium specimens. As assessments for such taxa can be compromised by inadequate data, we transcribed and geo-referenced specimen label information to obtain a more accurate and complete locality dataset. All specimen data were manually cleaned and verified by botanical experts, resulting in improved data quality and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Tack
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
| | - Henry Engledow
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
| | - Nuno Veríssimo Pereira
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
| | - Christian Amani
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the CongoIUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA)GlandSwitzerland
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Steven P. Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Patricia Barberá
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar DepartmentSt. LouisUnited States of America
| | - Henk J. Beentje
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaël U. D. Bouka
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l’Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the CongoUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martin Cheek
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Ariane Cosiaux
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Gilles Dauby
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Petra De Block
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
| | - Corneille E. N. Ewango
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, FranceUniversité de KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Eberhard Fischer
- Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the CongoUniversity of Koblenz and LandauKoblenzGermany
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, GermanyIUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA)GlandSwitzerland
| | - Roy E. Gereau
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar DepartmentSt. LouisUnited States of America
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, GermanyIUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA)GlandSwitzerland
| | - Serene Hargreaves
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Yvette Harvey-Brown
- IUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA), Gland, SwitzerlandBotanic Gardens Conservation InternationalRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Davy U. Ikabanga
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, Surrey, UKUniversity of Sciences and Techniques of MasukuFrancevilleGabon
| | - Edouard Ilunga wa Ilunga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku, BP: 941, Franceville, GabonUniversité de LubumbashiLubumbashiDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - James Kalema
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Herbarium de Lubumbashi, Université de Lubumbashi, 1825, Route Kasapa, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the CongoMakerere University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences Microbiology and BiotechnologyKampalaUganda
| | - Peris Kamau
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Makerere University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences Microbiology and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, UgandaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Olivier Lachenaud
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166-00100, Nairobi, KenyaUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Quentin Luke
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- Makerere University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences Microbiology and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, UgandaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Ithe Mwanga Mwanga
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, C.P. 265, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050, Brussels, BelgiumCentre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles CRSN/Lwiro, Laboratoire de Systématiquement et Taxonomie végétaleBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sydney T. Ndolo Ebika
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l’Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the CongoUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Nkengurutse
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles CRSN/Lwiro, Laboratoire de Systématiquement et Taxonomie végétale, D.S. Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the CongoUniversity of BurundiBujumburaBurundi
| | - Aimable Nsanzurwimo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Burundi, P.O. Box 2700, Bujumbura, BurundiDepartment of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, INES-RuhengeriRuhengeriRwanda
| | - Salvator Ntore
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- IUCN SSC Eastern African Plant Red List Authority (EAPRLA), Gland, SwitzerlandUniversité Officielle de BukavuBukavuDemocratic Republic of the Congo
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, GermanyIUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA)GlandSwitzerland
| | - Sophie L. Richards
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Reddy Shutsha Ehata
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, FranceUniversité de KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Murielle Simo-Droissart
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, B.P.155 Ruhengeri, RwandaUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA)GlandSwaziland
| | - Tariq Stévart
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar DepartmentSt. LouisUnited States of America
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, GermanyIUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA)GlandSwitzerland
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166-00100, Nairobi, KenyaUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Marc S. M. Sosef
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraße 1, Koblenz, 56070, GermanyIUCN SSC Central Africa Plant Red List Authority (CARLA)GlandSwitzerland
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7
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Ribeiro BR, Velazco SJE, Guidoni‐Martins K, Tessarolo G, Jardim L, Bachman SP, Loyola R. bdc
: A toolkit for standardizing, integrating, and cleaning biodiversity data. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R. Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | - Santigo José Elías Velazco
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California ‐ Riverside California USA
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones ‐ CONICET Puerto Iguazú Misiones Argentina
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino‐Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu Paraná Brazil
| | - Karlo Guidoni‐Martins
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | - Geiziane Tessarolo
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, UEG, Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas ‐ CCET, Anápolis Goiás Brazil
| | - Lucas Jardim
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Ecologia, Evolução e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Loyola
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia Goiás Brazil
- Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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8
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Panter CT, Clegg RL, Moat J, Bachman SP, Klitgård BB, White RL. To clean or not to clean: Cleaning open‐source data improves extinction risk assessments for threatened plant species. Conservat Sci and Prac 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Connor T. Panter
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences University of Brighton Brighton East Sussex United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey United Kingdom
| | | | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rachel L. White
- Ecology, Conservation and Zoonosis Research and Enterprise, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences University of Brighton Brighton East Sussex United Kingdom
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9
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Nic Lughadha E, Bachman SP, Leão TCC, Forest F, Halley JM, Moat J, Acedo C, Bacon KL, Brewer RFA, Gâteblé G, Gonçalves SC, Govaerts R, Hollingsworth PM, Krisai‐Greilhuber I, Lirio EJ, Moore PGP, Negrão R, Onana JM, Rajaovelona LR, Razanajatovo H, Reich PB, Richards SL, Rivers MC, Cooper A, Iganci J, Lewis GP, Smidt EC, Antonelli A, Mueller GM, Walker BE. Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi. Plants People Planet 2020; 2:389-408. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/ppp3.10146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven P. Bachman
- Conservation Science Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | | | - Félix Forest
- Analytical Methods Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - John M. Halley
- Laboratory of Ecology Department of Biological Applications & Technology University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Justin Moat
- Bioinformatics and Spatial Analysis Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - Carmen Acedo
- Department of Biodiversity and Environment Management Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Campus of Vegazana University of León León Spain
| | - Karen L. Bacon
- Botany & Plant Sciences School of Natural Sciences National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - Ryan F. A. Brewer
- Conservation Science Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - Gildas Gâteblé
- Equipe ARBOREAL Institut Agronomique néo‐Calédonien Mont‐Dore New Caledonia
| | - Susana C. Gonçalves
- Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Rafaël Govaerts
- Bioinformatics and Spatial Analysis Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | | | - Irmgard Krisai‐Greilhuber
- Mycology Research Group Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Elton J. Lirio
- Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Negrão
- Conservation Science Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - Jean Michel Onana
- Systematics, Biodiversity and Conservation of Plants Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I & National Herbarium of Cameroon Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Landy R. Rajaovelona
- Conservation Science Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
- Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Henintsoa Razanajatovo
- Conservation Science Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
- Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | | | | | - Amanda Cooper
- Bioinformatics and Spatial Analysis Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal HollowayUniversity of London Egham UK
| | - João Iganci
- Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
| | - Eric C. Smidt
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Gregory M. Mueller
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Chicago Botanic Garden Chicago IL USA
| | - Barnaby E. Walker
- Conservation Science Department Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond UK
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10
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Walker BE, Leão TCC, Bachman SP, Bolam FC, Nic Lughadha E. Caution Needed When Predicting Species Threat Status for Conservation Prioritization on a Global Scale. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:520. [PMID: 32411173 PMCID: PMC7199234 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby E. Walker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Barnaby E. Walker
| | | | | | - Friederike C. Bolam
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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11
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Moat J, Bachman SP, Field R, Boyd DS. Refining area of occupancy to address the modifiable areal unit problem in ecology and conservation. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:1278-1289. [PMID: 29797481 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The modifiable areal unit problem is prevalent across many aspects of spatial analysis within ecology and conservation. The problem is particularly manifested when calculating metrics for extinction risk estimation, for example, area of occupancy (AOO). Although embedded in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria, AOO is often not used or is poorly applied. We evaluated new and existing methods for calculating AOO from occurrence records and devised a method for determining the minimum AOO with a uniform grid. We evaluated the grid cell shape, origin, and rotation with real-world and simulated data and reviewed the effects on AOO values and possible impacts for species already assessed on the IUCN Red List. The AOO varied by up to 80%, and a ratio of cells to points of 1:1.21 yielded the maximum variation in the number of occupied cells. These findings potentially impact 3% of existing species on the IUCN Red List and species not yet assessed. Our new method combined grid rotation and moving grid origin and gave fast, robust, and reproducible results and, in the majority of cases, achieved the minimum AOO. As well as determining minimum AOO, our method yielded a confidence interval that should be incorporated into existing tools that support species risk assessment. We recommend when recording AOO and other areal measurements that the methods; summary statistics across multiple iterations; angle and origin of the minimum grid; map projection; and datum be recorded, this will lead to more robust species risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Steven P Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Doreen S Boyd
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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12
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Nic Lughadha E, Walker BE, Canteiro C, Chadburn H, Davis AP, Hargreaves S, Lucas EJ, Schuiteman A, Williams E, Bachman SP, Baines D, Barker A, Budden AP, Carretero J, Clarkson JJ, Roberts A, Rivers MC. The use and misuse of herbarium specimens in evaluating plant extinction risks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20170402. [PMID: 30455216 PMCID: PMC6282085 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbarium specimens provide verifiable and citable evidence of the occurrence of particular plants at particular points in space and time, and are vital resources for assessing extinction risk in the tropics, where plant diversity and threats to plants are greatest. We reviewed approaches to assessing extinction risk in response to the Convention on Biological Diversity's Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Target 2: an assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species by 2020. We tested five alternative approaches, using herbarium-derived data for trees, shrubs and herbs in five different plant groups from temperate and tropical regions. All species were previously fully assessed for the IUCN Red List. We found significant variation in the accuracy with which different approaches classified species as threatened or not threatened. Accuracy was highest for the machine learning model (90%) but the least data-intensive approach also performed well (82%). Despite concerns about spatial, temporal and taxonomic biases and uncertainties in herbarium data, when specimens represent the best available evidence for particular species, their use as a basis for extinction risk assessment is appropriate, necessary and urgent. Resourcing herbaria to maintain, increase and disseminate their specimen data is essential to guide and focus conservation action.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eve J Lucas
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Baines
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE
| | - Amy Barker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Malin C Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond TW9 3BW, UK
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13
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Bachman SP, Nic Lughadha EM, Rivers MC. Quantifying progress toward a conservation assessment for all plants. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:516-524. [PMID: 29266390 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) set an ambitious target to achieve a conservation assessment for all known plant species by 2020. We consolidated digitally available plant conservation assessments and reconciled their scientific names and assessment status to predefined standards to provide a quantitative measure of progress toward this target. The 241,919 plant conservation assessments generated represent 111,824 accepted land plant species (vascular plants and bryophytes, not algae). At least 73,081 and up to 90,321 species have been assessed at the global scale, representing 21-26% of known plant species. Of these plant species, at least 27,148 and up to 32,542 are threatened. Eighty plant families, including some of the largest, such as Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, and Rubiaceae, are underassessed and should be the focus of assessment effort if the GSPC target is to be met by 2020. Our data set is accessible online (ThreatSearch) and is a baseline that can be used to directly support other GSPC targets and plant conservation action. Although around one-quarter of a million plant assessments have been compiled, the majority of plants are still unassessed. The challenge now is to build on this progress and redouble efforts to document conservation status of unassessed plants to better inform conservation decisions and conserve the most threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Malin C Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3BW, U.K
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14
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Nic Lughadha E, Bachman SP, Govaerts R. Plant States and Fates: Response to Pimm and Raven. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:887-889. [PMID: 28966011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Nic Lughadha
- Conservation Science, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK.
| | - Steven P Bachman
- Conservation Science, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Rafaël Govaerts
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
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15
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Collen B, Dulvy NK, Gaston KJ, Gärdenfors U, Keith DA, Punt AE, Regan HM, Böhm M, Hedges S, Seddon M, Butchart SHM, Hilton-Taylor C, Hoffmann M, Bachman SP, Akçakaya HR. Clarifying misconceptions of extinction risk assessment with the IUCN Red List. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2015.0843. [PMID: 27072401 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of species at risk of extinction is a central goal of conservation. As the use of data compiled for IUCN Red List assessments expands, a number of misconceptions regarding the purpose, application and use of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria have arisen. We outline five such classes of misconception; the most consequential drive proposals for adapted versions of the criteria, rendering assessments among species incomparable. A key challenge for the future will be to recognize the point where understanding has developed so markedly that it is time for the next generation of the Red List criteria. We do not believe we are there yet but, recognizing the need for scrutiny and continued development of Red Listing, conclude by suggesting areas where additional research could be valuable in improving the understanding of extinction risk among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ulf Gärdenfors
- Swedish Species Information Centre (ArtDatabanken), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - André E Punt
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915-5020, USA
| | - Helen M Regan
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Hedges
- Wildlife Conservation Society-Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mary Seddon
- IUCN Mollusc Specialist Group, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Steven P Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Reşit Akçakaya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Darrah SE, Bland LM, Bachman SP, Clubbe CP, Trias-Blasi A. Using coarse-scale species distribution data to predict extinction risk in plants. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Darrah
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC); Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Lucie M. Bland
- School of BioSciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Steven P. Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Richmond Surrey TW9 3AB UK
- School of Geography; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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Brummitt N, Bachman SP, Aletrari E, Chadburn H, Griffiths-Lee J, Lutz M, Moat J, Rivers MC, Syfert MM, Nic Lughadha EM. The sampled Red List Index for plants, phase II: ground-truthing specimen-based conservation assessments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140015. [PMID: 25561676 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IUCN Sampled Red List Index (SRLI) is a policy response by biodiversity scientists to the need to estimate trends in extinction risk of the world's diminishing biological diversity. Assessments of plant species for the SRLI project rely predominantly on herbarium specimen data from natural history collections, in the overwhelming absence of accurate population data or detailed distribution maps for the vast majority of plant species. This creates difficulties in re-assessing these species so as to measure genuine changes in conservation status, which must be observed under the same Red List criteria in order to be distinguished from an increase in the knowledge available for that species, and thus re-calculate the SRLI. However, the same specimen data identify precise localities where threatened species have previously been collected and can be used to model species ranges and to target fieldwork in order to test specimen-based range estimates and collect population data for SRLI plant species. Here, we outline a strategy for prioritizing fieldwork efforts in order to apply a wider range of IUCN Red List criteria to assessments of plant species, or any taxa with detailed locality or natural history specimen data, to produce a more robust estimation of the SRLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Brummitt
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Elina Aletrari
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Helen Chadburn
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Maiko Lutz
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Malin C Rivers
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Mindy M Syfert
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Brummitt NA, Bachman SP, Griffiths-Lee J, Lutz M, Moat JF, Farjon A, Donaldson JS, Hilton-Taylor C, Meagher TR, Albuquerque S, Aletrari E, Andrews AK, Atchison G, Baloch E, Barlozzini B, Brunazzi A, Carretero J, Celesti M, Chadburn H, Cianfoni E, Cockel C, Coldwell V, Concetti B, Contu S, Crook V, Dyson P, Gardiner L, Ghanim N, Greene H, Groom A, Harker R, Hopkins D, Khela S, Lakeman-Fraser P, Lindon H, Lockwood H, Loftus C, Lombrici D, Lopez-Poveda L, Lyon J, Malcolm-Tompkins P, McGregor K, Moreno L, Murray L, Nazar K, Power E, Quiton Tuijtelaars M, Salter R, Segrott R, Thacker H, Thomas LJ, Tingvoll S, Watkinson G, Wojtaszekova K, Nic Lughadha EM. Green Plants in the Red: A Baseline Global Assessment for the IUCN Sampled Red List Index for Plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135152. [PMID: 26252495 PMCID: PMC4529080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants provide fundamental support systems for life on Earth and are the basis for all terrestrial ecosystems; a decline in plant diversity will be detrimental to all other groups of organisms including humans. Decline in plant diversity has been hard to quantify, due to the huge numbers of known and yet to be discovered species and the lack of an adequate baseline assessment of extinction risk against which to track changes. The biodiversity of many remote parts of the world remains poorly known, and the rate of new assessments of extinction risk for individual plant species approximates the rate at which new plant species are described. Thus the question 'How threatened are plants?' is still very difficult to answer accurately. While completing assessments for each species of plant remains a distant prospect, by assessing a randomly selected sample of species the Sampled Red List Index for Plants gives, for the first time, an accurate view of how threatened plants are across the world. It represents the first key phase of ongoing efforts to monitor the status of the world's plants. More than 20% of plant species assessed are threatened with extinction, and the habitat with the most threatened species is overwhelmingly tropical rain forest, where the greatest threat to plants is anthropogenic habitat conversion, for arable and livestock agriculture, and harvesting of natural resources. Gymnosperms (e.g. conifers and cycads) are the most threatened group, while a third of plant species included in this study have yet to receive an assessment or are so poorly known that we cannot yet ascertain whether they are threatened or not. This study provides a baseline assessment from which trends in the status of plant biodiversity can be measured and periodically reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A. Brummitt
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Bachman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maiko Lutz
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Justin F. Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aljos Farjon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Donaldson
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, KRC, Private Bag X7, Claremont, South Africa
| | | | - Thomas R. Meagher
- School of Biology, Dyers Brae, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elina Aletrari
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Strand, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Kei Andrews
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Atchison
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alice Brunazzi
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Carretero
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Celesti
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Chadburn
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Cockel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sara Contu
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki Crook
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Dyson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Gardiner
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Ghanim
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Greene
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Groom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Harker
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Della Hopkins
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Khela
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Heather Lindon
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Lockwood
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Debora Lombrici
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Lopez-Poveda
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - James Lyon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kirsty McGregor
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Moreno
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Murray
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Keara Nazar
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Power
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Salter
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Segrott
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Thacker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Tingvoll
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Watkinson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Rakotoarinivo M, Dransfield J, Bachman SP, Moat J, Baker WJ. Comprehensive Red List assessment reveals exceptionally high extinction risk to Madagascar palms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103684. [PMID: 25075612 PMCID: PMC4116232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of baseline IUCN Red List assessments for plants is a crucial step in conservation planning. Nowhere is this more important than in biodiversity hotspots that are subject to significant anthropogenic pressures, such as Madagascar. Here, all Madagascar palm species are assessed using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1. Our results indicate that 83% of the 192 endemic species are threatened, nearly four times the proportion estimated for plants globally and exceeding estimates for all other comprehensively evaluated plant groups in Madagascar. Compared with a previous assessment in 1995, the number of Endangered and Critically Endangered species has substantially increased, due to the discovery of 28 new species since 1995, most of which are highly threatened. The conservation status of most species included in both the 1995 and the current assessments has not changed. Where change occurred, more species have moved to lower threat categories than to higher categories, because of improved knowledge of species and their distributions, rather than a decrease in extinction risk. However, some cases of genuine deterioration in conservation status were also identified. Palms in Madagascar are primarily threatened by habitat loss due to agriculture and biological resource use through direct exploitation or collateral damage. The recent extension of Madagascar’s protected area network is highly beneficial for palms, substantially increasing the number of threatened species populations included within reserves. Notably, three of the eight most important protected areas for palms are newly designated. However, 28 threatened and data deficient species are not protected by the expanded network, including some Critically Endangered species. Moreover, many species occurring in protected areas are still threatened, indicating that threatening processes persist even in reserves. Definitive implementation of the new protected areas combined with local community engagement are essential for the survival of Madagascar’s palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijoro Rakotoarinivo
- Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Ambodivoanjo Ivandry, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- * E-mail:
| | - John Dransfield
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Brummitt N, Bachman SP, Moat J. Applications of the IUCN Red List: towards a global barometer for plant diversity. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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