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Shen YJ, Fu XL. [Analysis of treatment failure phenotype and prognostic factors of stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022; 44:219-227. [PMID: 35316871 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200605-00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most severe malignant tumors worldwide. Lobectomy and systematic nodal dissection remain the standard treatment for stageⅠNSCLC. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become the standard treatment for medically inoperable patients. Though the prognosis of stage Ⅰ NSCLC patients is generally good, there are still about 20% of patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis. There is significant heterogeneity in the prognosis and failure phenotype of patients, which cannot be precisely distinguished by the pathological TNM classification system. Identification of the risk factors for the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC is a key step to realize the treatment from experience to precision. Screening the high-risk patients will facilitate to individually develop the adjuvant therapy strategy after surgery or SBRT and improve the overall curative effect. There are many factors that are significantly related to the prognosis of stage Ⅰ NSCLC including individual factors such as gender, age, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers; treatment-related factors such as the extent of surgical resection of the primary tumor and lymph nodes, the choice of different radiation rays, and different dose fractionation; and tumor-related factors such as imaging information, pathology information; and molecular biology information. This review will analyze the treatment failure phenotype and prognostic factors of stageⅠ NSCLC in various perspectives such as individual-, tumor- and treatment-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - X L Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Gyurjian K, Chiu S, Hammershaimb B, Nadadur M, Phan P, Shen YJ, Lin B, Lee MS. The association between diabetes and mortality in young adults presenting with myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease continue to rise and collectively comprise two of the most prevalent and costly diseases worldwide. The goal of this study is to report the prognosis of young patients with diabetes presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods
This is a retrospective observational cohort study that included consecutive patients aged 18–45 years who underwent cardiac catheterization for AMI between 2006 and 2016 in an integrated healthcare system in Southern California. The prognosis of patients with diabetes were compared to those without diabetes.
Results
A total of 1,560 patients (average age 40.2±5.3 years, 25.6% female) presenting with AMI were included. Of these 272 (17.4%) had diabetes. Diabetics were older (41.1±4.4 vs 40.0±5.4 years), more likely to be female (32.4% vs 24.1%, p=0.006), Hispanic (51.5% vs 40.5%, p<0.001), have a higher body mass index (BMI) (33.6±7.1 vs 31.2±6.8kg/m2, p<0.001), have hypertension (HTN) (67.6% vs 23.8%, p<0.001), hyperlipidemia (HLD) (78.3% vs 24.1%, p<0.001), peripheral vascular disease (9.9% vs 1.9%, p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (23.2% vs 2.7%, p<0.001), hypothyroidism (7% vs 4%, p=0.034), and prior strokes (4.4% vs 2.2%, p=0.034).
On multivariate analysis accounting for other cardiovascular risk factors, the association remained significant (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.04–3.19, p=0.036). At a median follow-up of 5.8 years (interquartile range 3.7–8.7 years), diabetes was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality (Hazard ratio [HR] 3.10, 95% CI 1.68–5.69, p<0.001) when adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, HTN, HLD, CKD, hypothyroidism, prior stroke, and ACS etiology. In a propensity score matched cohort, diabetes remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 5.29, 95% CI 2.34–12.02, p<0.001).
Conclusion
Diabetes is an independent predictor of increased mortality in young adults <45 years old presenting with AMI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): KAISER PERMANENTE LOS ANGELES MEDICAL CENTER
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gyurjian
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - S Chiu
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - B Hammershaimb
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - M Nadadur
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - P Phan
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Y J Shen
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - B Lin
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - M S Lee
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
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Yu YY, Wang SY, Tu B, Shen YJ, Qiu Q, Luan JQ, Wang FS, Meng FP, Shi M. [Effects of programmed death receptor-1 antibody in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cancer]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2021; 29:659-665. [PMID: 34371536 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210705-00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of programmed death receptor (PD)-1 antibody therapy in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cancer. Methods: Data of 29 chronically infected HBV patients with liver cancer who received PD-1 antibody combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from March 2020 to January 2021 were selected. At the same time, all of the above-mentioned hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Patients clinical diagnostic data, laboratory test results, tumor response and the incidence of adverse reactions were collected retrospectively to understand the overall safety, therapeutic anti-tumor effect, HBV changes condition and the correlation between HBV changes and anti-tumor PD-1 antibody efficacy, high viral load treatment condition, and HBV reactivation safety issues. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric rank sum test. Results: Therapeutic anti-tumor effect and safety profile were good in patients. The complete remission rate was reached 27.6%. Adverse reactions were mostly mild, and the incidence of serious adverse reactions was low. After 12 weeks of follow-up, HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was quantitatively decreased (P < 0.05). HBV DNA and HBsAg were decreased more significantly in patients with progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD) and partial response (PR) (P < 0.05). Five patients with HBV DNA ≥ 10(4) IU/ml had responded well to the tumor treatment without serious adverse reactions. One patient had a slight increase in HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase, while there was no HBV reactivation and correlated liver damage. Conclusion: Patients with HBV-associated liver cancer who received combined therapy have good anti-tumor efficacy and safety profile. PD-1 treatment has a certain effect on HBV. Compared with non-responders, patients with tumor response have better antiviral treatment efficacy. The safety of treatment in patients with high viral load is manageable, and there are no safety issues related to HBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yu
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - B Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Y J Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Q Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Q Luan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - F S Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - F P Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Division 4 Ward, Beijing 100039, China
| | - M Shi
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China
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Xu J, Cao JP, Shen YJ. [Progress of researches on traveler's diarrhea caused by parasitic infections]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:110-119. [PMID: 34008356 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of global tourism, traveling gradually becomes an important part of daily lives, and travelers'health is paid more and more attention. Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is one of the most common diseases among international or trans-regional travelers, which causes great disease and economic burdens. Currently, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the correlation between parasites and TD. The review mainly summarizes intestinal protozoa and helminth infections among patients with TD, so as to provide insights into the development of the control measures for parasitic diseases associated with TD and the prevention of risk factors before the journey to and during the journey of the areas endemic for parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J P Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y J Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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Shen YJ, Zhu HH. [Current treatment of adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the TKI era]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021; 41:779-782. [PMID: 33113616 PMCID: PMC7595872 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Shen
- The Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - H H Zhu
- The Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Zheng MH, Ye CL, Li XC, Wang LJ, Shen YJ, Xu DL. [Screening and bioinformatic analysis of trehalase in Thelazia callipaeda]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:60-68. [PMID: 32185929 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the trehalase gene in Thelazia callipaeda through screening the annotated data of the T. callipaeda genome, and to investigate the biological characteristics of the trehalase gene-coding protein. METHODS The trehalase gene was screened from the T. callipaeda genome and subjected to validation by using a PCR assay. The structural features of the coding protein were analyzed with bioinformatics tools, including hydrophobicity, transmembrane region, signal peptides, conserved domains, as well as the secondary and tertiary structures and the antigen epitope. Homology analysis of the amino acid sequences was performed, and the phylogenetic tree was built by the MEGA X software. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network was deduced from the STRING database. RESULTS The sequence of the trehalase gene with the complete CDS region was obtained from T. callipaeda genome, which had a length of 1 638 bp and encoded 545 amino acids. The encoded protein was predicted to have a molecular weight of 63 478.48 ku and be a secretory protein. The 5' domain of the encoded protein contained a signal peptide without transmembrane regions, and was predicted to contain 7 antigen epitopes. Based on the protein-protein interaction network of nematodes in the STRING database, the protein-protein interaction network of the trehalase gene of T. callipaeda was deduced, and 27 interactions covering 10 genes were identified. CONCLUSIONS A trehalase gene is successfully identified in T. callipaeda genome and its coding protein receives a bioinformatics analysis, which provides insights into the research on the biological functions of the protein and the screening of vaccine candidates for thelaziasis callipaeda.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Zheng
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of Education Office of Guizhou Province, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - C L Ye
- Xinpu District Sub-bureau of Public Security, Zunyi Municipal Bureau of Public Security, Guizhou Province, China
| | - X C Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - L J Wang
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of Education Office of Guizhou Province, China
| | - Y J Shen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - D L Xu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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Zhang XF, Gong WC, Cao SK, Xu M, Cao JP, Shen YJ. [Dynamic changes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in livers of mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:622-627. [PMID: 32064806 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamics changes of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus and explore the possible biological significance. METHODS Thirty female BALB/c mice of 6 weeks old were randomly divided into the infection and control groups, of 15 mice in each group. Mice in the infection group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 000 E. granulosus protoscoleces, while those in the control group were injected with the same volume of physiological saline. Mouse liver white blood cells were harvested 3 (early stage), 6 (medium stage) and 12 months (late stage) post-infection, and the proportions of MDSCs, their subpopulations (M-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs) and Treg cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The proportions of MDSCs were (1.61 ± 0.36)%, (5.68 ± 0.69)% and (16.18 ± 0.69)% in mouse liver white blood cells in the infection group 3, 6 and 12 months post-infection with E. granulosus, and (2.19 ± 0.42)%, (0.99 ± 0.07) % and (4.18 ± 0.84)% in the control group, and there were significant differences in the proportion of the MDSCs in mouse liver white blood cells between the infection and control groups 6 and 12 months post-infection (P < 0.01). The proportions of M-MDSCs were (0.69 ± 0.27)%, (5.30 ± 0.72)% and (10.75 ± 0.29)% in mouse liver white blood cells in the infection group 3, 6 and 12 months post-infection, and (0.42 ± 0.24)%, (0.69 ± 0.02)% and (2.12 ± 0.13)% in the control group, and there were significant differences in the proportion of the M-MDSCs in the mouse liver white blood cells between the infection and control groups 6 and 12 months post-infection (P < 0.01). The proportions of PMN-MDSCs were (0.93 ± 0.23)%, (0.32 ± 0.02)% and (5.14 ± 1.03)% in mouse liver white blood cells in the infection group 3, 6 and 12 months post-infection, and (1.77 ± 0.26)%, (0.28 ± 0.05)% and (1.99 ± 0.90)% in the control group, and there were significant differences in the proportion of PMN-MDSCs in mouse liver white blood cells between the infection and control groups 3 and 12 months post-infection (P < 0.05). The proportions of Treg cells were (3.35 ± 0.14)%, (6.24 ± 0.38)% and (3.41 ± 0.07)% in mouse liver white blood cells in the infection group 3, 6 and 12 months post-infection, and (3.48 ± 0.46)%, (3.65 ± 0.45)% and (3.12 ± 0.12)% in the control group, and there were significant differences in the proportion of Treg cells in mouse liver white blood cells between the infection and control groups 6 and 12 months post-infection (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The percentages of both MDSCs and Treg cells increase in mouse liver white blood cells 6 and 12 months post-infection with E. granulosus, and a more remarkable increase is seen in the percentage of MDSCs, which is mainly found in M-MDSCs. These findings suggest that M-MDSCs may play a major immunosuppressive role in the medium and late stages of E. granulosus infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W C Gong
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - S K Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - M Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J P Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y J Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
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Xu PH, Shen YJ, Xiao WJ, Lin GW, Qin XJ, Zhu Y, Dai B, Ye DW. [Chemotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer: a short-term efficacy and safety analysis]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 57:418-421. [PMID: 31142065 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the short-term efficacy and adverse events of chemotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Methods: From March 2015 to August 2017, 55 patients with high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer were enrolled at Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center receiving chemotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy. The age was 65(8) years (M(Q(R))) (range: 46 to 79 years). Patients were enrolled in the study for continuous androgen-deprivation therapy (medical or surgical castration), combined with docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) intravenous injection on the first day, repeated every 21 days (6 cycles). Endpoints included overall survival, progression-free survival of prostate cancer, prostate specific antigen (PSA) response rate, and adverse events. Results: The follow-up time was 21.2(11.7) months. The PSA value before chemotherapy was 144.9(415.3) μg/L. The days in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy before chemotherapy was 14(23) days. Four patients (7.3%) presented 0 in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scoring system and 51 patients(92.7%) presented 1. Thirty-nine patients (70.9%) completed more than 6 cycles of combined chemotherapy, 17 patients (30.9%) showed PSA<0.2 μg/L at 6 months after treatment, and 14 patients (25.5%) showed PSA<0.2 μg/L at 12 months after treatment. Twenty-eight patients (50.9%) had grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and 1 patient (1.8%) developed infectious neutropenia and died. Nausea and vomit occurred in 16 patients (29.1%). Twelve patients (21.8%) underwent dose adjustment due to adverse events in blood system. Conclusions: The short-term effect was confirmed in high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer using chemotherapy combined androgen-deprivation therapy, and the long-term effect remains to be seen. Myelosuppression during chemotherapy requires close attention, and taking timely examination is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Sun W, Ding XY, Chen JL, Li WD, Wang XY, Guo XD, Shen YJ, Sun SS. [The combination of percutaneous iohexol-ethanol injection with radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of primary liver cancer in high-risk locations]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017; 39:695-700. [PMID: 28926900 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with percutaneous iohexol-ethanol injection (PIEI), compared with RFA plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with primary liver cancer(PLC)in high-risk locations. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2014, 54 patients with PLC in high-risk locations were enrolled. They were divided into Group A (RFA combined with PIEI) and Group B (RFA plus TACE). The efficacy and adverse events were assessed. Results: 54 patients had 74 lesions in high-risk locations. There were 26 cases with 40 lesions in Group A, and 28 cases with 34 lesions in Group B. The complete ablation rate of Group A was significantly higher than that of Group B (92.5% vs 70.6%, P=0.014). The two-year local tumor progressionrateand two-year overall survival rate were similar between these two groups (Group A 20.0% vs Group B 38.2%, P=0.083; 90.3% vs 84.3%, P=0.523). Furthermore, the surgery-related severe adverse events of Group A (7.1%, one case of liver abscess and one case ofhematobilia) were more common than that of Group B (0%, P=0.491). No significant differences were found in common adverse events including fever, pain, elevation of aminotransferase and bilirubin. Conclusions: Compared with RFA plus TACE, RFA plus PIEI resulted inbetter complete ablation rate in patients with primary liver cancer in high risk locations. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials are warranted for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - X Y Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - J L Chen
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - W D Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - X D Guo
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Y J Shen
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - S S Sun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
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Wu JJ, Chen J, Shen YJ. [Study of the effect of X-ray radiation of chest 64 slices spiral CT plain scan to male spermquality]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2016; 34:789-791. [PMID: 28043260 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Abstract
Spectroscopic characterization of a Ho:LuVO4 crystal grown by the Czochralski method has been performed, including the absorption and emission spectra. We demonstrate a 2 μm room temperature Ho:LuVO4 laser, resonantly pumped by a 1.94 μm Tm:YAP laser. By use of an output coupler with T=10% transmission, the Ho:LuVO4 laser generated continuous-wave output power of 2.5 W at 2074.18 nm, with a beam quality factor of Mx2=My2=1.3, for a total incident pump power of 19.4 W. The slope efficiency with respect to the pump power was 17.6%, and the optical-to-optical efficiency was 12.9%. Moreover, we obtained a Ho:LuVO4 laser that operated at 2073.77 and 2055.27 nm, by using different output couplers with transmissions of T=15 and 30%.
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Lu C, Bai XL, Shen YJ, Deng YF, Wang CY, Fan G, Chu JX, Zhao SM, Zhang BC, Zhao YR, Zhang CZ, Ye H, Lu ZM. Potential implication of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and HLA in onset of pulmonary tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:491-6. [PMID: 22862677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) play crucial role in maintaining immune homoeostasis and controlling immune responses. To investigate the influence of KIR and HLA-C ligands on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), we studied 200 patients who were confirmed to have PTB and 200 healthy controls on the different frequencies of KIR and HLA-C ligands. Genotyping of these genes was conducted by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method. Gene frequencies were compared between PTB group and the control group by χ(2) test, and P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. As a result, the frequency of KIR genotype A/B was increased in PTB than controls but A/A was decreased. Moreover, striking differences were observed in the frequencies of HLA-Cw*08 between the two groups. Besides, the frequencies of '2DL2/3 with C1' in PTB were increased compared with control group. In addition, individuals with no KIR2DS3 and no Cw*08 were higher in controls than in PTB. KIR2DS1 was increased in PTB when HLA-C group 2 alleles were missing. In conclusion, KIR and HLA-C gene polymorphisms were related to susceptibility to PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Expression of fibronectin messenger RNA in hypertrophic and normal dermal tissues and in vitro regulation by interferon alfa-2b. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 1:166-74. [PMID: 17163885 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1993.10306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
After severe thermal injury, hypertrophic scarring which is associated with accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin, frequently develops. We have recently demonstrated that interferon alfa-2b significantly reduces the level of type 1 procollagen messenger RNA expressed by both hypertrophic and normal dermal fibroblasts. In this report, we provide evidence that this cytokine also significantly decreases the expression of fibronectin messenger RNA in human hypertrophic scar and normal dermal fibroblasts. Four dermal fibroblast cell strains were established in cell culture from four human postburn hypertrophic scar tissues with the use of normal dermal fibroblasts from the same patients as controls. These cells were then treated with 2000 U/ml interferon alfa-2b in culture medium at various times. The results of Northern analysis of interferon-treated dermal fibroblasts indicate that this cytokine reduced the expression of fibronectin messenger RNA as early as 12 hours after treatment and reached its lowest level (24% relative to untreated fibroblasts) after 96 hours. When the expression of fibronectin messenger RNA was quantified by densitometry for each individual paired cell strain, a differential response to interferon treatment was found among cell strains. The level of fibronectin messenger RNA expression decreased from 17.2% to 69% in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and 47% to 83.7% in normal fibroblasts relative to that of untreated control values. Although this decrease was less pronounced in normal fibroblasts than in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, this reduction was significant in both interferon alfa-2b treated hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (6.39 +/- 0.71 versus 2.88 +/- 0.9, n = 4, p < 0.05) and normal cells compared with untreated controls (5.47 +/- 0.89 versus 3.64 +/- 0.99, n = 4, p < 0.05) as assessed with Student's paired t test. Rehybridization of the RNA blot prepared from interferon alfa-2b treated and untreated hypertrophic scar fibroblasts with a complementary DNA for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 2 gelatinase inhibitor showed no significant changes in abundance of this transcript. This result suggests that this cytokine selectively suppresses the expression of fibronectin messenger RNA and that this reduction is not due to RNA loading. A dot blot analysis of total RNA extracted from these tissues was carried out to compare the expression of fibronectin messenger RNA between human hypertrophic scar tissues and normal dermis obtained from the same patients. The blot was initially hybridized with fibronectin complementary DNA and subsequently with a complementary DNA for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 2 to correct for RNA loading. When the ratio of fibronectin to tissue inhibitor or metalloproteinase type 2 messenger RNA expression for each hypertrophic scar tissue was compared with its normal control, this ratio was fourfold higher in human hypertrophic scar tissues relative to normal controls. In contrast, the expression of this message in cultured hypertrophic scar fibroblasts was not significantly different from that in normal fibroblasts. The results of this study suggest that hypertrophic scarring developing after thermal injury is associated with an overexpression of fibronectin messenger RNA, and interferon alfa-2b may be of therapeutic value to down-regulate the expression of this transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Dai TY, Ju YL, Yao BQ, Shen YJ, Wang W, Wang YZ. Single-frequency, Q-switched Ho:YAG laser at room temperature injection-seeded by two F-P etalons-restricted Tm, Ho:YAG laser. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1850-1852. [PMID: 22660050 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a 1.91 μm pumped, injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:YAG laser operating at room temperature. By inserting two Fabry-Perot etalons into the laser cavity, single-frequency Tm, Ho:YAG seed lasing was achieved at a wavelength of 2090.9 nm, with a typical output power of 60 mW. Single-frequency, nearly transform-limited Q-switched operation of the Ho:YAG laser was achieved by injection seeding. The output energy of the single-frequency Q-switched pulse is 7.6 mJ, with a pulse width of 132 ns and a repetition rate of 100 Hz. We measured the pulse spectrum, half-width of which was 3.5 MHz, by a heterodyne technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Lefebvre O, Uzabiaga A, Shen YJ, Tan Z, Cheng YP, Liu W, Ng HY. Conception and optimization of a membrane electrode assembly microbial fuel cell (MEA-MFC) for treatment of domestic wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2011; 64:1527-1532. [PMID: 22179652 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for microbial fuel cells (MEA-MFC) was developed for continuous electricity production while treating domestic wastewater concurrently. It was optimized via three upgraded versions (noted α, β and γ) in terms of design (current collectors, hydrophilic separator nature) and operating conditions (hydraulic retention time, external resistance, aeration rate, recirculation). An overall rise of power by over 100% from version α to γ shows the importance of factors such as the choice of proper construction materials and prevention of short-circuits. A power of 2.5 mW was generated with a hydraulic retention time of 2.3 h when a Selemion proton exchange membrane was used as a hydrophilic separator in the MEA and 2.8 mW were attained with a reverse osmosis membrane. The MFC also showed a competitive value of internal resistance (≈40-50 Ω) as compared to the literature, especially considering its large volume (3 L). However, the operation of our system in a complete loop where the anolyte was allowed to trickle over the cathode (version γ) resulted in system failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lefebvre
- National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Zhang ZZ, Liang YH, Quan C, Gao M, Xiao FL, Yang S, Zhang XJ, Zhou FS, Li W, Fang QY, Shen YJ, Du WH, Mu YZ, Sui WC, Zhou L. Three novel ATP2C1 mutations in Chinese patients with Hailey-Hailey disease. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:831-3. [PMID: 18205868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at First Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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17
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Qin RA, Mei X, Wan L, Shi JL, Shen YJ. [Effects of the volatile oil of Centipeda minima on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of car]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2005; 30:1192-4. [PMID: 16201699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the anti-inflammation effect of volatile oil of Centipeda minima and the mechanism of action. METHOD The animal model was induced by the Car injection into intrapleural of rats, to observe the effect of VOCM on acute inflammation. RESULT VOCM was able to inhibit the increase of NO, CRP and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha in the acute inflammation of the rat body. CONCLUSION VOCM has a protective effect on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of Car.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-An Qin
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China.
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18
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Gao M, Yang S, Li M, Yan KL, Jiang YX, Cui Y, Xiao FL, Shen YJ, Chen JJ, Liu JB, Xu SJ, Huang W, Zhang XJ. Refined localization of a punctate palmoplantar keratoderma gene to a 5.06-cM region at 15q22.2-15q22.31. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:874-8. [PMID: 15888140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder characterized by numerous hyperkeratotic papules distributed on the palms and soles. Two loci for punctate PPK were recently found to be located on 8q24.13-8q24.21 and 15q22-15q24. However, no genes for this disease have been identified to date. Objectives To refine the previously mapped regions and to identify the disease gene locus in a four-generation Chinese family with punctate PPK. METHODS Genetic linkage analysis was carried out in this family using microsatellite markers on chromosomes 8q and 15q. Two-point linkage analysis was performed using Linkage programs version 5.10 and the haplotype was constructed using Cyrillic version 2.02 software. RESULTS We failed to confirm our previous locus at 8q24.13-8q24.21, but significant evidence for linkage was observed in the region of 15q with a maximum two-point LOD score of 5.38 at D15S153 (theta = 0.00). Haplotype analysis localized the punctate PPK locus within the region defined by D15S651 and D15S988. This region overlaps by 5.06 cM with the previously reported punctate PPK region. CONCLUSIONS This study refines a disease gene causing punctate PPK to a 5.06-cM interval at 15q22.2-15q22.31.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at no. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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19
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Tan ZH, Shen YJ, Zhao JN, Li HY, Zhang J. [Effects of rhein on the function of human mesangial cells in high glucose environment]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2004; 39:881-6. [PMID: 15696926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the mechanisms of anti-diabetic nephropathy of rhein on cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs). METHODS To mimic the hyperglycemic (HG) environment of diabetic nephropathy, 30 mmol x L(-1) glucose were added to 10% FBS RPMI 1640. The HMCs were treated with rhein for 8, 24, 48 or 72 h, at these time, the bioactivity, total activity of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1), activity of p38MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, by using immunoprecipitate and Western blot), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2), and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9, by using gelatinase zymography) and the proliferation of HMCs in high glucose media were measured. Meanwhile the levels of secretion of FN in cultured HMCs were measured. RESULTS The results showed that rhein markedly inhibit the proliferation of HMCs, significantly reduce the bioactivity of TGFbeta1 and FN secretion in HMCs, and decrease the increased activity of p38MAPK, but showed no action on the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSION Rhein reduced the secretion of FN and inhibited the proliferation of HMCs may through inhibiting the bioactivities of TGFbeta1 and p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Huai Tan
- Sichuan Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengdu 610041, China.
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20
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He PP, Zhang XJ, Yang Q, Li M, Liang YH, Yang S, Yan KL, Cui Y, Shen YY, Wang HY, Sun LD, Du WH, Shen YJ, Xu SJ, Huang W. Refinement of a locus for Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis to a 1.1-cM interval at 8p21.3. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:837-42. [PMID: 15149494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis (MUHH) is a rare autosomal congenital alopecia with progressive hair loss starting in early childhood and accelerating at puberty. A locus for MUHH has been mapped on chromosome 8p21 but no genes for MUHH have been identified to date. OBJECTIVES To refine the MUHH locus to a narrow chromosome region to facilitate cloning of the gene. METHODS We performed genotyping and linkage analysis in a multigeneration Chinese family with MUHH, using 18 high-density microsatellite markers spanning the previously mapped interval at 8p21. RESULTS Significant evidence for linkage was observed in this region, with a maximum two-point LOD score of 3.01 (theta = 0). Haplotype analysis localized the MUHH locus within the region defined by D8S282 and D8S1839. This region overlaps by 1.1-cM with the previously reported MUHH region and represents a physical distance of about 380 kb. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a refined map location (1.1 cM) for isolation of the gene causing MUHH. These data also indicate the existence of a common MUHH locus at 8p21.3 between affected caucasian and Chinese families.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P He
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Genome Research at Anhui, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
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21
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You SJ, Shen YJ, Ouyang CF, Hsu CL. The effect of residual chemical oxygen demand on anoxic and aerobic phosphate uptake and release with various intracellular polymer levels. Water Environ Res 2004; 76:149-154. [PMID: 15168846 DOI: 10.2175/106143004x141672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anoxic and aerobic phosphate uptake and release reactions and the fraction of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) under various initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) and residual COD conditions. The results showed that DPAOs and non-DPAOs could release phosphate when high soluble COD was present. Consequently, the phosphate-uptake potential was dynamic and increased when the initial COD increased, the initial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) increased, and the residual COD decreased. Furthermore, the electron acceptor (oxygen of nitrate) has more significant influence on the phosphate uptake/release characteristics, while the residual COD concentrations have little influence on that. The fraction of DPAOs to phosphate-accumulating organisms was 42% when the initial PHA storage was enough by both DPAOs and non-DPAOs. This was closely related to the relative phosphate uptake (47%) in the anoxic zone of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J You
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yung Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan.
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22
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Miao WN, Shen YJ, Zeng XR. [Effect of Puerarin on K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2002; 18:155-158. [PMID: 21179804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND METHODS To observe the effects of Puerarin on K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig. METHODS Using inside-out configuration of patch-clamp single channel recording technique. RESULTS Puerarin 20 micromol/L, 40 micromol/L, 80 microml/L could inhibit the open-close rate of K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig. At 80 micromol/L, Po was decreased from 0.867 +/- 0.13 to 0.019 +/- 0.01 (n = 5, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Puerarin can inhibit K+ channel of isolated ventricular myocyte in guinea pig. It may be the mechanism of Puerarin against arrhythmias in molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Miao
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology Cheng Du University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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Abstract
AIMS We have previously shown that hypertrophic scar tissue from burn patients contains abnormally high amounts of the proteoglycans versican and biglycan and reduced amounts of decorin, in comparison with normal dermis or mature scar. The lack of decorin may account for the poor organization of collagen fibrils in the nodular areas of these scars. Decorin has also been reported to neutralize the fibrogenic growth factor TGF-beta1. This study was conducted to monitor the time-course of expression of decorin in healing burn wounds by in-situ hybridization to determine whether its absence from hypertrophic scars could result from reduced synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Scar tissue from 19 patients and normal dermis from six patients, was fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Digoxigenin-labelled cRNA probes were prepared from a plasmid containing a 622-bp insert of human decorin cDNA and used for in-situ hybridization. Total numbers of connective tissue cells and cells positive for decorin mRNA were counted in 10 random fields in the upper (papillary), middle and lower (reticular) one-thirds of the dermis. In all regions the number and percentages of cells with decorin mRNA were low during the first 12 months after injury (eight samples), much higher between 12 and 36 months (seven samples) and low and similar to those in normal skin after 36 months (five samples). The differences between intermediate and early or late stage samples were statistically significant (one-way ANOVA). Immunohistochemistry showed little staining for decorin in early stage samples and much stronger staining in mid-stage. Late stage tissue showed intense staining for decorin, almost comparable to that in normal dermis. CONCLUSION Expression of decorin in burn wounds is suppressed for about 12 months and then increases at a time when resolution of hypertrophic scarring is generally considered to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sayani
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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DeLong CJ, Shen YJ, Thomas MJ, Cui Z. Molecular distinction of phosphatidylcholine synthesis between the CDP-choline pathway and phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:29683-8. [PMID: 10514439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.42.29683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, the liver has a unique phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) methyltransferase activity for PC synthesis via three methylations of the ethanolamine moiety of PE. Previous studies indicate that the two pathways are functionally different and not interchangeable even though PC is the common product of both pathways. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that these two pathways produce different profiles of PC species. The PC species from these two pathways were labeled with specific stable isotope precursors, D9-choline and D4-ethanolamine, and analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Our studies revealed a profound distinction in PC profiles between the CDP-choline pathway and the PE methylation pathway. PC molecules produced from the CDP-choline pathway were mainly comprised of medium chain, saturated (e.g. 16:0/18:0) species. On the other hand, PC molecules from the PE methylation pathway were much more diverse and were comprised of significantly more long chain, polyunsaturated (e.g. 18:0/20:4) species. PC species from the methylation pathway contained a higher percentage of arachidonate and were more diverse than those from the CDP-choline pathway. This profound distinction of PC profiles may contribute to the different functions of these two pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J DeLong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Abstract
Metabolism of trifluorothymidine (TFT) and its transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been measured quantitatively in rats by fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((19)F NMR). It is demonstrated that TFT crosses the BBB in micromolar quantities and is metabolized in brain tissue primarily to its free base trifluoromethyluracil (TFMU) by the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP). It is further proposed that the rate of TFMU production can be used as a measure of cerebral TP. The glycols of both TFMU, and to a lesser degree TFT, are generated via an oxidative route. In contrast, the major pathway for hepatic metabolism of this compound is through reduction of the nitrogen base moiety and generation of 5-6-dihydro species followed by ring degradation. Thus, in addition to TFMU as well as the dihydroxy (glycol)-, and the dihydro-species of both TFT and TFMU, alpha-trifluoromethyl-beta-ureidopropionic acid (F(3)MUPA) and alpha-trifluoromethyl-beta-alanine (F(3)MBA) were detected in liver extracts. The total metabolite levels in liver were 2-5 times higher than in the brain. Low levels of fluoride ion were detected in all the extracts from brain and liver, as well as blood and urine. This study characterizes TFT as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for use against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pouremad
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology and the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University and Northwestern University Medical School, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Shen YJ, DeBellard ME, Salzer JL, Roder J, Filbin MT. Myelin-associated glycoprotein in myelin and expressed by Schwann cells inhibits axonal regeneration and branching. Mol Cell Neurosci 1998; 12:79-91. [PMID: 9770342 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1998.0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian CNS does not regenerate after injury due largely to myelin-specific inhibitors of axonal growth. The PNS, however, does regenerate once myelin is cleared and myelin proteins are down-regulated by Schwann cells. Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a sialic acid binding protein, is a potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth when presented to neurons in culture. Here, we present additional evidence that strongly supports the suggestion that MAG contributes to the overall inhibitory properties of myelin. When myelin from MAG-/- mice is used as a substrate, axonal length is 100 and 60% longer for neonatal cerebellar and older DRG neurons, respectively, compared to MAG+/+ myelin. The converse is true for neurites from neonatal DRG neurons, which are twice as long on MAG+/+ relative to MAG-/- myelin, consistent with MAG's dual role of promoting axonal growth from neonatal DRG neurons but inhibiting growth in older DRG and all other postnatal neurons examined. Furthermore, desialylating neurons reverses inhibition by CNS myelin by 45%. Contrary to previous reports, under these conditions PNS myelin is also inhibitory for axonal regeneration. Importantly, results using PNS MAG-/- myelin as a substrate suggest that MAG contributes to this inhibition. Finally, when Schwann cells not expressing MAG and permissive for axonal growth are induced to express MAG by retroviral infection, not only is axonal outgrowth greatly inhibited by these cells but so also is neurite branching. This suggests for the first time that MAG not only affects axonal regeneration but may also play a role in the control of axonal sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York, 10021, USA
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Wang R, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-1 in normal and post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue in human. Mol Cell Biochem 1998; 183:1-9. [PMID: 9655173 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006890212478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The migration of epithelial cells from dermal appendages toward the wound surface is essential for re-epithelialization of partial thickness burn injuries. This study provides evidence that these cells in vivo synthesize a mitogenic and fibrogenic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may promote the development of the post-burn fibroproliferative disorder, hypertrophic scarring (HSc). An evaluation of 7 post-burn hypertrophic scars, 7 normal skin samples obtained from the same patients and 4 mature scars revealed that IGF-1 expressing cells from the disrupted sweat glands tend to reform small sweat glands of 4-10 cells/gland in post-burn HSc. The number of these cells increases with time and the glands become larger in mature scar. Other epithelial cells such as those found in sebaceous glands and basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, also express IGF-1 protein and mRNA as detected by Northern and RT-PCR analysis of RNA obtained from whole skin and separated epidermis and dermis. However, cultured keratinocytes did not express mRNA for IGF-1. Histological comparisons between normal and HSc sections show no mature sebaceous glands in dermal fibrotic tissues but the number of IGF-1 producing cells including infiltrated immune cells was markedly higher in the dermis of hypertrophic scar tissues relative to that of the normal control. In these tissues, but not in normal dermis, IGF-1 protein was found associated with the extracellular matrix. By in situ hybridization, IGF-1 mRNA was localized to both epithelial and infiltrated immune cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that in normal skin, fibroblasts have little or no access to diffusible IGF-1 expressed by epithelial cells of the epidermis, sweat and sebaceous glands; while following dermal injury when these structures are disrupted, IGF-1 may contribute to the development of fibrosis through its fibrogenic and mitogenic functions. Reformation of sweat glands during the later stages of healing may, therefore, limit this accessibility, and lead to scar maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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28
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Scott PG, Dodd CM, Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Tredget EE. Fibroblasts from post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue synthesize less decorin than normal dermal fibroblasts. Clin Sci (Lond) 1998; 94:541-7. [PMID: 9682679 DOI: 10.1042/cs0940541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Fibroblast cultures were established from biopsies of hypertrophic scar and normal dermis taken from nine patients recovering from second- and third-degree burns. The capacity of these fibroblasts to synthesize the small proteoglycan decorin was assessed by quantitative Western blot analysis of conditioned medium collected from confluent cultures. Levels of mRNA for decorin were assessed by quantitative Northern analysis. Since transforming growth factor-beta 1 is implicated in various fibrotic conditions, including post-burn hypertrophic scar, its effect on decorin synthesis by these paired fibroblast cell strains was assessed. 2. Production of decorin was lower in all cell strains of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts tested, compared with normal dermal fibroblasts cultured from the same patients (mean 49 +/- 23%; P < 0.001, n = 9). Levels of mRNA for decorin were also lower (mean 59 +/- 28%; P < 0.02, n = 7) but those for biglycan and versican were not significantly different. Four pairs of cell strains were examined at more than one passage and the differences in decorin protein were found to be phenotypically persistent. Treatment of confluent cultures with transforming growth factor-beta 1 for 3 days caused a reduction in both decorin protein and mRNA in all six strains of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts tested and in five of six strains of normal dermal fibroblasts. An increase in the length of the dermatan sulphate chain on decorin, a previously reported characteristic of this glycosaminoglycan in hypertrophic scar, was seen in all but two of the strains treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1. The depression of decorin synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta 1 was reversed on removal of the agent and passaging the fibroblasts. 3. The reduced capacity of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scar tissue to synthesize decorin may have implications for the development of the condition since this small proteoglycan is involved in tissue organization and may also play a role in modulating the activity in vivo of fibrogenic cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) belongs to a family of multifunctional modulatory proteins involved in cell growth, differentiation, development, and wound healing. Although the biological activities of TGF-beta1 have been extensively studied, its regulation remains obscure. Here we report the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the expression of TGF-beta1 by dermal fibroblasts and suggest a possible mechanism. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for TGF-beta revealed a greater than twofold increase (12.3 +/- 1.6 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.8 pg/10(4) cells, n = 7, P < 0.05) in the protein in conditioned medium obtained from IGF-1-treated cells compared to that from untreated controls. Similar results were obtained by the mink lung epithelial cell growth inhibition assay. The results of Northern analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in TGF-beta1 mRNA in response to IGF-1 treatment. Using the optimum concentration of IGF-1 (100 ng/ml), a greater than twofold increase (25.43 +/- 5.7 vs. 12.13 +/- 4.5, P < 0.05) in TGF-beta1 mRNA was observed. This effect persisted for at least 48 h after IGF-1 was removed from the culture medium. Nuclear run-on assay showed that this stimulation was due, at least in part, to an increase in the rate of transcription of the TGF-beta1 gene. Treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with IGF-1 caused a substantial increase in c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression within 30 and 60 min, respectively. In contrast to c-jun mRNA which was constitutively expressed by dermal fibroblasts, the expression of c-fos mRNA was transient and only detectable between 15 and 60 min. Greater than 58% of the increase in TGF-beta1 caused by IGF-1 could be blocked by the addition of anti-TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody to the culture medium, suggesting that autoinduction of TGF-beta1 may be involved. An increase in IGF-1-induced TGF-beta1 should be important in many different physiological processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and wound healing. These findings also suggest that induction of TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein by IGF-1 may be a mechanism by which this cytokine is regulated in physiological and/or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Tang S, Woodhall RW, Shen YJ, deBellard ME, Saffell JL, Doherty P, Walsh FS, Filbin MT. Soluble myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) found in vivo inhibits axonal regeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 1997; 9:333-46. [PMID: 9361272 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1997.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration when used as a substrate for growth. However, to be characterized definitively as inhibitory rather than nonpermissive, MAG must also inhibit axonal regeneration when presented in solution. Here, we show that soluble dMAG (extracellular domain only), released in abundance from myelin and found in vivo and chimeric MAG-Fc, can potently inhibit axonal regeneration. For both dMAG and MAG-Fc, inhibition is dose-dependent. If myelin-conditioned medium is immunodepleted of dMAG, or if a MAG antibody is included with MAG-Fc, inhibition is completely neutralized. Together with MAG's ability to induce growth cone collapse, these results demonstrate that MAG is an inhibitory molecule and not merely nonpermissive. The results also suggest that MAG binds to a specific receptor and initiates a signal transduction cascade to effect inhibition. Importantly, these results indicate that soluble dMAG detected in vivo could contribute to the lack of regeneration in the mammalian CNS after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York 10021, USA
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31
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Tang S, Shen YJ, DeBellard ME, Mukhopadhyay G, Salzer JL, Crocker PR, Filbin MT. Myelin-associated glycoprotein interacts with neurons via a sialic acid binding site at ARG118 and a distinct neurite inhibition site. J Cell Biol 1997; 138:1355-66. [PMID: 9298990 PMCID: PMC2132563 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.138.6.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory components in myelin are largely responsible for the lack of regeneration in the mammalian CNS. Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a sialic acid binding protein and a component of myelin, is a potent inhibitor of neurite outgrowth from a variety of neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that MAG's sialic acid binding site is distinct from its neurite inhibitory activity. Alone, sialic acid-dependent binding of MAG to neurons is insufficient to effect inhibition of axonal growth. Thus, while soluble MAG-Fc (MAG extracellular domain fused to Fc), a truncated form of MAG-Fc missing Ig-domains 4 and 5, MAG(d1-3)-Fc, and another sialic acid binding protein, sialoadhesin, each bind to neurons in a sialic acid- dependent manner, only full-length MAG-Fc inhibits neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that a second site must exist on MAG which elicits this response. Consistent with this model, mutation of arginine 118 (R118) in MAG to either alanine or aspartate abolishes its sialic acid-dependent binding. However, when expressed at the surface of either CHO or Schwann cells, R118-mutated MAG retains the ability to inhibit axonal outgrowth. Hence, MAG has two recognition sites for neurons, the sialic acid binding site at R118 and a distinct inhibition site which is absent from the first three Ig domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York 10021, USA
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32
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Cui Z, Shen YJ, Vance DE. Inverse correlation between expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-2 and growth rate of perinatal rat livers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1346:10-6. [PMID: 9187297 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated the liver-specific phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-2 (PEMT2) in suppression of hepatocarcinoma proliferation (Cui et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 24531-24533). It was not known if this phenomenon in cell culture had relevance to liver growth and PEMT2 expression in an intact animal. Hence, we investigated the relationship between normal proliferation of liver and the expression of PEMT2 during the perinatal period of developing rats. PEMT2 protein was completely absent, and PEMT activity was very low, in prenatal livers in which liver growth is rapid. At birth, a decrease of liver growth coincided with the rapid appearance in liver of a high level of PEMT2 protein that was sustained throughout adult life. Northern blots revealed that the postnatal expression of PEMT2 correlated with the level of its mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining of liver sections showed a distinctive pattern of PEMT2 expression at birth. A high level of PEMT2 was expressed in defined extranuclear regions of hepatocytes from newborn rats whereas the protein was dispersed in the extranuclear areas in adult hepatocytes. The inverse correlation between the rate of liver growth and PEMT2 expression together with other results suggest that this enzyme, or its product, is involved in control of normal liver proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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33
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Wang R, Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production are reduced in hypertrophic scar tissue and fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 108:438-44. [PMID: 9077471 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12289708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that human dermal fibroblasts express both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and produce nitric oxide (NO). In this study, NOS expression and NO production were compared in human fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar (HSc) and site-matched normal dermis. NOS expression and NO production in HSc fibroblasts are significantly reduced when compared with normal fibroblasts. Without stimulation, the HSc fibroblasts produced 7.37 +/- 1.17 nmol and the normal fibroblasts produced 11.15 +/- 0.79 nmol/10(6) cells/96 h (paired t test, p < 0.01, n = 6) NO as determined by the Griess reaction. After stimulation with 200 units interferon-gamma per ml and 40 microg lipopolysaccharide per ml, both HSc and normal fibroblasts produced significantly higher NO, indicating that the HSc fibroblasts retain the capacity to express inducible NOS (iNOS). The Ca2+-dependent NOS (cNOS) activity in the cytosol of HSc fibroblasts (1.43 pmol/min/g of protein) was significantly lower than that in normal fibroblasts (2.60 pmol/min/g of protein), as determined by citrulline assay (p < 0.01, n = 4). The mRNAs for endothelial cNOS and iNOS in both HSc and normal fibroblasts were detectable by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry confirmed that the untreated HSc fibroblasts expressed less endothelial cNOS protein than untreated normal fibroblasts. Because NO markedly inhibits cell proliferation, our results suggest that after thermal injury, fibroblasts in the scar tissue may undergo phenotypic alteration leading to reduced endothelial cNOS expression. The low levels of endogenous NO in HSc fibroblasts might be responsible for the cellularity of post-burn HSc, a characteristic feature of this fibrotic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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34
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Shen YJ, Lin LH, Zhang LL. [Monitoring and prevention of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1996; 31:593-4. [PMID: 9295538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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35
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Venkatasubramanian PN, Shen YJ, Wyrwicz AM. Characterization of the cerebral distribution of general anesthetics in vivo by two-dimensional 19F chemical shift imaging. Magn Reson Med 1996; 35:626-30. [PMID: 8992217 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910350426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of two fluorinated anesthetics, halothane and isoflurane, in rabbit brain was mapped during the course of their uptake using 19F NMR chemical shift imaging techniques. Use of a short phase-encoding time and free induction decay acquisition minimized T2-related signal losses in two-dimensional chemical shift imaging. Localization of the brain and exclusion of surrounding tissues was achieved by the use of a surface coil. The spatial distribution of halothane and isoflurane in the brain was nonuniform and both anesthetics were detected predominantly in the cerebral cortex. During the early stages of uptake, anesthetic concentration in the brain was extremely low, but it continued to increase for several hours with sustained anesthetic delivery. Time-dependent variations in anesthetic concentration were observed in different brain regions.
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36
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Wang R, Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Human dermal fibroblasts produce nitric oxide and express both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:419-27. [PMID: 8648170 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12343428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by a variety of human and animal cells and is involved in a broad array of physiological and pathophysiological processes. It can cause vasodilation, serve as a neurotransmitter, and have anti-neoplastic, anti-microbial, and anti-proliferative effects. In this study, we have demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from human skin spontaneously produce NO and that this production can be enhanced by stimulating the cells with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. The production of NO by human dermal fibroblasts can be blocked by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The inhibitory effect of L-NMMA on NO production was restored by addition of L-arginine but not D-arginine. By measuring the rate of conversion of [14C]L-arginine to [14C]L-citrulline, we show that unstimulated cells expressed only Ca2+-dependent NO synthase (NOS) activity (1.36 +/- 0.57 pmol/mg/min; n = 4) whereas stimulated cells expressed both Ca2+-dependent (2.60 +/- 0.54 pmol/mg/min; n = 4) and -independent (1.59 +/- 0.14 pmol/mg/min; n = 4) NOS activities. With reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the 422-bp RT-PCR product for human endothelial constitutive NOS and the 462-bp RT-PCR product for human hepatocyte inducible NOS were detected in proportion to the amount of mRNA-related RT-cDNA added to the reaction mixture. Further evidence by immunocytochemistry demonstrated that human dermal fibroblasts express both constitutive and inducible NOS proteins. These data collectively suggest that in addition to macrophages and other inflammatory cells, nitric oxide production by dermal fibroblasts could be important during the inflammatory stages of wound healing and possibly also in the later stages of proliferation and tissue remodeling after skin injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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37
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Nedelec B, Wang R, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Collagenase production is lower in post-burn hypertrophic scar fibroblasts than in normal fibroblasts and is reduced by insulin-like growth factor-1. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:476-81. [PMID: 8648180 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12343658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the accumulation of extracellular matrix in post-burn hypertrophic scarring (HSc) tissues is, in part, caused by an overexpression of mRNA for fibronectin, type I, and type III procollagen. Here, we report that five different fibroblast cell strains derived from HSc tissues are deficient in collagenase activity relative to paired fibroblasts from normal skin of the same patients. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly lower (52.5 +/- 16.8% vs 100 +/- 8.3%; n = 9; p < 0.05) collagenase activity in conditioned medium from HSc fibroblasts relative to that obtained from the control. The expression of collagenase mRNA was also significantly depressed (51 +/- 7% vs 100 +/- 11%; n = 5; p < 0.05) in four of five strains of HSc fibroblasts examined. The level of mRNA for collagenase in both HSc and normal fibroblasts increased with serial passage, but at any given passage number, the expression of this transcript was lower in HSc fibroblasts. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is present at the site of HSc in high quantity, reduced collagenase mRNA but increased type I collagen mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner. The collagenase activity in conditioned medium derived from IGF-1-treated normal dermal fibroblasts was reduced (23.1 +/- 7.81% vs 100 +/- 6.6%; n = 7; p < 0.05). A significant reduction in collagenase mRNA and activity was also found in HSc fibroblasts following IGF-1 treatment. These findings suggest that IGF-1-induced suppression of collagenase mRNA and activity may be a mechanism by which IGF-1 promotes the development of post-burn HSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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38
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DeBellard ME, Tang S, Mukhopadhyay G, Shen YJ, Filbin MT. Myelin-associated glycoprotein inhibits axonal regeneration from a variety of neurons via interaction with a sialoglycoprotein. Mol Cell Neurosci 1996; 7:89-101. [PMID: 8731478 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1996.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration from both cerebellar neurons and adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In contrast, MAG promotes axonal growth from newborn DRG neurons. Here, we show that the switch in response to MAG from promotion to inhibition of neurite outgrowth by DRg neurons occurs sharply at Postnatal Day 3. To date, of all the neurons tested a postnatal switch in response is only observed for DRG neurons; MAG inhibits axonal growth from retinal, superior cervical ganglion, spinal, and hippocampal neurons of all postnatal ages. Furthermore, MAG binds to neurons from which it promotes and from which it inhibits outgrowth, in a sialic-acid-dependent manner. Now we show this binding is also trypsin-sensitive. Hence, the interaction is via a sialoglycoprotein. Binding of MAG to all the neurons tested here was also sialic-acid-dependent. Importantly, both inhibition and promotion of neurite outgrowth by MAG are reduced, or abolished completely, either by desialyation of the neurons prior to the outgrowth assay or by including small sialic-acid-bearing sugars in the cultures. These results suggest that MAG is likely to contribute to the lack of regeneration observed throughout the nervous system. Also, it is likely that MAG is exerting its effect, either directly or indirectly, on both promotion and inhibition of neurite outgrowth via a neuronal sialoglycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E DeBellard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York 10021, USA
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39
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Nedelec B, Shen YJ, Ghahary A, Scott PG, Tredget EE. The effect of interferon alpha 2b on the expression of cytoskeletal proteins in an in vitro model of wound contraction. J Lab Clin Med 1995; 126:474-84. [PMID: 7595033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Wound contraction is an essential component of wound healing. However, the development of scar contractures in tissues and organs disrupts normal organ integrity and produces functional deformities. Although interferons alpha and gamma inhibit extracellular matrix protein production by fibroblasts, their effects on cytoskeletal protein mediated-wound contraction are as yet unclear. The fibroblast-populated collagen lattice is an in vitro assay that simulates wound contraction. When matched pairs of human hypertrophic scar and normal dermal fibroblast cultures established from patients recovering from a thermal injury were used, interferon-alpha 2b exposure before lattice formation was found to significantly inhibit contraction in a treatment time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Fibroblasts generated contractile forces that were triphasic and serum sensitive (p < 0.01). Comparison of hypertrophic scar and normal dermal fibroblasts revealed no significant differences in ability to induce lattice contraction. Northern blot analysis of mRNAs for the intracellular contractile proteins revealed that interferon-alpha 2b significantly down-regulated mRNA levels of the actin isoforms beta and gamma (50% to 60%) but had no significant effect on alpha-tubulin, vimentin, and alpha-actinin. Fibroblast-populated collagen lattices were stained with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin to reveal filamentous actin proteins. Marked morphologic alterations of the stress fibers were associated with reductions in lattice contraction after interferon-alpha 2b treatment. Thus interferon-alpha 2b's inhibition of wound contraction in vitro is associated with reductions in mRNA for beta and gamma actin and distinct morphologic alterations in fibroblast stress fiber morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nedelec
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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40
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Abstract
Uptake of a fluorinated anesthetic, halothane, in rabbit brain and blood was studied using 19F-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Localized one-dimensional chemical shift imaging and non-localized one-pulse sequence were used to measure brain uptake kinetics in vivo. Halothane signal was found predominantly in the cerebral cortex. Uptake in the brain followed a first-order biexponential kinetics. The average half-lives were 4 min and 70 min, respectively, for the 'fast' and 'slow' phases of the uptake. Uptake in the arterial blood was also biexponential. However, equilibration of halothane in the brain considerably lagged behind that in arterial blood. This delay was ascribed to a 'restricted diffusion' of the anesthetic molecule into brain tissue.
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Nedelec B, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Enhanced expression of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor-1 in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue and its fibrogenic role by dermal fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 148:25-32. [PMID: 7476930 DOI: 10.1007/bf00929499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HSc) which frequently develops in patients following severe thermal injury is characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including type I and type III collagen. In this study, we examined the presence and quantity of IGF-1 mRNA transcripts in post-burn HSc. The results of dot blot experiments showed a 77.5% (100 +/- 8.15 vs 177.5 +/- 19, p < 0.01) increase in expression of IGF-1 IIIRNA in HSc tissue relative to normal dermis obtained from the same patients. A Northern blot analysis confirmed the specificity of the IGF-1 cDNA. This cDNA visualized four different transcripts with apparent sizes of 7.0, 3.9, 1.8 and 1.0 kb, similar to those previously reported. The possible fibrogenic role of IGF-1 was examined by analyzing the effect of this growth factor on the expression of mRNA for the pro alpha 1(I) chain of type I procollagen and the pro alpha 1(III) chain of type III procollagen in dermal fibroblasts. IGF-1 increased the expression of these transcripts as early as 6 h and the effect was maximal at 24 h. Quantitative analysis by densitometry showed a 149 and 166% increase in pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 1(III) mRNA after 24 h of IGF-1 treatment, respectively. This effect seems to be specific as the abundance of mRNA for the pro alpha 2(I) chain of type I procollagen or TIMP-II was unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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42
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Nedelec B, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Interferons gamma and alpha-2b differentially regulate the expression of collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 messenger RNA in human hypertrophic and normal dermal fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 1995; 3:176-84. [PMID: 17173646 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1995.30209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that both interferon gamma (gamma) and interferon alpha-2b (alpha-2b) markedly depress the expression of messenger RNA for type I procollagen and fibronectin in postburn hypertrophic scar and normal dermal fibroblasts. In this article we examine the effects of these cytokines on the expression of mRNA for collagenase and its natural inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Twelve different fibroblast cell strains, six from postburn hypertrophic scar and six from the normal dermis of the same patients, were established in cell culture. The results of a dose response experiment showed increases in collagenase mRNA up to 4000 U/ml of interferon-alpha-2b, but maximal increases in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase mRNA expression and maximal decrease in mRNA for type I procollagen at 2000 U/ml. For subsequent experiments cells were treated with either interferon-alpha-2b (2000 U/ml) or -gamma (1000 U/ml) for 96 hours. Quantitative analysis showed increases in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and collagenase mRNA (81% and 54%, respectively) in interferon-alpha-2b-treated hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Under the same experimental conditions, interferon-alpha-2b had similar effects on normal dermal fibroblasts; however, interferon-gamma had a differential effect on the expression of mRNA for collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Cells treated with interferon-gamma showed increases in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA (78% in hypertrophic scar and 56% in normal dermal fibroblasts) but decreases (59% and 42%, respectively) in collagenase mRNA. These effects appear to be selective because rehybridization of blots with a complementary DNA for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 mRNA showed no marked alteration in the abundance of this transcript. Significantly greater collagenase activity was found in conditioned medium from interferon-alpha-2b-treated hypertrophic scar cells compared with that from interferon-gamma-treated cells. These findings suggest that interferon alpha-2b would have some advantages over interferon-gamma for the treatment of dermal fibroproliferative disorders, such as postburn hypertrophic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, Division of Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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43
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Abstract
Following severe thermal injury and other injuries to the deep dermis of the skin, patients frequently develop hypertrophic scarring (HSc) which is characterized by an over-abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen. Our previous work revealed a synchronous elevation in expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, type I and type III procollagen in human HSc tissue, suggesting a possible role of locally synthesized TGF-beta 1 in matrix production. In this study the immunoreactive sites of TGF-beta 1 protein in hypertrophic and normal dermal (ND) tissue obtained from the same patients have been determined by an immunoperoxidase staining system. We used two TGF-beta 1-specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies known as anti-LC and anti-CC which were prepared to different synthetic preparations of a peptide corresponding to the first 1-30 amino acids of the amino-terminus of mature TGF-beta 1. These antibodies have affinity for two distinct epitopes of TGF-beta 1. The anti-LC antibody localized TGF-beta 1 to non-proliferating/differentiated epidermal cells, suprabasal keratinocytes in both normal and HSc tissues. The intensity of this staining was significantly higher (150 +/- 26 sq. micron vs 77 +/- 7 sq. micron, n = 5, P < 0.05) in normal tissues compared to HSc tissues. When the anti-CC antibody was used as the primary antibody, intense staining of focal regions was observed in the dermis of HSc tissue, but not in ND tissue obtained from the same patient. These foci contained collagen which was nodular, distributed in whorl-like arrangements and highly enriched with microvessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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44
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Varedi M, Tredget EE, Scott PG, Shen YJ, Ghahary A. Alteration in cell morphology triggers transforming growth factor-beta 1, collagenase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-I expression in normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104:118-23. [PMID: 7528243 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12613609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using immunocytochemistry and Northern blot analysis, we investigated the role of cell morphology and reorganization of the cytoskeleton in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in human dermal fibroblasts. Disruption of the cytoskeleton was induced by three different agents--trypsin, ethyl-eneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), or cytochalasin--and was confirmed by staining with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin. Immunocytochemical staining with antibodies specific for TGF-beta 1 revealed a cell-shape-related induction of TGF-beta 1. Northern blot analysis of total RNA showed a significant increase in the expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA as early as 4 h and peaking at 12 h after disruption of the cytoskeleton. Quantitative analysis of TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression at 4 h after treatment with trypsin, EGTA, or cytochalasin C showed increases of 2.6-, 3.3-, and 2.6-fold, respectively. Disruption of the cytoskeleton by trypsin, EGTA, or cytochalasin C increased mRNA for collagenase by 3.8-fold, 2.3-fold, or 2.5-fold, respectively. The expression of mRNA for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases I (TIMP-I) also showed a 3.2-fold increase by trypsin, a 3.6-fold increase by EGTA, and a 2.5-fold increase by cytochalasin C. Cell-shape-related induction of TGF-beta 1, collagenase, and TIMP-I genes appears to be selective, as the levels of mRNA for fibronectin and type I procollagen were not significantly altered. These data suggest that gene expression of TGF-beta 1, collagenase, and TIMP-I is governed by the status of the cytoskeleton microfilament organization, which may be a mechanism of gene regulation during cell division, migration, and differentiation, events fundamental to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Varedi
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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45
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Tredget EE. Expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta 1 is reduced in hypertrophic scar and normal dermal fibroblasts following serial passage in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 103:684-6. [PMID: 7963657 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12398532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated a synchronous elevation in the expression of mRNA for type I, type III procollagen and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue compared to normal skin obtained from the same patient. In an attempt to examine whether these effects are phenotypically persistent, we compared the expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta 1 in cultured fibroblasts from post-burn hypertrophic scar and normal dermis established from the same patients at passages 3, 5, 7, and 10. When a cDNA probe specific for transforming growth factor-beta 1 was used, a transcript with an apparent size of 2.5 kb was detected in both hypertrophic and normal fibroblasts at various passages. This cDNA also hybridized with a transcript with an apparent size of 4.9 kb. The abundance of the 2.5-kb transcript was decreased to 64% and 33% in hypertrophic scar and normal fibroblasts respectively, between passage 3 and 7, whereas the intensity of the 4.9-kb message was not significantly altered. This change seems to be selective because no significant alteration in the expression of mRNA for the heat-shock-like protein (Nb29) was observed. These findings suggest that the effect of passage on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in hypertrophic scar tissue fibroblasts is more pronounced than in normal cells derived from the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Abstract
Intimal proliferation is thought to be initiated by the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells after endothelial damage. These changes may be induced, in part, by mitogenic growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This study was designed to investigate the role of locally synthesized IGF-1 and its receptor in the arterial wall in response to the exposure to periarterial blood. Rat femoral arteries were exposed to periarterial blood for various time periods (control, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d). Total ribonucleic acid was extracted from the arteries of 10 to 15 animals, and the expression of IGF-1 messenger ribonucleic acid in treated and untreated arteries was analyzed using dot blot analysis. To identify and localize IGF-1 receptors on the arterial walls, an in situ ligand binding of IGF-1 to the arterial sections was utilized using [125I]IGF-1 as a tracer. Our results revealed that luminal narrowing was maximum at 7 days posttreatment. Intimal proliferation occurred at 14 and 21 days. The results of dot blot analysis showed that the expression of IGF-1 messenger ribonucleic acid was increased four-fold by Day 3 and remained elevated up to 7 days, then gradually decreased. In situ [125I]IGF-1 binding to the normal rat femoral artery localized IGF-1 receptors to the arterial wall. There was a marked increase in the number of receptors at 3 and 7 days after treatment with periarterial blood. These results suggest that locally synthesized IGF-1 and its receptor may function in an autocrine and/or paracrine loop as part of the response of the arterial wall to periarterial blood, resulting in intimal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kasuya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Illinois
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Ghahary A, Fu S, Shen YJ, Shankowsky HA, Tredget EE. Differential effects of thermal injury on circulating insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in burn patients. Mol Cell Biochem 1994; 135:171-80. [PMID: 7530808 DOI: 10.1007/bf00926520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The results of this report provide evidence that insulin-like growth factor-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs) in human sera are differentially regulated as a result of severe burn injury. Using the ligand binding technique, 125I-IGF-1 visualizes 5 different protein bands corresponding to those previously reported for IGFBP-1 to 4 with apparent sizes of 23-42 kd in serum samples prepared from severely burned patients and healthy individuals. The level of IGFBP-3 was significantly decreased within 3-5 days of injury and remained depressed for up to 20 days post injury. The average level of this binding protein reached its lowest value within 3-5 days of the injury (3.8 +/- 1.48% relative to day 0-1 value, n = 4, p < 0.01). Serum samples from 3 of 4 patients showed no recovery within 20 days post injury and the level of IGFBP-3 remained significantly depressed (p < 0.01). In contrast, the levels of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 increased 2 and 3 fold in the same serum samples within 3-5 days of the burn injury, respectively. This increase returns to normal (day 0-1 value) within 7-10 days for IGFBP-2, but the level of IGFBP-4 remained elevated 4 fold relative to the day 0-1 (p < 0.01). However, the abundance of IGFBP-1 in these serum samples was not significantly altered by the burn injury. By controlling for protein loading, these apparent alterations of IGFBPs in the sera of burned patients were not due to hemodilution. Similarly, significant reductions in IGFBP-3 were not likely due to IGFBP-3 specific protease activity in the sera of burn patients since incubation of sera from burn patients and normal individuals at 37 degrees C did not alter the pattern of IGFBPs in sera obtained from normal individuals. Of interest, the level of IGF-1 protein in these samples was also markedly reduced following severe burn injury similar to IGFBP-3. The results of this study suggest that a marked reduction of serum IGF-1 seen in burn patients is associated with a significant reduction of IGFBP-3, a major IGF-1 binding protein in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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du Moulin GC, Pitkin Z, Shen YJ, Conti E, Stewart JK, Charles C, Hamilton D. Overview of a quality assurance/quality control compliance program consistent with FDA regulations and policies for somatic cell and gene therapies: a four year experience. Cytotechnology 1994; 15:365-72. [PMID: 7765951 DOI: 10.1007/bf00762411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell and gene therapy involve the application of biological technologies to an individual patient through the use of living cells which provide a therapeutic benefit (Aliski, 1991). Various forms of cellular and gene therapies are being developed and evaluated in an increasing number of clinical trials for congenital and acquired disorders. The potential and progress of these therapeutic applications have resulted in an increasing effort by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to develop the regulatory framework under which these therapeutic approaches would insure safety and efficacy, the primary mandate of the FDA. Over five years ago Cellcor began to define the parameters, specifications, and conditions relevant to a Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program that has evolved to insure safety and maximize the efficacy of applications of the company's ex vivo technology, autolymphocyte therapy. Autolymphocyte therapy is an outpatient form of somatic cell immunotherapy based upon the infusion of T cells that have been activated ex vivo using a combination of previously generated autologous cytokines and an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. We have been able to demonstrate the feasibility for the safe, controlled, and consistent preparation and delivery of a cellular therapy by application of relevant GMP regulations. This presentation reviews aspects of this program and chronicles our experience which at present amounts to over 4400 in fusions for over 700 patients. This program provides a high degree of assurance that a cellular therapy program can be carried out in a multisite mode involving hundreds of patients through the strict adherence to cGMP as set forth in existing regulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G C du Moulin
- Department of Quality Control, Cellcor, Inc., Newton, MA 02159
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Venkatasubramanian PN, Shen YJ, Wyrwicz AM. In vivo 19F one-dimensional chemical shift imaging study of isoflurane uptake in rabbit brain. NMR Biomed 1993; 6:377-382. [PMID: 8148233 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1940060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
19F one-dimensional chemical shift imaging and one-pulse techniques were used to follow the uptake of isoflurane in rabbit brain in vivo. Brain isoflurane appeared mainly in two adjacent slices of cerebral cortex. Both slices showed increase in anesthetic content at similar rates. A biphasic first-order uptake pattern with an initial fast component and a slower rate for the duration of the uptake was observed by the one-pulse technique. Only the slower kinetic was followed by chemical shift imaging due to constraints on temporal resolution. Anesthetic levels in arterial blood reached equilibrium significantly earlier than in brain, suggesting a 'restricted' diffusion into brain tissue for this agent.
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Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Gong Y, Tredget EE. Enhanced expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta, type I and type III procollagen in human post-burn hypertrophic scar tissues. J Lab Clin Med 1993; 122:465-73. [PMID: 8228562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To explore the possible role of locally synthesized transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) and procollagen gene expression in postburn hypertrophic scars, we have compared mRNA levels for type I and type III procollagen and TGF-beta 1 in human hypertrophic scar tissue with normal dermis obtained from the same patients as a control. Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from hypertrophic scar tissue and normal skin demonstrated two transcripts for the pro-alpha 1(I) chain (5.8 kb and 4.8 kb) and for the pro-alpha 1(III) chain (5.4 kb and 4.8 kb) and one transcript (4.9 kb) for TGF-beta 1. Quantitative analysis of dot blot autoradiograms of mRNA from three samples of hypertrophic scar tissue and normal skin showed average increases of 102% (p < 0.05) for pro-alpha 1(I), 91% (p < 0.06) for pro-alpha 1(III), and 61% (p < 0.05) for TGF-beta 1. Three additional hypertrophic scar samples were quantitatively analyzed on Northern blots and showed increases of 246%, 102%, and 250% of the specific messages for pro-alpha 1(I), pro-alpha 1(III), and TGF-beta 1 relative to a normal skin control. Two transcripts (4.9 kb and 2.5 kb) for TGF-beta 1 were identified in cultured fibroblasts. In contrast to the results from tissue, the level of these transcripts in fibroblasts cultured from hypertrophic scar tissue and normal skin were not significantly different, suggesting that the synthesis of this growth factor is stimulated in tissue by a presently unknown mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Departments of Surgery and Oral Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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