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Cho CH, Son S, Lee Y, Jeong J, Yeom JW, Seo JY, Moon E, Baek JH, Park DY, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Kang HJ, Ahn YM, An H, Lee HJ. Identifying predictive factors for mood recurrence in early-onset major mood disorders: A 4-year, multicenter, prospective cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115882. [PMID: 38554495 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the predictive factors of the mood recurrence in patients with early-onset major mood disorders from a prospective observational cohort study from July 2015 to December 2019. A total of 495 patients were classified into three groups according to recurrence during the cohort observation period: recurrence group with (hypo)manic or mixed features (MMR), recurrence group with only depressive features (ODR), and no recurrence group (NR). As a result, the baseline diagnosis of bipolar disorder type 1 (BDI) and bipolar disorder type 2 (BDII), along with a familial history of BD, are strong predictors of the MMR. The discrepancies in wake-up times between weekdays and weekends, along with disrupted circadian rhythms, are identified as a notable predictor of ODR. Our findings confirm that we need to be aware of different predictors for each form of mood recurrences in patients with early-onset mood disorders. In clinical practice, we expect that information obtained from the initial assessment of patients with mood disorders, such as mood disorder type, family history of BD, regularity of wake-up time, and disruption of circadian rhythms, can help predict the risk of recurrence for each patient, allowing for early detection and timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Serhim Son
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaegwon Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lee HJ, Cho CH, Lee T, Jeong J, Yeom JW, Kim S, Jeon S, Seo JY, Moon E, Baek JH, Park DY, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Kang HJ, Ahn YM, Lee Y, Lee JB, Kim L. Prediction of impending mood episode recurrence using real-time digital phenotypes in major depression and bipolar disorders in South Korea: a prospective nationwide cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5636-5644. [PMID: 36146953 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders require consistent management of symptoms to prevent recurrences of mood episodes. Circadian rhythm (CR) disruption is a key symptom of mood disorders to be proactively managed to prevent mood episode recurrences. This study aims to predict impending mood episodes recurrences using digital phenotypes related to CR obtained from wearable devices and smartphones. METHODS The study is a multicenter, nationwide, prospective, observational study with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder I, and bipolar II disorder. A total of 495 patients were recruited from eight hospitals in South Korea. Patients were followed up for an average of 279.7 days (a total sample of 75 506 days) with wearable devices and smartphones and with clinical interviews conducted every 3 months. Algorithms predicting impending mood episodes were developed with machine learning. Algorithm-predicted mood episodes were then compared to those identified through face-to-face clinical interviews incorporating ecological momentary assessments of daily mood and energy. RESULTS Two hundred seventy mood episodes recurred in 135 subjects during the follow-up period. The prediction accuracies for impending major depressive episodes, manic episodes, and hypomanic episodes for the next 3 days were 90.1, 92.6, and 93.0%, with the area under the curve values of 0.937, 0.957, and 0.963, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We predicted the onset of mood episode recurrences exclusively using digital phenotypes. Specifically, phenotypes indicating CR misalignment contributed the most to the prediction of episodes recurrences. Our findings suggest that monitoring of CR using digital devices can be useful in preventing and treating mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Convergence Security Engineering, Sungshin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegwon Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Been Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Leen Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo JY, Yeom JW, Cho CH, Son S, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Moon E, Park DY, Baek JH, Kang HJ, An H, Lee HJ. The relationship between morningness-eveningness and mood symptoms and quality of life in euthymic state of mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:10-16. [PMID: 35940376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical importance of morningness-eveningness, especially in mood disorders, is prevailing. The differential relation of chronotype with diagnoses of early-onset mood disorders, mood symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life was evaluated. METHODS Early-onset mood disorder patients [n = 419; 146 major depressive disorder (MDD); 123 bipolar I disorder (BDI); 150 bipolar II disorder (BDII)] from the Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium were assessed for chronotype using the composite scale for morningness (CSM) and its association with clinical variables obtained during the clinician-verified euthymic state. RESULTS The mean total CSM of BDI was significantly higher than MDD and BDII (p < 0.001). In all types of mood disorders, higher total CSM was associated with lower Quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (p < 0.005) and higher WHO quality of life (p < 0.005). Such negative correlations between the total CSM and Montgomery-Asberg depression rating were significant in MDD and BDI (p < 0.05) and marginally significant in BDII (p = 0.077). CSM was a significant contributor to quality of life in BDI (p < 0.001) and BDII (p = 0.011), but it was not for MDD. LIMITATIONS The defined 'euthymic state' that may not fully reflect the remission of episode; limited generalizability due to clinical characteristic of early-onset mood disorder; the disparity between diurnal preference measured by the CSM and chronotype; possible effects of the last mood episode polarity and medication; and, lack of control group. CONCLUSION Less eveningness was associated with less severe depressive symptoms and better quality of life. This suggests that morningness may reduce residual depressive symptoms and recover function of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Serhim Son
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yeom JW, Cho CH, Jeon S, Seo JY, Son S, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Moon E, Park DY, Baek JH, Kang HJ, An H, Lee HJ. Bipolar II disorder has the highest prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in early-onset mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:661-670. [PMID: 33818866 DOI: 10.1002/da.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many mood disorder patients experience seasonal changes in varying degrees. Studies on seasonality have shown that bipolar disorder has a higher prevalence rate in such patients; however, there is limited research on seasonality in early-onset mood disorder patients. This study estimated the prevalence of seasonality in early-onset mood disorder patients, and examined the association between seasonality and mood disorders. METHODS Early-onset mood disorder patients (n = 378; 138 major depressive disorder; 101 bipolar I disorder; 139 bipolar II disorder) of the Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium and healthy control subjects (n = 235) were assessed for seasonality with Seasonality Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). RESULTS A higher global seasonality score, an overall seasonal impairment score, and the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal SAD showed that mood disorder subjects had higher seasonality than the healthy subjects. The former subject group had a significantly higher mean overall seasonal impairment score than the healthy subjects (p < .001); in particular, bipolar II disorder subjects had the highest prevalence of SAD, and the diagnosis of bipolar II disorder had significantly higher odds ratios for SAD when compared to major depression and bipolar I disorder (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Early-onset mood disorders, especially bipolar II disorder, were associated with high seasonality. A thorough assessment of seasonality in early-onset mood disorders may be warranted for more personalized treatment and proactive prevention of mood episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serhim Son
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SC, Cho CH, Lee Y, Seo JY, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Moon E, Park DY, Baek JH, Kang HJ, An H, Lee HJ. Similarities of Aspects of Biological Rhythms between Major Depression and Bipolar II Disorder Compared to Bipolar I Disorder: A Finding from the Early-Onset Mood Disorder Cohort. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:829-835. [PMID: 31648425 PMCID: PMC6877457 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biological rhythm is closely related to mood symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in biological rhythms among subjects with mood disorder [bipolar I disorder (BD I), bipolar II disorder (BD II), major depressive disorder (MDD)] and healthy control subjects. METHODS A total of 462 early-onset mood disorder subjects were recruited from nine hospitals. The controls subjects were recruited from the general population of South Korea. Subject groups and control subject were evaluated for the Korean language version of Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (K-BRIAN) at the initial evaluation. RESULTS The mean K-BRIAN scores were 35.59 [standard deviation (SD)=13.37] for BD I, 43.05 (SD=11.85) for BD II, 43.55 (SD=12.22) for MDD, and 29.1 (SD=8.15) for the control group. In the case of mood disorders, biological rhythm disturbances were greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). A significant difference existed between BD I and BD II (BD I <BD II, p<0.001) and between BD I and MDD (BD I<MDD, p< 0.001) but no difference was observed between BD II and MDD. CONCLUSION BD II and MDD are similar to each other but different from BD I in biological rhythm patterns in early-onset mood disorder cases. Biological rhythm disturbances are similar for early-onset major depression and BD II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Cheol Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han BH, Yoon JJ, Kim HY, Ahn YM, Jin SN, Wen JF, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Kang DG. Inhibitory effects of herbal decoction Ojeoksan on proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 70. [PMID: 31443091 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2019.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of Ojeoksan (OJS) on human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-aα). Thymidine incorporation after TNF-α treatment was increased and this effect was inhibited significantly by OJS treatment. HASMC proliferation and migration by kinetic live cell imaging were also reduced by treatment with OJS. TNF-α induced the expression of cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and reduced the expression of p21waf1/cip1/p27kip1. However, OJS also attenuated the expression of TNF-α-induced cell-cycle regulatory proteins. The results of Western blot analysis demonstrated that the TNF-α treated HASMC secreted gelatinases, probably including MMP-2/-9, which may be involved in the invasion and migration of HASMC. Additionally, OJS suppressed the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) in a dose-dependent manner. OJS inhibited the production of TNF-α-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the formation of DCF-sensitive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, OJS suppressed the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-α (IκB-α) of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) under TNF-α conditions. Our results demonstrate that OJS exerts inhibitory effects on TNF-α-induced HASMC proliferation and migration, suggesting the involvement of the inhibition of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, and the downregulation of ROS/NF-κB signaling. Thus, herbal decoction OJS may be a possible therapeutic approach to the inhibition of cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Han
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Yoon
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Ahn
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - S N Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - J F Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - H S Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - D G Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Ahn YM, Kim JY, Cho YE, Park JH. Downregulation of NOP53 Ribosome Biogenesis Factor Leads to Abnormal Nuclear Division and Chromosomal Instability in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:453-459. [PMID: 30421090 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NOP53 ribosome biogenesis factor (NOP53) is a nucleolar protein involved in oncogenesis/tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and cell death. Here, we investigated the role of NOP53 in the maintenance of normal nuclear shape and chromosomal stability. Depletion of NOP53 by shRNA caused abnormal nuclear morphology, including large nucleus, irregular nucleus, and multinucleated cells, and chromosomal instability resulting in micronucleus or nuclear bud formation. The abnormal nuclear shape and chromosomal instability were restored by re-expression of NOP53. We further showed that NOP53 was involved in chromosome congression in metaphase. Downregulation of NOP53 induced aberrant chromosome congression and spindle checkpoint activation, resulting in delayed mitosis and mitotic arrest. Thus, our findings demonstrated that the nucleolar protein NOP53 participated in mitotic progression and that dysregulated NOP53 expression caused chromosomal instability in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - Jee-Youn Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea.
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Kim HY, Lee YJ, Han BH, Yoon JJ, Ahn YM, Hong MH, Tan R, Kang DG, Lee HS. Mantidis ootheca induces vascular relaxation through PI3K/AKT-mediated nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G signaling in endothelial cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:215-221. [PMID: 28614771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mantidis ootheca (Sang Piao Xiao) is well known mantis eggs in a foamy pouch. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying cellular mechanisms of the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing property of the aqueous extract of Mantidis ootheca (AMO) in rat aorta and vascular endothelial cells. AMO was examined for its vascular relaxant effect in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat thoracic aortic rings. The roles of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the AMO-induced effects were tested in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC treated with AMO produced higher amount of NO compared to control. However, AMO-induced increases in NO production were blocked by pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or wortmannin. AMO increased in phosphorylation levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt in HUVECs, which were attenuated by a NOS and Akt inhibitors. In aortic ring, AMO-induced dose-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted aorta was abolished by removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment with L-NAME, 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-alpha]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), and KT5823 inhibited the AMO-induced vasorelaxation. Similarly, wortmannin and LY-294002, an inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an upstream signaling molecule of eNOS, attenuated the AMO-induced vasorelaxation. Moreover, AMO-induced increases in cGMP production were blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. The vasorelaxant effect of AMO was attenuated by tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, and glibenclamide. We conclude that AMO relaxed vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt-mediated NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and possible involvement of K+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
| | - B H Han
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
| | - J J Yoon
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
| | - Y M Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
| | - M H Hong
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
- Department of Food Industry Convergence, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
| | - R Tan
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
| | - D G Kang
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea
- Department of Food Industry Convergence, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Ikson, Korea.
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Cho CH, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Jeon HJ, Cha B, Moon E, Park DY, Baek JH, Kang HJ, Ryu V, An H, Lee HJ. Design and Methods of the Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium (MDCRC) Study. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:100-106. [PMID: 28096882 PMCID: PMC5240466 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium (MDCRC) study is designed as a naturalistic observational prospective cohort study for early-onset mood disorders (major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders type 1 and 2) in South Korea. The study subjects consist of two populations: 1) patients with mood disorders under 25 years old and 2) patients with mood disorders within 2 years of treatment under 35 years old. After successful screening, the subjects are evaluated using baseline assessments and serial follow-up assessments at 3-month intervals. Between the follow-up assessments, subjects are dictated to check their own daily mood status before bedtime using the eMood chart application or a paper mood diary. At the regular visits every 3 months, inter-visit assessments are evaluated based on daily mood charts and interviews with patients. In addition to the daily mood chart, sleep quality, inter-visit major and minor mood episodes, stressful life events, and medical usage pattern with medical expenses are also assessed. Genomic DNA from blood is obtained for genomic analyses. From the MDCRC study, the clinical course, prognosis, and related factors of early-onset mood disorders can be clarified. The MDCRC is also able to facilitate translational research for mood disorders and provide a resource for the convergence study of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vin Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jeon HJ, Baek JH, Ahn YM, Kim SJ, Ha TH, Cha B, Moon E, Kang HJ, Ryu V, Cho CH, Heo JY, Kim K, Lee HJ. Review of Cohort Studies for Mood Disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:265-76. [PMID: 27247592 PMCID: PMC4878960 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to review currently available cohort studies of subjects with mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Using the PubMed and KoreaMed databases, we reviewed eight major cohort studies. Most studies recruited participants with MDD and BD separately, so direct comparison of factors associated with diagnostic changes was difficult. Regular and frequent follow-up evaluations utilizing objective mood ratings and standardized evaluation methods in a naturalistic fashion are necessary to determine detailed clinical courses of mood disorders. Further, biological samples should also be collected to incorporate clinical findings in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. An innovative cohort study that can serve as a platform for translational research for treatment and prevention of mood disorders is critical in determining clinical, psychosocial, neurobiological and genetic factors associated with long-term courses and consequences of mood disorders in Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, and Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vin Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Heo
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim B, Ahn JH, Cha B, Chung YC, Ha TH, Hong Jeong S, Jung HY, Ju G, Kim EY, Kim JM, Kim MD, Kim MH, Kim SI, Lee KU, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Moon E, Ahn YM. Characteristics of methods of suicide attempts in Korea: Korea National Suicide Survey (KNSS). J Affect Disord 2015; 188:218-25. [PMID: 26368946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the method used for a suicide attempt is an important determinant of outcome, these methods should be explored. The present study was a nationwide investigation of suicide attempts and the characteristics of suicidal behavior. AIMS To compare the suicide methods used in attempted suicides with those used in completed suicides and to examine the factors associated with each phenomenon. METHODS The present study reviewed the medical charts of subjects who had attempted suicide and subsequently visited the emergency rooms of 17 medical centers from May 1, 2013 to November 7, 2013. All subjects completed a full psychiatric interview conducted by trained psychiatric residents. Suicide-attempt methods were divided into the following six categories: drug poisoning, pesticide poisoning, gassing, cutting, hanging, and others. The associations among demographic variables, related psychiatric variables, and suicide-attempt methods were analyzed using a multinomial regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 1359 suicide attempts or instrumental suicide-related behaviors with/without injuries and the 14,160 completed suicides, drug poisoning and cutting were the most common suicidal behaviors with/without injuries, but they were the least frequent method of completed suicides. In contrast, hanging and jumping from a height were less common among failed suicide attempts but resulted in a higher percentage of fatalities. Being male, age, and area of residence were associated with pesticide poisoning, whereas previous suicide attempts were associated with cutting, pesticide poisoning, and gassing. CONCLUSION A previous suicide attempt is a risk factor for suicide; thus, assessing the characteristics of suicide attempts or instrumental suicide-related behaviors with/without injuries is necessary to prevent these attempts. The present findings showed that the methods of suicide used by individuals who only attempted suicide differed from those used by individuals who completed. Of the suicide methods, pesticide poisoning was related to age, residential area (urban), and a history of previous suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National Univeristy Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Gawon Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, Chunbuk National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Doo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo In Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Korean Association for Suicide Prevention, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Jung SH, Yoon JS, Ahn YM, Kim YS, Kim CE. Influencing Factors and Predictors of Early Response in Schizophrenia Patients Receiving the Paliperidone Extended-Release Tablets (Paliperidone ER). Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:407-16. [PMID: 24474991 PMCID: PMC3902160 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.4.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paliperidone extended-release tablet (paliperidone ER) is a new oral psychotropic agent developed for schizophrenia treatment. There have been some studies about paliperidone's good efficacy and tolerability. Clinicians appear to change the antipsychotic medication to paliperidone ER. However, it is not known what patients are favorable responsive to paliperidone ER. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of early responders and investigate predictors of acute response when the medications changed to paliperidone ER. METHODS Data were analyzed from schizophrenic patients who participated in a multi-center, open-label, non-comparative clinical trial. Total 320 patients were examined in this study. Sociodemographic, psychopathology, social function and metabolic data were evaluated. Unpaired t-test for continuous and χ(2) for categorical data, respectively, were used to compare early responder and non-responders. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a prediction model. RESULTS 38.7% of study subjects (124 of 320) responded to paliperidone ER treatment. Logistic regression analysis showed that a good paliperidone ER response was more likely when patients were social drinkers, when patients had started medication at inpatient, when negative symptoms were less severe, and when patients' social relationship and self-care were better. CONCLUSION Early response to paliperidone ER treatment is associated with less negative symptoms and good social relationships and self-care. Strategies to reduce these symptoms may contribute to early response to paliperidone ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Eung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Chue P, Malla A, Bouchard RH, Lessard S, Ganesan S, Stip E, Johnson S, Chen E, Ahn YM, Kim YS, Robinson G, Schweikert C, Gendron A, Eriksson H. The long-term clinical benefit and effectiveness of switching to once-daily quetiapine extended release in patients with schizophrenia. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:227-39. [PMID: 23281876 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2012.762903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term clinical benefit and effectiveness of switching to once-daily quetiapine extended release (XR) from an oral antipsychotic in patients with schizophrenia. Reasons for switching included insufficient efficacy, tolerability, and/or non-acceptability. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving an improvement in Clinical Global Impression - Clinical Benefit (CGI-CB) scale scores. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 24-week, international, multicentre, open-label, prospective study ( www.clinicaltrials.gov : NCT00640601). After a 7-14 day enrolment period (depending whether prior antipsychotic mono- or combination therapy), all patients received quetiapine XR 300 mg once daily (day 1), 600 mg/day (day 2), 600-800 mg/day (day 3) and 400-800 mg/day thereafter, with down-titration and discontinuation of prior antipsychotic by day 4. RESULTS A total of 62% of patients completed the study and 56.9% (LOCF, ITT) achieved a significant improvement in CGI-CB (95% CI [0.51, 0.63]; p = 0.02). Switches due to insufficient efficacy showed a significant improvement (60%, 95% CI [0.51, 0.68]; p = 0.02), compared to 54.4% ([0.44, 0.64]; p = 0.38) and 52.4% ([0.36, 0.68]; p = 0.76) of switches due to insufficient tolerability and non-acceptability respectively (both p = ns). Patients previously on olanzapine and quetiapine IR showed a significant improvement in CGI-CB (62.6% [p = 0.02] and 61.2% [p = 0.04], respectively). Somnolence (18.0%) and dizziness (14.6%) were the main adverse events. Anticholinergic use decreased from 7.1 to 2.7%. Overall mean weight gain was 0.4 kg; 12.9% of patients experienced a weight gain of ≥7% and 15% experienced a clinically relevant shift in triglycerides from baseline. CONCLUSIONS A majority of patients switched from other antipsychotics to quetiapine XR experienced clinical benefit. This was supported by all other efficacy outcomes regardless of the reason for switching. Safety data confirmed quetiapine XR was safe and well tolerated. The open-label design and lack of a placebo group represent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chue
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 9942-108 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2J5, Canada.
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14
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Kim SW, Yoon JS, Kim YS, Ahn YM, Kim CE, Go HJ, Chee IS, Jung SW, Chung YC, Kim YD, Joe S, Lee J, Kwon YJ, Yoon BH, Jae YM. The effect of paliperidone extended release on subjective well-being and responses in patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:228-35. [PMID: 22516251 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the subjective well-being and attitudes toward antipsychotic medication of patients with schizophrenia who had switched to paliperidone extended release (ER). METHODS A total of 291 patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics participated in this open-label, 24-week switching study. The primary outcome measures were the Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale-short version (SWN-K) and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI). The Krawiecka scale, Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH), Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) were used to evaluate psychopathology and psychosocial functioning, respectively. RESULTS Data from a total of 243 subjects who received the study medication and had at least one follow-up assessment without a major protocol violation were analyzed. Scores on the DAI and SWN-K showed significant improvement between baseline and end-point measurements beginning during the second week. Scores on the Krawiecka scale, all five subscales of the CGI-SCH scale, and the PSP scale were also significantly improved at the end point compared with the baseline. Significant predictors of improvements in the SWN-K and DAI after a switch to paliperidone ER were baseline scores, reductions in scores on the Krawiecka scale, and previous risperidone use. A clinically relevant increase in body weight (≥7% weight gain) occurred in one-fourth of the participants who completed the 24-week study. CONCLUSION Switching to paliperidone ER improved the subjective well-being and attitudes towards antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia. Exploratory analyses revealed that these improvements were particularly pronounced in patients who had been treated with risperidone before treatment with paliperidone ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim EY, Kim SH, Lee NY, Jung DC, Kim YS, Ahn YM. Relationship between prolactin levels and subjective endocrine-related adverse effects in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term treatment with amisulpride. Pharmacopsychiatry 2012; 45:57-63. [PMID: 22411694 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have investigated the categorical prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and examined the relationship between prolactin levels and subjective endocrine-related adverse effects in schizophrenia patients treated with amisulpride during a 1-year period. METHODS A total of 111 patients with schizophrenia who were either started on or switched to amisulpride were assessed for prolactin levels and endocrine-related adverse effects using 6 items derived from the Liverpool University neuroleptic side-effect rating scale (LUNSERS) at baseline, 8 weeks, and 1 year. RESULTS 10 were antipsychotic-naïve, 23 were antipsychotic free for 1 month, 54 discontinued their medication during 1 month prior to study, and 24 maintained their antipsychotics at baseline. At 1 year, hyperprolactinemia was found in 75.9% of men and 85.7% of women. Significant increases in mean prolactin levels at week 8 in both sexes were found; this was followed by a significant decrease over 1 year only in women. The proportions of both sexes with hyperprolactinemia increased from baseline to week 8 but remained unchanged at 1 year. Scores on the endocrine-related items of the LUNSERS improved significantly from baseline to week 8 in both sexes and then remained consistent during maintenance treatment. Prolactin levels were significantly higher in the group with baseline hyperprolactinemia than in the group without baseline hyperprolactinemia at all assessment points. CONCLUSIONS Amisulpride commonly induces hyperprolactinemia. Although the percentage of patients with hyperprolactinemia remained unchanged during maintenance treatment, serum prolactin levels significantly decreased among women. Self-reported endocrine-related side effects were not associated with prolactin elevation during amisulpride treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bae HJ, Song JH, Noh JH, Kim JK, Jung KH, Eun JW, Xie HJ, Ryu JC, Ahn YM, Kim SY, Lee SH, Yoo NJ, Lee JY, Park WS, Nam SW. Low frequency mutation of the Ephrin receptor A3 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Neoplasma 2009; 56:331-4. [PMID: 19469653 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2009_04_331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
EphA3 is a component of the Eph/ephrin tyrosine kinase system, which participates in vasculature development. This receptor/ligand system is associated with various signaling pathways related to cell growth and viability, cytoskeletal organization, cell migration, and anti-apoptosis. Accumulated evidence suggests that aberrant regulation of EphA3 and its genetic alterations are implicated in the development and progression of various cancers. However, despite a high incidence of EphA3 over-expression, no such investigation has been performed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, we investigated genetic alterations of the EphA3 gene in 73 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma by single-strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing. One novel D219V missense mutation was found in the extracellular domain of EphA3, and two genetic alterations in the intracellular sterile-alpha-motif (SAM) domain of EphA3 appeared to be polymorphisms. Although the functional assessments of this mutant are incomplete, it is believed that this novel EphA3 mutation may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Bae
- Department of Pathology, Microdissection Genomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Joo EJ, Lee KY, Jeong SH, Roh MS, Kim SH, Ahn YM, Kim YS. AKT1 Gene Polymorphisms and Obstetric Complications in the Patients with Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6:102-7. [PMID: 20046382 PMCID: PMC2796044 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2009.6.2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a genetic association study with schizophrenic patients to investigate whether the V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) gene plays a role in obstetric complications. METHODS One-hundred-eighty patients with schizophrenia (male, 113; female, 67) were included. All patients fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Obstetric complications were measured by the Lewis scale. Prenatal and perinatal information was retrospectively collected from the patients' mothers. We selected six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the AKT1 gene: SNP1 (rs3803300), SNP2 (rs1130214), SNP3 (rs3730358), SNP4 (rs 1130233), SNP5 (rs2494732), and SNPA (rs2498804). The genotype data were analyzed for an association with the Lewis total score in terms of allele, genotype, and haplotype distribution. RESULTS The mean total Lewis scores were 1.30+/-1.61 for males and 1.54+/-1.87 for females. Higher total score tended to be correlated with an earlier age of onset of schizophrenia in females. In the total sample, no SNP was associated with obstetric complications. However, the additional analyses for male and female subgroups found a significant association between SNPA and SNP4 and Lewis score in females (p=0.02 for SNPA, p=0.04 for SNP4). The SNP5-SNPA haplotype showed a positive association with obstetric complications (p=0.03) in the female patient group. CONCLUSION We found an association between SNPs in the AKT1 gene and total Lewis score measuring obstetric complications in female patients with schizophrenia. Because these findings did not survive a correction for multiple testing, the significance should be interpreted carefully and replication studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daegeon, Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daegeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Myoung-Sun Roh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Xie HJ, Bae HJ, Noh JH, Eun JW, Kim JK, Jung KH, Ryu JC, Ahn YM, Kim SY, Lee SH, Yoo NJ, Lee JY, Park WS, Nam SW. Mutational analysis of JAK1 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Neoplasma 2009; 56:136-40. [PMID: 19239328 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2009_02_136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The <em>Janus kinase 1</em> (JAK1) gene encodes a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is noncovalently associated with a variety of cytokine receptors and plays a nonredundant role in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The mutated forms of JAK1 often altered the activation of JAK1 and then changed the activation of JAK1/STAT pathways, and this may contribute to cancer development and progression. Thus, to investigate whether genetic mutations of JAK1 gene are associated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, we analyzed genetic alterations of JAK1 gene in 84 human HCCs by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing. Of 24 exons of JAK1 gene, 12 exons were previously reported to have mutations, we searched genetic alteration of JAK1 in these exons. Overall, one missense mutation (1.2%) was found. In addition, 12 cases (14%) were found to have single nucleotide polymorphism (14%) in exon 14. Taken together, we found one novel missense mutation of JAK1 gene in hepatocellular carcinomas with some polymorphisms. Although the functional assessment of this novel mutant remains to be completed, JAK1 mutation may contribute to the tumor development in liver cancer. KEYWORDS JAK1 gene, hepatocellular carcinoma, mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Xie
- Department of Pathology, Microdisection Genomic Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim Y, Seo M, Lee YI, Kim SY, Cho EA, Kim SH, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Kim YS, Juhnn YS. Interaction between Neuronal Depolarization and MK-801 in SH-SY5Y Cells and the Rat Cortex. Psychiatry Investig 2008; 5:94-101. [PMID: 20046351 PMCID: PMC2796014 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2008.5.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interaction between MK-801, a model of psychosis and KCl-induced depolarization or electroconvulsive shock (ECS), a therapeutic model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), was investigated in SH-SY5Y cells and the rat frontal cortex. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with 1 microM MK-801 for 15 min, followed by cotreatment with 100 mM KCl for 5 min. MK-801 was reintroduced after the KCl was washed out, and the samples were incubated before harvesting. For the experiments in rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with MK-801 followed by ECS. Immunoblot analyses of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) (Ser9), AKT (Ser473) and extracellular legulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in SH-SY5Y cells and the rat frontal cortex were performed. RESULTS KCl-induced neuronal depolarization resulted in the transient dephosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and GSK3beta (Ser9), followed by increased phosphorylation of the enzymes in SH-SY5Y cells. Cotreatment with MK-801 and KCl inhibited the initial dephosphorylation of AKT and GSK3beta produced by KCl-induced neuronal depolarization. Similarly, ECS resulted in the transient dephosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and GSK3beta (Ser9), whereas cotreatment with MK-801 inhibited the initial dephosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and GSK3beta (Ser9) produced by ECS in the rat frontal cortex. No significant interaction was observed between MK-801 and KCl in the dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. CONCLUSION These results suggest that an antagonistic interplay between MK-801 and neuronal depolarization by KCl or ECS is involved the regulation of AKT (Ser473) and GSK3beta (Ser9) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miran Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ung-Gu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Juhnn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Joo EJ, Lee KY, Jeong SH, Chang JS, Ahn YM, Koo YJ, Kim YS. Dysbindin gene variants are associated with bipolar I disorder in a Korean population. Neurosci Lett 2007; 418:272-5. [PMID: 17433541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) has been associated with schizophrenia in several populations. Because the clinical characteristics of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder overlap in many respects and findings from genetic studies have suggested common genes between them, we conducted a case control association study of bipolar disorder in Korea to investigate the genetic association between DTNBP1 and bipolar disorder. In total, 163 patients with bipolar disorder and 350 controls were evaluated. We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms of DTNBP1 (SNP A, P1763, and P1320) and analyzed the allele, genotype, and haplotype associations with bipolar disorder. We found significant genotypic associations with P1763 and P1320, but no association with SNP A in the bipolar I group. When we included bipolar II and schizoaffective disorder in the affected phenotype, the significance decreased. A positive association was observed between the SNP A-P1763 haplotype and the bipolar I phenotype. This haplotype association was lost when we either broadened our phenotype or included P1320 in a haplotype. The positive results of the present study lost significance after a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. These findings are consistent with previous findings that showed a positive association of DTNBP1 with bipolar disorders. Moreover, our results suggest that DTNBP1 may contribute more to bipolar I disorder than bipolar II disorder or schizoaffective disorder. Further comprehensive studies will be required to clarify these association, however, it seems likely that DTNBP1 is a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahn YM, Kim YJ, Park H, Park B, Lee H. Prenatal Vitamin C Status is Associated with Placental Apoptosis in Normal-term Human Pregnancies. Placenta 2007; 28:31-8. [PMID: 16564088 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 01/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Deficiencies in antioxidants during pregnancy and placental oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may impair the development of the fetoplacental unit or the eventual offspring. In order to elucidate the association of prenatal status of vitamin C with the oxidative stress and apoptotic activity in normal full-term placentas, we evaluated the content of placental lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and the trophoblast apoptotic index in normal-term human pregnancies. Tissue samples of placentas obtained from 80 normal-term pregnancies were categorized into 40 cases with a lower level of prenatal vitamin C (< 8.997 microg/ml) and 40 cases with a higher level of prenatal vitamin C (> or =11.734 microg/ml). We evaluated the placental LOX-1 content and the trophoblast apoptotic index with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, and then determined their correlation with the prenatal status of vitamin C. We confirmed that the trophoblast expression for the endothelial scavenger receptor LOX-1 and the apoptotic activity were significantly lower in the group with a higher prenatal level of vitamin C, indicating that placental oxidative stress and the apoptotic index were associated with the maternal status of vitamin C. We therefore postulate that the maternal status of antioxidant vitamins during pregnancy can affect fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University Medical College, and Medical Research Center, Mok 6 Dong, Yangcheon Gu, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
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Joo EJ, Lee KY, Jeong SH, Ahn YM, Koo YJ, Kim YS. The dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia: No support for an association in the Korean population. Neurosci Lett 2006; 407:101-6. [PMID: 16959423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) is located in chromosome 6p22.3, one of the regions of positive linkage for schizophrenia. A strong genetic association between DTNBP1 and schizophrenia has been replicated through many recent studies. In particular, dysbindin protein has been found to play a role in the glutamate neural transmission in the brain. In this study, we attempted to replicate the previously reported positive association between DTNBP1 and schizophrenia in the Korean population. Our sample included 194 patients with schizophrenia based on DSM-IV and 351 normal controls. We genotyped five SNPs including SNP A in promoter region of DTNBP1. The allele and genotype association were analyzed and the simulated haplotype was investigated as well. As the result, we could not find a significant association of DTNBP1 with schizophrenia in this Korean sample. Additional analysis of the subgroup of schizophrenia having familial loading of major psychiatric disorders did not show association, either. In summary, DTNBP1 is not likely to be a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in this Korean population. This result of no association also implies possible genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Further studies with more dense SNPs of the whole gene sequence for various populations will be necessary to understand the genetic contribution of DTNBP1 for the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, 280-1 Hagye-1-Dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-711, South Korea
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Seo M, Kim Y, Lee YI, Kim SY, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Roh MS, Kim YS, Juhnn YS. Membrane depolarization stimulates the proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by increasing retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation through the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). Neurosci Lett 2006; 404:87-92. [PMID: 16824683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane depolarization causes transmembrane ionic influxes that induce various gene expressions, and is involved in the processes of neuronal differentiation and apoptosis. However, the effect of membrane depolarization on neuronal proliferation has not been established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of membrane depolarization on the proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Membrane depolarization induced by 50 mM KCl for 5 min significantly increased SH-SY5Y cell numbers and thymidine incorporation at 24 h after depolarization, and increased the phosphorylation and expression of retinoblastoma protein (RB), the activity of Cdk2 (without changing the activities of Cdk4 and Cdk6), and the expressions of cyclin A and cyclin E. Single and repeated depolarization (once a day for 6 days) had similar effects on RB, Cdks, and cyclins levels and activities. In summary, our results suggest that membrane depolarization may stimulate cellular proliferation by augmenting the expression of cyclin E leading to increases in Cdk2 activity and RB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee KY, Ahn YM, Joo EJ, Chang JS, Kim YS. The association of DUSP6 gene with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: its possible role in the development of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:425-6. [PMID: 16491131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Joo EJ, Jeong SH, Ahn YM, Lee KY, Chang Yoon S, Kim EJ, Kim SU, Cho SC, Sik Kim Y. No association found between 158 Val/Met polymorphism of the COMT gene and schizophrenia with minor physical anomalies. Psychiatry Res 2005; 136:83-91. [PMID: 16109444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene has been a promising candidate in genetic research on schizophrenia because of its function in dopamine metabolism and its location on chromosome 22q11.2, which may be implicated in both schizophrenia and velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). To explore the possible genetic contribution of COMT to the development of schizophrenia, we focused on the subgroup of patients with schizophrenia characterized by minor physical anomalies as a phenotype and the 158 Val/Met polymorphism as a genotype. Since some physical anomalies are found in both schizophrenia and VCFS, schizophrenia patients with minor physical anomalies could represent the putative subgroup of schizophrenia linked to a disruption in neurodevelopment. Genotyping for the 158 Val/Met (472 G>A) polymorphism in the COMT gene was done for 239 patients with schizophrenia and 248 normal controls. Our analysis did not yield any significant between-group differences in terms of either allele or genotype frequency. We also could not find any association between the COMT gene and the schizophrenia subgroup with minor physical anomalies, although there was a significant difference in Waldrop total scores between the patients with schizophrenia and the normal controls. Analyses of subgroups based on other clinical variables also did not reveal significant differences. Overall, this study does not support the hypothesis that the 158 Val/Met polymorphism in the COMT gene is associated with schizophrenia in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daegeon, South Korea
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Lee H, Park H, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Ahn YM, Park B, Park JH, Lee BE. Expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in human preeclamptic placenta: possible implications in the process of trophoblast apoptosis. Placenta 2005; 26:226-33. [PMID: 15708124 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) was originally identified as a receptor for oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein. It has been reported that oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia play important roles in the etiology of preeclampsia, and that placental oxidative stress may stimulate syncytiotrophoblast apoptosis in preeclampsia. In this study, we examined the expression of LOX-1 in the human placentas of normal pregnancies and in preeclampsia using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, and proposed that LOX-1 has a role in trophoblast apoptosis. To analyze apoptotic activity, the expression of the specific caspase cleavage site within cytokeratin 18 was assessed immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody M30 CytoDeath. Both LOX-1 and M30 immunoreactivity occurred predominantly in syncytiotrophoblasts. A significantly higher number of LOX-1 and M30-positive cells were found in preeclamptic placentas than in normal placentas. The number of M30-positive cells correlated with the apoptotic index of trophoblasts determined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Syncytiotrophoblasts showing apoptotic activity were immunopositive to LOX-1 by double immunohistochemical fluorescence. We suggest that the functional role of syncytiotrophoblasts in placental dysfunction results from the localization and upregulation of LOX-1 in the preeclamptic placenta, possible implications in upregulation of syncytiotrophoblast apoptotic activity in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University Medical College, Republic of Korea.
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Park JR, Moon S, Ahn YM, Kim JY, Nam K. Determination of environmental factors influencing methane oxidation in a sandy landfill cover soil. Environ Technol 2005; 26:93-102. [PMID: 15747604 DOI: 10.1080/09593332608618586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is advantageous to use coarse soils as landfill cover because they allow better aeration of the biologically active zone. In this study, therefore, patterns of methane oxidation were investigated under various environmental conditions including soil moisture content, temperature, and the addition of NH4+ in a sandy landfill cover soil. The kinetics of CH4 oxidation was also studied at different moisture contents and temperatures. Soil moisture content of 10% (wt/wt) resulted in the maximum CH4 oxidation rate (19.2-22.4 nmol gsoil DW(-1) min(-1)). A Vmax value was not significantly different when the moisture content was more than 10%, but a Km value increased from 5.23 to 75.24 microM as the moisture content increased. The ratio of Vmax to Km was the highest at 10% moisture content. The CH4 oxidation rate increased as the incubation temperature increased, and Q10 values and optimum temperature were determined to be 2.57-2.69 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Both Vmax and Km values decreased at the temperatures below and above 30 degrees C. The addition of various levels of NH4+ resulted in increased or decreased CH4 oxidation rates, however, the initiation of appreciable CH4 oxidation was delayed with increasing amounts of NH4+ application in all samples tested. Among the environmental variables tested, moisture content control seems to be the most important and an efficient means of managing methane oxidation when sandy soils are used in landfill cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Park
- School of Civil, Urban & Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, The Republic of Korea
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Kim Y, Seo MS, Kang UG, Yoon SC, Ahn YM, Kim YS, Juhnn YS. Activation of Cdk2-pRB-E2F1 cell cycle pathway by repeated electroconvulsive shock in the rat frontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57:107-9. [PMID: 15607308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports indicate that repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induces cortical cell proliferation, suggesting the possibility that ECS may activate cell cycle progression in the rat brain cortex. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200g) were divided into four treatment groups and then given sham treatment or ECS treatment for 1, 5, and 10 days, respectively. The activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), phosphorylation, and total protein amount of cyclin D1, cyclin E, pocket retinoblastoma family of protein (pRB), and E2F1 were analyzed in the rat cerebral cortex. RESULTS The activity of Cdk2, the protein amount of pRB, Ser795 phosphorylation of pRB, and the protein amount of E2F1 were all increased compared with the sham-treated control subjects, and these increases were enhanced with the increasing number of ECS. In contrast, the protein amounts of Cdk2, cyclin D1, and cyclin E were not changed by repeated ECS. CONCLUSIONS The Cdk2-pRB-E2F1 cell cycle pathway is activated by repeated ECS in the rat frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute for Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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Jung HY, Kim JH, Ahn YM, Kim SC, Hwang SS, Kim YS. Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS) as a subjective measure of drug-induced parkinsonism and akathisia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2005; 20:41-5. [PMID: 15565639 DOI: 10.1002/hup.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side-Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS) was examined for its usefulness as a subjective measure of drug-induced parkinsonism and akathisia. Eighty-three subjects were assessed using the LUNSERS, the Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), before and after a 6-week treatment with olanzapine. Significant correlations were found between the changes in scores of parkinsonism items of LUNSERS and SAS. The changes in scores of akathisia item (restlessness), extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) subscale and psychic side-effects subscale of LUNSERS were significantly correlated with those of the BARS. 'Shakiness', one item of the EPS subscale of LUNSERS, correctly classified between parkinsonism and non-parkinsonism groups with 81.0% accuracy. A combination of four items included in EPS and psychic side-effect subscales of LUNSERS identified akathisia and non-akathisia groups with 76.2% accuracy. These results suggest that the EPS and psychic side-effect subscales of LUNSERS may be useful in screening for drug-induced parkinsonism and akathisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hong SJ, Lee MS, Sohn MH, Shim JY, Han YS, Park KS, Ahn YM, Son BK, Lee HB. Self-reported prevalence and risk factors of asthma among Korean adolescents: 5-year follow-up study, 1995-2000. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1556-62. [PMID: 15479270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires have shown that the prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide. Although Asian countries used to have lower prevalence rates of allergic disease than Western countries, this prevalence is increasing in several Asian countries. To determine whether the prevalence of childhood asthma is changing in Korean adolescents, we compared findings from nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1995 and 2000 on populations of middle-school children using the Korean version of the ISAAC questionnaire. METHODS We developed Korean versions of the ISAAC written (WQ) and video (AVQ) questionnaires for allergic diseases. In 1995, the enrolled population consisted of 15,481 children, ages 12-15, and encompassing all three grades in middle school, selected from 34 schools across the nation; the response rate was 97.3%. In 2000, 15,894 children were selected from 31 of the same schools, and the response rate was 96.4%. The SAS system version 8.0 was utilized for all statistical analyses. RESULTS The WQ showed that the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of wheeze did not change from 1995 to 2000. While the 12-month prevalence rates of sleep disturbed by wheezing and night cough increased, the rates of severe attack of wheezing and exercise-induced wheeze did not change, over this period of time. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis, however, increased significantly, from 2.7% in 1995 to 5.3% in 2000, as did the 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment, from 1.0% in 1995 to 1.9% in 2000. The AVQ also showed increases in the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of wheeze at rest, exercise-induced wheeze, nocturnal wheeze, nocturnal cough, and severe wheeze over this period of time. These were especially because of significant increases in the Provincial cities of Korea. Interestingly, the 12-month prevalence of wheeze was consistently high in Cheju with low air pollution indices, whereas this rate was low in Ulsan and Ansan with very high air pollution indices. Risk factor analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat, but not air pollution, were associated with higher risk of wheeze. CONCLUSIONS In the 5-year period from 1995 to 2000, the prevalence of asthma symptoms has increased in Korean adolescents, much of it because of increases in Provincial Centers. BMI, passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat are important risk factors. Environmental factors other than air pollution may be associated with increases in asthma, especially in Provincial Centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
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Chung SJ, Jeong SH, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Koo YJ, Ha JH, Lee SG, Kim YS. A retrospective study of clozapine and electroencephalographic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002; 26:139-44. [PMID: 11853104 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the incidence and nature of clozapine-associated electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities and the relationship between EEG abnormality and clozapine dosage in Korean schizophrenic patients. Fifty schizophrenic patients with normal baseline EEG and with additional EEG record examined during clozapine treatment more than once were included. Thirty-one patients (62%) showed abnormal EEGs after clozapine treatment, and two of them had seizures. The majority of EEG abnormalities presented as nonspecific slow waves (SW). Spikes (or spike and wave complexes; SP) and frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) were relatively rarely observed. The probability of EEG abnormality was linearly dependent on the daily dose of clozapine and patient's age. Our results can be summarized as follows: (1) a substantial proportion of Korean patients treated with clozapine develops EEG abnormalities, and its incidence is comparable to the published results in Caucasian patients; (2) EEG abnormalities occurred in a dose-dependent manner; and (3) the occurrence of EEG abnormalities did not necessarily lead to future seizure development, except in a small number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Chung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, South Korea
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Yoon HR, Hahn SH, Ahn YM, Jang SH, Shin YJ, Lee EH, Ryu KH, Eun BL, Rinaldo P, Yamaguchi S. Therapeutic trial in the first three Asian cases of ethylmalonic encephalopathy: response to riboflavin. J Inherit Metab Dis 2001; 24:870-3. [PMID: 11916321 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013948409790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three Korean girls with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, the first Asian cases, were identified. In all three cases, we observed slight improvement in motor functions, cognitive behaviours and chronic mucoid diarrhoea after treatment with riboflavin and/or coenzyme Q10 treatment. The precise pathogenesis of ethylmalonic encephalopathy has not been fully elucidated, but riboflavin treatment may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Yoon
- Metabolic Disease Detection Laboratory, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Korea
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Jang IS, Kang UG, Kim YS, Ahn YM, Park JB, Juhnn YS. Isoform-specific changes of adenylate cyclase mRNA expression in rat brains following chronic electroconvulsive shock. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2001; 25:1571-81. [PMID: 11642655 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) has been reported to regulate the cAMP signaling system at various levels, suggesting that the cAMP system is involved in the therapeutic mechanism. 2. Chronic ECS has been suggested to change the expressions of adenylate cyclase (AC) genes, which constitute at least 9 families. However, little is known about its effect on the expression of AC. Therefore, to understand how chronic ECS alters the expression of AC genes in the brain, the authors analyzed the expression of 9 AC isoforms at the transcriptional level in rat hippocampus and cerebellum by quantitative RT-PCR following chronic ECS treatment. 3. Chronic ECS treatment was found to induce differential changes in the expression of AC isoforms in an isoform- and brain region-specific manner in the rat hippocampus and cerebellum. 4. Thus, it is concluded that chronic ECS induces differential changes in the expression of AC isoform mRNA in an isoform- and brain region-specific manner in the rat hippocampus and cerebellum. This suggests that the differential expression of AC isoforms might be an important mechanism by which chronic ECS treatment regulates the cAMP signaling system in rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Kang UG, Par KT, Ahn YM, Koo YJ, Yoon SC, Yi SH, Kim YS. Non-linear dynamic analysis of clozapine-induced electroencephalographic changes in schizophrenic patients--a preliminary study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2001; 25:1229-39. [PMID: 11474842 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. In order to find the electroencephalographic (EEG) parameters that reflect the effect of clozapine in schizophrenic patients, the authors applied various non-linear analyses on multi-channel EEG data drawn from patients before and after a therapeutic trial of clozapine. 2. The correlation dimension was difficult to extract from our limited time series EEG data and the authors did not find a meaningful association with clozapine use. The primary Lyapunov exponent could be reliably calculated but also did not reflect the effect of clozapine. 3. However, the mutual cross-prediction (MCP) algorithm showed potentially meaningful results. The driving system was shifted to the frontal channels after a 4-week trial with clozapine. Moreover, MCP might have a value as a predictor of treatment response. 4. Although preliminary in nature, the MCP might have greater power for interpreting complex changes from channel to channel in EEG induced by clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- U G Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
[reaction in text] An efficient method for removing ruthenium byproducts generated during olefin metathesis reactions with Grubbs catalysts is described. Treatment of the crude reaction products with triphenylphosphine oxide or dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by filtration through silica gel, was found to be a practical and effective method to remove colored ruthenium byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Ahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, USA
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Abstract
We present a 22-day-old infant with extensive subcutaneous calcifications due to subcutaneous fat necrosis caused by prolonged exposure to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kangnam General Hospital Public Corporation, 171-1 Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, South Korea
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Jeon SH, Oh SW, Kang UG, Ahn YM, Bae CD, Park JB, Kim YS. Electroconvulsive Shock Increases the Phosphorylation of Pyk2 in the Rat Hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:1026-30. [PMID: 11352655 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently we reported the activation MAPKs, MEK, and Rafs by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in the rat hippocampus. However, the upstream pathways for the activation of Raf-MEK-MAPK cascade after ECS have not been studied yet. Since the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and Src were reported to be involved in the activation of the MAPKs in neuronal cells, we examined tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Pyk2 in the rat hippocampus after ECS. ECS transiently increased the phosphorylation of Pyk2 at multiple tyrosine residues (Tyr-402, Tyr-580, and Tyr-881). The phosphorylations reached the peak at 1 min and returned to basal level by 10 min after ECS. At 1 min after ECS, the binding of Pyk2 to Src and Grb2, and of Grb2 to Ras increased. These results suggested that ECS activates Pyk2, which then transmits the signal to MAPK cascade via Src, Grb2, and Ras in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Ahn YM, Oh SW, Kang UG, Park J, Kim YS. An N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, preferentially reduces electroconvulsive shock-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2000; 296:101-4. [PMID: 11108991 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in the rat hippocampus, but the signaling pathways for this activation are not well understood. We investigated whether N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated signaling is involved in the phosphorylation-activation of the MAPK family. The NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, dose-dependently reduced ECS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and its upstream kinase MKK6 up to 1 mg/kg. MK-801 also reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MEK1, but only at high dosage, 2 mg/kg. Moreover, the reduction in the phosphorylation of p38 and MKK6 was greater than that of ERK1/2 and MEK1. Our results suggest that ECS activates p38 and ERK1/2 partly through an NMDA receptor-mediated signaling system in the rat hippocampus and that NMDA receptor mediated signaling is more responsible for the activation of the MKK6-p38 pathway than the MEK1-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji Hospital College of Medicine, Hagye-1 Dong, Nowon-Gu, 139-711, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular side effects of clozapine are not uncommon, but few systematic studies of these effects have been performed. In this study, we reviewed data on the electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in patients treated with clozapine. METHOD Sixty-one patients treated with clozapine were selected from the Seoul National University Hospital Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Clinic. A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify ECG abnormalities and cardiovascular side effects. RESULTS The prevalence of ECG abnormalities in patients who had been using antipsychotics other than clozapine was 13.6% at baseline, which increased significantly to 31.1% after commencement of clozapine treatment. Among the 53 patients without baseline ECG abnormalities, 13 showed new-onset ECG abnormalities after using clozapine. Normal ECG under previous antipsychotic medication reduced the risk of new-onset ECG abnormalities, whereas increased age was found to increase the risk. The occurrence of orthostatic hypotension or tachycardia was not related to the development of ECG abnormalities. Most of the newly developed abnormalities had little clinical significance, and they tended to occur during the initial phase of treatment. In 10 patients, ECGs normalized despite the continued use of clozapine. Clozapine increased corrected QT interval (QTc) in a dose-dependent fashion; however, the clinical significance of this observation is uncertain. Pathologic prolongation of QTc was found to be rare. CONCLUSION Although a substantial portion of patients treated with clozapine developed ECG abnormalities, most of the abnormalities were benign and did not hinder further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- U G Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Song HY, Shim TS, Kang SG, Jung GS, Lee DY, Kim TH, Park S, Ahn YM, Kim WS. Tracheobronchial strictures: treatment with a polyurethane-covered retrievable expandable nitinol stent--initial experience. Radiology 1999; 213:905-12. [PMID: 10580974 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.213.3.r99dc02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A polyurethane-covered retrievable expandable stent was placed in 13 patients with tracheobronchial strictures. In four patients with benign strictures, the stent was removed with use of a retrieval hook 2-6 months after placement. After stent removal, three of the four patients did not need further treatment. The retrievable stent warrants further investigation in the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Song
- Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea.
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Oh SW, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Kim YS, Park JB. Differential activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and p38 in rat hippocampus and cerebellum after electroconvulsive shock. Neurosci Lett 1999; 271:101-4. [PMID: 10477112 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an effective treatment for psychiatric diseases, has been reported to induce immediate-early genes (IEGs) and to activate p42 and p44 MAPKs (ERK-1 and ERK-2) in rat brain. In this study, we examined the activation of the other members of MAPK family, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38. Following ECS, the phosphorylation of p38 was substantially increased in both hippocampus and cerebellum, but the increase of JNK phosphorylation was observed only in hippocampus. We also investigated the phosphorylation of their upstream kinases, SEK-1, MKK6 and MKK3. In both hippocampus and cerebellum, the phosphorylation of MKK6 showed closer correlation with p38 phosphorylation than that of MKK3. However, SEK-1, known as upstream kinase of JNK and p38 in vitro, corresponded with none of MAPKs. These results, with previous reports on the activation of ERK, indicate that ECS activates three MAPKs differentially in rat hippocampus and cerebellum, and suggest the possibility that unknown MAPKK may be involved in the activation of JNK in rat brain after ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
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Jeon SH, Yoo BH, Kang UK, Ahn YM, Bae CD, Park JB, Kim YS. MKP-1 induced in rat brain after electroconvulsive shock is independent of regulation of 42- and 44-kDa MAPK activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 249:692-6. [PMID: 9731199 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) activates MAPKs in rat brain and also induces immediate early genes. We investigated whether ECS induces MKP-1, a specific MAPK phosphatase and an immediate early gene, for feedback regulation of MAPK activity. ECS induced MKP-1 in the cortex, but MAPK activity returned to its basal level before MKP-1 protein increased, within 10 min of ECS. MKP-1 protein amount peaked 1 hr after ECS. MKP-1 induced did not lower the basal level of MAPK activity or attenuate MAPK activation by second ECS. MAPK activation in cerebellum was very weak, but the MKP-1 induction was faster and more prominent than in the cortex. These results suggest that ECS induces MKP-1 in various rat brain regions, however, the induction may not be related to the activation of MAPK and the MKP-1 induced may be independent of the regulation of MAPK activity after ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Lee MH, Lee JH, Park CH, Ahn YM, Koh YY. Serum eosinophil cationic protein levels and bronchodilator responses at acute asthma exacerbation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 79:363-9. [PMID: 9357384 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein are an indirect measure of airway inflammation in asthma. It is proposed that the extent to which broncho-constriction or airway inflammation contributes to airflow obstruction in acute asthma may determine responsiveness to bronchodilator therapy. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that subjects with acute asthma exacerbations who respond poorly to inhaled bronchodilator treatment may have more marked airway inflammation than those who respond well to identical therapy. METHODS Forty-eight asthmatic children who visited the emergency room due to acute exacerbations were studied. Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein were measured at the time of acute exacerbations and of clinical remissions. At acute exacerbation, FEV1 was assessed before and after the administration of aerosolized salbutamol. RESULTS The mean serum level of eosinophil cationic protein at acute exacerbation (41.1 +/- 12.8 micrograms/L) was significantly higher (P < .01) than that at clinical remission (30.0 +/- 8.5 micrograms/L) in the study population. The level at acute exacerbation was even higher in group A (n = 18: postbronchodilator FEV1 < 75% predicted) than in group B (n = 30: postbronchodilator FEV1 > or = 75% predicted), whereas both groups showed similar levels at clinical remission. The level at acute exacerbation correlated positively with severity of exacerbation (r = .47, P < .01) and negatively with bronchodilator responses (r = -.56, P < .01). This negative correlation was valid among subjects with a similar degree of exacerbation. CONCLUSION A higher level of eosinophil cationic protein at acute asthma exacerbation was associated not only with more severe exacerbation but also with a lower degree of bronchodilator responsiveness. This suggests that degree of airway inflammation may be one determinant of degree of responsiveness to initial bronchodilator therapy at acute asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Korea
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Kim SJ, Kim LS, Kang MK, Ahn YM. Influence of preimplant experience with hearing aids on postimplant auditory perception. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1997; 52:299-301. [PMID: 9042511 DOI: 10.1159/000059025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea
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Ahn YM, Gray GR. Mechanism of anomerization of cyclohexyl 2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-2-(N-methylacetamido)-alpha- and beta-D-hexopyranosides under reductive-cleavage conditions. Carbohydr Res 1996; 296:215-27. [PMID: 9008850 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The fully methylated cyclohexyl glycosides of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha- and beta-D-hexopyranoses having the gluco, manno, and galacto configurations were each subjected to reductive-cleavage conditions using one of three promoters, namely trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, a mixture of trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate and boron trifluoride etherate, or boron trifluoride etherate alone. As expected, the fully methylated 1,2-trans-linked acetamido sugar derivatives were rapidly converted to their respective oxazolinium ions with all three promoters. Surprisingly, however, the fully methylated 1,2-cis-linked acetamido sugar derivatives were also converted to their respective oxazolinium ions, albeit at a much slower rate. In the latter case, evidence was obtained for anomerization to the 1,2-trans-linked isomers under reductive-cleavage conditions. Since the anomerization was relatively slow at room temperature in dichloromethane, a modified procedure was developed in which the reaction was carried out at 70 degrees C in 1,2-dichloroethane. Using the modified procedure, all 1,2-cis- and 1,2-trans-linked acetamido sugar derivatives were rapidly converted into their respective oxazolinium ions and subsequent quenching of the reactions with anhydrous methanol gave the respective 1,2-trans-linked methyl glycoside derivatives in quantitative yield. The modified procedure is recommended for the total reductive cleavage of polysaccharides comprised of acetamido sugar residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Jung HY, Kang UG, Ahn YM, Joo YH, Park JB, Kim YS. Induction of tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence (TIS) genes by electroconvulsive shock in rat brain. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40:503-7. [PMID: 8879470 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the induction of tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequences (TIS)1, 7, 8, 11, and 21 in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum after electroconvulsive shock (ECS). These genes were reported to be induced by depolarization in PC-12 cells. Single ECS induced TIS1, 8, 11, and 21, but not TIS7 genes in the rat brain regions examined. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, induction of TIS1, TIS8, and TIS21 reached peak at 30 or 45 min after ECS. The induced mRNA of TIS1 and 21 decreased rapidly and returned almost to the basal level by 90 min after ECS, whereas those of TIS8 and 11 lasted longer. In cerebellum, TIS genes were induced and disappeared more rapidly than in the other two regions. The 10 and 20 daily ECSs did not affect the inducibility of TIS1, 11, and 21 in cerebellum, but the induction of TIS8 was attenuated by 35% after 20 daily ECSs. Our study indicated that ECS could induce some of the TIS genes in various rat brain regions, but the induction patterns were different depending on the TIS genes and brain regions. Our study also suggested that chronic ECS could not attenuate the induction of some immediate early genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
Immunization to eliminate measles is recommended at 15 months of age with the option of giving vaccine at 6 to 9 months of age during measles outbreaks in Korea. Because of the recent resurgence of measles and concern about the possibility of reduced vaccine efficacy caused by genomic differences between vaccine virus and contemporary wild measles viruses, we conducted a measles vaccine efficacy study involving children with household exposure ages 1 to 5 years during measles outbreak that had occurred 1993 in Seoul and Seong-nam city, with the demographic analysis of patients brought to the hospitals. A total of 380 patients (M:F = 216:164) were included in this study. Two hundred nine cases (55.0%) occurred in children less than 5 years of age, and 167 (43.9%) were younger than 16 months of age. The recorded age-specific incidence rates showed bimodal patterns, i.e. highest peak in those below 16 months of age and second peak in those ages 6 to 9 years of age. Only 9.6% (16 of 167) of the measles cases less than 16 months, 59.5% (25 of 42) of those 16 months to 4 years and 91.8% (157 of 171) of the cases in school age children have been vaccinated. Attack rates among the 122 vaccinated siblings and 12 unvaccinated siblings ages 1 to 5 years who contacted measles were 5.7 and 75%, respectively, and the clinical vaccine efficacy was 92.4% (95% confidence interval, 83.6, 96.4). The high vaccine efficacy in household exposures suggests that measles outbreaks in Korea are not caused by reduced vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Englund JA, Piedra PA, Ahn YM, Gilbert BE, Hiatt P. High-dose, short-duration ribavirin aerosol therapy compared with standard ribavirin therapy in children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Pediatr 1994; 125:635-41. [PMID: 7931890 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection were examined prospectively in a randomized evaluation of standard ribavirin aerosol therapy (6 gm/300 ml water for 18 hours daily) compared with high-dose, short-duration ribavirin aerosol therapy (6 gm/100 ml water given for a period of 2 hours three times a day) by means of an oxygen hood (n = 20) or a ventilator (n = 12). Viral shedding was quantitated daily; clinical observations were recorded daily by 2 physicians aware and one unaware of treatment assignments. Study characteristics evaluated at entry were not significantly different in the high-dose and the standard-dose groups. Viral titers and clinical scores decreased similarly in both groups during the study; pulmonary function test results were also similar at discharge in children not receiving mechanical ventilation. Potential complications related to aerosol therapy were noted in three patients (one hood patient who was receiving standard therapy; two patients with an endotracheal tube in place who were receiving high-dose therapy); substantial crystallization was noted in the tubing of the patients undergoing intubation and receiving high-dose therapy. Environmental sampling revealed that ribavirin was nearly undetectable near patients supported by mechanical ventilation who were receiving either form of therapy, and was significantly decreased on a daily basis in patients without an endotracheal tube who were receiving high-dose therapy compared with those receiving standard therapy. The effects of high-dose, short-duration aerosol ribavirin therapy were similar to those of standard-dose therapy in our study patients and resulted in a decreased release of ribavirin into the room of patients receiving therapy by means of an oxygen hood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Englund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Lee YH, Ryu SH, Suh PG, Park JB, Ahn YM, Kim YS. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 induced by electroconvulsive shock in rat hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 194:665-70. [PMID: 7688221 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ECS has been shown to increase PIP2 breakdown in rat brain, which suggested the possible activation of PLC-signal transduction system by ECS. When we examined the PLC-gamma 1 immunoprecipitated from rat hippocampal tissues after ECS, we found a rapid increase in phosphotyrosine of PLC-gamma 1, which reached peak at 10 minutes after ECS and returned to basal level after 2 hours. There was no change in the amount of PLC-gamma 1 proteins during that period. The tyrosine phosphorylation induced by ECS didn't affect the enzyme activity when assayed in vitro. These results suggested that ECS may activate PLC-gamma 1 by phosphorylation on tyrosine residue, but without changing enzyme activity itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Department of Life Science, Pohang Institute of Technology, Korea
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