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Naruoka A, Ohnami S, Nagashima T, Serizawa M, Hatakeyama K, Ohshima K, Ohnami S, Urakami K, Horiuchi Y, Kiyozumi Y, Matsubayashi H, Abe M, Ohishi T, Kameya T, Sugino T, Onitsuka T, Isaka M, Ohde Y, Sugiura T, Ito T, Uesaka K, Akiyama Y, Kusuhara M, Yamaguchi K. Genomic profiling of multiple tissues in two patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Biomed Res 2021; 42:89-94. [PMID: 33840689 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome. This hereditary cancer is caused by germline variants in MEN1. Two patients with MEN1 were identified via whole exome sequencing and gene expression profile analysis, conducted for 5,063 patients with various types of cancers. We obtained multiple tumors from each patient; tumors derived from these two MEN1 patients had a loss of the normal MEN1 allele and frequently chromosomal copy number changes. Thus, we investigated whether structural variants were present in the MEN1 patient genomes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed no catastrophic rearrangements, and the tumor samples had very low somatic variants. The two patients had germline variants in MEN1 and some chromosomal copy number changes including on chromosome 11. The only pathogenic variant detected was the MEN1 germline variant, and chromosomal rearrangements led to tumorigenesis in somatic cells. Furthermore, the MEN1 tumor samples displayed a specific signature characterized by T:A>C:G transition. Studies of multiple tumors obtained from single patients are rare in hereditary cancer syndromes, and our results provide insights that the second hit of the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 may be caused by a gross genome rearrangement, not a small insertion and deletion, nor a change in epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Naruoka
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Sumiko Ohnami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute.,SRL Inc
| | - Masakuni Serizawa
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | - Keiichi Ohshima
- Medical Genetics Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Shumpei Ohnami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Division of Genetic Counseling, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | | | | | - Masato Abe
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Takuma Ohishi
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Toru Kameya
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | | | - Tetsuro Onitsuka
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Yasuhisa Ohde
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
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Oka N, Kasajima A, Konukiewitz B, Sakurada A, Okada Y, Kameya T, Weichert W, Ishikawa Y, Suzuki H, Sasano H, Klöppel G. Classification and Prognostic Stratification of Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:393-403. [PMID: 31422400 DOI: 10.1159/000502776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy and reproducibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015 classification of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NENs) is disputed. The aim of this study is to classify and grade BP-NENs using the WHO 2019 classification of digestive system NENs (DiS-NEN-WHO 2019), and to analyze its accuracy and prognostic impact. Two BP-NEN cohorts from Japan and Germany, 393 tumors (88% surgically resected), were reviewed and the clinicopathological data of the resected tumors (n = 301) correlated to patients' disease-free survival (DFS). The DiS-NEN-WHO 2019 stratified the 350 tumors into 91 (26%) neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1, 52 (15%) NET G2, 15 (4%) NET G3, and 192 (55%) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). NECs, but not NETs, were immunohistochemically characterized by abnormal p53 (100%) and retinoblastoma 1 (83%) expression. The Ki67 index, which was on average 4 times higher than mitotic count (p < 0.0001), was prognostically more accurate than the mitotic count. NET G3 patients had a worse outcome than NET G1 (p < 0.01) and NET G2 patients (p = 0.02), respectively. No prognostic difference was detected between NET G3 and NEC patients after 5 year DFS. It is concluded that stratifying BP-NEN patients according to the DiS-NEN-WHO 2019 classification results in 3 prognostically well-defined NET groups, if grading is solely based on Ki67 index. Mitotic count alone may underestimate malignant potential of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Oka
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasajima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,
- Member of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Akira Sakurada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Kameya
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Centre Hospital and Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kasajima A, Konukiewitz B, Oka N, Suzuki H, Sakurada A, Okada Y, Kameya T, Ishikawa Y, Sasano H, Weichert W, Klöppel G. Clinicopathological Profiling of Lung Carcinoids with a Ki67 Index > 20. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:109-120. [PMID: 30485860 DOI: 10.1159/000495806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinicopathological features of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) with a high proliferative index at the border area between atypical carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma have not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was, therefore, to search for lung NENs which are well differentiated but show Ki67 values that overlap with those of poorly differentiated (PD)-NENs. Resected lung NENs from 244 Japanese patients were reviewed, and Ki67 indices were assessed in all tumors. The data were then correlated to clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Among 59 (24%) well-differentiated (WD)-NENs and 185 (76%) lung PD-NENs, 7 were defined as WD-NENs with Ki67 indices > 20%. The Ki67 indices of these tumors (mean 29%, range 24-36) were significantly lower than those of PD-NENs (mean 74%, range 34-99). All WD-NENs with Ki67 > 20% lacked abnormal p53 and loss of retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) expression. In contrast, many PD-NENs expressed p53 (48%) and showed loss of Rb1 (86%). The 2- and 5-year disease-free survival rates in WD-NEN patients with Ki67 > 20% were lower than those of WD-NEN patients with Ki67 ≤20% (p < 0.01 for disease-free and overall survival). No statistical differences were detected between outcome of WD-NEN patients with Ki67 > 20% and those of PD-NEN. It is concluded that WD-NEN patients with Ki67 > 20% share the morphological and immunohistochemical features of WD-NEN patients with Ki67 ≤20%, but they have a worse prognosis, suggesting that this tumor group requires particular attention in future classifications and probably new therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kasajima
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany,
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Naomi Oka
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Sakurada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Kameya
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Department of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kasajima A, Ishikawa Y, Iwata A, Steiger K, Oka N, Ishida H, Sakurada A, Suzuki H, Kameya T, Konukiewitz B, Klöppel G, Okada Y, Sasano H, Weichert W. Inflammation and PD-L1 expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:339-350. [PMID: 29326364 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the light of novel cancer immune therapies, the status of antitumor inflammatory response and its regulation has gained much attention in patients with lung cancer. Ample datasets exist for non-small-cell lung cancer, but those for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are scarce and controversial. Here, tumor-associated inflammation, CD8+ cell infiltration and PD-L1 status were evaluated in a cohort of 57 resected carcinoids and 185 resected neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung (58 large cell carcinomas and 127 small cell carcinomas). Data were correlated with clinicopathological factors and survival. Moderate or high tumor-associated inflammation was detected in 4 carcinoids (7%) and in 37 neuroendocrine carcinomas (20%). PD-L1 immunoreactivity was seen in immune cells of 73 (39%) neuroendocrine carcinomas, while tumor cells were labeled in 21 (11%) cases. Inflammatory cells and tumor cells in carcinoids lacked any PD-L1 expression. In neuroendocrine carcinomas, PD-L1 positivity in immune cells, but not in tumor cells, was associated with intratumoral CD8+ cell infiltration (P < 0.001), as well as with the severity of tumor-associated inflammation (P < 0.001). In neuroendocrine carcinomas, tumor-associated inflammation and PD-L1 positivity in immune cells correlated with prolonged survival and the latter factor was also an independent prognosticator (P < 0.01, hazard ratio 0.4 for overall survival, P < 0.001 hazard ratio 0.4 for disease-free survival). Taken together, in neuroendocrine tumors, antitumor inflammatory response and PD-L1 expression are largely restricted to neuroendocrine carcinomas, and in this tumor entity, PD-L1 expression in inflammatory cells is positively correlated to patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kasajima
- Department of PathologyTechnical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Pathology DepartmentThe Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Iwata
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katja Steiger
- Department of PathologyTechnical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Naomi Oka
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- National Hospital OrganizationSendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishida
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Sakurada
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryInstitute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- National Hospital OrganizationSendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Kameya
- Division of PathologyShizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Sizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Günter Klöppel
- Department of PathologyTechnical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryInstitute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Department of PathologyTechnical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
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Matsumoto T, Kawashima Y, Nagashio R, Kageyama T, Kodera Y, Jiang SX, Okayasu I, Kameya T, Sato Y. A New Possible Lung Cancer Marker: VGF Detection from the Conditioned Medium of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma–Derived Cells using Secretome Analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 24:282-5. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080902400411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant neuroendocrine tumors of the lung is known to be very poor. Aiming to identify new markers of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors in early stages and also differential diagnostic markers between large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung cancer, we comprehensively analyzed peptides which were secreted into conditioned medium by LCN1, a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line. Specific peaks in conditioned medium but not in used medium alone were detected using matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Two peptide fragments of 40 and 19 amino acid residues were identified by matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. These two fragments were demonstrated to be parts of VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF), which is usually expressed in nerve cells or neuroendocrine cells. RT-PCR analysis of lung cancer cell lines showed that VGF mRNA was expressed only in neuroendocrine carcinoma–derived cells. Our data suggest that VGF can be used as a novel serological diagnostic marker of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Cellular and Histo-Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
| | - Ryo Nagashio
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Taihei Kageyama
- Department of Cellular and Histo-Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
| | - Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Histo-Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
| | - Isao Okayasu
- Department of Cellular and Histo-Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
| | - Toru Kameya
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka - Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa
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Yamaguchi K, Katagiri H, Takahashi M, Ishida Y, Ono A, Takahashi T, Ohshima K, Mochizuki T, Urakami K, Muramatsu K, Kameya T, Ito I, Nakajima T. ProGRP is a possible tumor marker for patients with Ewing sarcoma. Biomed Res 2016; 36:273-7. [PMID: 26299486 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed serum ProGRP levels in patients with Ewing sarcoma, and found that 5 out of 9 patients had elevated levels; the values range equally with those of patients with limited disease of small-cell lung carcinoma. Serum ProGRP levels in patients with bone and soft tissue malignancies other than Ewing sarcoma are not elevated. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that ProGRP-like immunoreactivities were detected in Ewing sarcoma tissues obtained from 2 patients with elevated serum ProGRP levels, suggesting that ProGRP is a product of tumor cells of Ewing sarcoma. These results indicate that serum ProGRP could serve as a specific tumor marker for Ewing sarcoma. Since ProGRP is a major hormonal product of tumor cells of small-cell lung carcinoma, a typical neuroendocrine carcinoma, it is reasonable to postulate that the present study provides an evidence for Ewing sarcoma to possess neuroendocrine differentiation.
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Miyata N, Endo M, Nakajima T, Kojima H, Maniwa T, Takahashi S, Isaka M, Kameya T, Ohde Y. High-resolution computed tomography findings of early mucinous adenocarcinomas and their pathologic characteristics in 22 surgically resected cases. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:993-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Oba H, Nishida K, Takeuchi S, Akiyama H, Muramatsu K, Kurosumi M, Kameya T. Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia with a central and peripheral carcinoid and multiple tumorlets: a case report emphasizing the role of neuropeptide hormones and human gonadotropin-alpha. Endocr Pathol 2013; 24:220-8. [PMID: 24006219 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-013-9265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). We performed immunohistochemical analysis of 17 neuropeptides and human gonadotropin-alpha (hCGα), a trophoblastic peptide that promotes the proliferation of neuroendocrine cells. A 51-year-old woman with no history of smoking was found to have a nodule in the right middle lobe. Upon examination, the nodule was found to comprise diffuse linear and nodular neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (NECH), numerous pulmonary tumorlets merging with one peripheral carcinoid, and an additional central carcinoid. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed diffuse but intense expression of the general neuroendocrine markers CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A, together with gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), calcitonin, and hCGα throughout the carcinoids, tumorlets, and NECH. Positive staining was also noted for adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, met-enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neurotensin, and growth hormone-releasing hormone in a few isolated cells of the carcinoids and the tumorlets, but staining for these proteins was entirely negative in the NECH lesions. The presence of these neuropeptides in neuroendocrine tumors might explain the presence of neuropeptide-producing tumors of the lungs, cases of which have been reported over the last 30 years. The preoperative serum proGRP level was high but returned to normal after surgical intervention, indicating that GRP was produced and secreted by carcinoids, tumorlets, and/or NECH lesions. It is also probable that neuroendocrine cells secreted GRP into the interstitium in a paracrine manner, leading to the development of dense fibrosis around the tumorlets. During the preoperative and postoperative periods, no evidence of bronchiolitis obliterans was noted, in contrast to some previously reported cases of DIPNECH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Oba
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 818, Komuro, Ina, Kita-adachi, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan,
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Watanabe R, Ito I, Kenmotsu H, Endo M, Yamamoto N, Ohde Y, Kondo H, Nakajima T, Kameya T. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: is it possible to diagnose from biopsy specimens? Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:294-304. [PMID: 23381206 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently proposed new diagnostic criteria for high-grade non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, i.e. possible large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, in biopsy specimens and have started a clinicopathological comparative study of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in an advanced stage. This study aimed to elucidate the usefulness of our diagnostic criteria for inoperable advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and to know the true incidence of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma among lung cancers. METHODS We reviewed all cancer lesions (1040 specimens) obtained by transbronchial lung biopsies in our hospital from 2002 to 2009 and selected 38 biopsy specimens that satisfied our diagnostic criteria for high-grade non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. All 38 cases were clinicopathologically investigated and all biopsy specimens were precisely studied for their morphological characteristics. RESULTS Clinicopathological information about the selected 38 cases was very similar to the clinicopathological characteristics of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma reported. Of 38 cases, six were at Stage I, II or IIIA, underwent surgery, and the diagnosis was confirmed to be large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma using surgical tumor specimens. In the 38 biopsy specimens, features of neuroendocrine morphology such as organoid nesting, peripheral palisading and rosette formation were not frequent histological features and the majority of tumor cells contained nuclei with a fine chromatin pattern. Mitoses were difficult to find; however, immunohistochemical Ki-67/MIB1 labeling indices were quite useful for evaluating proliferative activity, which ranged from 43.4 to 99.0%. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the diagnostic potential of using biopsy specimens for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and we herein proposed more simplified diagnostic criteria for possible large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in practical diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Watanabe
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Horiuchi T, Ogata S, Tominaga S, Hiroi S, Kawahara K, Hebisawa A, Irei I, Ito I, Kameya T, Tsujimura T, Nakano T, Nakanishi K, Kawai T. Immunohistochemistry of cytokeratins 7, 8, 17, 18, and 19, and GLUT-1 aids differentiation of desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma from fibrous pleuritis. Histol Histopathol 2012; 28:663-70. [PMID: 23224745 DOI: 10.14670/hh-28.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to distinguish desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma (DMM) from fibrous pleuritis (FP). We investigated the utility of immunohistochemistry as a way of differentiating between DMM and FP. We examined 11 DMMs and 46 FPs with the aid of antibodies against 18 cytokeratin (CK) subtypes, calponin, caldesmon, desmin, and GLUT-1. The best sensitivity and specificity cut-off values in the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for CKs 7, 8, 17, 18, and 19, and GLUT-1 were each above 60%. When cases with either DMM or FP were partitioned by the staining score associated with the best sensitivity and specificity cut-off values in ROC, the incidence of a positive expression for CKs 7, 8, 17, 18, and 19, and GLUT-1 was significantly higher in DMM than in FP. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry for CKs 7, 8, 17, 18, and 19, and GLUT-1 may be useful, alongside histological characteristics, for separating DMM from FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Horiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa. Japan
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Abstract
Seeds of three inbred lines of maize, with contrasting numbers of heterochromatic knobs and stored under two different ageing treatments, were analyzed for the occurrence of abnormalities at mitotic anaphase in root meristems 3, 7, 21,42, and 56 days after germination, and in root meristems of their freshly harvested selfed progeny. The largest category of detectable aberrations involved breakage of knobbed chromosome arms. We have obtained evidence that knob heterochromatin plays a central role in the origin of primary chromosome bridges. The initial event responsible for the occurrence of breakages and lagging chromosomes was characterized by the nondisjunction of newly replicated sister chromatids, which was observed to occur preferentially at the knob level. Such configurations, and all the other types of abnormalities (as for example, lagging chromosomes, typical chromosome bridges, fragments, and micronuclei), were observed at decreasing frequencies throughout root growth. Nevertheless, we have detected the occurrence of breakage-fusion-bridge cycles that were initiated by broken chromosomes. The relationship between late-replicating DNA in maize knob heterochromatin and the vulnerability of such regions to breakage is discussed. Our observations suggest a similarity between the mechanisms involved or associated with the origin of the described abnormalities and those reported to occur in cultured maize cells.
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13
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Ono A, Naito T, Ito I, Watanabe R, Shukuya T, Kenmotsu H, Tsuya A, Nakamura Y, Murakami H, Kaira K, Takahashi T, Kameya T, Nakajima T, Endo M, Yamamoto N. Correlations between serial pro-gastrin-releasing peptide and neuron-specific enolase levels, and the radiological response to treatment and survival of patients with small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012; 76:439-44. [PMID: 22300752 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate whether decrease in the serum levels of pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were correlated with the radiological response in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS Of the 196 patients, we retrospectively reviewed 118 patients elevated baseline levels of ProGRP and NSE prior to the initial therapy (IT) who survived for more than 1 month. The radiological response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1). RESULTS Decrease in the serum ProGRP was strongly correlated with the decrease of the sum of the tumor diameters (SOD) before the third course (ρ=0.50) and after the fourth course (ρ=0.42) of IT. Decrease in the serum NSE was weakly correlated with the decrease of the SOD after the fourth course (ρ=0.27), but not before the third courses (ρ=0.22). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves predicting 1-year survivors, the area under the curve (AUC) for percent changes in serum ProGRP before the third course were significantly larger than those for NSE (0.714 vs. 0.527, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Percent changes in serum ProGRP showed better correlation to SOD and prognostic impact than that of NSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ono
- Shizuoka Cancer Center, Division of Thoracic Oncology, 1007, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
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14
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Shimoji M, Nakajima T, Yamatani C, Yamamoto M, Saishou S, Isaka M, Maniwa T, Ode Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura T, Watanabe R, Ito I, Kameya T, Endo M, Kondo H. A clinicopathological and immunohistological re-evaluation of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. Pathol Int 2011; 61:717-22. [PMID: 22126378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the World Health Organization histological criteria were published in 1999, several studies have focused on adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. Therefore, we aimed to clinicopathologically re-evaluate this tumor using immunohistochemical methods. In our hospital, there have been 21 surgically resected adenosquamous carcinomas. The frequency of adenosquamous carcinoma was 1.9% and the clinical data including the patient prognosis data obtained in this study were similar to those reported previously. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study first revealed that the median maximum standardized uptake value of adenosquamous carcinoma was 9.3 and ranged from 2.0 to 24.5. According to the results of immunohistochemical staining for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and p63, adenosquamous carcinomas were divided into four subgroups: group 1, TTF-1+ and p63+ (10 cases); group 2, TTF-1- and p63+ (six cases); group 3, TTF-1+ and p63- (three cases); and group 4, TTF-1- and p63- (two cases). Of the six group 2 tumors, three were composed of unique solid nests with mucin-filled cysts and showed characteristic p63 expression, which might suggest a special type of adenosquamous carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of TTF-1 and p63 expression shows that adenosquamous carcinoma is composed of diverse tumor groups, for which the biological and histogenetic nature further needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimoji
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
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15
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Kameya T, Abe K, Aoki M, Itoyama Y. A family with mild clinical manifestations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): correlation with smaller CAG repeats. Eur J Neurol 2011; 2:349-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1995.tb00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Kameya T, Nagato T, Nakagawa K, Yamashita D, Kobayashi T, Fujie K. Quantification of umu genotoxicity level of urban river water. Water Sci Technol 2011; 63:410-415. [PMID: 21278461 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the request of environmental safety management for carcinogenic substances, mutagenic substances and/or reproductive toxicity substances (CMR) has increased. This study focused on clarifying the genotoxicity level of environmental water and its release source by using the umu test provided in ISO13829. Although a genotoxicity index "induction ratio (IR)" is used in ISO13829, we normalised it to make it possible to compare various environmental water quantitatively to each other as a new index "genotoxic activity (GA=(IR-1)/Dose)". Sample water was collected and concentrated to 100 times or 1,000 times by a solid phase extraction method. As the test results, it was found that GA level in actual river water varied widely from less than the determination limit of 23 [1/L] to 1,100 [1/L] by quantitative comparison, and the value was also equivalent to more than 50 times the level of tap water. The GA level of household wastewater was not so high, but the levels of treated water from wastewater treatment plant (WTP) were from 220 [1/L] to 3,200 [1/L]. Raw sewage of some WTP shows high level genotoxicity. A part of genotoxicity substances, for example 50%, could be removed by conventional wastewater treatment, but it was not enough to reduce the water environmental load of genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kameya
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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17
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Maruyama H, Tatsumi M, Kitayama H, Enomoto Y, Kuniyasu H, Uematsu K, Fukuda I, Kameya T, Konishi Y. A case of gastric cancer with non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia detected by insulin-like growth factor II. Pathol Int 2010; 60:595-7. [PMID: 20618739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Igawa S, Watanabe R, Ito I, Murakami H, Takahashi T, Nakamura Y, Tsuya A, Kaira K, Naito T, Endo M, Yamamoto N, Kameya T. Comparison of chemotherapy for unresectable pulmonary high-grade non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 68:438-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The mutagens produced through chemical reaction between chlorine and the insecticide fenitrothion were studied by using a quadrupole GC-MS. The mutagenicity and the mutagen formation potential (MFP) of the identified by-products were evaluated by the Ames assay (preincubation method) using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without exogenous activation by S9 mix (TA100-S9). Before conducting GC/MS analyses, six compounds were presumed to be produced in chlorinated fenitrothion. These compounds were confirmed to be produced by the GC/MS analyses, but none of them were mutagenic. One of the chlorination by-products, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, has 19 times greater MFP than that of fenitrothion. This result suggests that a major mutagen in chlorinated fenitrothion will be produced via a chemical reaction between chlorine and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kishida
- Department of Bioengineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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20
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Hiroshima K, Yusa T, Kameya T, Ito I, Kaneko K, Kadoyama C, Kishi H, Saitoh Y, Ozaki D, Itami M, Iwata T, Iyoda A, Kawai T, Yoshino I, Nakatani Y. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: Clinicopathology of 16 extrapleural pneumonectomy patients with special reference to early stage features. Pathol Int 2009; 59:537-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2009.02404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Kusafuka K, Asano R, Kamijo T, Iida Y, Onitsuka T, Kameya T, Nakajima T. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the tongue base: case report of an unusual location with immunohistochemical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38:296-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Kusafuka K, Muramatsu K, Yabuzaki T, Ishiki H, Asano R, Kamijo T, Iida Y, Ebihara M, Onitsuka T, Kameya T. Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the larynx: a case report of an unusual location with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Head Neck 2008; 30:1257-63. [PMID: 18286485 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain origin. In this article, we report a case of ASPS occurring in the larynx, an extremely rare location for this rather unusual tumor. METHODS AND RESULTS The patient was a 34-year-old Japanese woman who requested an examination for hoarseness. The tumor showed a proliferation of large polygonal cells with periodic-acid-Schiff-positive diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic granules, arranged in an alveolar growth pattern. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was eosinophilic. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin and titin. Nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3 was observed, and the Ki-67 labeling index was 14.7%. Ultrastructurally, electron-dense rod-shaped crystals were infrequently observed in the cytoplasm. This case was finally diagnosed as ASPS of the larynx. CONCLUSION We discuss the histogenesis and differential diagnosis of ASPS with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. TFE3 immunohistochemistry was found to be a very useful marker for the diagnosis of ASPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihide Kusafuka
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
Cystadenoma is a relatively rare benign epithelial tumor of the salivary glands, and described herein is an additional case. A 51-year-old Japanese man had noticed a mass of the left hard palate 25 years previously. Macroscopically, the resected specimen was a multicystic lesion. Histologically, the tumor was composed of bilayered columnar epithelium with cystic change and partial solid growth of glandular structures with clear cells. The tumor cells had mild cellular atypia, but the tumor lacked papillary growth and a fibrous capsule. Immunohistochemistry was positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, MUC1, MUC4 and MUC6, but negative for myoepithelial markers, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B. Such MUC expression patterns suggested that cystadenoma occurs from excretory ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihide Kusafuka
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan.
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24
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Endo M, Nakagawa K, Ohde Y, Okumura T, Kondo H, Igawa S, Nakamura Y, Tsuya A, Murakami H, Takahashi T, Yamamoto N, Ito I, Kameya T. Utility of 18FDG-PET for differentiating the grade of malignancy in thymic epithelial tumors. Lung Cancer 2008; 61:350-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Kojima N, Yonemura Y, Bando E, Morimoto K, Kawamura T, Yun HY, Ito I, Kameya T, Hayashi I. Optimal extent of lymph node dissection for T1 gastric cancer, with special reference to the distribution of micrometastasis, and accuracy of preoperative diagnosis for wall invasion. Hepatogastroenterology 2008; 55:1112-1117. [PMID: 18705341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Preoperative diagnosis for wall invasion and lymph node metastasis is sometimes difficult in T1 gastric cancer. Optimum dissection extent of lymph nodes for T1 gastric cancer was studied from the aspect of subclassification of wall invasion and lymph node metastasis including micrometastasis. METHODOLOGY 184 patients with cT1 or pT1 gastric cancer were studied. The grade of clinical wall invasion (cT) and clinical lymph node status (cN) were diagnosed by endoscopy and computed tomography or intraoperative findings. Lymph node metastasis (pN) was studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS In 79 cM tumors, 60 (75.9%) were diagnosed as pM. In 88 cSM tumors, 42 (47.7%) were diagnosed as pSM. In 94 pM gastric cancers, micrometastases were found in two patients (2.1%) and in N1 stations. Two (1.9%) of 70 pSM cancers had micrometastasis in No. 7, 8a and 12a stations. Lymph node metastasis (pN) correlated significantly with the depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Regarding the pN2 stations, one (1.1%) of 94 pM tumors had lymph node metastasis in No.7 station, and 9 (12.9%) of 70 pSM tumors had nodal involvement in No.7, 8a, 11p, 12a and 14v stations. All eight pN+/cM tumors were diagnosed as nN0 and four (1.4%) of 23 pN+/cSM tumors were correctly diagnosed as pN+. In contrast, 8 (9.9%) of 81 cN0/cM tumors and 19 (24.1%) of 79 cN0/cSM tumors had histological lymph node metastasis (pN+). CONCLUSIONS Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is very low. Accordingly, prophylactic lymph node dissection is recommended even for cT1 and cN0 tumors. For cN0/cM cancer, D1+No.7 is recommended. D1+No.7, 8a, 9, 11p is recommended for cSM cancer, located in U or M region and additional dissection of No. 14v is recommended for cSM cancer located in L region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kojima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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26
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27
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Kusafuka K, Watanabe H, Kimata K, Hiraki Y, Shukunami C, Kameya T. Minute pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland in patients with oral malignancy: a report of two cases with histological and immunohistochemical examination. Histopathology 2007; 51:258-61. [PMID: 17553066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Kusafuka K, Takizawa Y, Iida Y, Ebihara M, Onitsuka T, Kameya T. Primary nasopharyngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma in Japanese patients: two case reports with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis and a review of the literature. Virchows Arch 2006; 450:343-8. [PMID: 17120030 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-006-0277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a common neoplasm of the salivary glands. Salivary gland-type neoplasms are very rare in the nasopharynx, and there are only few reports on mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Two additional cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the nasopharynx are reported here. Case 1: the patient was a 57-year-old Japanese woman who had bloody sputum. Case 2: the patient was a 51-year-old Japanese woman who underwent resection of a nasopharyngeal tumor. Histologically, both tumors were also low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas with clear cells. Histochemically, the gland-like nests and mucous cells were positive for mucin staining. Immunohistochemically, the lesions were positive for cytokeratins (CKs), p63, and MUC1, but negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin and EBER mRNA. The Ki-67 labeling indices of the two tumors were 10.4% and 4.3%, respectively. The two present cases and a review of the English literature indicate that salivary gland-type neoplasms arising from the nasopahrynx are extremely rare. The prognosis of salivary gland-type carcinomas of the nasopharynx is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihide Kusafuka
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
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Nishio Y, Nakanishi K, Ozeki Y, Jiang SX, Kameya T, Hebisawa A, Mukai M, Travis WD, Franks TJ, Kawai T. Telomere Length, Telomerase Activity, and Expressions of Human Telomerase mRNA Component (hTERC) and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006; 37:16-22. [PMID: 17060405 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyl118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are important for chromosome structure and function, protecting them against degradation. However, few studies have examined telomeres in pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. METHODS We investigated deparaffinized sections obtained from 70 primary NE lung tumors [34 typical carcinoids (TCs), 10 atypical carcinoids (ACs), 16 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNECs) and 10 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs)]. RESULTS Positive expressions of human telomerase mRNA component (hTERC) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA were recognized, respectively, in 58% and 74% of TCs, and in 100% and 100% of ACs, LCNECs and SCLCs. Alteration of telomere length was greater in both LCNECs and SCLCs than in TCs. Telomerase activity was detected in LCNECs, but not in TCs. By the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hTERC mRNA was detected in 100% of LCNECs and TCs examined, while hTERT mRNA was detected in 67% of LCNECs, but not at all in TCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that alterations in telomere length, telomerase activity, and the expression of hTERT mRNA may (i) play roles in pathogenesis in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, and (ii) be a useful tool for differential diagnosis between TCs and LCNECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nishio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Hosaka M, Ohde Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura T, Kameya T, Kondo H. Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a 14-year-old boy with right aortic arch. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 54:458-61. [PMID: 17087330 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-006-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report successful surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in a 14-year-old boy with right aortic arch. Pleural biopsy by video-assisted thoracic surgery yielded a diagnosis of MPM, epithelial type. As the disease was not changed after combination chemotherapy with three cycles of cisplatin and gemcitabine, we performed left extrapleural pneumonectomy, including resection of the pericardium and diaphragm for MPM, and aortopexy for right aortic arch. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient has remained alive without disease for 10 months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan
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Kusafuka K, Sasaguri K, Sato S, Takemura T, Kameya T. Runx2 expression is associated with pathologic new bone formation around radicular cysts: an immunohistochemical demonstration. J Oral Pathol Med 2006; 35:492-9. [PMID: 16918601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radicular cysts are the most common cysts in human jaw bones. These lesions induce bone remodeling of the surrounding alveolar bones, which was termed 'condensing osteitis', and was suggested to be related to cells of the osteoblastic lineage. The Runx2 (core-binding protein [cbfa]1/polyoma enhancer-binding protein [pebp]2alphaA) was shown to be a DNA-binding transcriptional molecule expressed in osteoprogenitor cells. METHODS We confirmed the specificity of anti-Runx2 antiserum, using Western blotting analysis. We investigated the expression and localization of Runx2 in 32 radicular cyst cases with bone tissue fragments, immunohistochemically. RESULTS Signals for Runx2 were seen in 18 cases (56.3%) of radicular cysts with bone formation. These signals were immunolocalized in the nuclei of the spindle-shaped osteoprogenitor cells in the cyst walls, whereas only a few signals were seen in the cuboidal osteoblastic cells near the fibrous bones. Signals for type I collagen were immunolocalized in the dense collagen fibers in the cyst walls and in the matrix of the fibrous bone around the radicular cysts, whereas no signals were seen on the inner portions with inflammatory cell infiltration of the cyst walls. Very weak signals for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 were infrequently seen in the osteoblasts of the fibrous bone, whereas signals for TGF-beta2 were observed in young osteocytes in the fibrous bones, in B-cell lymphocytes infiltrating into the inner portions, and on the cellular membranes of the lining epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The nuclear expression of Runx2 in spindle-shaped cells in the outer portions may play an essential role in the induction of fibrous bone tissue around radicular cysts. TGF-beta2 may play a role in the production of type I collagen, which acts as a template for pathologic new bone formation, in radicular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihide Kusafuka
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
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Abstract
The current histologic classifications of gastric cancers define only carcinoids and small cell carcinomas in the neuroendocrine (NE) category. This study aimed to characterize the histologic and clinical features of high-grade gastric NE carcinomas of nonsmall cell type, tentatively named large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Tumors with histologic features suspicious of NE differentiation were selected by a histologic review of 2835 resected gastric cancers, and those with a NE phenotype in > 50% and 1% to approximately 50% tumor cells assessed by expressing chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin were defined as LCNEC and adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (ACNED), respectively. One hundred ninety-nine tumors were selected and of the 109 positive for chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin, 42 and 44 met the criteria for LCNEC and ACNED, respectively. Generally, LCNECs demonstrated less predominant NE morphology than carcinoids, and could be roughly divided into solid (30 cases), tubular (7 cases), and scirrhous (5 cases) subtypes with reference to their main growth pattern. The prognosis of LCNECs was significantly worse than that of conventional adenocarcinomas (P < 0.0001). Thus, this study shows that the spectrum of gastric NE tumors is broader than has previously been recognized and LCNEC is not only a distinct histopathologic entity, but also a distinct clinical entity. Furthermore, the prognosis of ACNEDs was also significantly worse than that of adenocarcinomas (P < 0.0001), and some ACNEDs might actually have been LCNECs, and survival analysis showed that > 20% positivity of NE markers could be enough to characterize LCNEC, as long as light microscopic NE morphology was present in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
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Takeuchi T, Minami Y, Iijima T, Kameya T, Asamura H, Noguchi M. Characteristics of loss of heterozygosity in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and small cell lung carcinomas. Pathol Int 2006; 56:434-9. [PMID: 16872437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.01985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a new entity. Besides morphological characteristics, its molecular biological features have been investigated by many researchers and compared to those of other neuroendocrine carcinomas, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid tumor (CT). However, there are few reports that show the significantly different genetic characteristics between them. The purpose of the present paper was to study the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 3p (3p14.2) in 38 neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung (13 LCNEC, 11 SCLC and 14 CT) and 10 large cell carcinomas (LCC). The frequencies of LOH at 3p14.2 were 69.2% in LCNEC, 81.8% in SCLC, 50.0% in LCC and 7.14% in CT. Those at 22q13.3 were 30.8% in LCNEC, 72.7% in SCLC, 45.5% in LCC and 7.14% in CT. In particular, the frequency of SCLC with LOH at both 3p14.2 and 22q13.3 (63.6%) was significantly higher than that of LCNEC (15.4%). LCNEC and SCLC had different characteristics of LOH patterns at 3p14.2 and 22q13.3. The combined analysis of the LOH at 3p14.2 and 22q13.3 is thought to be useful for differential diagnosis between LCNEC and SCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, and Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Yonemura Y, Endou Y, Tabachi K, Kawamura T, Yun HY, Kameya T, Hayashi I, Bandou E, Sasaki T, Miura M. Evaluation of lymphatic invasion in primary gastric cancer by a new monoclonal antibody, D2-40. Hum Pathol 2006; 37:1193-9. [PMID: 16938525 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic invasion is known as an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. However, the diagnosis of lymphatic invasion is sometimes difficult by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Immunostaining using D2-40 was performed to study the distribution of lymphatic vessel and lymphatic invasion in a series of 78 primary gastric cancers. D2-40 showed specific staining for the lymphatic vessels, but not for blood vessels. The lymphatic invasion was most frequently found in the upper half of submucosal layer. Positive rate of lymphatic invasion by H&E staining was 27% (21/78), and that by D2-40 was 44% (34/78). Lymphatic invasion on H&E staining was diagnosed as false negative in 17 (21.8%) of 78 primary gastric cancers and false positive in 4 (5.1%) of 78 primary gastric cancers. Sensitivity for lymph node metastasis by the lymphatic invasion diagnosed by D2-40 was significantly higher (89%, 24/27) than by H&E staining (41%, 11/27). These results suggest that the diagnosis of lymphatic invasion by D2-40 is more sensitive than H&E staining. Sensitivity for the prediction of lymph node metastasis from the lymphatic invasion status in primary tumor by D2-40 was significantly higher than by H&E staining. Based on our results, we recommend the use of D2-40 immunoreactions for the routine evaluation of lymphatic invasion in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonemura
- Gastric Surgery Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka 411-8777, Japan.
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35
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Tsuchiya B, Sato Y, Kameya T, Okayasu I, Mukai K. Differential expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in normal human tissues. Arch Histol Cytol 2006; 69:135-45. [PMID: 16819153 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.69.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin, which expressed in various epithelial tissues, is important for the maintenance of normal epithelial phenotypes. However, the distribution of N-cadherin in normal human tissues has not been defined systemically. In the present study, we employed a sensitive, reliable immunohistochemical detection system for N-cadherin on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and succeeded in demonstrating N- and E-cadherin protein expressions and their distribution in normal human tissues. E-cadherin immunoreactivity was detected in all the epithelial tissues examined, except for the adrenal cortical cells and granulosa cells. N-cadherin was selectively expressed on epithelial cells of the thymus, pituitary, pancreas, liver, adrenal, endometrium of the uterus, ovary, and stomach as well as in neuronal tissues. Double immunostaining revealed that N-cadherin expression was closely associated with the hormone-producing ability of cells in the pancreas and pituitary. Thus, this study indicated the possibility that N-cadherin is selectively expressed in relation to hormonal regulation in some organs and plays different functions in different situations. The method presented here should prove useful for the further investigation of the N-cadherin expression and function in several disease conditions on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benio Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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36
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Kusafuka K, Ebihara M, Ishiki H, Takizawa Y, Iida Y, Onitsuka T, Takakuwa R, Kasami M, Ito I, Kameya T. Primary adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Pathol Int 2006; 56:78-83. [PMID: 16445819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.01927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon but well-recognized variant of squamous cell carcinoma that was first described by Lever in 1947. ASCC has been reported to originate in the sun-exposed skin of the head and neck and in other sites. An additional case of ASCC is reported here. The patient was a 64-year-old Japanese woman who requested examination of a reddish lesion on the left floor of the mouth. The biopsy material was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical examination showed a well-circumscribed, 20 x 10 mm-sized lesion, which was categorized as cT2cN0cm 0. Tumor resection was therefore performed. Histologically, most parts of the lesion were conventional squamous cell carcinoma in situ, but the invasive part consisted of ASCC with gland-like or reticular appearance. The latter part was negative for mucin staining. Immunohistochemically, this lesion was positive for pancytokeratin, high-molecular-weight keratin, cytokeratin (CK) 7/8, CK19, E-cadherin and p53, but negative for vimentin, CK20, and S-100 protein. The Ki-67 labeling index was 50.3% in the ASCC part and 34.5% in the carcinoma in situ part. These findings and a review of the literature indicate that a gland-like feature of ASCC is associated with the loss of cell adhesion in the center of the cancer nests, and it can be confirmed simply by mucin staining to be neither an adenosquamous carcinoma nor ductal involvement of conventional squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Cadherins/analysis
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Proliferation
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratins/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mucins/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihde Kusafuka
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto, Shizoaka, Japan
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37
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Liu R, Kameya T, Sugimura Y, Sawai A, Shigeoka T, Urano K. A larval medaka (Oryzias latipes) acute toxicity assay combined with solid-phase extraction to efficiently determine the toxicity of organic contaminants in river water. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:213-9. [PMID: 16862792 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a larval medaka (Oryzias latipes) acute toxicity assay combined with solid-phase extraction, we proposed a method for efficiently determining the fish toxicity of organic contaminants in river water. Organic toxicants were 10, 20, 50 and 100-fold concentrated from 4 L of the sample with adsorption cartridges. The lethal effect was observed by exposing every ten individuals of 48-72 h old larval medaka to 20 mL of each solution for 48h. The median lethal concentration rate (LCR50) was used as an indicator for the toxicity. With the developed toxicity test method, more than seven times difference was found in the LCR50 of the river water samples. LCR50 distribution profiles were compared with 125 samples in two typical rivers. The result revealed a lower toxicity level in the mainstream than in the confluences, and a lower toxicity level in Sagami River than in Ayase River. LCR50 proved unique as a toxicity indicator, which was impossible to speculate from the conventional water quality indicator of the dissolved organic carbon concentration. As an effective screening test for priority settings, the method can help us with an efficient planning for the environmental investigation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liu
- Venture Business Laboratory, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Japan.
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38
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Asamura H, Kameya T, Matsuno Y, Noguchi M, Tada H, Ishikawa Y, Yokose T, Jiang SX, Inoue T, Nakagawa K, Tajima K, Nagai K. Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Lung: A Prognostic Spectrum. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:70-6. [PMID: 16382115 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.04.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the lung include typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), large-cell NE carcinoma (LCNEC), and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Their clinicopathologic profiles and relative grade of malignancy have not been defined. Patients and Methods From 10 Japanese institutes, 383 surgically resected pulmonary NE tumors were collected. The histologic diagnosis was determined by the consensus of a pathology panel consisting of six expert pathologists as TC, AC, LCNEC, or SCLC on the basis of the WHO classification, and its relationship to clinicopathologic profiles was analyzed. Results Of the 383 tumors, 18 were excluded because of an improper specimen. The pathology panel reviewed the remaining 366 tumors, and a diagnosis of NE tumor was made in 318 patients (87.4%); 55 patients had TC, nine had AC, 141 had LCNEC, and 113 had SCLC. The 5-year survival rates of patients with all stages were as follows: 96.2% for TC, 77.8% for AC, 40.3% for LCNEC, and 35.7% for SCLC. There was significant prognostic difference between TC and AC as well as between AC and LCNEC+SCLC. However, there was no difference between LCNEC and SCLC, and their survival curves were superimposed. The multivariate analysis indicated that histologic type, completeness of resection, symptoms, nodal involvement, and age were significantly prognostic. Conclusion The grade of malignancy of NE tumors was upgraded in the following order: TC, AC, LCNEC, and SCLC. No prognostic difference was noted between LCNEC and SCLC. The high-grade NE histology uniformly indicated poor prognosis regardless of its histologic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Asamura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Abstract
Pituicytoma is a rare tumor in the sellar or suprasellar region with distinct histological characteristics of glial neoplasm. A 42-year-old woman presented with a history of amenorrhea and vertigo, and a 62-year-old woman presented with mild headache. Both patients had mild hyperprolactinemia and one had mild anterior pituitary dysfunction. They underwent transcranial partial resection of a suprasellar tumor. The tumors were characterized by storiform pattern of elongated cells immunoreactive for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Ultrastructural study showed abundant cytoplasmic intermediate filaments and tumor/blood vessel basal lamina, but no desmosomes between tumor cells. The residual tumors showed no changes in size without adjuvant therapy at 56 and 18 months after surgery. Pituicytoma is a glial neoplasm of adults with low proliferative activity. Patients often present with visual symptoms or anterior pituitary dysfunction. Symptoms and signs of neurohypophysis are rare. Neuroimaging reveals an intra- or suprasellar mass with non-specific features. The prognosis and role of adjuvant therapy remain unclear for this discrete noninfiltrative glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka.
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40
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Yun HY, Bandou E, Kawamura T, Kojima N, Itoh I, Kameya T, Yonemura Y. Influence of micrometastasis on N stage in gastric cancer and clinical application. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2005; 24:531-9. [PMID: 16471315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the real extent of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric cancer, an immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed. We examined 11173 lymph nodes removed from 355 patients with all stages of gastric carcinoma. Tissue preparations were stained with cytokeratin 18, monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin. Micrometastases were found in 2.5% of the lymph nodes and in 31.3% of patients. The incidence of the patients with LNM increased to 9.1% in T(1m) (n = 99), 31.6% in T(1sm) (n = 95, 23.1% in sm1, 34.8% in sm2), 66.7% in T2 (n = 108, 48.8% in mp, 76.5% in ss), 88.1% in T3 (n = 42), and 90.9% in T4 (n = 11) lesions. Upstage was identified in 8.5% of patients: 6.7% in T1 (4.0% in m, 7.7% in sm1, 10.1% in sm2), 14.8% in T2 (20% in mp, 11.8% in ss), 2.4% in T3, and 0% in T4. Factors related to LNM were: tumor size and lymphatic invasion in mucosal lesions; only lymphatic invasion in submucosal lesions; size and depth of tumor, and lymphatic invasion in T2 lesions. In conclusion, the incidence of micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes was higher than we imagined in T1 lesions, more than D1 lymphadenectomy for sm1 and selected cases of mucosal cancer, and D2 lymphadenectomy for sm2 are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yun
- Dept. of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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41
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Hirami Y, Nakagawa K, Ohde Y, Okumura T, Kondo H, Endo M, Yamamoto N, Ito I, Kameya T. P-367 FDG-PET in thymic epithelial tumors (Relationship betweenFDG-uptake and WHO histologic subtype). Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Abstract
The rdw rat was initially reported as having hereditary dwarfism caused by pituitary dysfunction. Subsequent studies on the rdw rat, however, have demonstrated that the primary cause of rdw dwarfism is present in the thyroid gland but not in the pituitary gland. The primary cause of rdw rat disorders is a missense mutation of the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene by a one-point mutation. In the present study, we attempted to rescue the dwarfism of the rdw rats using a diet supplemented with thyroid powder (T-powder) and a thyroid graft (T-graft). The infants of the rdw rat were successfully raised to a mature stage body weight, accompanied by elevation of serum growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), by the T-powder. Furthermore, the T-graft successfully increased the body weight with fertility. The serum GH and PRL levels in the T-graft rdw rat significantly increased. The serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the T-graft rdw rat were significantly decreased but were significantly higher than those in the control rat. The GH and PRL mRNA expression in the rdw rat with the T-graft was virtually the same as that of the control, but the TSH beta mRNA differed from that of the control rats. Thus, the dwarfism in the rdw rat is rescued by thyroid function compensation, such as that afforded by T-powder and T-graft.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Body Weight/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dwarfism, Pituitary/genetics
- Dwarfism, Pituitary/metabolism
- Dwarfism, Pituitary/therapy
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Growth Hormone/blood
- Growth Hormone/genetics
- Prolactin/blood
- Prolactin/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Mutant Strains
- Rats, Wistar
- Thyroid (USP)/therapeutic use
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/transplantation
- Thyrotropin, beta Subunit/blood
- Thyrotropin, beta Subunit/genetics
- Transplants
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-ichi Furudate
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Kanagawa, Japan
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43
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Igarashi T, Jiang SX, Kameya T, Asamura H, Sato Y, Nagai K, Okayasu I. Divergent cyclin B1 expression and Rb/p16/cyclin D1 pathway aberrations among pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Mod Pathol 2004; 17:1259-67. [PMID: 15154011 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A total of 111 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors comprising 13 typical carcinoids, five atypical carcinoids, 44 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 49 small-cell carcinomas were immunohistochemically studied for dysregulated cyclin B1 expression and disruption of the Rb/p16/cyclin D1 pathway (Rb pathway), and the results were correlated with tumor proliferation activity and clinical outcome. Overexpression of cyclins B1 and D1, respectively, was detected in no and 15% typical carcinoids, 20 and 20% atypical carcinoids, 84 and 32% large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 84 and 10% small-cell carcinomas. Loss of Rb and p16 expression, respectively, was observed in no and 14% typical carcinoids, no and 40% atypical carcinoids, 49 and 18% large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 84 and 8% small-cell carcinomas. In summary, 29% typical carcinoids, 20% atypical carcinoids, 78% large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 93% small-cell carcinomas had Rb pathway aberrations. Rb pathway aberration was mostly attributed to Rb loss in small-cell carcinomas, while p16 loss and/or cyclin D1 overexpression besides Rb loss also played an important role in large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, while cyclin D1 overexpression was the only cause of Rb pathway aberration in carcinoid tumors. Thus, both cyclin B1-associated G2/M arrest and Rb-mediated G1 arrest are consistently compromised in high-grade large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma, but are generally intact or occasionally altered in carcinoid tumor; the mechanisms involved in Rb pathway aberration among the tumor categories are different, reflecting a genetic divergence among the individual tumor categories. Cyclin B1 expression closely correlated with the Ki-67 labeling index either in the individual tumor categories or overall tumors (P < 0.0001, r = 0.742), suggesting that cyclin B1 is one of the key factors regulating cell proliferation in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Neither cyclins B1 and D1, Rb, p16, nor Ki-67 correlated with patient survival in individual tumor categories, suggesting that the prognostic significance of these factors is tumor-type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Igarashi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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44
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Kato A, Bando E, Shinozaki S, Yonemura Y, Aiba M, Fukuda I, Hizuka N, Kameya T. Severe hypoglycemia and hypokalemia in association with liver metastases of gastric cancer. Intern Med 2004; 43:824-8. [PMID: 15497518 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.43.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an 80-year-old man who presented with non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) in association with hepatic recurrence of gastric cancer. His serum potassium was reduced from 3.9 to 3.1 mmol/l 5 weeks after gastrectomy, and he subsequently developed hypoglycemic coma. He was diagnosed as having NICTH because of the presence of serum big IGF-II and positive staining for IGF-II in gastric cancer cells obtained at surgery. A computed tomography showed multiple liver metastases. His hypoglycemia was refractory to steroid therapy. This case suggested that NICTH could develop in association with hepatic metastases of gastric cancer. Unexpected hypokalemia may be a manifestation of occult NICTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kato
- Renal, Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi-cho
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45
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Jiang SX, Kameya T, Asamura H, Umezawa A, Sato Y, Shinada J, Kawakubo Y, Igarashi T, Nagai K, Okayasu I. hASH1 expression is closely correlated with endocrine phenotype and differentiation extent in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Mod Pathol 2004; 17:222-9. [PMID: 14657947 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human homolog 1 of the Drosophila neurogenic achaete-scute genes, hASH1, is specifically expressed in fetal pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and in some neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. However, no data have been gathered regarding its in vivo expression in tumors. hASH1 mRNA expression was investigated by in situ hybridization in 238 surgically resected lung carcinomas, and the correlations between hASH1 expression status and immunostaining results of neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A, neural cell adhesion molecule, gastrin-releasing peptide and calcitonin, and clinical outcome were analyzed. hASH1 expression was detected in 2/20 (10%) adenocarcinomas, 4/30 (13.3%) typical carcinoids, 11/13 (84.6%) atypical carcinoids, 38/67 (56.7%) large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 56/78 (71.8%) small-cell carcinomas, respectively, but not in any squamous cell carcinoma (0/21) or large-cell carcinoma (0/9). The 2 hASH1+ adenocarcinomas also expressed multiple neuroendocrine markers. Thus, hASH1 expression was restricted to lung cancers with neuroendocrine phenotypes. However, not all neuroendocrine tumors expressed hASH1. Within the entities of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma, hASH1 expression correlated very closely with chromogranin A, gastrin-releasing peptide and calcitonin expression (P<0.0001, r=0.852), but was not related to neural cell adhesion molecule expression (P=0.8892), suggesting that hASH1 expression, at least in lung cancer, is associated with endocrine phenotype expression other than 'neuroendocrine differentiation' in a broad sense. The fact that hASH1 was virtually absent in almost fully differentiated typical carcinoids, but was expressed in most, if not all, less differentiated atypical carcinoids as well as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and small-cell carcinomas, suggests that hASH1 expression in lung cancer imitates its early and transient expression in fetal development, and that hASH1 is instrumental in the establishment, but not in the maintenance, of a cellular endocrine phenotype. Finally, hASH1 expression correlated with a significantly shortened survival in small-cell carcinoma patients (P=0.041).
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoid Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoid Tumor/mortality
- Carcinoid Tumor/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/mortality
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Survival Analysis
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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46
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Abstract
Evidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is found in approximately 2.7% of patients with pituitary adenomas. The multicentricity of pituitary adenomas has not yet been proved. Prolactinomas are most frequent in MEN1 pituitary tumors. Pituitary tumors with MEN1 are larger in size and more aggressive than without MEN1. Heterozygous germline mutations of MEN1 gene are responsible for MEN1 disorders. Various types of mutations likely causing loss of the gene function have been identified throughout the entire region in patients with MEN1 and related disorders. However, the function of menin, the product of MEN1 gene, remains to be established. Neither mutation hot spot nor phenotype-genotype correlation has been established in classical MEN1. A number of recent studies suggest that somatic mutations in the MEN1 gene do not play prominent role in the pathogenesis of sporadic forms of pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kameya
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Sunta-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
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47
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Hisaoka M, Okamoto S, Koyama S, Ishida T, Imamura T, Kanda H, Kameya T, Meis-Kindblom JM, Kindblom LG, Hashimoto H. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and class III beta-tubulin are expressed in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Mod Pathol 2003; 16:453-9. [PMID: 12748252 DOI: 10.1097/01.mp.0000067422.61241.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of uncertain histogenetic origin. Because recent reports have indicated neural-neuroendocrine differentiation in some extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, we investigated 25 tumors for expressions of microtubule-associated protein-2 and Class III beta-tubulin, which are major components of microtubules and specifically localized in neurons and their derivatives. Immunohistochemical expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 and Class III beta-tubulin was studied in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Cytoplasmic expressions of microtubule-associated protein-2 and Class III beta-tubulin were detected in 21 (84%) and 13 (52%) of the 25 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, respectively, although the number of positively stained tumor cells varied. Expression of the Class III beta-tubulin gene was also assessed in two immunohistochemically positive cases by in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe specific for its transcript, and both cases showed expression of Class III beta-tubulin transcript. Another case was examined with immunoelectron microscopy, and immunogold particles for Class III beta-tubulin were localized to microtubular aggregates. Our data indicate that microtubules in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma are similar to those found in neurons, further supporting the concept that neural-neuroendocrine differentiation occurs in a significant number of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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48
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Park JH, Ishikawa Y, Yoshida R, Kanno A, Kameya T. Expression of AODEF, a B-functional MADS-box gene, in stamens and inner tepals of the dioecious species Asparagus officinalis L. Plant Mol Biol 2003; 51:867-875. [PMID: 12777047 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023097202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious species with male and female flowers on separate unisexual individuals. Since B- and C-functional MADS-box genes specify male and female reproductive organs, it is important to characterize these genes to clarify the mechanism of sex determination in monoecious and dioecious species. In this study, we isolated and characterized AODEF gene, a B-functional gene in the development of male and female flowers of A. officinalis. Southern hybridization identified a single copy of AODEF gene in asparagus genome. Northern blot analysis showed that this gene was specifically expressed in flower buds and not in vegetative tissues. In situ hybridization showed that during early hermaphrodite stages, AODEF gene was expressed in the inner tepal and stamen whorls (whorls 2 and 3, respectively), but not in the outer tepals (whorl 1), in both male and female flowers. In late unisexual developmental stages, the expression of AODEF gene was still detected in the inner tepals and stamens of male flowers, but the expression was reduced in whorls 2 and 3 of female flowers. Our results suggest that AODEF gene is probably not involved in tepal development in asparagus and that the expression of AODEF gene is probably controlled directly or indirectly by sex determination gene in the late developmental stages.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Asparagus Plant/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Flowers/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- In Situ Hybridization
- MADS Domain Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Dobashi Y, Jiang SX, Shoji M, Morinaga S, Kameya T. Diversity in expression and prognostic significance of G1/S cyclins in human primary lung carcinomas. J Pathol 2003; 199:208-20. [PMID: 12533834 DOI: 10.1002/path.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cyclin A, cyclin E and cdk2 was examined immunohistochemically in 144 cases of primary non-small cell lung carcinoma to evaluate their prognostic value. Cyclin A was co-expressed with cdk2 in the proliferating cells, ie those showing positive Ki-67 staining. The labelling index (LI) of cyclin A revealed a positive correlation with the S-phase fraction and an inverse correlation with histological differentiation. Furthermore, high cyclin A LIs indicated a poor prognosis in all histological types. Cyclin E exhibited a characteristic staining pattern: in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), differentiated cells without Ki-67 staining revealed cyclin E positivity with expression of cdk2. Conversely, in adenocarcinoma (AC), proliferating cells revealed cyclin E positivity. Cases of large cell carcinoma showed heterogeneous cyclin E staining patterns, unlike those of SCC or AC. Statistical analyses also revealed a marked contrast between SCC and AC. In AC, the LI of cyclin E was inversely correlated with histological differentiation and a high LI predicted a worse prognosis. In contrast, in SCC, the LI of cyclin E correlated positively with histological differentiation and better prognosis. However, the expression levels of cyclin E mRNA evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR were higher in poorly differentiated SCC and AC, suggesting that protein turnover plays a large role in determining cyclin E protein levels. Although the expression of cyclins was demonstrated to be diversely regulated depending on the histological type, the combined immunohistochemical analyses performed in this study on these proteins could be useful tools for evaluating patient prognosis in lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Inoue H, Sato Y, Tsuchiya B, Nagai H, Takahashi H, Kameya T. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA 1 in Japanese nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Acta Otolaryngol 2003:113-7. [PMID: 12212585 DOI: 10.1080/000164802760057725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An examination was made of the incidence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome and its exact localization in 39 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Japanese patients by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) with a digoxigenin-labeled Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA 1 (EBER1) oligonucleotide probe. Hybridization signals were observed in the nucleus of tumor cells in all 39 NPCs, including keratinizing carcinomas. The signals varied greatly in intensity from case to case and even from cell to cell in the same tumor, but were recognized in most tumor cells in each case. Signals could occasionally be seen in limiting number of infiltrating small lymphocytes but were absent in all tumors of the tongue, midpharynx and hypopharynx. Combined immunohistochemistry-ISH studies indicated that EBER1 signals were restricted to tumor cells positive for cytokeratin. As a result of this study, it is now possible to perform large-scale retrospective analyses using routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and to combine ISH for the EBV genome with immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin to determine the epithelial features of EBV genome-possessing cells. All NPCs were clearly shown to be EBV-infected, thus indicating that EBV is essential for the oncogenesis of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Inoue
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Research, National Sagamihara Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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