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AbiMansour J, Chin JYL, Kaur J, Vargas EJ, Abu Dayyeh BK, Law R, Garimella V, Levy MJ, Storm AC, Dierkhising R, Allen A, Venkatesh S, Chandrasekhara V. Endoscopic Ultrasound-based Shear Wave Elastography for Detection of Advanced Liver Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024:00004836-990000000-00288. [PMID: 38648501 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000002013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic ultrasound shear wave elastography (EUS-SWE) is a novel modality for liver stiffness measurement. The aims of this study are to evaluate the performance and reliability of EUS-SWE for detecting advanced liver disease in a prospective cohort. METHODS EUS-SWE measurements were prospectively obtained from patients undergoing EUS between August 2020 and March 2023. Liver stiffness measurements were compared between patients with and without advanced liver disease (ALD), defined as stage ≥3, to determine diagnostic accuracy for advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension. Logistic regression was performed to identify variables that impact the reliability of EUS-SWE readings. Select patients underwent paired magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for liver fibrosis correlation. RESULTS Patients with ALD demonstrated higher liver stiffness compared to healthy controls (left lobe: 17.6 vs. 12.7 kPa, P<0.001; median right lobe: 24.8 vs. 11.0 kPa, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) for the detection of ALD was 0.73 and 0.80 for left and right lobe measurements, respectively. General anesthesia was associated with reliable EUS-SWE liver readings (odds ratio: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.07-7.39, P=0.040). Left lobe measurements correlated significantly with MRE with an increase of 0.11 kPa (95% CI: 0.05-0.17 kPA) for every 1 kPa increase on EUS-SWE. D. CONCLUSIONS SWE is a promising technology that can readily be incorporated into standard EUS examinations for the assessment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad AbiMansour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jerry Yung-Lun Chin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jyotroop Kaur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Eric J Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ryan Law
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Vishal Garimella
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Michael J Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Andrew C Storm
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ross Dierkhising
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics
| | - Alina Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Vinay Chandrasekhara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
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Haldar P, Kumar P, Rai S, Kant S, Raj Y, Reddy C, Rajan S, Pandey A, Venkatesh S, Goswami K, Misra P. Prevalence and determinants of heterosexual anal-intercourse among female sex workers in India: Findings from nationwide cross-sectional biological and behavioural survey. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:251-265. [PMID: 36630617 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221147960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vulnerability of female sex workers (FSWs) to HIV infection increases if unprotected heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI) is practiced. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of HAI among FSWs, and associated factors, and prevalence of consistent condom use (CCU) during HAI and associated factors. METHODS Analysis of cross-sectional data from nationwide biological and behavioural survey, conducted at 73 randomly selected domains with sample size of 27,000 in India. RESULTS A total of 25,932 FSWs were included in the analysis, after excluding 1075 (3.9%) FSWs for which the data were incomplete. The prevalence of HAI was 29.9% (95% CI, 29.3, 30.4); The CCU during HAI in the last one month was 58.9%. Younger age at the start of sex work, use of mobile phone/internet for soliciting client, home as a place of sex work, consumption of alcohol/drug, and physical violence against FSWs were associated with higher odds of HAI. Frequent contact with outreach workers, awareness of sexually transmitted infection, and older age at the start of sex work was associated with CCU. CONCLUSION Prevalence of HAI was high among FSW in India. The national program could target those factors that reduce the odds of HAI and/or promote CCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Haldar
- Centre for Community Medicine, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Rai
- Centre for Community Medicine, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yujwal Raj
- 245567Formerly at National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Reddy
- 30117Formerly at Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India
| | - Shobini Rajan
- National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Pandey
- 28604Indian Council of Medial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- National Center for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Goswami
- Centre for Community Medicine, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Misra
- Centre for Community Medicine, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Venkatesh S, DeBrosse C, Muniyappa P. SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY PEDIATRIC EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS WITH DUPILUMAB. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sajjan VP, Anigol LB, Gurubasavaraj PM, Kotresha D, Pradhan S, Venkatesh S, Patil D. Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of phenoxyimine based ligands: Cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity and antioxidant assessment. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Venkatesh S, Bhalaji N. A Distance Vector Hop and Differential Evolution based Interception Strategy for detecting Cross Border Infiltration in Underground Tunnel. DEFENCE SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.72.17207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Securing the external border of a nation through potential surveillance is considered to be highly essential for safeguarding them from terrorists and other national armies that intentionally try to conquer regions. The infiltration of trespassers and terrorists into a territory is considered to greatly influence the harmony and peace of a nation. In this context, conventional border surveillance systems safeguard the border regions based on the pre-determined routes at various time intervals. However, the intensive involvement of human in patrolling is determined as the major challenge in the process of safeguarding longer border areas. Moreover, detecting the infiltration of terrorists through the underground tunnel is considered to be the other challenge. At this juncture, wireless sensor networks are considered to be the best suitable candidate for safeguarding the external borders through real-time monitoring to attain maximized accuracy, efficiency in the detection and least human intervention. In this paper, Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) and Differential Evolution (DE)-based Interception Strategy (DV-Hop-DE-IS) is proposed for accurate detection of cross border infiltration in the underground tunnel. This proposed DV-Hop-DE-IS includes the merits of converting the discrete values of hop count into a highly accurate continuous value depending on the information received from the number of shared one-hop nodes that exists between neighbouring nodes. This problem of intruder detection is formulated as the minimum optimization problem that could be optimally solved through the utilization of the Differential Evolution algorithm with maximized efficiency. The simulation results of the DV-Hop-DE-IS confirmed better detection rate, accuracy with a reduced false positive rate compared to the benchmarked intruder detection approaches.
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Kant S, Lohiya A, Rai SK, Misra P, Venkatesh S. Non-participation of female sex workers in HIV sentinel surveillance 2017 in the central zone, and its effect on observed HIV prevalence rate. Indian J Public Health 2021; 64:248-251. [PMID: 32985425 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_219_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) 2017 round, the sampling strategy to recruit female sex workers (FSWs) was changed from consecutive to random sampling. This may affect the participation and HIV positivity rates among FSWs. Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the nonparticipation rates among FSWs and its effect on the observed HIV prevalence rate during HSS-2017. Methods The data were collected from FSW sentinel sites located in the states of Delhi, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand (Central Zone). The HIV positivity rate among FSWs who participated in HSS-2017 was compared with the HIV positivity rate of those who did not participate. HIV status of the participants was obtained from HSS-2017 data. The master list of participating targeted intervention sites was accessed to obtain the last known HIV status of the eligible nonparticipants. Results Nonparticipation rate of FSWs from the central zone during HSS2017 was 10.8%. The HIV positivity rate among nonparticipant FSW was four times and six times higher in Delhi and UP, respectively. Conclusion Selective nonparticipation of eligible FSWs might have led to the underestimation of the HIV positivity rate in the central zone during the HSS-2017 round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant
- Professor, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Lohiya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Super Speciality Cancer Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Rai
- Professor, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Misra
- Professor, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Siva G, Venkatesh S, Prem Kumar G, Muthukumar M, Senthil Kumar T, Premkumar K, Jayabalan N. Rapid bio-reduction of Trivalent aurum using in vitro Babchi leaf powder and its cytotoxicity against breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. Appl Nanosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Venkatesh S, Sivapirakasam S, Sakthivel M, Ganeshkumar S, Mahendhira Prabhu M, Naveenkumar M. Experimental and numerical investigation in the series arrangement square cyclone separator. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sahu D, Kumar P, Chandra N, Rajan S, Shukla DK, Venkatesh S, Nair S, Kumar A, Singh J, Reddy S, Godbole S, Elangovan A, Saha MK, Rai S, Lakshmi PVM, Gambhir T, Ammassari S, Joshi D, Das A, Bakshi P, Chakraborty S, Palkar A, Singh SK, Reddy DCS, Kant S, Pandey A, Vardhana Rao MV. Findings from the 2017 HIV estimation round & trend analysis of key indicators 2010-2017: Evidence for prioritising HIV/AIDS programme in India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 151:562-570. [PMID: 32719229 PMCID: PMC7602920 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1619_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and the ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, the nodal agency for conducting HIV estimations in India, have been generating HIV estimates regularly since 2003. The objective of this study was to describe India's biennial HIV estimation 2017 process, data inputs, tool, methodology and epidemiological assumptions used to generate the HIV estimates and trends of key indicators for 2010-2017 at national and State/Union Territory levels. Methods: Demographic Projection (DemProj) and AIDS Impact Modules (AIM) of Spectrum 5.63 software recommended by the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS Global Reference Group on HIV Estimates, Modelling and Projections, were used for generating HIV estimations on key indicators. HIV sentinel surveillance, epidemiological and programme data were entered into Estimation Projection Package (EPP), and curve fitting was done using EPP classic model. Finally, calibration was done using the State HIV prevalence of two rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) -3 and -4 and Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance (IBBS), 2014-2015. Results: The national adult prevalence of HIV was estimated to be 0.22 per cent in 2017. Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland had the highest prevalence over one per cent. An estimated 2.1 million people were living with HIV in 2017, with Maharashtra estimated to have the highest number. Of the 88 thousand annual new HIV infections estimated nationally in 2017, Telangana accounted for the largest share. HIV incidence was found to be higher among key population groups, especially people who inject drugs. The annual AIDS-related deaths were estimated to be 69 thousand nationally. For all indicators, geographic variation in levels and trends between States existed. Interpretation & conclusions: With a slow decline in annual new HIV infections by only 27 per cent from 2010 to 2017 against the national target of 75 per cent by 2020, the national target to end AIDS by 2030 may be missed; although at the sub-national level some States have made better progress to reduce new HIV infection. It calls for reinforcement of HIV prevention, diagnosis and treatment efforts by geographical regions and population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Sahu
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Strategic lnformation - Surveillance and Epidemiology, National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalini Chandra
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobini Rajan
- Division of Strategic lnformation - Surveillance and Epidemiology, National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D K Shukla
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- Principal Advisor to Board of Governors, Medical Council of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Saritha Nair
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jitenkumar Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Reddy
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheela Godbole
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Elangovan
- Computing and Information Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Saha
- Department of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Rai
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P V M Lakshmi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - T Gambhir
- Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | | | - Amitabh Das
- Odisha State AIDS Control Society, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Poonam Bakshi
- Chandigarh State AIDS Control Society, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Amol Palkar
- Mumbai District AIDS Control Society, Maharashtra, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - D C S Reddy
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arvind Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Raman J, Hu R, Bellomo R, Nguyen P, Venkatesh S. M16 Artificial Intelligence in Building Predictive Models of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Venkatesh S, Jeyakarthic D. Adagrad Optimizer with Elephant Herding Optimization based Hyper Parameter Tuned Bidirectional LSTM for Customer Churn Prediction in IoT Enabled Cloud Environment. WEB 2020. [DOI: 10.14704/web/v17i2/web17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At recent times, customer churn is an important activity in quickly developing industries such as telecom, banking, e-commerce, etc. Earlier studies revealed that the cost of getting a new customer is considerably higher than the cost of retaining the existing ones. Therefore, it becomes essential to predict the nature of customer churn for retaining the customers to a greater extent. The advent of deep learning (DL) models have begun to be employed for efficient CCP. This paper presents a new Adagrad Optimizer with Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) based Hyper-parameter Tuned Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (AG-EHO-BiLSTM) for CCP in Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Cloud Environment. The proposed AG-EHO-BiLSTM model initially acquires the customer data using its devices like smart phones, laptop, smart watch, etc. Next, the gathered data will be classified by the use of Bi-LSTM model, which determines the customers as churner or non-churner. The efficiency of the Bi-LSTM model can be increased through hyper parameter tuning techniques, namely Adagrad optimizer and EHO algorithm to optimally select the parameter values namely learning rate, number of hidden layer and epochs. The performance validation of the AG-EHO-BiLSTM model takes place on benchmark dataset and the simulation outcome reported the supremacy of the AG-EHO-BiLSTM model over the comparative methods.
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Pradeep Kumar K, Shanmugha Sundaram G, Sharma B, Venkatesh S, Thiruvengadathan R. Advances in gamma radiation detection systems for emergency radiation monitoring. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Quaff AR, Venkatesh S, Venkatesh K. Degradation of Azo Dye by Ozone Oxidation: Cost Analysis and Buffering Effects on Dye Decomposition. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-020-01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kashgari G, Venkatesh S, Gacias S, Bayat A, Klein RH, Ta AP, Ramos R, Plikus M, Wang P, Andersen B. LB966 Transcriptional regulation of migrating-keratinocyte adhesion during cutaneous wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Venkatesh S, Asha S, Krishnaveni M. Purification of Matrixins from Marine Cephalopod. Protein J 2020; 39:284-290. [PMID: 32185695 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrixins play a major role in tissue regeneration and also in various patho-physiological processes. Discovery of matrix metallo proteins (MMPs) and their detailed structural and functional analysis would lead to the development of numerous potent synthetic inhibitors of matrixins to treat certain diseases. In the present investigation, a marine cephalopod- Octopus sp. collected from Cochin, in the south western Indian Ocean was used as animal model for purification of matrixins. The measurements, count, indices and other morphometric characters were noted down before assessing the presence of matrixins in the crude extract of Octopus samples. Purification of matrixins was carried out employing gel filtration chromatography and the purified matrixins was confirmed by gelatin zymogram. The purity of the protein was checked by both native and SDS-PAGE. The studies have provided clear indications of production of MMPs or matrixins with gelatinolytic activity in Octopus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesh
- Genetic Engineering and Regenerative Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627012, India
| | - S Asha
- Immuno-Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Marina campus, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, 629502, India
| | - M Krishnaveni
- Immuno-Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Marina campus, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, 629502, India.
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Venkatesh S, Sakthivel M, Saranav H, Saravanan N, Rathnakumar M, Santhosh K. Performance investigation of the combined series and parallel arrangement cyclone separator using experimental and CFD approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Allender S, Hayward J, Gupta S, Sanigorski A, Rana S, Seward H, Jacobs S, Venkatesh S. Bayesian strategy selection identifies optimal solutions to complex problems using an example from GP prescribing. NPJ Digit Med 2020; 3:7. [PMID: 31993505 PMCID: PMC6971230 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex health problems require multi-strategy, multi-target interventions. We present a method that uses machine learning techniques to choose optimal interventions from a set of possible interventions within a case study aiming to increase General Practitioner (GP) discussions of physical activity (PA) with their patients. Interventions were developed based on a causal loop diagram with 26 GPs across 13 clinics in Geelong, Australia. GPs prioritised eight from more than 80 potential interventions to increase GP discussion of PA with patients. Following a 2-week baseline, a multi-arm bandit algorithm was used to assign optimal strategies to GP clinics with the target outcome being GP PA discussion rates. The algorithm was updated weekly and the process iterated until the more promising strategies emerged (a duration of seven weeks). The top three performing strategies were continued for 3 weeks to improve the power of the hypothesis test of effectiveness for each strategy compared to baseline. GPs recorded a total of 11,176 conversations about PA. GPs identified 15 factors affecting GP PA discussion rates with patients including GP skills and awareness, fragmentation of care and fear of adverse outcomes. The two most effective strategies were correctly identified within seven weeks of the algorithm-based assignment of strategies. These were clinic reception staff providing PA information to patients at check in and PA screening questionnaires completed in the waiting room. This study demonstrates an efficient way to test and identify optimal strategies from multiple possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3221 Australia
| | - J. Hayward
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3221 Australia
| | - S. Gupta
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - A. Sanigorski
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3221 Australia
| | - S. Rana
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - H. Seward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC 3221 Australia
| | - S. Jacobs
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - S. Venkatesh
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216 Australia
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Sharma U, Gupta P, Gupta S, Venkatesh S, Husain M. Comparative Genetic Variability in HIV-1 Subtype C vpu Gene in Early Age Groups of Infants. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:64-76. [PMID: 29468970 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180219154601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying the genetic variability in vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy is important to understand the disease progression. Being important in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis, vpu gene, isolated from young infants was investigated to understand the viral characteristics. METHOD Blood samples were obtained from 80 HIV-1 positive infants, categorized in two age groups; acute (<6 months) and early (>6-18 months). A total of 77 PCR positive samples, amplified for vpu gene, were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS 73 isolates belonged to subtype C. Analysis of heterogeneity of amino acid sequences in infant groups showed that in the sequences of acute age group both insertions and deletions were present while in the early age group only deletions were present. In the acute age group, a deletion of 3 residues (RAE) in the first alfa helix in one sequence and insertions of 1-2 residues (DM, GH, G and H) in the second alfa helix in 4 sequences were observed. In the early age group, deletion of 2 residues (VN) in the cytoplasmic tail region in 2 sequences was observed. Length of the amino terminal was observed to be gradually increasing with the increasing age of the infants. Protein Variation Effect Analyzer software showed that deleterious mutations were more in the acute than the early age group. Entropy analysis revealed that heterogeneity of the residues was comparatively higher in the sequences of acute than the early age group. CONCLUSION Mutations observed in the helixes may affect the conformation and lose the ability to degrade CD4 receptors. Heterogeneity was decreasing with the increasing ages of the infants, indicating positive selection for robust virion survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sharma
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi - 110025, India.,National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, Pin Code: 110054, India
| | - Poonam Gupta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi - 110025, India
| | - Sunil Gupta
- National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, Pin Code: 110054, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, Pin Code: 110054, India
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi - 110025, India
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Venkatesh S. Customer Switching Behaviour in Telecommunication Sector with Special Reference to Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Management Studies 2019. [DOI: 10.18843/ijms/v6i1(4)/11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Context: Parotid gland tumors account for 80% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Most parotid masses are operated on before obtaining the final histological diagnosis, which complicates the management of the facial nerve damage during parotid surgery. Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze the age- and gender-wise incidence of parotid gland tumors, the incidence of various types of tumors, to assess their clinical modes of presentation, the efficacy of treatment, and to evaluate the complications ensuing therein, because of intervention. Settings and Design: The present study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences and Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Nitte University, Mangalore. Subjects and Methods: A clinicopathological study of parotid gland tumors was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with parotid swelling were clinically evaluated, followed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Surgery was planned and performed based on the tumor location and FNAC report. Patients were followed up for postoperative complications. Results: The study comprised 59 patients with parotid gland tumors. The age range of the patient affected was between 18 and 75 years. Benign tumors are more common than malignant tumor in the ratio of 3.5:1. Slow progressively parotid swelling was the common presenting complaint. Superficial parotidectomy was the most common surgery (69.49%) performed. The most common postoperative complication encountered was transient facial palsy (22.03%). Benign tumors were more common (77.97%). The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma, and malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions: The incidence of parotid salivary gland tumors is increasing in recent years. Parotidectomy is safe procedure for treating parotid tumors. Transient facial palsy is the most common postoperative complication, which is reduced in superficial parotidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Teerthanath Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Hariprasad
- Department of Surgery, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Adductor canal block is a regional anesthetic block procedure commonly employed for knee surgeries. This study aims at locating the adductor canal precisely which will be of great use for the surgeons operating on knee. Materials and Methods: Forty cadaveric lower limbs fixed with formalin were utilized for the study. The length of the lower limb from anterior superior iliac spine to the base of patella is measured, and the midpoint between the two is marked. Adductor canal is dissected and the distance between proximal foramen and the midpoint of thigh, the length of the adductor canal, and the distance between the distal foramen and the base of the patella are measured. Results: The mean value of the adductor canal is about 10.5 cm. The average distance from anterior superior iliac spine to proximal foramen is 25 cm. The average distance from base of patella to distal foramen is 8.5 cm. In 36 (90%) lower limbs, the proximal foramen is 3 cm distal to the midpoint of the thigh. Interpretation and Conclusion: This study suggests that a point more than 3 cm below the midpoint of thigh will be the ideal location for the approach of adductor canal block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Kumar Thiayagarajan
- Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Singaram Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Balakrishnan K, Dey S, Gupta T, Dhaliwal RS, Brauer M, Cohen AJ, Stanaway JD, Beig G, Joshi TK, Aggarwal AN, Sabde Y, Sadhu H, Frostad J, Causey K, Godwin W, Shukla DK, Kumar GA, Varghese CM, Muraleedharan P, Agrawal A, Anjana RM, Bhansali A, Bhardwaj D, Burkart K, Cercy K, Chakma JK, Chowdhury S, Christopher DJ, Dutta E, Furtado M, Ghosh S, Ghoshal AG, Glenn SD, Guleria R, Gupta R, Jeemon P, Kant R, Kant S, Kaur T, Koul PA, Krish V, Krishna B, Larson SL, Madhipatla K, Mahesh PA, Mohan V, Mukhopadhyay S, Mutreja P, Naik N, Nair S, Nguyen G, Odell CM, Pandian JD, Prabhakaran D, Prabhakaran P, Roy A, Salvi S, Sambandam S, Saraf D, Sharma M, Shrivastava A, Singh V, Tandon N, Thomas NJ, Torre A, Xavier D, Yadav G, Singh S, Shekhar C, Vos T, Dandona R, Reddy KS, Lim SS, Murray CJL, Venkatesh S, Dandona L. The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Planet Health 2019; 3:e26-e39. [PMID: 30528905 PMCID: PMC6358127 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a major planetary health risk, with India estimated to have some of the worst levels globally. To inform action at subnational levels in India, we estimated the exposure to air pollution and its impact on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy in every state of India in 2017. METHODS We estimated exposure to air pollution, including ambient particulate matter pollution, defined as the annual average gridded concentration of PM2.5, and household air pollution, defined as percentage of households using solid cooking fuels and the corresponding exposure to PM2.5, across the states of India using accessible data from multiple sources as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. The states were categorised into three Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels as calculated by GBD 2017 on the basis of lag-distributed per-capita income, mean education in people aged 15 years or older, and total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years. We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution exposure, on the basis of exposure-response relationships from the published literature, as assessed in GBD 2017; the proportion of total global air pollution DALYs in India; and what the life expectancy would have been in each state of India if air pollution levels had been less than the minimum level causing health loss. FINDINGS The annual population-weighted mean exposure to ambient particulate matter PM2·5 in India was 89·9 μg/m3 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 67·0-112·0) in 2017. Most states, and 76·8% of the population of India, were exposed to annual population-weighted mean PM2·5 greater than 40 μg/m3, which is the limit recommended by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in India. Delhi had the highest annual population-weighted mean PM2·5 in 2017, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Haryana in north India, all with mean values greater than 125 μg/m3. The proportion of population using solid fuels in India was 55·5% (54·8-56·2) in 2017, which exceeded 75% in the low SDI states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Odisha. 1·24 million (1·09-1·39) deaths in India in 2017, which were 12·5% of the total deaths, were attributable to air pollution, including 0·67 million (0·55-0·79) from ambient particulate matter pollution and 0·48 million (0·39-0·58) from household air pollution. Of these deaths attributable to air pollution, 51·4% were in people younger than 70 years. India contributed 18·1% of the global population but had 26·2% of the global air pollution DALYs in 2017. The ambient particulate matter pollution DALY rate was highest in the north Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan, spread across the three SDI state groups, and the household air pollution DALY rate was highest in the low SDI states of Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam in north and northeast India. We estimated that if the air pollution level in India were less than the minimum causing health loss, the average life expectancy in 2017 would have been higher by 1·7 years (1·6-1·9), with this increase exceeding 2 years in the north Indian states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana. INTERPRETATION India has disproportionately high mortality and disease burden due to air pollution. This burden is generally highest in the low SDI states of north India. Reducing the substantial avoidable deaths and disease burden from this major environmental risk is dependent on rapid deployment of effective multisectoral policies throughout India that are commensurate with the magnitude of air pollution in each state. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
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Sharma U, Gupta S, Venkatesh S, Rai A, Dhariwal AC, Husain M. Comparative genetic variability in HIV-1 subtype C p24 Gene in early age groups of infants. Virus Genes 2018; 54:647-661. [PMID: 30022343 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It is important to study the molecular properties of vertically transmitted viruses in early infancy to understand disease progression. P24 having an important role in virus assembly and maturation was selected to explore the genotypic characteristics. Blood samples, obtained from 82 HIV-1 positive infants, were categorized into acute (≤ 6 months) and early (> 6-18 months) age groups. Of the 82 samples, 79 gave amplification results for p24, which were then sequenced and analysed. Amino acid heterogeneity analysis showed that substitutions were more frequent. Several substitution mutations were present in some of the sequences of both the age groups in the functional motifs of the gene namely Beta hairpin, CyPA binding loop, residues L136 and L190, linker region and major homology region. In the acute age group, an insertion of Asparagine residue (N5NL6) was observed in the β hairpin region in one of the sequences. This insertion was accompanied with analogous substitutions of N5Q, Q7L and G8R. In the early age group, a deletion of two residues; VK181-182, was observed at the C-terminal end in one of the sequences. These mutations may impair the structure of the protein leading to defective virus assembly. Protein variation effect analyzer software showed that deleterious mutations were more in the acute than the early age group. Variability analysis revealed that the amino acid heterogeneity was comparatively higher in the acute than the early age group. Variability in the virus was decreasing with the increasing age of the infants indicating that the virus is gradually evolving under positive selection pressure. HLA class 1 binding peptide analysis showed that the epitopes TPQDLNTML and RMYSPVSIL may be helpful in designing epitope based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sharma
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi, 110025, India.,National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sunil Gupta
- National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Arvind Rai
- National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - A C Dhariwal
- National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Venkatesh S, Sakthivel M, Sudhagar S, Daniel SAA. Modification of the cyclone separator geometry for improving the performance using Taguchi and CFD approach. Particulate Science and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2018.1458354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Venkatesh
- Mechanical Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M. Sakthivel
- Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Sudhagar
- Mechanical Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Ajith Arul Daniel
- Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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Arivukkarasu KR, Venkatesh S, Karthikeyan N, Vishista K. Preparation and characterisation of pure and neodymium doped samarium strontium cobaltites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14328917.2018.1471180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Venkatesh
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - K. Vishista
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Schramm C, Eaton J, Ringe KI, Venkatesh S, Yamamura J. Recommendations on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in PSC-A position statement from the International PSC Study Group. Hepatology 2017; 66:1675-1688. [PMID: 28555945 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disorder characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging modality that can be used to diagnose PSC and detect disease related complications. Quantitative MRI technologies also have the potential to provide valuable prognostic information. Despite the potential of this imaging technology, the clinical application of MRI in the care of PSC patients and imaging standards vary across institutions. Moreover, a unified position statement about the role of MRI in the care of PSC patients, quality imaging standards, and its potential as a research tool is lacking. CONCLUSION Members of the International PSC Study Group and radiologists from North America and Europe have compiled the following position statement to provide guidance regarding the application of MRI in the care of PSC patients, minimum imaging standards, and future areas of research. (Hepatology 2017;66:1675-1688).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schramm
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Eaton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kristina I Ringe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jin Yamamura
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abdulkader RS, Abdulle AM, Abebo TA, Abera SF, Aboyans V, Abu-Raddad LJ, Ackerman IN, Adamu AA, Adetokunboh O, Afarideh M, Afshin A, Agarwal SK, Aggarwal R, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Aichour MTE, Aichour AN, Aichour I, Aiyar S, Akinyemi RO, Akseer N, Al Lami FH, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam T, Alasfoor D, Alene KA, Ali R, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen C, Al-Maskari F, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Altirkawi KA, Amare AT, Amini E, Ammar W, Amoako YA, Andersen HH, Antonio CAT, Anwari P, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Aryal KK, Asayesh H, Asgedom SW, Assadi R, Atey TM, Atnafu NT, Atre SR, Avila-Burgos L, Avokphako EFGA, Awasthi A, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Bannick MS, Barac A, Barber RM, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen T, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero LH, Basu S, Battista B, Battle KE, Baune BT, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bekele BB, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Benson J, Berhane A, Berhe DF, Bernabé E, Betsu BD, Beuran M, Beyene AS, Bhala N, Bhansali A, Bhatt S, Bhutta ZA, Biadgilign S, Bicer BK, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Birungi C, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bizuayehu HM, Boneya DJ, Boufous S, Bourne RRA, Brazinova A, Brugha TS, Buchbinder R, Bulto LNB, Bumgarner BR, Butt ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cameron E, Car M, Carabin H, Carapetis JR, Cárdenas R, Carpenter DO, Carrero JJ, Carter A, Carvalho F, Casey DC, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castle CD, Catalá-López F, Chang HY, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Chen H, Chibalabala M, Chibueze CE, Chisumpa VH, Chitheer AA, Christopher DJ, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Colombara D, Cooper C, Cortesi PA, Criqui MH, Crump JA, Dadi AF, Dalal K, Dandona L, Dandona R, das Neves J, Davitoiu DV, de Courten B, De Leo DD, Defo BK, Degenhardt L, Deiparine S, Dellavalle RP, Deribe K, Des Jarlais DC, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhillon PK, Dicker D, Ding EL, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Dorsey ER, dos Santos KPB, Douwes-Schultz D, Doyle KE, Driscoll TR, Dubey M, Duncan BB, El-Khatib ZZ, Ellerstrand J, Enayati A, Endries AY, Ermakov SP, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fanuel FBB, Farinha CSES, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fazeli MS, Feigin VL, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes JC, Ferrari AJ, Feyissa TR, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman AD, Flor LS, Foigt N, Foreman KJ, Franklin RC, Fullman N, Fürst T, Furtado JM, Futran ND, Gakidou E, Ganji M, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot TT, Geleto A, Gemechu BL, Gesesew HA, Gething PW, Ghajar A, Gibney KB, Gill PS, Gillum RF, Ginawi IAM, Giref AZ, Gishu MD, Giussani G, Godwin WW, Gold AL, Goldberg EM, Gona PN, Goodridge A, Gopalani SV, Goto A, Goulart AC, Griswold M, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta T, Gupta V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu GB, Hailu AD, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Handal AJ, Hankey GJ, Hanson SW, Hao Y, Harb HL, Hareri HA, Haro JM, Harvey J, Hassanvand MS, Havmoeller R, Hawley C, Hay SI, Hay RJ, Henry NJ, Heredia-Pi IB, Hernandez JM, Heydarpour P, Hoek HW, Hoffman HJ, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hostiuc S, Hotez PJ, Hoy DG, Htet AS, Hu G, Huang H, Huynh C, Iburg KM, Igumbor EU, Ikeda C, Irvine CMS, Jacobsen KH, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic MB, Jassal SK, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman SP, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, John D, Johnson SC, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kadel R, Kahsay A, Kamal R, Kan H, Karam NE, Karch A, Karema CK, Kasaeian A, Kassa GM, Kassaw NA, Kassebaum NJ, Kastor A, Katikireddi SV, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro PN, Kengne AP, Keren A, Khader YS, Khalil IA, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kiadaliri AA, Kieling C, Kim YJ, Kim D, Kim P, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek KA, Kivimaki M, Knudsen AK, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Krishnaswami S, Krohn KJ, Kumar GA, Kumar P, Kumar S, Kyu HH, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lambert N, Lan Q, Larsson A, Lavados PM, Leasher JL, Lee PH, Lee JT, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Leung J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Li Kappe D, Liang X, Liben ML, Lim SS, Linn S, Liu PY, Liu A, Liu S, Liu Y, Lodha R, Logroscino G, London SJ, Looker KJ, Lopez AD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Low N, Lozano R, Lucas TCD, Macarayan ERK, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahdavi M, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manguerra H, Manhertz T, Mantilla A, Mantovani LG, Mapoma CC, Marczak LB, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, März W, Mathur MR, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGaughey M, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McNellan C, Mehata S, Mehndiratta MM, Mekonnen TC, Memiah P, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mengistie MA, Mengistu DT, Mensah GA, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Mezgebe HB, Micha R, Millear A, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mirarefin M, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mishra SR, Mitchell PB, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi A, Mohammed KE, Mohammed S, Mohanty SK, Mokdad AH, Mollenkopf SK, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Mori R, Morozoff C, Morrison SD, Moses M, Mountjoy-Venning C, Mruts KB, Mueller UO, Muller K, Murdoch ME, Murthy GVS, Musa KI, Nachega JB, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Naldi L, Nangia V, Natarajan G, Negasa DE, Negoi RI, Negoi I, Newton CR, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen TH, Nguyen QL, Nguyen CT, Nguyen G, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Ningrum DNA, Nolte S, Nong VM, Norrving B, Noubiap JJN, O'Donnell MJ, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okoro A, Oladimeji O, Olagunju TO, Olagunju AT, Olsen HE, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Ong K, Opio JN, Oren E, Ortiz A, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Osman M, Owolabi MO, PA M, Pacella RE, Pana A, Panda BK, Papachristou C, Park EK, Parry CD, Parsaeian M, Patten SB, Patton GC, Paulson K, Pearce N, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Peterson CB, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pigott DM, Pillay JD, Pinho C, Plass D, Pletcher MA, Popova S, Poulton RG, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad NM, Prasad N, Purcell C, Qorbani M, Quansah R, Quintanilla BPA, Rabiee RHS, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rai RK, Rajsic S, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Rankin Z, Rao PC, Rao PV, Rawaf S, Ray SE, Reiner RC, Reinig N, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei S, Ribeiro AL, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Roy A, Rubagotti E, Ruhago GM, Saadat S, Sadat N, Safdarian M, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Salama J, Saleem HOB, Salomon JA, Salvi SS, Samy AM, Sanabria JR, Santomauro D, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Saxena S, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schöttker B, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Setegn T, Shackelford KA, Shaheen A, Shaikh MA, Shamsipour M, Shariful Islam SM, Sharma J, Sharma R, She J, Shi P, Shields C, Shifa GT, Shigematsu M, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shirude S, Shishani K, Shrime MG, Sibai AM, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silveira DGA, Singh JA, Singh NP, Sinha DN, Skiadaresi E, Skirbekk V, Slepak EL, Sligar A, Smith DL, Smith M, Sobaih BHA, Sobngwi E, Sorensen RJD, Sousa TCM, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Stanaway JD, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein MB, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Steiner C, Steinke S, Stokes MA, Stovner LJ, Strub B, Subart M, Sufiyan MB, Sunguya BF, Sur PJ, Swaminathan S, Sykes BL, Sylte DO, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Taffere GR, Takala JS, Tandon N, Tavakkoli M, Taveira N, Taylor HR, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tekelab T, Terkawi AS, Tesfaye DJ, Tesssema B, Thamsuwan O, Thomas KE, Thrift AG, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tollanes MC, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada M, Touvier M, Tran BX, Tripathi S, Troeger C, Truelsen T, Tsoi D, Tuem KB, Tuzcu EM, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Undurraga EA, Uneke CJ, Updike R, Uthman OA, Uzochukwu BSC, van Boven JFM, Varughese S, Vasankari T, Venkatesh S, Venketasubramanian N, Vidavalur R, Violante FS, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Wadilo F, Wakayo T, Wang YP, Weaver M, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge CS, Wolfe CDA, Woodbrook R, Woolf AD, Workicho A, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadgir S, Yaghoubi M, Yakob B, Yan LL, Yano Y, Ye P, Yimam HH, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yotebieng M, Younis MZ, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Zegeye EA, Zenebe ZM, Zhang X, Zhou M, Zipkin B, Zodpey S, Zuhlke LJ, Murray CJL. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390:1211-1259. [PMID: 28919117 PMCID: PMC5605509 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4400] [Impact Index Per Article: 628.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHODS We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). FINDINGS Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40·8-75·9 million [7·2%, 6·0-8·3]), 45·1 million (29·0-62·8 million [5·6%, 4·0-7·2]), 36·3 million (25·3-50·9 million [4·5%, 3·8-5·3]), 34·7 million (23·0-49·6 million [4·3%, 3·5-5·2]), and 34·1 million (23·5-46·0 million [4·2%, 3·2-5·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2·7% (95% UI 2·3-3·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the absolute number of YLDs from non-communicable diseases has been growing rapidly across all SDI quintiles, partly because of population growth, but also the ageing of populations. The largest absolute increases in total numbers of YLDs globally were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Age-standardised YLD rates for all conditions combined were 10·4% (95% UI 9·0-11·8) higher in women than in men. Iron-deficiency anaemia, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and all musculoskeletal disorders apart from gout were the main conditions contributing to higher YLD rates in women. Men had higher age-standardised rates of substance use disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and all injuries apart from sexual violence. Globally, we noted much less geographical variation in disability than has been documented for premature mortality. In 2016, there was a less than two times difference in age-standardised YLD rates for all causes between the location with the lowest rate (China, 9201 YLDs per 100 000, 95% UI 6862-11943) and highest rate (Yemen, 14 774 YLDs per 100 000, 11 018-19 228). INTERPRETATION The decrease in death rates since 1990 for most causes has not been matched by a similar decline in age-standardised YLD rates. For many large causes, YLD rates have either been stagnant or have increased for some causes, such as diabetes. As populations are ageing, and the prevalence of disabling disease generally increases steeply with age, health systems will face increasing demand for services that are generally costlier than the interventions that have led to declines in mortality in childhood or for the major causes of mortality in adults. Up-to-date information about the trends of disease and how this varies between countries is essential to plan for an adequate health-system response. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
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Shrivastava A, Kumar A, Thomas JD, Laserson KF, Bhushan G, Carter MD, Chhabra M, Mittal V, Khare S, Sejvar JJ, Dwivedi M, Isenberg SL, Johnson R, Pirkle JL, Sharer JD, Hall PL, Yadav R, Velayudhan A, Papanna M, Singh P, Somashekar D, Pradhan A, Goel K, Pandey R, Kumar M, Kumar S, Chakrabarti A, Sivaperumal P, Kumar AR, Schier JG, Chang A, Graham LA, Mathews TP, Johnson D, Valentin L, Caldwell KL, Jarrett JM, Harden LA, Takeoka GR, Tong S, Queen K, Paden C, Whitney A, Haberling DL, Singh R, Singh RS, Earhart KC, Dhariwal AC, Chauhan LS, Venkatesh S, Srikantiah P. Association of acute toxic encephalopathy with litchi consumption in an outbreak in Muzaffarpur, India, 2014: a case-control study. Lancet Glob Health 2017; 5:e458-e466. [PMID: 28153514 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of unexplained illness frequently remain under-investigated. In India, outbreaks of an acute neurological illness with high mortality among children occur annually in Muzaffarpur, the country's largest litchi cultivation region. In 2014, we aimed to investigate the cause and risk factors for this illness. METHODS In this hospital-based surveillance and nested age-matched case-control study, we did laboratory investigations to assess potential infectious and non-infectious causes of this acute neurological illness. Cases were children aged 15 years or younger who were admitted to two hospitals in Muzaffarpur with new-onset seizures or altered sensorium. Age-matched controls were residents of Muzaffarpur who were admitted to the same two hospitals for a non-neurologic illness within seven days of the date of admission of the case. Clinical specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine) and environmental specimens (litchis) were tested for evidence of infectious pathogens, pesticides, toxic metals, and other non-infectious causes, including presence of hypoglycin A or methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPG), naturally-occurring fruit-based toxins that cause hypoglycaemia and metabolic derangement. Matched and unmatched (controlling for age) bivariate analyses were done and risk factors for illness were expressed as matched odds ratios and odds ratios (unmatched analyses). FINDINGS Between May 26, and July 17, 2014, 390 patients meeting the case definition were admitted to the two referral hospitals in Muzaffarpur, of whom 122 (31%) died. On admission, 204 (62%) of 327 had blood glucose concentration of 70 mg/dL or less. 104 cases were compared with 104 age-matched hospital controls. Litchi consumption (matched odds ratio [mOR] 9·6 [95% CI 3·6 - 24]) and absence of an evening meal (2·2 [1·2-4·3]) in the 24 h preceding illness onset were associated with illness. The absence of an evening meal significantly modified the effect of eating litchis on illness (odds ratio [OR] 7·8 [95% CI 3·3-18·8], without evening meal; OR 3·6 [1·1-11·1] with an evening meal). Tests for infectious agents and pesticides were negative. Metabolites of hypoglycin A, MCPG, or both were detected in 48 [66%] of 73 urine specimens from case-patients and none from 15 controls; 72 (90%) of 80 case-patient specimens had abnormal plasma acylcarnitine profiles, consistent with severe disruption of fatty acid metabolism. In 36 litchi arils tested from Muzaffarpur, hypoglycin A concentrations ranged from 12·4 μg/g to 152·0 μg/g and MCPG ranged from 44·9 μg/g to 220·0 μg/g. INTERPRETATION Our investigation suggests an outbreak of acute encephalopathy in Muzaffarpur associated with both hypoglycin A and MCPG toxicity. To prevent illness and reduce mortality in the region, we recommended minimising litchi consumption, ensuring receipt of an evening meal and implementing rapid glucose correction for suspected illness. A comprehensive investigative approach in Muzaffarpur led to timely public health recommendations, underscoring the importance of using systematic methods in other unexplained illness outbreaks. FUNDING US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Shrivastava
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Jerry D Thomas
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kayla F Laserson
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India; Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gyan Bhushan
- Muzaffarpur District Health Department, Government of Bihar, Sadar Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Melissa D Carter
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mala Chhabra
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Veena Mittal
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Khare
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - James J Sejvar
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mayank Dwivedi
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Samantha L Isenberg
- Battelle at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rudolph Johnson
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James L Pirkle
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jon D Sharer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Patricia L Hall
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India; India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Velayudhan
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India; India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Papanna
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India; India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - D Somashekar
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Arghya Pradhan
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Goel
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- India Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Chakrabarti
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - P Sivaperumal
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - A Ramesh Kumar
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Joshua G Schier
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur Chang
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Graham
- Battelle at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Battelle at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Darryl Johnson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liza Valentin
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffery M Jarrett
- National Center for Environmental Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leslie A Harden
- Western Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Gary R Takeoka
- Western Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Suxiang Tong
- National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krista Queen
- National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clinton Paden
- National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Whitney
- National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana L Haberling
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ram Singh
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Kenneth C Earhart
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India; Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A C Dhariwal
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - L S Chauhan
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- National Centre for Disease Control, India, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Padmini Srikantiah
- Global Disease Detection Program, India, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Embassy of the United States, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India; Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nayak P, Pradhan A, Mallick R, Sethi S, Patnaik B, Pradhan MM, Shrivastava A, Venkatesh S, Dash KC. Japanese Encephalitis Outbreak Among Children in Mayurbhanj, Odisha-India, 2015. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyakanta Nayak
- Epidemiology, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Arghya Pradhan
- Idsp, Directorate of Public Health, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - S. Sethi
- Directorate of Public Health, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bikash Patnaik
- Directorate of Public Health, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - S. Venkatesh
- National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C. Dash
- Public Health, Directorate of Public Health, Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
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Basa S, Venkatesh S. Patient and Healthcare System Delays in the Start of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Among Tribal Patients Registered Under DOTS, Odisha. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:LC21-LC24. [PMID: 27790474 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20136.8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease which continues to be an important public health problem worldwide. AIM This study puts an effort to determine patient and health system delay in diagnosis and treatment and association to specific types of delay among tribals in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 261 TB patients reporting to 4 TB Units of Mayurbhanj were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Extra-pulmonary TB patients and death cases were excluded. Data entry and analysis was carried out in Epi-info 3.32 version. Chi-square test was used to test the association between dependant variable (patient and health system delays) with different independent variables (age, sex, reasons for delay etc.). RESULTS Median patient, health system and total delay were 24, 3 and 24 days respectively. Risk factors that were significantly associated with patient delay were education (95% CI= 1.01-1.11, p=0.015), cost of treatment/transport (95% CI=0.87-1.01, p=0.020), distance (95% CI=1.00-1.29, p=0.002) and lack of awareness about TB (95% CI=1.01-1.34, p=0.001). Health system delay risk factors were distance (95% CI=0.32-0.96, p=0.043), delay due to administrative verification (95% CI=1.18-57.97, p= 0.005) and delay due to traditional healers/ private practitioners (95% CI=1.61-15.45, p=0.0008). CONCLUSION This study revealed longer patient delay compared to health system delay. Therefore, public awareness in tribal dialect about chest symptoms and availability of free diagnostics services should be increased along with involvement of traditional healers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Basa
- MPH (FE) Graduate, Department of Epidemiology and Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Disease Control , New Delhi, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- Joint Director and Head of Department, Department of Epidemiology and Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Disease Control , New Delhi, India
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Chadha S, Sharma U, Chaudhary A, Prakash C, Gupta S, Venkatesh S. Molecular epidemiological analysis of three hepatitis C virus outbreaks in Jammu and Kashmir State, India. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:804-813. [PMID: 27357565 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are associated with unsafe injection practices, intravenous drug abuse and other exposure to blood and body fluids. We report here three outbreaks of HCV infection from Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) State, India, which occurred over a period of 3 years and in which molecular epidemiological investigations identified a presumptive common source of infection, most likely a single healthcare venue. Representative blood samples collected from cases of hepatitis C were sent to the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) for molecular characterization. These samples were positive by HCV ELISA. Subsequently, specimens were also tested for the presence of HCV RNA by RT-PCR. Sequencing was carried out for all positive samples. A total of 812 cases were laboratory confirmed by HCV ELISA; a total of 115 samples were sent to the NCDC for RT-PCR, and 77 were positive. Subtype 3a of HCV was found in all samples from Anantnag (February 2013); and for subtype 3b, in all samples from Srinagar (May 2015). Subtypes 3a and 3g were identified from two samples from the Kulgam outbreak (July 2014). A detailed epidemiological investigation should be conducted whenever a cluster of HCV cases is revealed, as this potentially allows for the identification of larger outbreaks. Epidemiological investigations of outbreaks should be further supported by inclusion of molecular tests. Efforts to limit therapeutic injections to only those cases having strong medical/surgical indications and to restrict the use of non-sterile needles are essential to prevent transmission of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjim Chadha
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Artee Chaudhary
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Charu Prakash
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sunil Gupta
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
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Abstract
We present a sparse synthetic-aperture, active imaging system at W-band (75 - 110 GHz), which uses sub-harmonic mixer modules. The system employs mechanical scanning of the receiver module position, and a fixed transmitter module. A vector network analyzer provides the back end detection. A full-wave forward model allows accurate construction of the image transfer matrix. We solve the inverse problem to reconstruct scenes using the least squares technique. We demonstrate far-field, diffraction limited imaging of 2D and 3D objects and achieve a cross-range resolution of 3 mm and a depth-range resolution of 4 mm, respectively. Furthermore, we develop an information-based metric to evaluate the performance of a given image transfer matrix for noise-limited, computational imaging systems. We use this metric to find the optimal gain of the radiating element for a given range, both theoretically and experimentally in our system.
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Abstract
Yaws, a non-venereal treponematosis, affecting primarily the tribal populations, has been considered historically as one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world. In 1996, India piloted an initiative to eradicate yaws based on a strategy consisting of active case finding through house-to-house search and treatment of cases and their contacts with long acting penicillin. Thereafter, the campaign implemented in all 51 endemic districts in 10 States of the country led to the achievement of a yaws-free status in 2004. In the post-elimination phase, surveillance activities accompanied by serological surveys were continued in the erstwhile endemic districts. These surveys carried out among children between the age of 1-5 yr, further confirmed the absence of community transmission in the country. The experience of India demonstrates that yaws can be eradicated in all endemic countries of Africa and Asia, provided that political commitment can be mobilized and community level activities sustained until the goal is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai P Narain
- Epidemiology & Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Delhi, India
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Kumar T, Shrivastava A, Kumar A, Khasnobis P, Narain J, Laserson K, Venkatesh S. Hepatitis A outbreak associated with unsafe drinking water in a medical college student's hostel, New Delhi, India, 2014. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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SreeKalpana M, Asha F, Kapil G, Murhekar M, Maruthi P, Prakash Kumar K, Doddamallappa R, Ravikumar M, Shwetha H, Manuja L, Ramrao B, Mohan Kumar R, Venkatesh S, Shrivastava A. Hepatitis E outbreak among factory workers due to contaminated factory water, Mandya District, Karnataka, India, 2015. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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37
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Padda P, Shrivastava A, Sodha S, Venkatesh S, KR V. Outbreak investigation of Kaysanur Forest Disease (KFD) in Wayanad district, Kerala, India 2015. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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38
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Nayak P, Papanna M, Shrivastava A, Khasnobis P, Lokhande G, Kumar A, Venkatesh S, Patnaik B, Pradhan M. Unexplained neurological illness in children, Malkangiri district, Odisha, India 2014. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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39
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Sochol RD, Sweet E, Glick CC, Venkatesh S, Avetisyan A, Ekman KF, Raulinaitis A, Tsai A, Wienkers A, Korner K, Hanson K, Long A, Hightower BJ, Slatton G, Burnett DC, Massey TL, Iwai K, Lee LP, Pister KSJ, Lin L. 3D printed microfluidic circuitry via multijet-based additive manufacturing. Lab Chip 2016; 16:668-78. [PMID: 26725379 PMCID: PMC4979982 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of integrated fluidic processors affords extensive benefits for chemical and biological fields, yet traditional, monolithic methods of microfabrication present numerous obstacles for the scaling of fluidic operators. Recently, researchers have investigated the use of additive manufacturing or "three-dimensional (3D) printing" technologies - predominantly stereolithography - as a promising alternative for the construction of submillimeter-scale fluidic components. One challenge, however, is that current stereolithography methods lack the ability to simultaneously print sacrificial support materials, which limits the geometric versatility of such approaches. In this work, we investigate the use of multijet modelling (alternatively, polyjet printing) - a layer-by-layer, multi-material inkjetting process - for 3D printing geometrically complex, yet functionally advantageous fluidic components comprised of both static and dynamic physical elements. We examine a fundamental class of 3D printed microfluidic operators, including fluidic capacitors, fluidic diodes, and fluidic transistors. In addition, we evaluate the potential to advance on-chip automation of integrated fluidic systems via geometric modification of component parameters. Theoretical and experimental results for 3D fluidic capacitors demonstrated that transitioning from planar to non-planar diaphragm architectures improved component performance. Flow rectification experiments for 3D printed fluidic diodes revealed a diodicity of 80.6 ± 1.8. Geometry-based gain enhancement for 3D printed fluidic transistors yielded pressure gain of 3.01 ± 0.78. Consistent with additional additive manufacturing methodologies, the use of digitally-transferrable 3D models of fluidic components combined with commercially-available 3D printers could extend the fluidic routing capabilities presented here to researchers in fields beyond the core engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, Building 088, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - E. Sweet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - C. C. Glick
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - S. Venkatesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - A. Avetisyan
- Department of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K. F. Ekman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - A. Raulinaitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - A. Tsai
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A. Wienkers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - K. Korner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - K. Hanson
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A. Long
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - B. J. Hightower
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G. Slatton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - D. C. Burnett
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - T. L. Massey
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - K. Iwai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - L. P. Lee
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - K. S. J. Pister
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - L. Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- 621E Sutardja Dai Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
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Raj Y, Sahu D, Pandey A, Venkatesh S, Reddy D, Bakkali T, Das C, Singh KJ, Kant S, Bhattacharya M, Stover J, Jha UM, Kumar P, Mishra RM, Chandra N, Gulati BK, Mathur S, Joshi D, Chavan L. Modelling and estimation of HIV prevalence and number of people living with HIV in India, 2010-2011. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:1257-1266. [PMID: 26494704 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415612650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides HIV estimation methodology used in India and key HIV estimates for 2010-2011. We used a modified version of the Spectrum tool that included an Estimation and Projection Package as part of its AIDS Impact Module. Inputs related to population size, age-specific pattern of fertility, gender-ratio at birth, age and gender-specific pattern of mortality, and volume and age-gender distribution of net migration were derived from census records, the Sample Registration System and large-scale demographic health surveys. Epidemiological and programmatic data were derived from HIV sentinel surveillance, large-scale epidemiological surveys and the programme management information system. Estimated adult HIV prevalence retained a declining trend in India, following its peak in 2002 at a level of 0.41% (within bounds 0.35-0.47%). By 2010 and 2011, it levelled at estimates of 0.28% (0.24-0.34%) and 0.27% (0.22-0.33%), respectively. The estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) reduced by 8% between 2007 and 2011. While children accounted for approximately 6.3% of total HIV infections in 2007, this proportion increased to about 7% in 2011. With changing priorities and epidemic patterns, the programme has to customise its strategies to effectively address the emerging vulnerabilities and adapt them to suit the requirements of different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujwal Raj
- National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Sahu
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Pandey
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Dcs Reddy
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (Ex-Professor)
| | | | - Chinmoyee Das
- National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Kh Jitenkumar Singh
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Department of Community Health Administration, National Institute of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - B K Gulati
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Mathur
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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41
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Nair R, Venkatesh S, Athmaselvi KA, Thakur S. Rapid estimation and quantification of sucrose content in fruit juices using Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) spectroscopy. Food Measure 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fernandes MP, Venkatesh S, Sudarshan BG. Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Nano-Nose - A Review. Open Biomed Eng J 2015; 9:228-33. [PMID: 26628933 PMCID: PMC4645969 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701509010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the malignancies causing deaths worldwide. The yet to be developed non-invasive diagnostic techniques, are a challenge for early detection of cancer before it progresses to its later stages. The currently available diagnostic methods are expensive or invasive, and are not fit for general screening purposes. Early identification not only helps in detecting primary cancer, but also in treating its secondaries; which creates a need for easily applicable tests to screen individuals at risk. A detailed review of the various screening methods, including the latest trend of breath analysis using gold nanoparticles, to identify cancer at its early stage, are studied here. The VOC based breath biomarkers are used to analyze the exhaled breath of the patients. These biomarkers are utilized by Chemiresistors coated with gold nanoparticles, which are found to be the most suited technique for early detection of lung cancer. This technique is highly accurate and is relatively easy to operate and was tested on smokers and non-smokers. This review also gives as an outline of the fabrication and working of the device Na-Nose. The Chemiresistors coated with Gold nanoparticles, show a great potential in being an non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic technique for early detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Fernandes
- Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - S Venkatesh
- Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - B. G Sudarshan
- Department of Instrumentation Technology and PG Studies, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
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Kumar T, Kumar A, Laserson K, Narain J, Venkatesh S, Chauhan L, Averhoff F, Shrivastava A. Viral hepatitis in India: Analysis of national disease surveillance program data, 2011−13. J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chaiteerakij R, Zhang X, Addissie BD, Mohamed EA, Harmsen WS, Theobald PJ, Peters BE, Balsanek JG, Ward MM, Giama NH, Moser CD, Oseini AM, Umeda N, Venkatesh S, Harnois DM, Charlton MR, Yamada H, Satomura S, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Snyder MR, Therneau TM, Roberts LR. Combinations of biomarkers and Milan criteria for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:599-606. [PMID: 25789635 PMCID: PMC4490162 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that pretransplant alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) predicts outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with liver transplantation. We aimed to determine whether pretransplant AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) predicted HCC recurrence after transplantation. A retrospective cohort study of 313 HCC patients undergoing transplantation between 2000 and 2008 was conducted, and 48 (15.3%) developed recurrence during a median follow-up of 90.8 months. The 127 patients with available serum drawn before transplantation were included; they included 86 without recurrence and 41 with recurrence. Serum was tested for AFP, AFP-L3%, and DCP in a blinded fashion with the μTASWako i30 immunoanalyzer. All biomarkers were significantly associated with HCC recurrence. The hazard ratios (HRs) were 3.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-6.7; P < 0.0001] for DCP ≥ 7.5 ng/mL and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.4-5.4; P = 0.002) for AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL. The HR increased to 5.2 (95% CI, 2.3-12.0; P < 0.0001) when AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL and DCP ≥7.5 ng/mL were considered together. When they were combined with the Milan criteria, the HR increased from 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4-4.7; P = 0.003) for outside the Milan criteria to 8.6 (95% CI, 3.0-24.6; P < 0.0001) for outside the Milan criteria and AFP ≥ 250 ng/mL and to 7.2 (95% CI, 2.8-18.1; P < 0.0001) for outside the Milan criteria and DCP ≥7.5 ng/mL. Our findings suggest that biomarkers are useful for predicting the risk of HCC recurrence after transplantation. Using both biomarkers and the Milan criteria may be better than using the Milan criteria alone in optimizing the decision of liver transplantation eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Benyam D. Addissie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Essa A. Mohamed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - William S. Harmsen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Paul J. Theobald
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian E. Peters
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph G. Balsanek
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Melissa M. Ward
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Nasra H. Giama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Catherine D. Moser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Abdul M. Oseini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Naoki Umeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Denise M. Harnois
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Michael R. Charlton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Melissa R. Snyder
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Terry M. Therneau
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Wong ALA, Lim JSJ, Sinha A, Gopinathan A, Lim R, Tan CS, Soh T, Venkatesh S, Titin C, Sapari NS, Lee SC, Yong WP, Tan DSP, Pang B, Wang TT, Zee YK, Soong R, Trnkova Z, Lathia C, Thiery JP, Wilhelm S, Jeffers M, Goh BC. Tumour pharmacodynamics and circulating cell free DNA in patients with refractory colorectal carcinoma treated with regorafenib. J Transl Med 2015; 13:57. [PMID: 25889309 PMCID: PMC4332724 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, is used in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard therapy. However, this benefit was limited to 1.4 months improvement in overall survival, with more than half of patients experiencing grade 3 to 4 adverse events. We aim to elucidate the pharmacodynamic effects of regorafenib in metastatic colorectal cancer and discover potential biomarkers that may predict clinical benefit. Methods Patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma refractory to standard therapy with tumours amenable to biopsy were eligible for the study. Regorafenib was administered orally at 160 mg daily for 3 out of 4 weeks with tumour assessment every 2 cycles. Metabolic response was assessed by FDG PET-CT scans (pre-treatment and day 15); paired tumour biopsies (pre-treatment and day 21 post-treatment) were sampled for immunohistochemistry and proteomic profiling analyses. Plasma circulating cell free DNA was quantified serially before and after treatment. Results There were 2(6%) partial responses out of 35 patients, and 8(23%) patients had stable disease for more than 7 months. Adverse event profile was similar to reported data. Recurrent somatic mutations in K-RAS, PIK3CA and BRAF were detected in plasma circulating cell free DNA in 14 patients; some mutations were not found in archival tumour. Total plasma circulating cell free DNA inversely correlated with progression free survival (PFS), and presence of KRAS mutations associated with shorter PFS. Immunohistochemistry of pre- and post- treatment biopsies showed majority of patients had downregulation of phosphorylated-VEGFR2, podoplanin, phosphorylated-AKT, Ki-67 and upregulation of the MEK-ERK axis, phosphorylated-C-MET, phosphorylated-SRC, phosphorylated-STAT3 and phosphorylated-JUN. Proteomic analysis of fine needle tumour aspirates showed down-regulation of PI3K was associated with longer PFS. Conclusion Plasma circulating cell free DNA may yield potential predictive biomarkers of regorafenib treatment. Downregulation of the PI3K-AKT axis may be an important predictor of clinical benefit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0405-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Li Ann Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Joline Si Jing Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Arvind Sinha
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Anil Gopinathan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Robert Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Chee-Seng Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Thomas Soh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Sudhakar Venkatesh
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Christina Titin
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Nur Sabrina Sapari
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - David Shao Ping Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Brendan Pang
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Pathology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Ying-Kiat Zee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Richie Soong
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Pathology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Zuzana Trnkova
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, 100 Bayer Boulevard, PO Box 915, Whippany, NJ, 07981-0915, USA.
| | - Chetan Lathia
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, 100 Bayer Boulevard, PO Box 915, Whippany, NJ, 07981-0915, USA.
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Scott Wilhelm
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, 100 Bayer Boulevard, PO Box 915, Whippany, NJ, 07981-0915, USA.
| | - Michael Jeffers
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, 100 Bayer Boulevard, PO Box 915, Whippany, NJ, 07981-0915, USA.
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Ramachandran G, Bhavani PK, Hemanth Kumar AK, Srinivasan R, Raja K, Sudha V, Venkatesh S, Chandrasekaran C, Swaminathan S. Pharmacokinetics of rifabutin during atazanavir/ritonavir co-administration in HIV-infected TB patients in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 17:1564-8. [PMID: 24200269 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Rifabutin (RBT) is reported to be as effective as and to have less inducing effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes than rifampicin against tuberculosis (TB). The optimal dose of RBT during ritonavir (RTV) co-administration remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of 150 mg RBT thrice weekly during concomitant atazanavir/RTV administration in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected TB patients. METHODS This observational study was conducted in 16 adult HIV-infected TB patients being treated for TB with an RBT-containing regimen and an antiretroviral therapy regimen with RTV; the dose of RBT was 150 mg thrice weekly. Serial blood draws were performed at pre-dosing and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after the drug was administered. Plasma RBT was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Peak RBT concentration was below the lower therapeutic limit (<0.3 μg/ml) in seven patients, while 10 patients had trough concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (0.06 μg/ml), suggesting that the RBT dosage may be inadequate. Prospective studies in different settings are required to arrive at the proper therapeutic dose for RBT to be used during co-administration with RTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramachandran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
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Asrani SK, Talwalkar JA, Kamath PS, Shah VH, Saracino G, Jennings L, Gross JB, Venkatesh S, Ehman RL. Role of magnetic resonance elastography in compensated and decompensated liver disease. J Hepatol 2014; 60:934-9. [PMID: 24362072 PMCID: PMC3995839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-invasive predictors identifying subjects with compensated liver disease at highest risk for transitioning to a decompensated state are lacking. We hypothesized that liver shear stiffness as measured by magnetic resonance elastography is an important non-invasive predictor of hepatic decompensation. METHODS Among patients with advanced fibrosis undergoing magnetic resonance elastography (2007-2011), a baseline cohort and follow up cohort (compensated liver disease) were established. Cause specific cox proportional hazards analysis adjusting for competing risks was utilized to determine the association between elevated liver shear stiffness and development of decompensation (hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, variceal bleeding). RESULTS In the baseline cohort (n=430), subjects with decompensated liver disease had a significantly higher mean liver shear stiffness (6.8kPa, IQR 4.9-8.5) as compared to subjects with compensated liver disease (5.2kPa, IQR 4.1-6.8). After adjustment for Model for End Stage Liver Disease score, hepatitis C, age, gender, albumin, and platelet count, the mean liver shear stiffness (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.27) was independently associated with decompensated cirrhosis at baseline. Over a median follow up of 27months (n=167), 7.2% of subjects with compensated disease experienced hepatic decompensation. In the follow up cohort, the hazard of hepatic decompensation was 1.42 (95% CI 1.16-1.75) per unit increase in liver shear stiffness over time. The hazard of hepatic decompensation was 4.96 (95% CI 1.4-17.0, p=0.019) for a subject with compensated disease and mean LSS value ⩾5.8kPa as compared to an individual with compensated disease and lower mean LSS values. CONCLUSION Baseline liver shear stiffness assessed by magnetic resonance elastography is independently associated with decompensated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet K Asrani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota,Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jayant A. Talwalkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota,Corresponding Author Jayant A. Talwalkar, MD, MPH 200 First Street SW Rochester, Minnesota 55905 fax: (507) 284-0538
| | - Patrick S Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - John B. Gross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sudhakar Venkatesh
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard L. Ehman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Allam RR, Murhekar MV, Bhatnagar T, Uthappa CK, Chava N, Rewari BB, Venkatesh S, Mehendale S. Survival probability and predictors of mortality and retention in care among patients enrolled for first-line antiretroviral therapy, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2008-2011. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:198-205. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shah T, Venkatesh S, Saxena R, Pawar S. Uterovaginal anastomosis for complete cervical agenesis and partial vaginal agenesis: a case report. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 174:154-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Tobacco use is widely entrenched in the South-East Asia (SEA) Region leading to high morbidity and mortality in this region. Several studies revealed that tobacco use is widespread among youth and school children. Exposure to second-hand smoke was reported as around 50% or more in three countries - Myanmar (59.5%), Bangladesh (51.3%), and Indonesia (49.6%). Health profession students encompassing medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy disciplines, and even qualified health professionals are no exception from tobacco use. While they are regarded as role models in tobacco cessation programs, their tobacco addiction will carry a negative impact in this endeavour. A mere inquiry about the smoking status of patients and a brief advice by doctors or dentists increases quit rates and prompts those who have not thought about quitting to consider doing so. Evidence from some randomized trials suggests that advice from motivated physicians to their smoking patients could be effective in facilitating cessation of smoking. However, the low detection rate of smokers by many physicians and the small proportion of smokers who routinely receive advice from their physicians to quit have been identified as a matter of concern. This paper describes the role and issues of involvement of health professionals in tobacco control. Data from a variety of sources is used to assess the status. Although there are some differences, tobacco use is widespread among the students and health professional students. Exposure to second hand smoke is also a matter of concern. Tobacco-related problems and tobacco control cut across a vast range of health disciplines. Building alliances among the health professional associations in a vertical way will help synergize efforts, and obtain better outcomes from use of existing resources. Health professional associations in some countries in the SEA region have already taken the initiative to form coalitions at the national level to advance the tobacco control agenda. In Thailand, a Thai Health Professional Alliance against Tobacco, with 17 allies from medical, nursing, traditional medicine, and other health professional organizations, is working in a concerted manner toward promoting tobacco control. Indian Dental Association intervention is another good example.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesh
- Department of AIDS Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.
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