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Liu J, Xu YT, Kong JJ, Yu GS, Li GB, Wang JP, Zheng YW. [Risk factors for delayed gastric emptying after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single-center experience of 1 000 cases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:887-893. [PMID: 37653991 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20230319-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the causes and summarize the treatment experience for clinically relevant delayed gastric emptying(DGE) after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD). Methods: The clinical data of 1 000 patients who underwent LPD in the Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University between March 2017 and September 2022 was retrospectively collected. There were 640 males and 360 females,with an age of (60.1±11.4)years(range: 13 to 93 years),and 590 patients were older than 60 years. Depending on the severity of DGE,patients were divided into a clinically relevant DGE group and a 0/A grade DGE group. The comparison between the two groups was performed by the χ2 test,Fisher's exact probability method,t test or the rank sum test,and the effects of various treatment strategies for clinically relevant DGE were evaluated. Results: LPD was conducted successfully in all 1 000 patients,with a surgical time of (344.8±103.6)minutes(range:160 to 450 minutes) and intraoperative blood loss (M(IQR)) of 100 (150) ml(range:50 to 1 000 ml). A total of 74 patients(7.4%) developed clinically relevant DGE. Compared to those in the 0/A grade DGE group,patients in the clinically relevant DGE group had a higher preoperative body mass index of ((24.9±3.5)kg/m2 vs. (23.9±3.3)kg/m2,t=-2.419,P=0.016),more postoperative bile leakage(51.4%(38/74) vs. 10.8%(100/926)),pancreatic fistula(59.5%(44/74) vs. 22.9%(212/926)),abdominal infection(74.3%(55/74) vs.14.6%(135/926)),and abdominal bleeding(43.2%(32/74) vs. 11.3%(105/926))(all P<0.05). Among these patients,10 cases(13.5%) received enteral nutrition treatment,22 cases(29.7%) received parenteral nutrition treatment,and 42 cases(56.8%) received a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition treatment. The time for patients to return to a normal diet was 21(14)days (range: 8 to 85 days). Compared to those who received only enteral(23.5(27.0)days) or parenteral nutrition treatment(15.5(11.0)days),patients who received a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition treatment(25.5(31.0)days) had a longer time to return to a normal diet (Z=20.019,P<0.01). Among the 60 patients who developed secondary DGE,48 cases(80.0%) received ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage treatment,while 12 cases(20.0%) only received anti-infection treatment. The patients in the non-puncture drainage group had a longer time to return to a normal diet than those in the puncture drainage group (26.5(12.5)days vs. 20.0(11.0)days, Z=-2.369,P=0.018). Conclusions: Patients with clinically relevant DGE after LPD had a higher proportion of postoperative complications such as pancreatic fistula,biliary fistula and abdominal infection. A combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition treatment is needed for patients with a long-term course of DGE."Smooth" drainage and ani-infectious therapy could contribute to the recovery of DGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Y T Xu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - J J Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - G S Yu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - G B Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - J P Wang
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Y W Zheng
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
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Zheng YW, Zhang JY, Zhou HB, Guo YP, Ma QG, Ji C, Zhao LH. Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5389-5398. [PMID: 33142455 PMCID: PMC7647834 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a complete randomized design experiment was used to study the effect of dietary PQQ·Na2 (0 or 1 mg/kg) on broiler chickens with or without a challenge with LPS. A total of two hundred eighty-eight 1-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicate cages of 12 birds per cage. All experimental broilers were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of either Escherichia coli LPS or sterile saline at 16, 18, and 20 d of age. Results showed that injecting LPS significantly increased the concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in serum of birds on day 20 and day 21. Meanwhile, LPS injection increased (P < 0.05) the relative mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the duodenal mucosa of broilers on day 21. However, dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of IL-6 in serum of birds on day 20 and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum of broiler chickens on day 21. Besides, supplementation of PQQ·Na2 within diet decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-10 in the duodenal mucosa of birds on day 20. Relative to saline injection, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver were found to be lower (P < 0.05) in broilers after LPS challenge on day 21. However, birds fed with PQQ·Na2 showed higher (P < 0.05) GSH-Px activity in serum and higher (P < 0.05) T-SOD activities in liver on day 21 and day 42. Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium also significantly attenuated the LPS-induced decreases in villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum of broilers. In conclusion, dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation significantly exerted protective effects on inflammation damage and oxidant stress of broilers under LPS challenge by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, T-SOD, and CAT). Moreover, dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation significantly ameliorated the LPS-impaired intestinal morphology in broilers. Therefore, it has been considered that PQQ·Na2 can be used as a potential feed additive in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - J Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - H B Zhou
- Dalian Chengsan Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dalian 116308, PR China
| | - Y P Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Q G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - C Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - L H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zheng YW, Zhao LH, Wei YM, Ma QG, Ji C, Zhang JY. Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:164-168. [PMID: 31899950 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1704685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cereal types (maize or wheat) and feed forms (pelleted or mash feed) on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices in laying hens.2. Three hundred and sixty hens (Jinghong No. 1) at 18 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates of 15 hens per replicate according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with two cereal types (maize or wheat) and two feed forms (pelleted or mash feed).3. Compared with the wheat-based diet, the maize-based diet improved (P < 0.05) average egg weight of laying hens. Yolk colour of hens fed with the maize-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) in comparison to those fed the wheat-based diet, while Haugh units were lower (P < 0.05) for the maize-based treatment. Egg mass and average daily feed intake of hens fed the pelleted diet were higher (P < 0.05) than of those fed the mash diet. However, the mash diet improved (P < 0.05) yolk colour compared with the pelleted diet. The percentage of dirty eggs for the wheat-based diet was higher (P < 0.05) than for the maize-based diet. The percentage of dirty eggs was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the pelleted diet compared with those fed the mash diet. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between cereal type and feed form, with regard to average egg weight and shell thickness.4. In conclusion, dietary cereal type affected average egg weight, yolk colour and Haugh units in eggs, while feed form influenced egg mass, average daily feed intake and yolk colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - L H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Y M Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Q G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - C Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - J Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Wang YL, Gao LL, Chen Y, Gui X, Yang WT, Shen XX, Zheng YW, Zhang H, Feng LQ, Wang LF, Ping B. [Diagnostic performance of intraoperative sentinel lymph node touch imprint cytology in 108 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma with various clinicopathologic characteristics]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2016; 45:472-473. [PMID: 27430693 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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5
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Du CW, Wen BG, Li DR, Lin YC, Zheng YW, Chen L, Chen JY, Lin W, Wu MY. Latent membrane protein-1 of Epstein - Barr virus increases sensitivity to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell. Exp Oncol 2005; 27:267-72. [PMID: 16404345 DOI: pmid/16404345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epstein - Barr virus (EBV)-encoded LMP1 is suggested to have an important role in the pathogenesis and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our previous study showed that As2O3 exhibited growth inhibition of NPC in animal model. Here, we further explore whether LMP1 is involved in As2O3 anticancer effects in NPC cell line. METHODS Both the stable expressing LMP1 cell line HNE1-LMP1 and its parental cell line HNE1 without LMP1 expression were used as in vitro models to assess arsenic trioxide effect. Both cell lines were treated with As2O3 for 72 h. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) was assessed by the MTT assay. Apoptosis was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and TUNEL staining. The alteration of telomere lengths was detected by Southern blotting. RESULTS IC50 for As2O3 in HNE1-LMP1 cells and HNE1 cells was 2.22 and 5.09 micromol/L, respectively. After exposure to 2 and 4 micromol/L As2O3 for 72 h, the apoptotic index in HNE1-LMP1 was 26.27 -/+ 1.3 and 49.13 -/+ 1.4%, respectively. On the contrary, in HNE1 cells the apoptotic index was 12.6 -/+ 0.9 and 33.20 -/+ 1.3%, respectively. As compared with parental cell line HNE1, HNE1-LMP1 cells were more sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis (p < 0.001). The elongation of telomere length was also found in HNE1-LMP1 cells. Meanwhile, longer telomeres in HNE1-LMP1 cells failed to maintain telomere stabilization, instead, it prone to be shortened when exposure to As2O3, as comparing with HNE1 cells. CONCLUSION LMP1 plays important role in enhancing NPC cell response to As2O3. The elongation of telomere length induced by LMP1 may contribute to the mechanisms of As2O3 sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Du
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
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Suzuki A, Zheng YW, Fukao K, Nakauchi H, Taniguchi H. Clonal expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells following flow cytometric cell sorting. Cell Transplant 2002; 10:393-6. [PMID: 11549060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatic stem cells are believed to exist and play a critical role in developing and regenerating liver, little is known about their cell surface specificity or differentiation capabilities. To make prospective studies of hepatic stem cells possible, we established an in vitro culture system for identification and characterization of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. By combining this culture system with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), a population of cells that were capable of forming large colonies and providing their descendants for relative longer period was isolated from fetal mouse livers. These data suggest that hepatic stem/progenitor cells with high proliferative potential are existent in the developing mouse liver, and that they are enriched by using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Suzuki A, Zheng YW, Kaneko S, Onodera M, Fukao K, Nakauchi H, Taniguchi H. Clonal identification and characterization of self-renewing pluripotent stem cells in the developing liver. J Cell Biol 2002; 156:173-84. [PMID: 11781341 PMCID: PMC2173576 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Using flow cytometry and single cell-based assays, we prospectively identified hepatic stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewing capability. These cells could be clonally propagated in culture where they continuously produced hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants while maintaining primitive stem cells. When cells that expanded in vitro were transplanted into recipient animals, they morphologically and functionally differentiated into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes with reconstitution of hepatocyte and bile duct structures. Furthermore, these cells differentiated into pancreatic ductal and acinar cells or intestinal epithelial cells when transplanted into pancreas or duodenal wall. These data indicate that self-renewing pluripotent stem cells persist in the developing mouse liver and that such cells can be induced to become cells of other organs of endodermal origin under appropriate microenvironment. Manipulation of hepatic stem cells may provide new insight into therapies for diseases of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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8
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Abstract
Platelets are critical in haemostasis and in arterial thrombosis, which causes heart attacks and other events triggered by abnormal clotting. The coagulation protease thrombin is a potent activator of platelets ex vivo. However, because thrombin also mediates fibrin deposition and because multiple agonists can trigger platelet activation, the relative importance of platelet activation by thrombin in haemostasis and thrombosis is unknown. Thrombin triggers cellular responses at least in part through protease-activated receptors (PARs). Mouse platelets express PAR3 and PAR4 (ref. 9). Here we show that platelets from PAR4-deficient mice failed to change shape, mobilize calcium, secrete ATP or aggregate in response to thrombin. This result demonstrates that PAR signalling is necessary for mouse platelet activation by thrombin and supports the model that mouse PAR3 (mPAR3) does not by itself mediate transmembrane signalling but instead acts as a cofactor for thrombin cleavage and activation of mPAR4 (ref. 10). Importantly, PAR4-deficient mice had markedly prolonged bleeding times and were protected in a model of arteriolar thrombosis. Thus platelet activation by thrombin is necessary for normal haemostasis and may be an important target in the treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sambrano
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0130, USA
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9
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Abstract
The coagulation protease thrombin triggers fibrin formation, platelet activation, and other cellular responses at sites of tissue injury. We report a role for PAR1, a protease-activated G protein-coupled receptor for thrombin, in embryonic development. Approximately half of Par1-/- mouse embryos died at midgestation with bleeding from multiple sites. PAR1 is expressed in endothelial cells, and a PAR1 transgene driven by an endothelial-specific promoter prevented death of Par1-/- embryos. Our results suggest that the coagulation cascade and PAR1 modulate endothelial cell function in developing blood vessels and that thrombin's actions on endothelial cells-rather than on platelets, mesenchymal cells, or fibrinogen-contribute to vascular development and hemostasis in the mouse embryo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Coagulation
- Blood Coagulation Factors/physiology
- Blood Vessels/embryology
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Crosses, Genetic
- Embryonic and Fetal Development
- Endocardium/embryology
- Endocardium/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/embryology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Factor V/genetics
- Factor V/physiology
- Female
- Fibrinogen/genetics
- Fibrinogen/physiology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Hemorrhage/embryology
- Hemostasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phenotype
- Prothrombin/genetics
- Prothrombin/physiology
- Receptor, PAR-1
- Receptors, Thrombin/deficiency
- Receptors, Thrombin/genetics
- Receptors, Thrombin/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombin/physiology
- Thromboplastin/genetics
- Thromboplastin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Suzuki A, Taniguchi H, Zheng YW, Takada Y, Fukunaga K, Seino K, Yazawa K, Otsuka M, Yoshiki A, Kusakabe M, Fukao K, Nakauchi H. Proliferative and functional ability of transplanted murine neonatal hepatocytes in adult livers. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2370-1. [PMID: 11120204 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Zheng YW, Taniguchi H, Suzuki A, Takada Y, Fukunaga K, Seino K, Yuzawa K, Otsuka M, Fukao K, Nakauchi H. Effects of combined growth factors on clonal growth and albumin secretion of murine fetal hepatocytes in low density culture. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2372-3. [PMID: 11120205 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Suzuki A, Taniguchi H, Zheng YW, Takada Y, Fukunaga K, Seino K, Yazawa K, Otsuka M, Fukao K, Nakauchi H. Clonal colony formation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells enhanced by embryonic fibroblast conditioning medium. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2328-30. [PMID: 11120186 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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14
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Zheng YW, Taniguchi H, Suzuki A, Takada Y, Fukunaga K, Seino K, Yuzawa K, Otsuka M, Fukao K, Nakauchi H. Effects of four extracellular matrices associated with growth factors on clonal culture and proliferation of murine fetal hepatocytes. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2498-9. [PMID: 11120265 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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15
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Taniguchi H, Kondo R, Suzuki A, Zheng YW, Takada Y, Fukunaga K, Seino K, Yuzawa K, Otsuka M, Fukao K, Nakauchi H. Clonogenic colony-forming ability of flow cytometrically isolated hepatic progenitor cells in the murine fetal liver. Cell Transplant 2000; 9:697-700. [PMID: 11144968 DOI: 10.1177/096368970000900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are defined as cells having multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal capability. Hepatic stem cells have aroused considerable interest not only because of their developmental importance but also for their therapeutic potential. However, their presence in the liver has not yet been demonstrated. With the use of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and monoclonal antibodies, we attempted to ascertain whether hepatic stem cells are present in the murine fetal liver. For this purpose, we optimized a cell isolation technique for FACS sorting of fetal liver cells. When isolated CD45 TER119 cells (the non-blood cell fraction in the fetal liver) were tested for their clonogenic colony-forming ability, mechanical dissociation (pipetting) was the most suitable cell isolation technique for FACS sorting. We confirmed that these colonies contained not only cells expressing hepatocyte markers but also cells expressing cholangiocyte markers. To identify hepatic stem cells, studies must focus on CD45TER119- cells in the murine fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clonical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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16
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Abstract
Identification of the mechanisms by which the coagulation protease thrombin activates platelets is critical for understanding haemostasis and thrombosis. Thrombin activates cells at least in part by cleaving protease-activated G-protein-coupled receptors (PARs). PAR3 and PAR4 are thrombin receptors expressed in mouse platelets. Inhibition of thrombin binding to mPAR3 (ref. 4) and knockout of the mPAR3 gene inhibited mouse platelet activation at low but not high concentrations of thrombin. Thus PAR3 is important for thrombin signalling in mouse platelets. Expression of human PAR3 in heterologous expression systems reliably resulted in responsiveness to thrombin. Curiously, despite its importance for the activation of mouse platelets by thrombin, mouse PAR3 (mPAR3) did not lead to thrombin signalling even when overexpressed. We now report that mPAR3 and mPAR4 interact in a novel way: mPAR3 does not itself mediate transmembrane signalling but instead functions as a cofactor for the cleavage and activation of mPAR4 by thrombin. This establishes a paradigm for cofactor-assisted PAR activation and for a G-protein-coupled receptor's acting as an accessory molecule to present ligand to another receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakanishi-Matsui
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Daiichi Research Center, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0130, USA
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17
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Cases S, Smith SJ, Zheng YW, Myers HM, Lear SR, Sande E, Novak S, Collins C, Welch CB, Lusis AJ, Erickson SK, Farese RV. Identification of a gene encoding an acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:13018-23. [PMID: 9789033 PMCID: PMC23692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.22.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols are quantitatively the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis, by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. DGAT plays a fundamental role in the metabolism of cellular diacylglycerol and is important in higher eukaryotes for physiologic processes involving triacylglycerol metabolism such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, and lactation. DGAT is an integral membrane protein that has never been purified to homogeneity, nor has its gene been cloned. We identified an expressed sequence tag clone that shared regions of similarity with acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, an enzyme that also uses fatty acyl CoA as a substrate. Expression of a mouse cDNA for this expressed sequence tag in insect cells resulted in high levels of DGAT activity in cell membranes. No other acyltransferase activity was detected when a variety of substrates, including cholesterol, were used as acyl acceptors. The gene was expressed in all tissues examined; during differentiation of NIH 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, its expression increased markedly in parallel with increases in DGAT activity. The identification of this cDNA encoding a DGAT will greatly facilitate studies of cellular glycerolipid metabolism and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cases
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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18
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Cases S, Novak S, Zheng YW, Myers HM, Lear SR, Sande E, Welch CB, Lusis AJ, Spencer TA, Krause BR, Erickson SK, Farese RV. ACAT-2, a second mammalian acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. Its cloning, expression, and characterization. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:26755-64. [PMID: 9756919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.41.26755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of cholesterol esters by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) is an important component of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Cholesterol ester formation also is hypothesized to be important in several physiologic processes, including intestinal cholesterol absorption, hepatic lipoprotein production, and macrophage foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions. Mouse tissue expression studies and the disruption of the mouse ACAT gene (Acact) have indicated that more than one ACAT exists in mammals and specifically that another enzyme is important in mouse liver and intestine. We now describe a second mammalian ACAT enzyme, designated ACAT-2, that is 44% identical to the first cloned mouse ACAT (henceforth designated ACAT-1). Infection of H5 insect cells with an ACAT-2 recombinant baculovirus resulted in expression of a approximately 46-kDa protein in cell membranes that was associated with high levels of cholesterol esterification activity. Both ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 also catalyzed the esterification of the 3beta-hydroxyl group of a variety of oxysterols. Cholesterol esterification activities for ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 exhibited different IC50 values when assayed in the presence of several ACAT-specific inhibitors, demonstrating that ACAT inhibitors can selectively target specific forms of ACAT. ACAT-2 was expressed primarily in mouse liver and small intestine, supporting the hypothesis that ACAT-2 contributes to cholesterol esterification in these tissues. The mouse ACAT-2 gene (Acact2) maps to chromosome 15 in a region containing a quantitative trait locus influencing plasma cholesterol levels. The identification and cloning of ACAT-2 will facilitate molecular approaches to understanding the role of ACAT enzymes in mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cases
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94141, USA
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19
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Abstract
Platelet-dependent arterial thrombosis triggers most heart attacks and strokes. Because the coagulation protease thrombin is the most potent activator of platelets, identification of the platelet receptors for thrombin is critical for understanding thrombosis and haemostasis. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is important for activation of human platelets by thrombin, but plays no apparent role in mouse platelet activation. PAR3 is a thrombin receptor that is expressed in mouse megakaryocytes. Here we report that thrombin responses in platelets from PAR3-deficient mice were markedly delayed and diminished but not absent. We have also identified PAR4, a new thrombin-activated receptor. PAR4 messenger RNA was detected in mouse megakaryocytes and a PAR4-activating peptide caused secretion and aggregation of PAR3-deficient mouse platelets. Thus PAR3 is necessary for normal thrombin responses in mouse platelets, but a second PAR4-mediated mechanism for thrombin signalling exists. Studies with PAR-activating peptides suggest that PAR4 also functions in human platelets, which implies that an analogous dual-receptor system also operates in humans. The identification of a two-receptor system for platelet activation by thrombin has important implications for the development of antithrombotic therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Female
- Gene Targeting
- Humans
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/metabolism
- Platelet Activation/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Thrombin/deficiency
- Receptors, Thrombin/genetics
- Receptors, Thrombin/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombin/physiology
- Xenopus
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kahn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0130, USA
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20
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Ishihara H, Connolly AJ, Zeng D, Kahn ML, Zheng YW, Timmons C, Tram T, Coughlin SR. Protease-activated receptor 3 is a second thrombin receptor in humans. Nature 1997; 386:502-6. [PMID: 9087410 DOI: 10.1038/386502a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin is a coagulation protease that activates platelets, leukocytes, endothelial and mesenchymal cells at sites of vascular injury, acting partly through an unusual proteolytically activated G-protein-coupled receptor. Knockout of the gene encoding this receptor provided definitive evidence for a second thrombin receptor in mouse platelets and for tissue-specific roles for different thrombin receptors. We now report the cloning and characterization of a new human thrombin receptor, designated protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR3). PAR3 can mediate thrombin-triggered phosphoinositide hydrolysis and is expressed in a variety of tissues, including human bone marrow and mouse megakaryocytes, making it a candidate for the sought-after second platelet thrombin receptor. PAR3 provides a new tool for understanding thrombin signalling and a possible target for therapeutics designed selectively to block thrombotic, inflammatory and proliferative responses to thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishihara
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0130, USA
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21
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Abstract
Southern blot analysis of mouse genomic DNA reveals two EcoRI fragments which faintly hybridize to mouse Adh-1 cDNA and are not part of the Adh-1 gene. These fragments were isolated from agarose gels, cloned, and characterized. Sequence analysis of the 2.1-kb EcoRI fragment suggests that it is likely a pseudogene since it does not contain a long open reading frame. However; the 2.0-kb EcoRI fragment contains a coding sequence with a long open reading frame which corresponds to exon 6 of the mouse Adh-1 gene. Comparison of the coding sequence with other known ADHs suggests that the sequence has diverged sufficiently from any currently known class of ADH to be a possible distinct class. Further confirmation awaits analysis of currently available genomic clones. Using these sequences as probe, restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified for each sequence between C57Bl/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains. The strain distribution pattern for these allelic differences was determined among the B x D recombinant inbred strains. This analysis revealed that the 2.1-kb EcoRI sequence is located on chromosome 3 but at a distance from the Adh-1/Adh-3 complex as previously reported. However, the new polymorphism identified in the 2.0-kb EcoRI fragment enabled this sequence to be mapped at the Adh-1/Adh-3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
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22
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Xie D, Narasimhan P, Zheng YW, Dewey MJ, Felder MR. Ten kilobases of 5'-flanking region confers proper regulation of the mouse alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (Adh-1) gene in kidney and adrenal of transgenic mice. Gene 1996; 181:173-8. [PMID: 8973327 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The expression profile of the mouse Adh-1 gene, which encodes class I alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH), is complex and includes tissue specificity and differential hormone responsiveness. Whereas kidney Adh-1 transcription rate is stimulated six- to sevenfold by testosterone treatment, adrenal gland ADH-1 mRNA is reduced to less than 5% of control level within 18 h following hormone administration. Androgen receptor is required for both responses since neither occurs in Tfm mutant mice lacking receptor. Hormonal and tissue-specific aspects of Adh-1 regulation were studied in transgenic mice harboring either of two constructs containing either -2.5 kb or -10 kb of 5'-flanking sequence attached to an Adh-1 minigene. The minigene transcript was expressed in kidney and adrenal tissues, but not liver, in five independent lines harboring a transgene with -2.5 kb of 5'-flanking sequence. Androgen treatment repressed the level of the minigene transcript in adrenal gland, but did not cause induction in kidney. In four lines of transgenic mice carrying the construct with -10 kb of 5'-flanking sequence, the minigene transcript was both repressed in adrenal and induced in kidney by testosterone. These lines have no detectable transgene expression in liver tissue. The -10 kb region in the mouse Adh-1 gene contains necessary controlling regions for proper tissue expression and hormonal regulation in kidney and adrenal; however, this region does not contain all essential elements necessary for expression in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA
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23
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Ishii K, Gerszten R, Zheng YW, Welsh JB, Turck CW, Coughlin SR. Determinants of thrombin receptor cleavage. Receptor domains involved, specificity, and role of the P3 aspartate. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:16435-40. [PMID: 7608215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.27.16435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin receptor cleavage at the Arg41- decreases -Ser42 peptide bond in the receptor's amino-terminal exodomain is necessary and sufficient for receptor activation. The rate of receptor cleavage at this site is a critical determinant of the magnitude of the cellular response to thrombin. These observations underscore the importance of defining the molecular basis for thrombin-receptor interaction and cleavage. We report that chimeric proteins bearing only thrombin receptor amino-terminal exodomain residues 36-60 are cleaved at rates similar to the wild-type thrombin receptor when expressed on the cell surface. A soluble amino-terminal exodomain protein was also cleaved efficiently by thrombin with a Km of 15-30 microM and k(cat) of approximately 50 s-1, with cleavage occurring only at the Arg41- decreases -Ser42 peptide bond. In the context of previous studies, these data suggest that the receptor's LDPR cleavage recognition sequence and DKYEPF hirudin-like domain account for thrombin-receptor interaction. Because a P3 aspartate in protein C's cleavage site inhibits cleavage by free thrombin, we investigated the role of the P3 aspartate in the receptor's LDPR sequence. Studies with mutant receptors revealed an inhibitory role for this residue only in the absence of the receptor's hirudin-like domain. These and other data suggest that the receptor's hirudin-like domain causes a conformational change in thombin's active center to accommodate the LDPR sequence and promote efficient receptor cleavage. Taken together, these studies imply that the thrombin receptor's amino-terminal exodomain contains all the machinery needed for efficient recognition and cleavage by thrombin. Thrombin appears to bind and cleave this domain independently of the rest of the receptor, with one thrombin molecule probably activating multiple receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishii
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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24
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Zheng YW, Riegler J, Wu J, Yen TS. Novel short transcripts of hepatitis B virus X gene derived from intragenic promoter. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:22593-8. [PMID: 8077209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus X gene encodes a transcriptional trans-activator that appears essential for viral replication in the infected liver. It has been shown by others that at least two X protein products, initiating at different in-frame ATG codons within the X open reading frame, are necessary for full trans-activating function. Yet, previous studies have demonstrated only a full-length X gene transcript that extends 5' of the first ATG codon in the X open reading frame. In this communication, we present evidence for the existence of shorter X gene transcripts, whose heterogeneous 5' ends straddle the second ATG codon of the X open reading frame. These transcripts are not degradation products of the full-length X gene transcripts but rather arise from an independent promoter. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and functional analyses reveal that active X proteins are translated from these transcripts. Therefore, there appears to be a previously undescribed promoter embedded within the X open reading frame that can give rise to functionally important transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143-0506
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25
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Zheng YW, Yen TS. Negative regulation of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication by oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:8857-62. [PMID: 8132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We present data demonstrating that hydrogen peroxide markedly decreases release of progeny hepatitis B virus particles in cultured cells. The presence of reduced glutathione prevents this effect. Hydrogen peroxide also decreases secretion of the hepatitis B virus surface and e antigens, with a concomitant decrease in the steady-state levels of the corresponding viral transcripts. This effect is specific to viral gene expression, since hydrogen peroxide at the concentration used does not have any significant effect on the overall pattern of host cell protein synthesis nor on the secretion of growth hormone from a co-transfected plasmid. Since hepatitis B virus can cause acute and chronic hepatitis and since inflammatory cells release significant amounts of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide, this phenomenon may be of pathophysiological importance in the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94121
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26
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Zheng YW, Bey M, Liu H, Felder MR. Molecular basis of the alcohol dehydrogenase-negative deer mouse. Evidence for deletion of the gene for class I enzyme and identification of a possible new enzyme class. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:24933-9. [PMID: 8227055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-negative deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) has been investigated. Several classes of mammalian ADHs have been recognized based upon biochemical and structural properties. ADH cDNA clones identified by hybridization to a mouse class I ADH cDNA clone were obtained from a deer mouse ADH-positive liver cDNA library. This cDNA has been identified as being a class I sequence and represents the deer mouse Adh-1 gene. An additional cDNA sequence identified in both the ADH-positive and -negative deer mouse cDNA libraries was identified by weak cross-hybridization to the mouse cDNA. This cDNA encodes an amino acid sequence representing a new class of mammalian ADH, and the deer mouse gene for this ADH is named Adh-2. ADH-negative deer mice do not produce mRNA, that is detected by the Adh-1 cDNA probe. However, both stocks of deer mice produce high levels of Adh-2 mRNA in liver. Southern analysis using an essentially full-length Adh-1 cDNA probe has shown that the Adh-1 gene is deleted in the ADH-negative mice. Biochemical analysis of enzyme activity suggests at least three ADH polypeptides are expressed in different tissues and have somewhat different substrate specificities, as in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208
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27
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Zheng YW, Bey M, Liu H, Felder MR. Molecular basis of the alcohol dehydrogenase-negative deer mouse. Evidence for deletion of the gene for class I enzyme and identification of a possible new enzyme class. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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Ceci JD, Zheng YW, Felder MR. Molecular analysis of mouse alcohol dehydrogenase: nucleotide sequence of the Adh-1 gene and genetic mapping of a related nucleotide sequence to chromosome 3. Gene X 1987; 59:171-82. [PMID: 2893758 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(87)90325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse has three genes (Adh) encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes of different tissue specificity and catalytic properties. Identified regulatory loci are known to affect the expression of Adh-1 and Adh-3, which are closely linked on chromosome 3. The Adh-1 gene product is expressed predominantly in liver, and its mRNA product is androgen-inducible in kidney. In this study, genomic clones of Adh-1 were obtained from a Balb/cJ DNA library. The nucleotide sequences of all exons, intron/exon boundaries and 5'- and 3'-flanking regions were obtained. The gene spans nearly 13 kb and is divided into nine exons and eight introns. The transcription start point of this gene was determined by S1 nuclease mapping studies and presumptive regulatory regions in the 5'-flanking regions were identified, including a TATA box and a glucocorticoid-responsive element. A restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Adh-1 gene was identified among inbred strains and mapped at the [Adh-1, Adh-3] complex on chromosome 3. An additional 'Adh-like' sequence in the genome was also mapped to chromosome 3 approx. 9 centiMorgans from Adh-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ceci
- Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208
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