1
|
Goobar A, Johansson J, Schulze S, Arendse N, Carracedo AS, Dhawan S, Mörtsell E, Fremling C, Yan L, Perley D, Sollerman J, Joseph R, Hinds KR, Meynardie W, Andreoni I, Bellm E, Bloom J, Collett TE, Drake A, Graham M, Kasliwal M, Kulkarni SR, Lemon C, Miller AA, Neill JD, Nordin J, Pierel J, Richard J, Riddle R, Rigault M, Rusholme B, Sharma Y, Stein R, Stewart G, Townsend A, Vinko J, Wheeler JC, Wold A. Uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle SN Zwicky. Nat Astron 2023; 7:1098-1107. [PMID: 37736027 PMCID: PMC10509034 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-023-01981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Detecting gravitationally lensed supernovae is among the biggest challenges in astronomy. It involves a combination of two very rare phenomena: catching the transient signal of a stellar explosion in a distant galaxy and observing it through a nearly perfectly aligned foreground galaxy that deflects light towards the observer. Here we describe how high-cadence optical observations with the Zwicky Transient Facility, with its unparalleled large field of view, led to the detection of a multiply imaged type Ia supernova, SN Zwicky, also known as SN 2022qmx. Magnified nearly 25-fold, the system was found thanks to the standard candle nature of type Ia supernovae. High-spatial-resolution imaging with the Keck telescope resolved four images of the supernova with very small angular separation, corresponding to an Einstein radius of only θE = 0.167″ and almost identical arrival times. The small θE and faintness of the lensing galaxy are very unusual, highlighting the importance of supernovae to fully characterize the properties of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses, including the impact of galaxy substructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Goobar
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Johansson
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Schulze
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikki Arendse
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Sagués Carracedo
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suhail Dhawan
- Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edvard Mörtsell
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Fremling
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Lin Yan
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Daniel Perley
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jesper Sollerman
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rémy Joseph
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K-Ryan Hinds
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - William Meynardie
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Igor Andreoni
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Eric Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Josh Bloom
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Thomas E. Collett
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Andrew Drake
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Matthew Graham
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Mansi Kasliwal
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Shri R. Kulkarni
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Cameron Lemon
- Institute of Physics, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, Versoix, CH Switzerland
| | - Adam A. Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - James D. Neill
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Jakob Nordin
- Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justin Pierel
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Johan Richard
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Reed Riddle
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Mickael Rigault
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ben Rusholme
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Yashvi Sharma
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Robert Stein
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | | | - Alice Townsend
- Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jozsef Vinko
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
- CSFK, Konkoly Observatory, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J. Craig Wheeler
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Avery Wold
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhawan
- Diwanchand Aggarwal Imaging Research Centre, 10-B Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
| | - R Gothi
- Diwanchand Aggarwal Imaging Research Centre, 10-B Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
| | - A Aggarwal
- Diwanchand Aggarwal Imaging Research Centre, 10-B Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
| | - B Aggarwal
- Diwanchand Aggarwal Imaging Research Centre, 10-B Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
| | - SS Doda
- Diwanchand Aggarwal Imaging Research Centre, 10-B Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110001, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Margineanu I, Mor Z, Garcia D, Gilpin C, Dhawan S, Ritz N, Zenner D. TB and COVID-19 in migrants - the need to focus on both conditions. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:333-335. [PMID: 33977899 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Margineanu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centrum Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Z Mor
- Tel Aviv Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel, Ashkelon Academic College, School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - D Garcia
- Migrant Clinicians Network, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C Gilpin
- International Organization for Migration, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Dhawan
- Partasia Biopharm, New Delhi, India, SHARE INDIA, Delhi, India
| | - N Ritz
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Unit, Mycobacterial and Migrant Health Research, University Children´s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Zenner
- Centre for Global Public Health, Institute for Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Webster G, Draelos ZD, Graber E, Lee MS, Dhawan S, Salman M, Magrath GN. A multicentre, randomized, double-masked, parallel group, vehicle-controlled phase IIb study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1% and 3% topical minocycline gel in patients with papulopustular rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:471-479. [PMID: 31907924 PMCID: PMC7496252 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Papulopustular rosacea is characterized by chronic facial erythema and inflammatory facial lesions. Minocycline has anti‐inflammatory properties which may be effective in the treatment of rosacea inflammatory lesions. Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of once‐daily topical minocycline gel 1% and 3% in patients with papulopustular rosacea. Methods This was a prospective, 12‐week, double‐blinded study conducted at 26 sites in the United States; 270 patients with papulopustular rosacea and 12–40 inflammatory lesions were randomized to minocycline 1%, minocycline 3% or vehicle. The primary endpoint was the mean change in inflammatory lesions at week 12. Key secondary endpoints included success on an Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA). Results Baseline mean lesion counts were 24·6, 25·1 and 24·3 in the minocycline 1%, minocycline 3% and vehicle groups, respectively; at week 12, the counts had decreased by 12·6, 13·1 and 7·9, respectively. Minocycline significantly decreased lesions, compared with the vehicle [P = 0·01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7·9 to 0·9, for minocycline 1%; P = 0·007, 95% CI 8·3 to 1·3, for minocycline 3%]. The proportion of patients achieving IGA success was 39% in the minocycline 1% arm [P = 0·34, odds ratio (OR) 1·396 and OR 95% CI 0·71 to 2·75 vs. vehicle], 46% in the minocycline 3% arm (P = 0·04, OR 2·03 and OR 95% CI 1·04 to 3·95 vs. vehicle) and 31% in the vehicle arm. Conclusions Minocycline topical gel appears to be safe and tolerable at concentrations of 1% and 3%, and both concentrations significantly decreased inflammatory lesion counts, with a significantly larger proportion of patients achieving IGA success at week 12 in the minocycline 3% arm. These findings support further evaluation of minocycline gel for treating inflammatory lesions associated with papulopustular rosacea. Linked Comment: Hampton. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:412–413. What is already known about this topic? Papulopustular rosacea is characterized by inflammatory facial lesions and chronic erythema of the face. Oral minocycline has been reported to have efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory lesions of papulopustular rosacea.
What does this study add? The study shows that a topical gel preparation of minocycline significantly decreased the number of inflammatory lesions and significantly improved the Investigator's Global Assessment score in patients with papulopustular rosacea. This may offer a topical therapeutic alternative to oral doxycycline or oral minocycline for the treatment of inflammatory lesions in papulopustular rosacea, with potentially fewer systemic side‐effects, owing to lower systemic drug exposure.
Linked Comment: Hampton. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:412–413. Plain language summary available online
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Webster
- Department of Dermatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Z D Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, NC, USA
| | - E Graber
- Northeastern University and The Dermatology Institute of Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Lee
- Lee Medical Associates, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S Dhawan
- Center for Dermatology, Cosmetic, and Laser Surgery, Freemont, CA, USA
| | - M Salman
- Hovione Scientia Ltd., Loughbeg, Ringaskiddy, Cork, Ireland
| | - G N Magrath
- Hovione Scientia Ltd., Loughbeg, Ringaskiddy, Cork, Ireland.,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bissonnette R, Maari C, Forman S, Bhatia N, Lee M, Fowler J, Tyring S, Pariser D, Sofen H, Dhawan S, Zook M, Zammit D, Usansky H, Denis L, Rao N, Song T, Pavel A, Guttman‐Yassky E. ASN002 证明有疗效并可改善AD 炎症. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Bissonnette R, Maari C, Forman S, Bhatia N, Lee M, Fowler J, Tyring S, Pariser D, Sofen H, Dhawan S, Zook M, Zammit D, Usansky H, Denis L, Rao N, Song T, Pavel A, Guttman‐Yassky E. The oral Janus kinase/spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor ASN002 demonstrates efficacy and improves associated systemic inflammation in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:733-742. [PMID: 30919407 PMCID: PMC6850605 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASN002 is an oral dual inhibitor of Janus kinase and spleen tyrosine kinase, which are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) through their regulatory role on T helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17/Th22 pathways. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and effects on systemic biomarkers of ASN002 in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods A total of 36 patients with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized (3 : 1) to ASN002 or placebo in the phase Ib study. Three dosage cohorts were studied over a 28-day period (20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg once daily). RESULTS ASN002 was superior to placebo for the proportion of patients achieving Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 50 (20 mg 20%, P = 0·93; 40 mg 100%, P = 0·003; 80 mg 83%, P = 0·03; placebo 22%), EASI 75 (20 mg 0%, P = 0·27; 40 mg 71%, P = 0·06; 80 mg 33%, P = 0·65; placebo 22%) and in change from baseline in pruritus (20 mg -1·3 ± 2·1, P = 0·81; 40 mg -3·1 ± 2·7, P = 0·27; 80 mg -4·7 ± 2·1, P = 0·01; placebo -1·6 ± 1·8). Adverse events were generally mild and similar across all groups. ASN002 showed dose-dependent plasma exposure with low interpatient variability, significantly downregulated several serum biomarkers involved in Th1, Th2 and Th17/Th22 immunity, and decreased the atherosclerosis-associated biomarker E selectin/SELE. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate-to-severe AD, ASN002 showed strong efficacy with rapid onset of action and associated improvements in systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bissonnette
- Innovaderm Research Inc.1851 Sherbrooke Street East, Suite 502MontrealH2K 4L5QuebecCanada
| | - C. Maari
- Innovaderm Research Inc.1851 Sherbrooke Street East, Suite 502MontrealH2K 4L5QuebecCanada
| | - S. Forman
- Forward Clinical Trials, Inc.4915 Ehrlich RoadTampa33624FLU.S.A
| | - N. Bhatia
- Therapeutics Clinical Research9025 Balboa Avenue, Suite 105San Diego92123CAU.S.A
| | - M. Lee
- Progressive Clinical ResearchP.A., LLC1973 North West Loop 410, Suite 106San Antonio78213TXU.S.A
| | - J. Fowler
- Dermatology Specialists Research3810 Springhurst Boulevard, Suite 130Louisville40241KYU.S.A
| | - S. Tyring
- Center for Clinical StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center451 North Texas AvenueHouston77598TXU.S.A
| | - D. Pariser
- Department of DermatologyEastern Virginia Medical School and Virginia Clinical Research Inc.6160 Kempsville Circle, Suite 200ANorfolk23502VAU.S.A
| | - H. Sofen
- Dermatology Research Associates8930 South Sepulveda BoulevardLos Angeles90045CAU.S.A
| | - S. Dhawan
- Center for Dermatology Clinical Research Inc.2557 Mowry Avenue, Suite 21 and 25Fremont94538CAU.S.A
| | - M. Zook
- Olympian Clinical Research1201 South Myrtle AvenueClearwater33756FLU.S.A
| | - D.J. Zammit
- Asana BioSciences, LLC997 Lenox Drive, Suite 220, Princeton Pike Corporate CenterLawrenceville08648NJU.S.A
| | - H. Usansky
- Asana BioSciences, LLC997 Lenox Drive, Suite 220, Princeton Pike Corporate CenterLawrenceville08648NJU.S.A
| | - L. Denis
- Asana BioSciences, LLC997 Lenox Drive, Suite 220, Princeton Pike Corporate CenterLawrenceville08648NJU.S.A
| | - N. Rao
- Asana BioSciences, LLC997 Lenox Drive, Suite 220, Princeton Pike Corporate CenterLawrenceville08648NJU.S.A
| | - T. Song
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1425 Madison Avenue, Icahn Building 13‐76New York10029NYU.S.A
| | - A.B. Pavel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1425 Madison Avenue, Icahn Building 13‐76New York10029NYU.S.A
| | - E. Guttman‐Yassky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1425 Madison Avenue, Icahn Building 13‐76New York10029NYU.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bissonnette R, Maari C, Forman S, Bhatia N, Lee M, Fowler J, Tyring S, Pariser D, Sofen H, Dhawan S, Zook M, Zammit D, Usansky H, Denis L, Rao N, Song T, Pavel A, Guttman‐Yassky E. ASN002 demonstrates efficacy and improves inflammation in AD. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Hiremath JS, Chokalingam K, Mathan G, Reddy PNC, Sharma A, Dhawan S, Toppo A. A Randomized, Double-blinded, Controlled, Multicentre Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Telmisartan /Amlodipine/Hydrochlorothiazide Compared to Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Essential Hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 2018; 66:11-12. [PMID: 31313548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple drug combination has shown to be effective in controlling blood pressure (BP) with low rates of drug-related side effects. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of a triple pill of telmisartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with a dual combination of telmisartan/HCTZ in treating hypertensive patients who did not respond to monotherapies. METHODS A total of 512 patients were randomized to receive either low-dose triple pill or the dual combination therapy. The primary endpoint was BP normalization after 8 weeks. The secondary endpoints were BP normalization at 4 weeks, changes in BP from baseline to Week 8, comparison of BP normalization between treatment groups, and difference in BP responder rates. The analysis was conducted on the intent-to-treat (ITT), modified intent-to-treat (mITT) and per protocol (PP) population. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was noted between triple pill and telmi+HCTZ in the normalization of BP at Week 8 in the mITT (p=0.041) and PP (p=0. 038) populations. Also, a statistically significant improvement was observed in BP normalization in triple pill group compared with telmi+HCTZ group in ITT (p=0.022) and mITT (p=0.015) populations after 4 weeks. At Week 8, a significant reduction in BP was seen compared to the baseline in both the treatment groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in BP normalization. Diastolic BP responder rates were significantly better for triple pill group in PP population (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS The triple pill was found to be effective in achieving early normalization of BP in hypertensive patients who did not respond to monotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Hiremath
- Director, CCU and Cath-Lab, Pune, Maharashtra;*Corresponding Author
| | - K Chokalingam
- Cardiologist, Nalavindu Medical Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| | - G Mathan
- Senior Interventional Cardiologist, Dr. Mathan's Medical Center, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | | | - A Sharma
- Senior Vice President, Global Medical Affairs, Dr Reddy's Lab Ltd
| | - S Dhawan
- Associate Director, Clinical & Medical Operations, Dr. Reddy's Lab. Ltd
| | - A Toppo
- Associate Director, CV Met Therapy Lead, Dr Reddy's Lab. Ltd.;*Corresponding Author
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dhawan S, Hiemstra IH, Verseijden C, Hilbers FW, te Velde AA, Willemsen LEM, Stap J, den Haan JM, de Jonge WJ. Cholinergic receptor activation on epithelia protects against cytokine-induced barrier dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:846-59. [PMID: 25683465 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Various types of cholinergic receptors are expressed on intestinal epithelia. Their function is not completely understood. We hypothesize that cholinergic receptor activation on epithelium may serve a protective function in cytokine-induced barrier dysfunction. METHODS The effect of cholinergic receptor activation on cellular barrier function in epithelial cells was assessed by measuring electrical impedance, and by determining para-cellular transport in transwell experiments. Cell lysates treated with cytokine and/or cholinergic agonists were analysed for cyto- and chemokine production, and tight junction (TJ) protein rearrangement was assessed. Primary colonic epithelial cells were isolated from surgically resected colon tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTS IL-1β induced production of chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-10, IL-8, CCL-7) and led to a rearrangement of TJ proteins (occludin and ZO-1). This response was inhibited by pre-treatment with muscarinic, rather than nicotinic, acetylcholine receptor agonists. Treatment with IL-1β enhanced paracellular permeability (4kD dextran) and reduced impedance across the monolayer, which was counteracted by pre-incubation with acetylcholine, or muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol. The protective effect of acetylcholine was antagonized by atropine, underscoring muscarinic receptor involvement. IL-1β induced transcription of myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and this cytokine-induced phosphorylation of MLC was inhibited by muscarinic receptor agonists. Furthermore, in epithelial cells from resection material of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, high expression of CXCL-8 was associated with a reduced choline acetyl transferase expression, suggesting an aberrant epithelial production of ACh in inflammatory context. CONCLUSION Acetylcholine acts on muscarinic receptors on epithelial cells to maintain epithelial barrier function under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dhawan
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - I. H. Hiemstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - C. Verseijden
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - F. W. Hilbers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A. A. te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Willemsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht Germany
| | - J. Stap
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging/LCAM-AMC; Academic Medical Centrum; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - J. M. den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - W. J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jonikaitis D, Dhawan S, Deubel H. Proactive spatial inhibition in visual selection. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
11
|
Dhawan S, Jonikaitis D, Deubel H. 'Don't Look' Inhibition: Attentional and oculomotor inhibition at locations forbidden to saccades. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
12
|
|
13
|
Dinand V, Bakhshi S, Jain S, Dhawan S, Yadav SP, Sachdeva A. Clinicopathological conference: a 9-y-old girl with transient chest pain. Indian J Pediatr 2013; 80:391-6. [PMID: 23275186 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Dinand
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110 060, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antognini A, Nez F, Schuhmann K, Amaro FD, Biraben F, Cardoso JMR, Covita DS, Dax A, Dhawan S, Diepold M, Fernandes LMP, Giesen A, Gouvea AL, Graf T, Hansch TW, Indelicato P, Julien L, Kao CY, Knowles P, Kottmann F, Le Bigot EO, Liu YW, Lopes JAM, Ludhova L, Monteiro CMB, Mulhauser F, Nebel T, Rabinowitz P, dos Santos JMF, Schaller LA, Schwob C, Taqqu D, Veloso JFCA, Vogelsang J, Pohl R. Proton Structure from the Measurement of 2S-2P Transition Frequencies of Muonic Hydrogen. Science 2013; 339:417-20. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1230016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
15
|
Painovich J, Phan A, Li N, Chowdhury S, Dhawan S, Taylor D, Marban E, Merz CB. P02.110. Effect of traditional acupuncture on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary heart disease. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373643 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Snoek SA, Dhawan S, van Bree SH, Cailotto C, van Diest SA, Duarte JM, Stanisor OI, Hilbers FW, Nijhuis L, Koeman A, van den Wijngaard RM, Zuurbier CJ, Boeckxstaens GE, de Jonge WJ. Mast cells trigger epithelial barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation and postoperative ileus in a mouse model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:172-84, e91. [PMID: 22122661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal surgery involving bowel manipulation commonly results in inflammation of the bowel wall, which leads to impaired intestinal motility and postoperative ileus (POI). Mast cells have shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of POI in mouse models and human studies. We studied whether mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of POI by eliciting intestinal barrier dysfunction. METHODS C57BL/6 mice, and two mast cell-deficient mutant mice Kit(W/W-v) , and Kit(W-sh/W-sh) underwent laparotomy (L) or manipulation of the small bowel (IM). Postoperative inflammatory infiltrates and cytokine production were assessed. Epithelial barrier function was determined in Ussing chambers, by measuring transport of luminal particles to the vena mesenterica, and by assessing bacterial translocation. KEY RESULTS In WT mice, IM resulted in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, and neutrophil extravasation to the manipulated bowel wall. This response to IM was reduced in mast cell-deficient mice. IM caused epithelial barrier dysfunction in WT mice, but not in the two mast cell-deficient strains. IM resulted in a decrease in mean arterial pressure in both WT and mast cell-deficient mice, indicating that impaired barrier function was not explained by tissue hypoperfusion, but involved mast cell mediators. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Mast cell activation during abdominal surgery causes epithelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation of the muscularis externa of the bowel. The impairment of the epithelial barrier likely contributes to the pathogenesis of POI. Our data further underscore that mast cells are bona fide cellular targets to ameliorate POI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Snoek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kapil R, Dhawan S, Singh B, Garg B, Singh B. Systematic formulation development of once-a-day gastroretentive controlled release tablets of rivastigmine using optimized polymer blends. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Gill N, Dhawan S, Jain A, Arora R, Bali M. Antioxidant and Anti-Ulcerogenic Activity of Wild Punica granatum Ethanolic Seed Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2012.47.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Nez F, Antognini A, Amaro FD, Biraben F, Cardoso JMR, Covita D, Dax A, Dhawan S, Fernandes L, Giesen A, Graf T, Hänsch TW, Indelicato P, Julien L, Kao CY, Knowles PE, Le Bigot E, Liu YW, Lopes JAM, Ludhova L, Monteiro CMB, Mulhauser F, Nebel T, Rabinowitz P, dos Santos JMF, Schaller L, Schuhmann K, Schwob C, Taqqu D, Veloso JFCA, Kottmann F, Pohl R. Is the proton radius a player in the redefinition of the International System of Units? Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2011; 369:4064-4077. [PMID: 21930565 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the International System of Units (SI units) will be redefined in terms of fundamental constants, even if the date when this will occur is still under debate. Actually, the best estimate of fundamental constant values is given by a least-squares adjustment, carried out under the auspices of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) Task Group on Fundamental Constants. This adjustment provides a significant measure of the correctness and overall consistency of the basic theories and experimental methods of physics using the values of the constants obtained from widely differing experiments. The physical theories that underlie this adjustment are assumed to be valid, such as quantum electrodynamics (QED). Testing QED, one of the most precise theories is the aim of many accurate experiments. The calculations and the corresponding experiments can be carried out either on a boundless system, such as the electron magnetic moment anomaly, or on a bound system, such as atomic hydrogen. The value of fundamental constants can be deduced from the comparison of theory and experiment. For example, using QED calculations, the value of the fine structure constant given by the CODATA is mainly inferred from the measurement of the electron magnetic moment anomaly carried out by Gabrielse's group. (Hanneke et al. 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801) The value of the Rydberg constant is known from two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen combined with accurate theoretical quantities. The Rydberg constant, determined by the comparison of theory and experiment using atomic hydrogen, is known with a relative uncertainty of 6.6×10(-12). It is one of the most accurate fundamental constants to date. A careful analysis shows that knowledge of the electrical size of the proton is nowadays a limitation in this comparison. The aim of muonic hydrogen spectroscopy was to obtain an accurate value of the proton charge radius. However, the value deduced from this experiment contradicts other less accurate determinations. This problem is known as the proton radius puzzle. This new determination of the proton radius may affect the value of the Rydberg constant . This constant is related to many fundamental constants; in particular, links the two possible ways proposed for the redefinition of the kilogram, the Avogadro constant N(A) and the Planck constant h. However, the current relative uncertainty on the experimental determinations of N(A) or h is three orders of magnitude larger than the 'possible' shift of the Rydberg constant, which may be shown by the new value of the size of the proton radius determined from muonic hydrogen. The proton radius puzzle will not interfere in the redefinition of the kilogram. After a short introduction to the properties of the proton, we will describe the muonic hydrogen experiment. There is intense theoretical activity as a result of our observation. A brief summary of possible theoretical explanations at the date of writing of the paper will be given. The contribution of the proton radius puzzle to the redefinition of SI-based units will then be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Nez
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, UPMC and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kapil R, Dhawan S, Singh B. Development and validation of a spectrofluorimetric method for the estimation of rivastigmine in formulations. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:585-9. [PMID: 20502586 PMCID: PMC2866359 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.58179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the estimation of rivastigmine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The relative fluorescence intensity of rivastigmine was measured in triple distilled water at an excitation wavelength of 220 nm and an emission wavelength of 289 nm. Linearity range was found to be 100 to 4000 ng/ml. The method was validated for various parameters as per the ICH guidelines and USP requirements. The detection and quantitation limits were found to be 20.5 and 62.1 ng/ml, respectively. The results demonstrate that the procedure is accurate, precise, and reproducible, while being simple and rapid too. The results were found to be in good agreement with the label claims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kapil
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC Centre of Advanced Studies) Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Alekseev IG, Bravar A, Bunce G, Dhawan S, Eyser KO, Gill R, Haeberli W, Huang H, Jinnouchi O, Kponou A, Makdisi Y, Nakagawa I, Nass A, Okada H, Saito N, Stephenson EJ, Svirida DN, Wise T, Wood J, Zelenski A. Measurements of single and double spin asymmetry inppelastic scattering in the CNI region with a polarized atomic hydrogen gas jet target. Int J Clin Exp Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.79.094014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
24
|
Nakagawa I, Alekseev I, Bravar A, Bunce G, Dhawan S, Eyser KO, Gill R, Haeberli W, Huang H, Jinnouchi O, Makdisi Y, Nass A, Okada H, Stephenson E, Svirida D, Wise T, Wood J, Zelenski A. Polarization Measurements of RHIC-pp RUN05 Using CNI pC-Polarimeter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2750924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
25
|
Makdisi Y, Alekseev I, Bellavia S, Bravar A, Bunce G, Chapman MA, Dhawan S, Eyser KO, Gasner D, Gill R, Haeberli W, Li Z, Khodinov A, Kponou A, Meng W, Nass A, Okada H, Saito N, Resica S, Stephenson E, Svirida D, Trbojevic D, Tsang T, Wise T, Zelenski A, Zubets V. Status and Operational Experience with the Polarized Hydrogen Jet at RHIC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2750937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
26
|
Chekanov S, Derrick M, Krakauer D, Loizides JH, Magill S, Miglioranzi S, Musgrave B, Repond J, Yoshida R, Mattingly MCK, Antonioli P, Bari G, Basile M, Bellagamba L, Boscherini D, Bruni A, Bruni G, Cara Romeo G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Contin A, Corradi M, De Pasquale S, Giusti P, Iacobucci G, Margiotti A, Montanari A, Nania R, Palmonari F, Pesci A, Sartorelli G, Zichichi A, Aghuzumtsyan G, Bartsch D, Brock I, Goers S, Hartmann H, Hilger E, Irrgang P, Jakob HP, Kind O, Meyer U, Paul E, Rautenberg J, Renner R, Stifutkin A, Tandler J, Voss KC, Wang M, Weber A, Bailey DS, Brook NH, Cole JE, Heath GP, Namsoo T, Robins S, Wing M, Capua M, Mastroberardino A, Schioppa M, Susinno G, Kim JY, Kim YK, Lee JH, Lim IT, Pac MY, Caldwell A, Helbich M, Liu X, Mellado B, Ning Y, Paganis S, Ren Z, Schmidke WB, Sciulli F, Chwastowski J, Eskreys A, Figiel J, Galas A, Olkiewicz K, Stopa P, Zawiejski L, Adamczyk L, Bołd T, Grabowska-Bołd I, Kisielewska D, Kowal AM, Kowal M, Kowalski T, Przybycień M, Suszycki L, Szuba D, Szuba J, Kotański A, Słomiński W, Adler V, Behrens U, Bloch I, Borras K, Chiochia V, Dannheim D, Drews G, Fourletova J, Fricke U, Geiser A, Göttlicher P, Gutsche O, Haas T, Hain W, Hillert S, Kahle B, Kötz U, Kowalski H, Kramberger G, Labes H, Lelas D, Lim H, Löhr B, Mankel R, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Nguyen CN, Notz D, Nucio-Quiroz AE, Polini A, Raval A, Rurua L, Schneekloth U, Stösslein U, Wolf G, Youngman C, Zeuner W, Schlenstedt S, Barbagli G, Gallo E, Genta C, Pelfer PG, Bamberger A, Benen A, Karstens F, Dobur D, Vlasov NN, Bell M, Bussey PJ, Doyle AT, Ferrando J, Hamilton J, Hanlon S, Saxon DH, Skillicorn IO, Gialas I, Carli T, Gosau T, Holm U, Krumnack N, Lohrmann E, Milite M, Salehi H, Schleper P, Stonjek S, Wichmann K, Wick K, Ziegler A, Ziegler A, Collins-Tooth C, Foudas C, Gonçalo R, Long KR, Tapper AD, Cloth P, Filges D, Kataoka M, Nagano K, Tokushuku K, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Barakbaev AN, Boos EG, Pokrovskiy NS, Zhautykov BO, Son D, Piotrzkowski K, Barreiro F, Glasman C, González O, Labarga L, del Peso J, Tassi E, Terrón J, Vázquez M, Zambrana M, Barbi M, Corriveau F, Gliga S, Lainesse J, Padhi S, Stairs DG, Walsh R, Tsurugai T, Antonov A, Danilov P, Dolgoshein BA, Gladkov D, Sosnovtsev V, Suchkov S, Dementiev RK, Ermolov PF, Golubkov YA, Katkov II, Khein LA, Korzhavina IA, Kuzmin VA, Levchenko BB, Lukina OY, Proskuryakov AS, Shcheglova LM, Zotkin SA, Coppola N, Grijpink S, Koffeman E, Kooijman P, Maddox E, Pellegrino A, Schagen S, Tiecke H, Velthuis JJ, Wiggers L, de Wolf E, Brümmer N, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Ling TY, Cooper-Sarkar AM, Cottrell A, Devenish RCE, Foster B, Grzelak G, Gwenlan C, Patel S, Straub PB, Walczak R, Bertolin A, Brugnera R, Carlin R, Dal Corso F, Dusini S, Garfagnini A, Limentani S, Longhin A, Parenti A, Posocco M, Stanco L, Turcato M, Heaphy EA, Metlica F, Oh BY, Whitmore JJ, Iga Y, D’Agostini G, Marini G, Nigro A, Cormack C, Hart JC, McCubbin NA, Heusch C, Park IH, Pavel N, Abramowicz H, Gabareen A, Kananov S, Kreisel A, Levy A, Kuze M, Fusayasu T, Kagawa S, Kohno T, Tawara T, Yamashita T, Hamatsu R, Hirose T, Inuzuka M, Kaji H, Kitamura S, Matsuzawa K, Ferrero MI, Monaco V, Sacchi R, Solano A, Arneodo M, Ruspa M, Koop T, Martin JF, Mirea A, Butterworth JM, Hall-Wilton R, Jones TW, Lightwood MS, Sutton MR, Targett-Adams C, Ciborowski J, Ciesielski R, Łużniak P, Nowak RJ, Pawlak JM, Sztuk J, Tymieniecka T, Ukleja A, Ukleja J, Żarnecki AF, Adamus M, Plucinski P, Eisenberg Y, Gladilin LK, Hochman D, Karshon U, Riveline M, Kçira D, Lammers S, Li L, Reeder DD, Rosin M, Savin AA, Smith WH, Deshpande A, Dhawan S, Bhadra S, Catterall CD, Fourletov S, Hartner G, Menary S, Soares M, Standage J. Erratum: Bottom photoproduction measured using decays into muons in dijet events inepcollisions ats=318 GeV[Phys. Rev. D70, 012008 (2004)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.74.059906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Sridhar U, Chawla R, Dhawan S. Polymicrobial keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:803. [PMID: 16714278 PMCID: PMC1860234 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.094151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
28
|
Shasany AK, Darokar MP, Dhawan S, Gupta AK, Gupta S, Shukla AK, Patra NK, Khanuja SPS. Use of RAPD and AFLP markers to identify inter- and intraspecific hybrids of Mentha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 96:542-9. [PMID: 16135712 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Three controlled crosses were carried out involving Mentha arvensis and Mentha spicata [M. spicata CIMAP/C30 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33 (cv. Neera); M. arvensis CIMAP/C18 x CIMAP/C17 (cv. Kalka); and M. arvensis CIMAP/C17 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33]. The parents were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with 80 primers, and polymorphic primers were tested for detecting coinherited RAPD profiles among the progeny of these crosses. Of 50 seedlings tested from each intraspecific cross, all demonstrated dominant profiles with the selected RAPD primers except the detected hybrid from respective crosses. Coinherited markers could be detected with the primers OPJ 01, MAP 06, OPT 08, and OPO 20 for M. arvensis; OPJ 05, OPJ 14, OPO 19, and OPT 09 for M. spicata; and OPJ 07, OPJ 10, OPJ 11, OPJ 14, and OPO 02 for the cross M. arvensis x M. spicata. In our amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, 40 coinherited marker fragments were identified for the cross involving M. arvensis, 32 for the cross involving M. spicata, and 41 for the interspecific cross between M. arvensis and M. spicata. In all crosses, similarity values between the parents were less than those between the parents and the hybrids. Although RAPD markers are generally considered dominant, it is possible to identify a few codominant markers that behave like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. This molecular marker system may be helpful in rapidly screening out hybrids in crops where cross-pollination is a problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Shasany
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tripathi R, Dhawan S, Dutta GP. Blood schizontocidal activity of azithromycin and its combination with α/β arteether against multi-drug resistantPlasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, a novel MDR parasite model for antimalarial screening. Parasitology 2005; 131:295-301. [PMID: 16178350 DOI: 10.1017/s003118200500778x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many different drug-resistant lines of rodent malaria are available as screening models. It is obligatory to screen new compounds for antimalarial activity against a series of resistant lines in order to identify a compound with potential for the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) malaria infections. Instead of using a battery of resistant lines, a single MDRPlasmodium yoelii nigeriensisstrain that shows a wide spectrum of drug resistance to high doses of chloroquine, mepacrine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, quinine, quinidine, halofantrine as well as tetracyclines, fluoroquinolines and erythromycin, was used to assess the blood schizontocidal efficacy of a new macrolide azithromycin and other antibiotics. The present study shows that only azithromycin has the potential to control an MDRP. y. nigeriensisinfection in Swiss mice, provided the treatment with a dose of 50–100 mg/kg/day by oral route is continued for a period of 7 days. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycyline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, although activein vitro, failed to protect the mice. Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin combinations with chloroquine did not control the infection. Additionally, the antimalarial efficacy of azithromycin can be potentiated with the addition of arteether, which is an ethyl ether derivative of artemisinin. A total (100%) curative effect has been obtained with a shorter regimen of 4 days only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tripathi
- Division of Parasitology, P.O. Box No. 173, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sachdeva A, Sachdeva S, Mohan R, Pruthi PK, Gupta S, Dhawan S, Vineeta J, Yadav SP, Singh N. Late effects: Ten years long term follow up of pediatric oncology patients - From nihilism to cautious optimism. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Mohan
- Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - S. Gupta
- Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S. Dhawan
- Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - N. Singh
- Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The mucoadhesion, swelling, and drug release behavior of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and carbopol (CP) matrices were studied using a water soluble model drug diltiazem hydrochloride. The mucoadhesive strength of the matrices increased with increase in polymer content. The results showed that PEO was more mucoadhesive than CP. Mucoadhesion of the tablets was dependent upon the swelling. Swelling was ascertained by measuring the axial and radial expansion of matrix tablets following exposure to media of physiological ionic strength. There was a marked increase in the swelling index of matrices containing high polymer content of PEO as compared to CP. Drug release kinetics were found to be closely related to dissolution and swelling properties of the matrices. The release was found to be non-Fickian with n (release exponent) values ranging from 0.45-0.58. At a constant polymer content (15.84% w/w), the main contributing factor for the mucoadhesion, swelling, and release was the amount of PEO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Varma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sinha VR, Singla AK, Wadhawan S, Kaushik R, Kumria R, Bansal K, Dhawan S. Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs. Int J Pharm 2004; 274:1-33. [PMID: 15072779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2002] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer with great potential for pharmaceutical applications due to its biocompatibility, high charge density, non-toxicity and mucoadhesion. It has been shown that it not only improves the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs but also exerts a significant effect on fat metabolism in the body. Gel formation can be obtained by interactions of chitosans with low molecular counterions such as polyphosphates, sulphates and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. This gelling property of chitosan allows a wide range of applications such as coating of pharmaceuticals and food products, gel entrapment of biochemicals, plant embryo, whole cells, microorganism and algae. This review is an insight into the exploitation of the various properties of chitosan to microencapsulate drugs. Various techniques used for preparing chitosan microspheres and evaluation of these microspheres have also been reviewed. This review also includes the factors that affect the entrapment efficiency and release kinetics of drugs from chitosan microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V R Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sher A, Appel R, Atoyan GS, Bassalleck B, Bergman DR, Cheung N, Dhawan S, Do H, Egger J, Eilerts S, Fischer H, Herold W, Issakov VV, Kaspar H, Kraus DE, Lazarus DM, Lichard P, Lowe J, Lozano J, Ma H, Majid W, Pislak S, Poblaguev AA, Rehak P, Sher A, Thompson JA, Truöl P, Zeller ME. High statistics measurement of the K+-->pi0e+nu (K+e3) branching ratio. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:261802. [PMID: 14754040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.261802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
E865 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS collected about 70 000 K(+)(e3) events to measure the K(+)(e3) branching ratio relative to the observed K+-->pi(+)pi(0), K+-->pi(0)micro(+)nu, and K+-->pi(+)pi(0)pi(0) decays. The pi(0) in all the decays was detected using the e(+)e(-) pair from pi(0)-->e(+)e(-)gamma decay and no photons were required. Using the 2002 Particle Data Group branching ratios for the normalization decays, we obtain BR(K(+)(e3(gamma)))=(5.13+/-0.02(stat)+/-0.09(syst)+/-0.04(norm))%, where K(+)(e3(gamma)) includes the effect of virtual and real photons. This result is approximately 2.3sigma higher than the current Particle Data Group value. Implications for the V(us) element of the CKM matrix, and the matrix's unitarity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dhawan S, Singla AK. Nifedipine loaded chitosan microspheres prepared by emulsification phase-separation. Biotech Histochem 2003; 78:243-54. [PMID: 14989642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A high yield of nifedipine-chitosan microspheres could be obtained using an emulsification phase-separation method. A high level of entrapment of nifedipine in the microspheres was achieved. The microspheres exhibited excellent swelling properties. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that at 1.84% loading, nifedipine was dispersed molecularly. The microspheres exhibited faster release at low loadings compared to high loadings. Fitting the data to the coupled Fickian/case II equation, showed that at low loadings polymer relaxation coefficients (k2) were high. As the polymer content increased in the microspheres, the value of n (diffusional exponent characteristic of the release mechanism) approached one, which is indicative of zero order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhawan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
A homologue of the segment polarity gene wnt-1 from Bombyx mori (Bmwnt-1) has been characterized. The segmentally reiterated pattern of Bmwnt-1 transcrip9t distribution in B. mori embryos suggested its segment polarity function. Maximal levels of Bmwnt-1 RNA during embryonic development were reached by stage 21A. In the larval stages, Bmwnt-1 was expressed in the fore- and hindwing discs, ovaries, testes and gut, reminiscent of the expression domains in Drosophila. Bmwnt-1 was expressed in the wing-margin area of both the fore- and hindwing discs. The pattern of wnt-1 expression in the hindwing discs was similar to that in the butterfly Precis coenia but subtle differences existed in forewing discs of the two species, which correlated well with the absence of proximal bands of pigmentation in the adult Bombyx wings. In addition, Bmwnt-1 was expressed in the silkglands and the expression was confined to the anterior sub-compartment within the middle silkglands throughout development from the embryonic to late larval stages. This domain of Bmwnt-1 expression overlapped with those of Cubitus interruptus (BmCi) and sericin-2 but excluded the Engrailed expression domain viz. the middle and posterior sub-compartments of middle silkglands. Bmwnt-1 expression was detected only during the intermoults and not in the moulting periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Naproxen has a propensity to cause ulcers whereas zinc ions are known to possess an anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, zinc complex of naproxen was prepared by adding zinc sulfate to an aqueous solution of sodium naproxen and its structure was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, UV, DSC, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Anti-inflammatory studies, using the carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05, ANOVA plotted by Dunnet's test) in the anti-inflammatory activity of naproxen, its zinc complex, and the physical mixture of naproxen and zinc sulfate. In addition, zinc complex of naproxen showed a significant reduction in ulcers (lesion index (LI)) as compared to that of naproxen and physical mixture of naproxen and zinc sulfate. Thus, the use of the complex may be preferable to naproxen alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
This paper describes the validation of a sensitive, accurate, and reproducible method for the determination of a release profile of glipizide from controlled-release dosage forms. In this method, an in vitro dissolution profile of commercial controlled-release dosage forms is determined using a reversed-phase C(18) column, mobile phase (acetonitrile-buffer, 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4) adjusted to pH 3.5 with orthophosphoric acid), and UV detection at a wavelength of 275 nm. The method is validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and detection and quantitation limits. The same method can be exploited to determine the plasma concentration of glipizide. The peak area versus plasma concentration is linear over the range of 12.5-1000 ng/mL and the detection limit was 5 ng/mL in plasma. The average accuracy was 99.90% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of not more than 3%. Repeatability and reproducibility were found to be good with an RSD of less than 3%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhawan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India-160014.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
AIMS Effect of ethidium bromide, a DNA intercalating agent, on laccase production from Cyathus bulleri was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The bird's nest fungus, Cyathus bulleri was grown on 2% (w/v) malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with 1.5 microg ml(-1) of the phenanthridine dye ethidium bromide (EtBr) for 7 d and when grown subsequently in malt extract broth (MEB), produced a 4.2-fold increase in laccase production as compared to the untreated fungus. The fungal cultures following a single EtBr treatment, when regrown on MEA devoid of EtBr, produced a sixfold increase in laccase in MEB. However, on subsequent culturing on MEA in the absence of EtBr, only a 2.5-fold increase in laccase production could be maintained. In another attempt, the initial EtBr-treated cultures, when subjected to a second EtBr treatment (1.5 microg ml(-1)) on MEA for 7 d, produced a 1.4-fold increase in laccase production in MEB. CONCLUSIONS The white-rot fungus Cyathus bulleri, when treated with EtBr at a concentration of 1.5 microg ml(-1) and regrown on MEA devoid of EtBr, produced a sixfold increase in laccase production in MEB. SIGNIFICANCE AND THE IMPACT OF THE STUDY The variable form of C. bulleri capable of hyper laccase production can improve the economic feasibility of environmentally benign processes involving use of fungal laccases in cosmetics (including hair dyes), food and beverages, clinical diagnostics, pulp and paper industry, industrial effluent treatment, animal biotechnology and biotransformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, University of Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Poblaguev AA, Appel R, Atoyan GS, Bassalleck B, Bergman DR, Cheung N, Dhawan S, Do H, Egger J, Eilerts S, Herold W, Issakov VV, Kaspar H, Kraus DE, Lazarus DM, Lichard P, Lowe J, Lozano J, Ma H, Majid W, Pislak S, Rehak P, Sher A, Thompson JA, Truöl P, Zeller ME. Experimental study of the radiative decays K+-->mu(+)nue(+)e(-) and K+-->e(+)nue(+)e(-). Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:061803. [PMID: 12190577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experiment 865 at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron obtained 410 K+-->e(+)nue(+)e(-) and 2679 K+-->mu(+)nue(+)e(-) events including 10% and 19% background. The branching ratios were measured to be [2.48+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.14(syst)]x10(-8) (m(ee)>150 MeV) and (7.06+/-0.16+/-0.26)x10(-8) (m(ee)>145 MeV), respectively. Results for the decay form factors are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Poblaguev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117 312, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chekanov S, Derrick M, Krakauer D, Magill S, Musgrave B, Pellegrino A, Repond J, Yoshida R, Mattingly MCK, Antonioli P, Bari G, Basile M, Bellagamba L, Boscherini D, Bruni A, Bruni G, Romeo GC, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Contin A, Corradi M, De Pasquale S, Giusti P, Iacobucci G, Levi G, Margotti A, Massam T, Nania R, Palmonari F, Pesci A, Sartorelli G, Zichichi A, Aghuzumtsyan G, Brock I, Goers S, Hartmann H, Hilger E, Irrgang P, Jakob HP, Kappes A, Katz UF, Kerger R, Kind O, Paul E, Rautenberg J, Schnurbusch H, Stifutkin A, Tandler J, Voss KC, Weber A, Wieber H, Bailey DS, Brook NH, Cole JE, Foster B, Heath GP, Heath HF, Robins S, Rodrigues E, Scott J, Tapper RJ, Wing M, Capua M, Mastroberardino A, Schioppa M, Susinno G, Jeoung HY, Kim JY, Lee JH, Lim IT, Ma KJ, Pac MY, Caldwell A, Helbich M, Liu W, Liu X, Mellado B, Paganis S, Sampson S, Schmidke WB, Sciulli F, Chwastowski J, Eskreys A, Figiel J, Klimek K, Olkiewicz K, Przybycień MB, Stopa P, Zawiejski L, Bednarek B, Grabowska-Bold I, Jeleń K, Kisielewska D, Kowal AM, Kowal M, Kowalski T, Mindur B, Przybycień M, Rulikowska-Zarȩbska E, Suszycki L, Szuba D, Szuba J, Kotański A, Bauerdick LAT, Behrens U, Borras K, Chiochia V, Crittenden J, Dannheim D, Desler K, Drews G, Fox-Murphy A, Fricke U, Geiser A, Goebel F, Göttlicher P, Graciani R, Haas T, Hain W, Hartner GF, Hebbel K, Hillert S, Koch W, Kötz U, Kowalski H, Labes H, Löhr B, Mankel R, Martens J, Martínez M, Milite M, Moritz M, Notz D, Petrucci MC, Polini A, Schneekloth U, Selonke F, Stonjek S, Wolf G, Wollmer U, Whitmore JJ, Wichmann R, Youngman C, Zeuner W, Coldewey C, Viani ALD, Meyer A, Schlenstedt S, Barbagli G, Gallo E, Pelfer PG, Bamberger A, Benen A, Coppola N, Markun P, Raach H, Wölfle S, Bell M, Bussey PJ, Doyle AT, Glasman C, Lee SW, Lupi A, McCance GJ, Saxon DH, Skillicorn IO, Bodmann B, Gendner N, Holm U, Salehi H, Wick K, Yildirim A, Ziegler A, Carli T, Garfagnini A, Gialas I, Lohrmann E, Foudas C, Gonçalo R, Long KR, Metlica F, Miller DB, Tapper AD, Walker R, Cloth P, Filges D, Kuze M, Nagano K, Tokushuku K, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Barakbaev AN, Boos EG, Pokrovskiy NS, Zhautykov BO, Ahn SH, Lee SB, Park SK, Lim H, Son D, Barreiro F, García G, González O, Labarga L, del Peso J, Redondo I, Terrón J, Vázquez M, Barbi M, Bertolin A, Corriveau F, Ochs A, Padhi S, Stairs DG, Tsurugai T, Antonov A, Bashkirov V, Danilov P, Dolgoshein BA, Gladkov D, Sosnovtsev V, Suchkov S, Dementiev RK, Ermolov PF, Golubkov YA, Katkov II, Khein LA, Korotkova NA, Korzhavina IA, Kuzmin VA, Levchenko BB, Lukina OY, Proskuryakov AS, Shcheglova LM, Solomin AN, Vlasov NN, Zotkin SA, Bokel C, Engelen J, Grijpink S, Maddox E, Koffeman E, Kooijman P, Schagen S, Tassi E, Tiecke H, Tuning N, Velthuis JJ, Wiggers L, de Wolf E, Brümmer N, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Gilmore J, Ginsburg CM, Kim CL, Ling TY, Boogert S, Cooper-Sarkar AM, Devenish RCE, Ferrando J, Große-Knetter J, Matsushita T, Rigby M, Ruske O, Sutton MR, Walczak R, Brugnera R, Carlin R, Corso FD, Dusini S, Limentani S, Longhin A, Parenti A, Posocco M, Stanco L, Turcato M, Adamczyk L, Iannotti L, Oh BY, Saull PRB, Toothacker WS, Iga Y, D’Agostini G, Marini G, Nigro A, Cormack C, Hart JC, McCubbin NA, Epperson D, Heusch C, Sadrozinski H, Seiden A, Williams DC, Park IH, Pavel N, Abramowicz H, Dagan S, Gabareen A, Kananov S, Kreisel A, Levy A, Abe T, Fusayasu T, Kohno T, Umemori K, Yamashita T, Hamatsu R, Hirose T, Inuzuka M, Kitamura S, Matsuzawa K, Nishimura T, Arneodo M, Cartiglia N, Cirio R, Costa M, Ferrero MI, Maselli S, Monaco V, Peroni C, Ruspa M, Sacchi R, Solano A, Staiano A, Bailey DC, Fagerstroem CP, Galea R, Koop T, Levman GM, Martin JF, Mirea A, Sabetfakhri A, Butterworth JM, Gwenlan C, Hall-Wilton R, Hayes ME, Heaphy EA, Jones TW, Lane JB, Lightwood MS, West BJ, Ciborowski J, Ciesielski R, Grzelak G, Nowak RJ, Pawlak JM, Smalska B, Tymieniecka T, Ukleja A, Ukleja J, Zakrzewski JA, Żarnecki AF, Adamus M, Plucinski P, Sztuk J, Eisenberg Y, Gladilin LK, Hochman D, Karshon U, Breitweg J, Chapin D, Cross R, Kçira D, Lammers S, Reeder DD, Savin AA, Smith WH, Deshpande A, Dhawan S, Hughes VW, Straub PB, Bhadra S, Catterall CD, Frisken WR, Khakzad M, Menary S. Properties of hadronic final states in diffractive deep inelasticepscattering at DESY HERA. Int J Clin Exp Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.65.052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
Pislak S, Appel R, Atoyan GS, Bassalleck B, Bergman DR, Cheung N, Dhawan S, Do H, Egger J, Eilerts S, Herold W, Issakov VV, Kaspar H, Kraus DE, Lazarus DM, Lichard P, Lowe J, Lozano J, Ma H, Majid W, Poblaguev AA, Rehak P, Sher A, Thompson JA, Truöl P, Zeller ME. New measurement of K(+)(e4) decay and the s-pave pi pi-scattering length a(0)(0). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:221801. [PMID: 11736394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.221801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2001] [Revised: 10/01/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sample of 4 x 10(5) events from the decay K(+)-->pi(+)pi(-)e(+)nu(e) (K(e4)) has been collected in experiment E865 at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. The analysis of these data yields new measurements of the K(e4) branching ratio [(4.11+/-0.01+/-0.11) x 10(-5)], the s-wave pi pi scattering length [a(0)(0) = 0.216+/-0.013(stat)+/-0.004(syst)+/-0.005(theor)], and the form factors F, G, and H of the hadronic current and their dependence on the invariant pi pi mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pislak
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Amstad PA, Yu G, Johnson GL, Lee BW, Dhawan S, Phelps DJ. Detection of caspase activation in situ by fluorochrome-labeled caspase inhibitors. Biotechniques 2001; 31:608-10, 612, 614, passim. [PMID: 11570504 DOI: 10.2144/01313pf01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is dependent on the activation of a group of proteolytic enzymes called caspases. Caspase activation can be detected by immunoblotting using caspase-specific antibodies or by caspase activity measurement employing pro-fluorescent substrates that become fluorescent upon cleavage by the caspase. Most of these methods require the preparation of cell extracts and, therefore, are not suitable for the detection of active caspases within the living cell. Using FAM-VAD-FMK, we have developed a simple and sensitive assay for the detection of caspase activity in living cells. FAM-VAD-FMK is a carboxyfluorescein (FAM) derivative of benzyloxycarbonyl-valine-alanine-aspartic acid-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-FMK), which is a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor of caspases. FAM-VAD-FMK enters the cell and irreversibly binds to activated caspases. Cells containing bound FAM-VAD-FMK can be analyzed by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, or a fluorescence plate reader. Using FAM-VAD-FMK, we have measured caspase activation in live non-adherent and adherent cells. We show that FAM-VAD-FMK labeled Jurkat and HeLa cells that had undergone apoptosis following treatment with camptothecin or staurosporine. Non-stimulated negative control cells were not stained. Pretreatment with the general caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK blocked caspase-specific staining in induced Jurkat and HeLa cells. Pretreatment of staurosporine-induced Jurkat cells with FAM-VAD-FMK inhibited affinity labeling of caspase-3, -6, and -7, blocked caspase-specific cell staining, and led to the inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, the fluorescent control inhibitor FAM-FA-FMK had no effect. Measurement of caspase activation in 96-well plates showed a 3- to 5-fold increase in FAM-fluorescence in staurosporine-treated cells compared to control cells. In summary, we show that FAM-VAD-FMK is a versatile and specific tool for detecting activated caspases in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Amstad
- Intergen Discovery Products, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Singla AK, Sharma ML, Dhawan S. Nifedipine loaded chitosan microspheres: characterization of internal structure. Biotech Histochem 2001; 76:165-71. [PMID: 11549129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, a simple technique was employed to obtain cross-sections of unloaded and nifedipine loaded chitosan microspheres. Microspheres, adhering to a polymerized resin block, were cut with an ultramicrotome and viewed with a scanning electron microscope. Unloaded microspheres exhibited a uniform dense matrix structure while crystals of nifedipine were clearly visible in the drug-loaded microspheres. At 2% drug loading, however, no crystals could be seen in the microspheres indicating that either the drug was molecularly dispersed or dissolved in the matrix at this concentration. This was confirmed by powder X-ray diffractometry studies where no peak due to crystalline nifedipine was observed. At high Span 85 concentration (1.5% w/v), the external surface of the microspheres collapsed, but the internal structure remained dense. When the drug was dispersed in the chitosan solution with stirring during preparation, the entrapment was good and the shape of the crystals was changed. The internal structure of the microspheres following dissolution exhibited the presence of pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chandigarh, Panjab University, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A 10-year-experience with 42 cases of teratomas in paediatric age group is presented. The commonest type of teratoma was sacrococcygeal followed by ovarian and retroperitoneal teratomas. An analysis of clinical profile, malignant potential, management, prognostic factors and follow up is discussed with review of literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K N Rattan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pt. B.D. Sharma, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
We report here a novel, highly immunogenic synthetic, multiple-peptide conjugate comprising functional domains Tat(21-40) and Tat(53-68) from HIV-1 group M plus Tat(9-20) from HIV-1 group O of the HIV-Tat protein (HIV-1-Tat-MPC). Vaccination of mice with HIV-1-Tat-MPC induced an effective immune response to all three functional domains. The anti-HIV-1-Tat-MPC antibodies efficiently inhibited Tat-induced viral activation in monocytes infected with HIV(Ba-L) as well as with various clinical HIV-1 isolates, and reduced Tat-mediated cytopathicity in infected cells by 60-75%. Our results indicate that anti-HIV-1-Tat-MPC antibodies inhibit viral pathogenesis, possibly by blocking functional determinants of Tat and disrupting autocrine and paracrine actions of secreted Tat protein. This epitope-specific, synthetic Tat construct may, therefore, provide a subunit AIDS vaccine candidate for inducing an effective immunoprophylaxis response to reduce progression of HIV infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Chemical
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/virology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/virology
- Time Factors
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Boykins
- Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Appel R, Atoyan GS, Bassalleck B, Bergman DR, Cheung N, Dhawan S, Do H, Egger J, Eilerts S, Fischer H, Herold W, Issakov VV, Kaspar H, Kraus DE, Lazarus DM, Lichard P, Lowe J, Lozano J, Ma H, Majid W, Menzel W, Pislak S, Poblaguev AA, Rehak P, Sher A, Thompson JA, Truöl P, Zeller ME. Search for lepton flavor violation in K+ decays into a charged pion and two leptons. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:2877-2880. [PMID: 11005958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A search for lepton flavor violating decays, K+ --> mu+ mu+ pi-, K+ --> e+ e+ pi-, K+ --> pi+ e+ mu-, K+ --> mu+ e+ pi-, and pi0 --> e+ mu-, was performed using the data collected in Experiment E865 at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. No signal was found in any of the decay modes. At the 90% confidence level, the branching ratios are less than 3.0x10(-9), 6.4x10(-10), 5. 2x10(-10), 5.0x10(-10), and 3.4x10(-9), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Appel
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Appel R, Atoyan GS, Bassalleck B, Bergman DR, Brown DN, Cheung N, Dhawan S, Do H, Egger J, Eilerts S, Felder C, Fischer H, Gach M, Herold W, Issakov VV, Kaspar H, Kraus DE, Lazarus DM, Leipuner L, Lichard P, Lowe J, Lozano J, Ma H, Majid W, Menzel W, Pislak S. Improved limit on the rate of the decay K+ --> pi(+)&mgr;(+)e(-). Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:2450-2453. [PMID: 10978079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report results of a search for the lepton-family number violating decay K+-->pi(+)&mgr;(+)e(-) from data collected by experiment E865 in 1996 at the Alternating Gradient Synchroton of Brookhaven National Laboratory. We place an upper limit on the branching ratio at 3.9x10(-11) ( 90% C.L.). Together with results based on data collected in 1995 and an earlier experiment, E777, this result establishes a combined 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching ratio at 2.8x10(-11). We also report a new upper limit on the branching ratio for pi(0)-->&mgr;(+)e(-) of 3.8x10(-10) ( 90% C. L.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Appel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 and Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shasany AK, Khanuja SP, Dhawan S, Kumar S. Positive correlation between menthol content and in vitro menthol tolerance in Mentha arvensis L. cultivars. J Biosci 2000; 25:263-6. [PMID: 11022228 DOI: 10.1007/bf02703934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Menthol is a highly valued monoterpene produced by Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) as a natural product with wide applications in cosmetics, confectionery, flavours, beverages and therapeutics. Selection of high menthol yielding genotypes is therefore the ultimate objective of all genetic improvement programmes in Mentha arvensis. A positive correlation was observed in the present study between menthol content in oils of evaluated genotypes and the level of tolerance to externally supplied menthol of explants of these genotypes in culture medium. The easy use of this relationship as a selectable biochemical marker opens the practical applicability of large scale in vitro screening of the germplasm, clones and breeders' material for selection of elite genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Shasany
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow 226 015, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ma H, Appel R, Atoyan GS, Bassalleck B, Bergman DR, Cheung N, Dhawan S, Do H, Egger J, Eilerts S, Fischer H, Herold W, Issakov VV, Kaspar H, Kraus DE, Lazarus DM, Lichard P, Lowe J, Lozano J, Majid W, Menzel W, Pislak S, Poblaguev AA, Rehak P, Sher A, Thompson JA. New measurement of the rare decay K+ --> pi(+)&mgr;(+)&mgr;(-). Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:2580-2583. [PMID: 11017274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
More than 400 K+-->pi(+)&mgr;(+)&mgr;(-) events were observed in a rare K+ decay experiment at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. Normalized to the K+-->pi(+)pi(+)pi(-) decay, the branching ratio is determined to be [9.22+/-0.60(stat)+/-0. 49(syst)]x10(-8). This branching ratio and the &mgr;&mgr; mass spectrum is in very good agreement with the measurement of the K+-->pi(+)e(+)e(-) decay, but deviates significantly from the previous measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
We describe the design and synthesis of a novel well characterized multi-peptide conjugate (MPC) system containing antigens from human malaria parasite and the Tat protein of HIV type-1 (HIV-1-Tat). Construction of the MPC utilizes Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis coupled with solution chemistry. In the first phase, a core template that serves as primary anchor for the synthesis and attachment of multiple antigens is synthesized. Serine(trityl) and multiple lysine branches with epsilon groups blocked during chain assembly are incorporated forming a tetrameric core. Cysteine whose side chain thiol serves to couple haloacetyl or S-protected haloacetyl peptides is added to complete assembly of the core template. Modification to the coupling solvent, addition of key amino acid derivatives (N-[1-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl]) in the peptide sequence allows the synthesis of base peptides on the core template with molecular mass greater than 7500 kDa. Base peptides are then reacted with high performance liquid chromatography purified haloacetyl peptides to generate multiple peptide conjugates with molecular masses of 10 to 13 kDa. MPC constructs thus formed are further characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS), amino acid analysis, size exclusion chromatography, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a chemically well defined multiple conjugate system with potential for development of synthetic subunit vaccines.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Drug Design
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/immunology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Vaccines, Conjugate/chemistry
- Vaccines, Conjugate/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Boykins
- Laboratory of Parasitic Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Allergenic Products and Parasitology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|