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Barmpas P, Tasoulis S, Vrahatis AG, Georgakopoulos SV, Anagnostou P, Prina M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Bickenbach J, Bayes I, Bobak M, Caballero FF, Chatterji S, Egea-Cortés L, García-Esquinas E, Leonardi M, Koskinen S, Koupil I, Paja̧k A, Prince M, Sanderson W, Scherbov S, Tamosiunas A, Galas A, Haro JM, Sanchez-Niubo A, Plagianakos VP, Panagiotakos D. A divisive hierarchical clustering methodology for enhancing the ensemble prediction power in large scale population studies: the ATHLOS project. Health Inf Sci Syst 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35529251 PMCID: PMC9013733 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-022-00171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATHLOS cohort is composed of several harmonized datasets of international groups related to health and aging. As a result, the Healthy Aging index has been constructed based on a selection of variables from 16 individual studies. In this paper, we consider additional variables found in ATHLOS and investigate their utilization for predicting the Healthy Aging index. For this purpose, motivated by the volume and diversity of the dataset, we focus our attention upon data clustering, where unsupervised learning is utilized to enhance prediction power. Thus we show the predictive utility of exploiting hidden data structures. In addition, we demonstrate that imposed computation bottlenecks can be surpassed when using appropriate hierarchical clustering, within a clustering for ensemble classification scheme, while retaining prediction benefits. We propose a complete methodology that is evaluated against baseline methods and the original concept. The results are very encouraging suggesting further developments in this direction along with applications in tasks with similar characteristics. A straightforward open source implementation for the R project is also provided (https://github.com/Petros-Barmpas/HCEP). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-022-00171-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Barmpas
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tasoulis
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Aristidis G. Vrahatis
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Anagnostou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Matthew Prina
- Social Epidemiology Research Group. Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Global Health Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome Bickenbach
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute (GZI), Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences & Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Ivet Bayes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laia Egea-Cortés
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Koupil
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Paja̧k
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagienllonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Prince
- Global Health Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Global Mental Health. Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Warren Sanderson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Sergei Scherbov
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Austria
- Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna Institute of Demography, Vienna, Austria
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Aleksander Galas
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Vassilis P. Plagianakos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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2
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Scherbov S, Gietel-Basten S, Ediev D, Shulgin S, Sanderson W. COVID-19 and excess mortality in Russia: Regional estimates of life expectancy losses in 2020 and excess deaths in 2021. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275967. [PMID: 36322565 PMCID: PMC9629588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately counting the human cost of the COVID-19 at both the national and regional level is a policy priority. The Russian Federation currently reports one of the higher COVID-19 mortality rates in the world; but estimates of mortality differ significantly. Using a statistical method accounting for changes in the population age structure, we present the first national and regional estimates of excess mortality for 2021; calculations of excess mortality by age, gender, and urban/rural status for 2020; and mean remaining years of life expectancy lost at the regional level. We estimate that there were 351,158 excess deaths in 2020 and 678,022 in 2021 in the Russian Federation; and, in 2020, around 2.0 years of life expectancy lost. While the Russian Federation exhibits very high levels of excess mortality compared to other countries, there is a wide degree of regional variation: in 2021, excess deaths expressed as a percentage of expected deaths at the regional level range from 27% to 52%. Life expectancy loss is generally greater for males; while excess mortality is greater in urban areas. For Russia as whole, an average person who died due to the pandemic in 2020 would have otherwise lived for a further 14 more years (and as high as 18 years in some regions), disproving the widely held view that excess mortality during the pandemic period was concentrated among those with few years of life remaining-especially for females. At a regional level, less densely populated, more remote regions, rural regions appear to have fared better regarding excess mortality and life expectancy loss-however, a part of this differential could be owing to measurement issues. The calculations demonstrate more clearly the true degree of the human cost of the pandemic in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Scherbov
- Population and Just Societies Program, International Institute of Applied Systems and Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Stuart Gietel-Basten
- Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Humanities and Social Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
| | - Dalkhat Ediev
- Population and Just Societies Program, International Institute of Applied Systems and Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- North-Caucasian State Academy, Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, Cherkessk, Russia
| | - Sergey Shulgin
- International Laboratory of Demography and Human Capital, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
| | - Warren Sanderson
- Population and Just Societies Program, International Institute of Applied Systems and Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
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Sanchez-Niubo A, Forero CG, Wu YT, Giné-Vázquez I, Prina M, De La Fuente J, Daskalopoulou C, Critselis E, De La Torre-Luque A, Panagiotakos D, Arndt H, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Bayes-Marin I, Bickenbach J, Bobak M, Caballero FF, Chatterji S, Egea-Cortés L, García-Esquinas E, Leonardi M, Koskinen S, Koupil I, Mellor-Marsá B, Olaya B, Pająk A, Prince M, Raggi A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Sanderson W, Scherbov S, Tamosiunas A, Tobias-Adamczyk B, Tyrovolas S, Haro JM. Development of a common scale for measuring healthy ageing across the world: results from the ATHLOS consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:880-892. [PMID: 33274372 PMCID: PMC8271194 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research efforts to measure the concept of healthy ageing have been diverse and limited to specific populations. This diversity limits the potential to compare healthy ageing across countries and/or populations. In this study, we developed a novel measurement scale of healthy ageing using worldwide cohorts. METHODS In the Ageing Trajectories of Health-Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project, data from 16 international cohorts were harmonized. Using ATHLOS data, an item response theory (IRT) model was used to develop a scale with 41 items related to health and functioning. Measurement heterogeneity due to intra-dataset specificities was detected, applying differential item functioning via a logistic regression framework. The model accounted for specificities in model parameters by introducing cohort-specific parameters that rescaled scores to the main scale, using an equating procedure. Final scores were estimated for all individuals and converted to T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. RESULTS A common scale was created for 343 915 individuals above 18 years of age from 16 studies. The scale showed solid evidence of concurrent validity regarding various sociodemographic, life and health factors, and convergent validity with healthy life expectancy (r = 0.81) and gross domestic product (r = 0.58). Survival curves showed that the scale could also be predictive of mortality. CONCLUSIONS The ATHLOS scale, due to its reliability and global representativeness, has the potential to contribute to worldwide research on healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Department of Medicine, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yu-Tzu Wu
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Iago Giné-Vázquez
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew Prina
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Javier De La Fuente
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina Daskalopoulou
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Critselis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alejandro De La Torre-Luque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivet Bayes-Marin
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome Bickenbach
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Institute (GZI), Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences & Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laia Egea-Cortés
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Koupil
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Blanca Mellor-Marsá
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Sanitary Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Prince
- Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Warren Sanderson
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.,Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sergei Scherbov
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.,Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna Institute of Demography, Vienna, Austria.,International Laboratory of Demography and Human Capital, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Department of Population Studies Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Beata Tobias-Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Sociology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Epidemiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Tyrovolas S, Panaretos D, Daskalopoulou C, Gine-Vazquez I, Niubo AS, Olaya B, Bobak M, Prince M, Prina M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Caballero FF, Garcia-Esquinas E, Holger A, Scherbov S, Sanderson W, Gheno I, Koupil I, Bickenbach J, Chatterji S, Koskinen S, Raggi A, Pajak A, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Haro JM, Panagiotakos D. Alcohol Drinking and Health in Ageing: A Global Scale Analysis of Older Individual Data through the Harmonised Dataset of ATHLOS. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1746. [PMID: 32545243 PMCID: PMC7353331 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relation between alcohol drinking and healthy ageing by means of a validated health status metric, using individual data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project. For the purposes of this study, the ATHLOS harmonised dataset, which includes information from individuals aged 65+ in 38 countries, was analysed (n = 135,440). Alcohol drinking was reflected by means of three harmonised variables: alcohol drinking frequency, current and past alcohol drinker. A set of 41 self-reported health items and measured tests were used to generate a specific health metric. In the harmonised dataset, the prevalence of current drinking was 47.5% while of past drinking was 26.5%. In the pooled sample, current alcohol drinking was positively associated with better health status among older adults ((b-coef (95% CI): 1.32(0.45 to 2.19)) and past alcohol drinking was inversely related (b-coef (95% CI): -0.83 (-1.51 to -0.16)) with health status. Often alcohol consumption appeared to be beneficial only for females in all super-regions except Africa, both age group categories (65-80 years old and 80+), both age group categories, as well as among all the financial status categories (all p < 0.05). Regional analysis pictured diverse patterns in the association for current and past alcohol drinkers. Our results report the need for specific alcohol intake recommendations among older adults that will help them maintain a better health status throughout the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (A.S.N.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Attica, 176 61 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dimitris Panaretos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Attica, 176 61 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Christina Daskalopoulou
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (C.D.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Iago Gine-Vazquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (A.S.N.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Albert Sanchez Niubo
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (A.S.N.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (A.S.N.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Martin Bobak
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
| | - Martin Prince
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (C.D.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthew Prina
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (C.D.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Felix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.F.C.); (E.G.-E.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health-CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.F.C.); (E.G.-E.)
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health-CIBERESP, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arndt Holger
- SPRING TECHNO GMBH & Co. KG, 28199 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Sergei Scherbov
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; (S.S.); (W.S.)
- Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Science, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- International Laboratory for Demography and Human Capital, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Warren Sanderson
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; (S.S.); (W.S.)
- Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Ilona Koupil
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerome Bickenbach
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland;
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Sociology, Department of Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (A.S.N.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Attica, 176 61 Athens, Greece; (D.P.); (D.P.)
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5
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Prina M, Panagiotakos D, Prince M, Bobak M, Sanderson W, Scherbov S, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Haro JM. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ATHLOS PROJECT: AGEING TRAJECTORIES OF HEALTH: LONGITUDINAL OPPORTUNITIES AND SYNERGIES. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845877 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATHLOS is a 5-year project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program. Its aim is to achieve a better understanding of healthy ageing, utilising longitudinal data from existing cohort studies. The measure of healthy ageing used within ATHLOS is based on the definition used by the World Health Organization as the ongoing process of developing and maintaining functional ability to enable well-being in older age. The first step of the project was to harmonise 17 community based cohort studies of ageing, covering 38 countries over the world and over 411,000 individuals. In this talk we will discuss the work of the different work packages of the project, including a description of the existing evidence on risk factors of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Prince
- Global Health Institute, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Sanderson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Niederosterreich, Austria
| | - Serguei Scherbov
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Niederosterreich, Austria
| | - Jose L Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sanchez-Niubo A, Egea-Cortés L, Olaya B, Caballero FF, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Prina M, Bobak M, Arndt H, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Pająk A, Leonardi M, Koupil I, Panagiotakos D, Tamosiunas A, Scherbov S, Sanderson W, Koskinen S, Chatterji S, Haro JM. Cohort Profile: The Ageing Trajectories of Health - Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1052-1053i. [PMID: 31329885 PMCID: PMC6693815 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Egea-Cortés
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew Prina
- Social Epidemiology Research Group. Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Sociology, Department of Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagienllonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Ilona Koupil
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sergei Scherbov
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Austria
- Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna Institute of Demography, Vienna, Austria
- Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Warren Sanderson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Olaya B, Bobak M, Prince M, Ayuso-Mateos J, Scherbov S, Sanderson W, Chatterji S, Haro J. OVERVIEW OF THE ATHLOS PROJECT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Olaya
- Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,
| | - M. Bobak
- University College London, London, United Kingdom,
| | - M. Prince
- King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,
| | - J. Ayuso-Mateos
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,
| | - S. Scherbov
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria,
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,
| | - W. Sanderson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria,
- Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | | | - J. Haro
- Research, Teaching and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Sanderson
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria,
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital(IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna, Austria,
| | - S. Scherbov
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria,
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital(IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna, Austria,
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lutz
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - William Butz
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Samir K C
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Warren Sanderson
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Sergei Scherbov
- World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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Abstract
The effect of changes in age structure on economic growth has been widely studied in the demography and population economics literature. The beneficial effect of changes in age structure after a decrease in fertility has become known as the "demographic dividend." In this article, we reassess the empirical evidence on the associations among economic growth, changes in age structure, labor force participation, and educational attainment. Using a global panel of countries, we find that after the effect of human capital dynamics is controlled for, no evidence exists that changes in age structure affect labor productivity. Our results imply that improvements in educational attainment are the key to explaining productivity and income growth and that a substantial portion of the demographic dividend is an education dividend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Crespo Cuaresma
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Austria,
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Abstract
Over the past decade, India has experienced rapid economic growth along with increases in levels of air pollution. Our goal is to examine how alternative policies for air pollution abatement affect well-being there. In particular, we estimate the effects of policies to reduce the levels of ambient fine particulates (PM2.5), which are especially harmful to human health, on well-being, quantified using the United Nations' human development index (HDI). Two of the three dimensions of this index are based on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and life expectancy. Our approach allows reductions in PM2.5 to affect both of them. In particular, economic growth is affected negatively through the costs of the additional pollution control measures and positively through the increased productivity of the population. We consider three scenarios of PM2.5 abatement, corresponding to no further control, current Indian legislation, and current European legislation. The overall effect in both control scenarios is that growth in GDP is virtually unaffected relative to the case of no further controls, life expectancy is higher, and well-being, as measured by the HDI, is improved. In India, air pollution abatement investments clearly improve well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Sanderson
- Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lutz
- Vienna Institute of Demography (Austrian Academy of Sciences), A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
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Curwin B, Misty H, Sanderson W, Striley C, Heederik D, Kromhout H, Reynolds S, Alavanja M. Pesticide Dose Estimates for Children of Iowa Farmers and Non-Farmers. Epidemiology 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Residents of Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating differences in pesticide contamination and exposure factors between 25 farm homes and 25 non-farm homes. The target pesticides investigated were atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and chlorpyrifos; all were applied to either corn or soybean crops. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine residential pesticide use in and around the home. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to determine the agricultural pesticides they used on the farm and their application practices. Non-agricultural pesticides were used more in and around farm homes than non-farm homes. Atrazine was the agricultural pesticide used most by farmers. Most farmers applied pesticides themselves but only 10 (59%) used tractors with enclosed cabs, and they typically wore little personal protective equipment (PPE). On almost every farm, more than one agricultural pesticide was applied. Corn was grown by 23 (92%) farmers and soybeans by 12 (48%) farmers. Of these, 10 (40%) grew both soybeans and corn, with only 2 (8%) growing only soybeans and 13 (52%) growing only corn. The majority of farmers changed from their work clothes and shoes in the home, and when they changed outside or in the garage, they usually brought their clothes and shoes inside. Applying pesticides using tractors with open cabs, not wearing PPE, and changing from work clothes in the home may increase pesticide exposure and contamination. Almost half of the 66 farm children less than 16 years of age were engaged in some form of farm chores, with 6 (9%) potentially directly exposed to pesticides, while only 2 (4%) of the 52 non-farm children less than 16 years of age had farm chores, and none were directly exposed to pesticides. Farm homes may be contaminated with pesticides in several ways, resulting in potentially more contamination than non-farm homes, and farm children may be directly exposed to pesticides through farm chores involving pesticides. In addition to providing a description of pesticide use, the data presented here will be useful in evaluating potential contributing factors to household pesticide contamination and family exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Curwin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Abstract
There has been enormous concern about the consequences of human population growth for the environment and for social and economic development. But this growth is likely to come to an end in the foreseeable future. Improving on earlier methods of probabilistic forecasting, here we show that there is around an 85 per cent chance that the world's population will stop growing before the end of the century. There is a 60 per cent probability that the world's population will not exceed 10 billion people before 2100, and around a 15 per cent probability that the world's population at the end of the century will be lower than it is today. For different regions, the date and size of the peak population will vary considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lutz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
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Abstract
Silica exposure has been associated with kidney disease and rheumatoid arthritis; an autoimmune mechanism has been proposed. Approximately 2 million people are occupationally exposed to silica in the United States, 100,000 at more than twice the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m(3). We examined renal disease morbidity and mortality, as well as arthritis mortality, in a cohort of 4,626 silica-exposed workers in the industrial sand industry (an industry previously unstudied). We compared the cohort with the U.S. population and also conducted internal exposure-response analyses using a job-exposure matrix based on more than 4,000 industrial hygiene samples. We found excess mortality from acute renal disease [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.61, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) = 1.49--4.24; 16 deaths], chronic renal disease (SMR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.13--2.22; 36 deaths), and arthritis (SMR = 4.36, 95% CI = 2.76--6.54; 23 deaths) on the basis of multiple-cause mortality data, which considered any mention of disease on a death certificate. Linking the cohort with the U.S. registry of end-stage renal disease for the years 1977-1996, we found an excess of end-stage renal disease incidence (standardized incidence ratio = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.25--2.96; 23 cases), which was highest for glomerulonephritis (standardized incidence ratio = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.55--7.93; 7 cases). We found increasing end-stage renal disease incidence with increasing cumulative exposure; standardized rate ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure were 1.00, 3.09, 5.22, and 7.79. A positive exposure-response trend was also observed for rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of death certificate data. These data represent the largest number of kidney disease cases analyzed to date in a cohort with well-defined silica exposure and suggest a causal link between silica and kidney disease. Excess risk of end-stage renal disease due to a lifetime of occupational exposure at currently recommended limits is estimated to be 14%, above a background end-stage renal disease risk of 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steenland
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
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Abstract
In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that crystalline silica was a human carcinogen but noted inconsistencies in the epidemiology. There are few exposure-response analyses. The authors examined lung cancer mortality among 4,626 industrial sand workers, estimating exposure via a job-exposure matrix based on 4,269 industrial hygiene samples collected in 1974--1995. The average length of employment was 9 years, and estimated average exposure was 0.05 mg/m(3) (the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit). Results confirmed excess mortality from silicosis/pneumoconioses (standardized mortality ratio = 18.2, 95% confidence interval: 10.6, 29.1; 17 deaths). The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.93; 109 deaths). Limited data suggested that smoking might account for 10--20% of the lung cancer excess. Exposure-response analyses by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) yielded standardized rate ratios of 1.00, 0.78, 1.51, and 1.57 (p for trend = 0.07). Nested case-control analyses after exclusion of short-term workers, who had high overall morality, yielded odds ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) of 1.00, 1.35, 1.63, and 2.00 (p for trend = 0.08) and odds ratios by quartile of average exposure of 1.00, 0.92, 1.44, and 2.26 (p = 0.005). These data lend support to the labeling by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of silica as a human carcinogen. There are approximately 2 million US workers exposed to silica; 100,000 are exposed to more than 0.1 mg/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steenland
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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Tan-Wilhelm D, Witte K, Liu WY, Newman LS, Janssen A, Ellison C, Yancey A, Sanderson W, Henneberger PK. Impact of a worker notification program: assessment of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Am J Ind Med 2000; 37:205-13. [PMID: 10615101 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(200002)37:2<205::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of worker notification programs are conducted each year to communicate occupational risks to workers. However, few attempts have been made to evaluate their effectiveness and few have described how communication theories are applied in developing notification messages. We developed and assessed the effectiveness of a worker notification program at a beryllium machining plant. METHODS We compared self-protective attitudinal and behavioral responses among workers in two plants: (1) an intervention plant that received beryllium risk notification and (2) a matched control plant that did not receive notification. RESULTS Workers receiving notification reported significantly stronger perceptions of threat and efficacy, more positive attitudes toward safety practices, and engaged in more protective behaviors than the workers at the control plant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of applying communication theories in the development of notification messages and the results suggest that mass presentations may be just as effective, if not more so, than one-on-one notifications. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:205-213, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tan-Wilhelm
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Thellend A, Battioni P, Sanderson W, Mansuy D. Oxidation of N-Heterocycles by H2O2 Catalyzed by a Mn-Porphyrin: An Easy Access to N-Oxides Under Mild Conditions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1997. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1997-1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
An academic department of psychiatry in New York City eliminated the need for behavioral managed care intermediaries by transforming itself from a fee-for-service system to a system able to engage in full-risk capitation contracts. The first step was to require health maintenance organizations to contract directly with the department. The department formed two legal entities, a behavioral management services organization for utilization management and a behavioral integrated provider association. The authors describe these entities and review the first year of operation, presenting data on enrollees, capitation rates, and service utilization for the first three contracts. The fundamental differences in the treatment model under managed care and under a fee-for-service system are highlighted. The authors conclude that by contracting directly with insurers on a full-risk capitation basis, departments of psychiatry will be better able to face the economic threats posed by the cost constraints inherent in managed care and maintain or re-establish their autonomy as care managers as well as high-quality care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wetzler
- Division of Psychology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Monteflore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Abstract
Most national and international agencies producing population projections avoid addressing explicitly the issue of uncertainty. Typically, they provide either a single projection or a set of low, medium and high variants, and only very rarely do they give these projections a probabilistic interpretation. Probabilistic population projections have been developed for specific industrialized countries, mostly the United States, and are based largely on time-series analysis. On a global level, time-series analysis is not applicable because there is a lack of appropriate data, and for conceptual reasons such as the structural discontinuity caused by the demographic transition. Here we report on a new probabilistic approach that makes use of expert opinion on trends in fertility, mortality and migration, and on the 90 per cent uncertainty range of those trends in different parts of the world. We have used simulation techniques to derive probability distributions of population sizes and age structures for 13 regions of the world up to the year 2100. Among other things, we find that there is a probability of two-thirds that the world's population will not double in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lutz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
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Gibbs JS, Sanderson W, Smith LD, Coats AJ, Poole-Wilson PA, Fox KM. Low frequency oscillations in pulmonary arterial pressure in chronic heart failure. Cardioscience 1993; 4:31-39. [PMID: 8471740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous, sustained low frequency oscillations of pulmonary arterial pressure were observed in 8 patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure during recordings of pulmonary arterial pressure of 8.6 to 48 hours duration. The oscillations (frequency range 0.015 to 0.035 Hz) had a distinct peak from and lower frequency range than respiration (0.2 to 0.6 Hz) and heart rate (0.8 to 1.9 Hz). They were present from 42% to 82% of the recording time with an amplitude varying from undetectable to a maximum range from 5.3 mm Hg to 19.7 mm Hg. When detectable, the mean amplitude of the low frequency oscillations of pulmonary arterial pressure ranged from 1.2 +/- 1.2(SD) mm Hg to 4.3 +/- 3.3 mm Hg. These oscillations are lower in frequency than the low frequency component usually described in recordings of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate in normal subjects, and are closer to the very low frequency rhythms described in severe chronic heart failure and Cheyne Stokes respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gibbs
- Royal Brompton National Heart and Lung Hospital, London, UK
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Sanderson W, Kullman G, Sastre J, Olenchock S, O'Campo A, Musgrave K, Green F. Outbreak of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among mushroom farm workers. Am J Ind Med 1992; 22:859-72. [PMID: 1463031 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700220608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Between April 1982 and August 1985, seven cases of mushroom worker's lung (MWL), a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, were diagnosed among workers at one mushroom farm in Florida. The cases suffered from episodic shortness of breath, cough, fever and chills, myalgia, malaise, and difficulty breathing. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive ventilatory impairment and reduced diffusing capacity; chest radiographs exhibited diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. The seven cases occurred among workers from different farm operations, suggesting that workers throughout the farm were exposed to the disease causing agent(s). Six of the affected workers left employment at the farm in order to remain free of symptoms. The other affected worker was able to continue working at the farm, but only by remaining in a maintenance shop which was physically separated from the rest of the farm facilities. An industrial hygiene survey demonstrated that farm workers from every work area were exposed to organic dust constituents suspected of causing MWL, but no specific antigens were identified as the cause of the cases. Of the remaining workers who participated in a cross-sectional respiratory morbidity survey at the farm, approximately 20% of the more heavily exposed workers reported occasionally experiencing symptoms consistent with MWL. Approximately 10% of the workers had below normal spirometry test results, but interpretation was hampered by the diverse racial makeup of the population and lack of an adequate comparison group. No abnormalities consistent with either acute or chronic MWL were seen on the chest radiographs. Serologic tests demonstrated that almost all workers had been exposed to antigens capable of causing MWL, but the results were not associated with health status. At the time of the cross-sectional survey, no workers were found to be suffering acute respiratory problems consistent with MWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sanderson
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV
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David P, Sanderson W. Cohort Parity Analysis and Fertility Transition Dynamics: Reconstructing Historical Trends in Fertility Control from a Single Census. Population Stud 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/759053717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sastre J, Sanderson W, O'Campo A, Ibanez MD, Kullman G, Lopez M, Lehrer SB, Salvaggio JE. 428 IGE and IGG antibody responses to spores of agaricus bisporus (AB) in mushroom workers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lopez M, Sastre J, Sanderson W, O'Campo A, Ibanez MD, Kullman G, Lehrer SB, Salvaggio JE. 429 Prevalence of precipitating antibodies and respiratory symptoms in mushroom workers growing agaricus bisporus (AB). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gertler P, Locay L, Sanderson W. [Fees charged to health services users. Analysis of their potential effects in Peru]. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1987; 103:635-55. [PMID: 2965881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sanderson W, Johnston BF. Bad News: Is It True? Science 1980; 210:1302-3. [PMID: 17817824 DOI: 10.1126/science.210.4476.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sanderson W, Rayner EBA. LAW AND TRADITION OF MEDICAL PRACTICE. West J Med 1927. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3447.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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