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Ma Y, Lin X, Chen Z, Li X, Lu S, Yan J. Influences of P-N-containing inhibitor and memory effect on PCDD/F emissions during the full-scale municipal solid waste incineration. Chemosphere 2019; 228:495-502. [PMID: 31051352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Influence of inhibition and memory effect on PCDD/Fs are carried out in a full-scale (23 t h-1) municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator under three conditions. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is injected into the post combustion zone of incinerator. The results show that the inhibition efficiency of PCDD/Fs in flue gas was 53.34% (71% for TEQ), and ADP possibly also didn't have effect on the chlorination reaction of PCDD/F formation. The memory effect phenomenon, PCDD/F adsorption/desorption, is clearly discovered in the wet scrubber system (WSS), resulting in PCDD/F concentration increased by 6.2-19.9 times. Memory effect also changes the distribution of PCDD/Fs by increasing the proportions of low-chlorinated PCDD/Fs, which is easily to be desorbed because of their higher vapor pressure comparing with the high-chlorinated PCDD/Fs. After renewing the scrubbing solution and cleaning the bottom sludge in WSS, the PCDD/F TEQ concentrations decreases from 0.51 to 0.24 ng I-TEQ Nm-3, further mitigating but still not enough to eliminate the memory effect because the PCDD/F desorption of wall and scrubber fillings in the WSS. The results are paving the way for further industrial optimized design of WSS and assist in controlling the PCDD/F emissions from MSWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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Bena A, Gandini M, Cadum E, Procopio E, Salamina G, Orengia M, Farina E. Risk perception in the population living near the Turin municipal solid waste incineration plant: survey results before start-up and communication strategies. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:483. [PMID: 31046728 PMCID: PMC6498555 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The start-up of the Turin municipal solid waste incineration plant (2013) was accompanied by surveillance of health effects, which included a human biomonitoring campaign. Here we present the results of the risk perception survey of local residents before the plant went into operation. METHODS The survey sample was 394 local residents: 198 residing near the plant (exposed group) and 196 residing in an area distant from the plant site (unexposed group). The survey questionnaire investigated awareness of environmental and health issues, including a section on the perception of environmental health risks. Multivariate Poisson regressions were performed to determine the differences in risk perception between the two groups (exposed vs. unexposed). RESULTS The exposed group was more concerned about natural hazards (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-2.61), anthropogenic hazards (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.03-1.77), and waste management (PR 1.19; 95% CI 0.94-1.50). There were no significant differences in opinions about environmental pollution-related diseases between the two groups, though the exposed considered themselves to be at risk for developing these diseases. The survey population placed its trust more in health care providers than in any other category. CONCLUSIONS The risk perception survey questionnaire yielded data that enabled a better understanding and interpretation of the social context: residents living near the incineration plant were more concerned than those living distant from it, especially about anthropogenic hazards. This information was subsequently incorporated into the design the communication tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bena
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Martina Gandini
- Environmental Epidemiological Unit, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Piedmont Region, Via Pio VII 9, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Ennio Cadum
- Department of hygiene and health prevention, Environmental Health Unit, ATS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Orengia
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Elena Farina
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL TO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
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3
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Gündoğdu S, Yeşilyurt İN, Erbaş C. Potential interaction between plastic litter and green turtle Chelonia mydas during nesting in an extremely polluted beach. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 140:138-145. [PMID: 30803627 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the extent of macroplastic pollution on Samandağ beach and the potential effects on green sea turtles during nesting. For this purpose, a total of 39 different turtle tracks were studied. Mean plastic concentration was found to be 19.5 ± 1.2 pcs m-2. Among the different types of crawling, the highest concentrations of plastics were found on the tracks of turtles that did not attempt to dig nests (25.9 ± 8.4 pcs m-2). In total, 7 different types of plastics (disposable, film, fishing-related, foam, fragments, miscellaneous, and textile) were found, with film-type plastics being the most prevalent (11 pcs m-2). Samandağ beach was found to be greatly more polluted than any other beach in the Mediterranean Sea. We concluded that this pollution can cause negative effects, especially entanglement and entrapment, on green sea turtle females and hatchlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Gündoğdu
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
| | - İrem Nur Yeşilyurt
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
| | - Celal Erbaş
- Cukurova University, Yumurtalık Vacational School, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
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Costa LL, Madureira JF, Di Beneditto APM, Zalmon IR. Interaction of the Atlantic ghost crab with marine debris: Evidence from an in situ experimental approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 140:603-609. [PMID: 30803683 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sandy beaches pollution by marine debris imposes arguably threats for the biodiversity, but interaction of beach bioindicators (e.g., ghost crabs) with debris has been rarely assessed. We aimed to test whether the Atlantic ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) misidentifies marine debris as food sources. Cigarette butts, straws, popsicle sticks, paper napkins and styrofoams were mixed into solutions with odour of natural and industrialized food. The debris were placed around burrows on beaches with distinct human pressures (low, medium and high-impact). The species interacted with marine debris more frequently in situations of lower human impact, lower prey abundance and larger burrow diameter. These results indicate that in areas with low prey availability and larger individuals, interactions between ghost crabs and debris left by beach visitors and/or transported by winds and currents to low-impact beaches are more likely to occur, mainly near to urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes Costa
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julyana Figueiredo Madureira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilana Rosental Zalmon
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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5
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Battisti C, Staffieri E, Poeta G, Sorace A, Luiselli L, Amori G. Interactions between anthropogenic litter and birds: A global review with a 'black-list' of species. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 138:93-114. [PMID: 30660318 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of anthropogenic litter (by incorporation litter in nests, ingestion, and entanglement) with birds was systematically reviewed using Google Scholar database. A 'black-list' of 258 species was compiled. Among them 206 (79.8%) were seabirds. Four seabird orders (Gaviiformes, Phaetontiformes, Procellariformes, Sphenisciformes) showed the highest percentage of interacting species. At family level, >70% of species of Gaviidae, Diomedeidae, Sulidae, Stercoraridae and Alcidae were involved in interactions with litter. We observed (i) a significant correlation between Scholar recurrences and species citations about anthropogenic litter only when considering seabirds; (ii) a low number of references before 1981 with a bimodal pattern showing a first peak in 1986-90 and a progressively increasing trend in the 2000s. Regarding the type of interaction, there was a significantly higher percentage of species involved in ingestion when compared to the percentage involved in entanglement. We suggest the use of consolidated standardized litter nomenclature and characterization and the adoption of a logical causal chain helping researchers in defining suitable frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Battisti
- "Torre Flavia" LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) Station, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale - Servizio Aree protette - Parchi regionali, via Tiburtina 691, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Staffieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Poeta
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Luiselli
- Niger Delta Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Unit, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; IDECC - Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, via G. Tomasi di Lampedusa 33, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Amori
- CNR - Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zambrano L, Pacheco-Muñoz R, Fernández T. Influence of solid waste and topography on urban floods: The case of Mexico City. Ambio 2018; 47:771-780. [PMID: 29478180 PMCID: PMC6188967 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Floods in cities are increasingly common as a consequence of multifactor watershed dynamics, including geomorphology, land-use changes and land subsidence. However, urban managers have focused on infrastructure to address floods by reducing blocked sewage infrastructure, without significant success. Using Mexico City as a case study, we generated a spatial flood risk model with geomorphology and anthropogenic variables. The results helped contrast the implications of different public policies in land use and waste disposal, and correlating them with flood hazards. Waste disposal was only related to small floods. 58% of the city has a high risk of experiencing small floods, and 24% of the city has a risk for large floods. Half of the population with the lowest income is located in the high-risk areas for large floods. These models are easy to build, generate fast results and are able to help to flood policies, by understanding flood interactions in urban areas within the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zambrano
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco-Muñoz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Fernández
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Ding L, Cai B, Wang S, Qu C. Concentrations, spatial distributions, and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans around original plastic solid waste recovery sites in China. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:692-699. [PMID: 30029168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, profiles, and spatial distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil and sediment samples from several typical plastic solid waste (PSW) recovery sites (particularly from areas in which PSW is burned openly) in China were investigated. The results showed that burning PSW directly influenced PCDD/F concentrations immediately around the burning area. All of the samples in which soil contained black burning residue, collected from immediately around burning areas, had PCDD/F concentrations (mean 21708 ng kg-1) and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations (mean 2140 ng I-TEQ kg-1 or 1877 ng WHO2006-TEQ kg-1) more than 100 times higher than the concentrations in samples collected away from burning areas (mean 222 ng kg-1, 8.75 ng I-TEQ kg-1, 7.96 ng WHO2006-TEQ kg-1). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the PCDD/F concentrations in seven soil samples from near PSW burning areas were influenced by PSW burning but that the PCDD/Fs in these soil samples may have had other or multiple sources. PCDD/F distributions at PSW recovery sites have been investigated in few previous studies. The results presented here indicate that appropriate measures should be taken to decrease the ecological risks posed by PSW recovery and to prevent, control, and remediate PCDD/F and other chemical contamination caused by PSW recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| | - Bingjie Cai
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China.
| | - Changsheng Qu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China.
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Motta O, Zarrella I, Cucciniello R, Capunzo M, De Caro F. A new strategy to control the proliferation of microorganisms in solid hospital waste and the diffusion of nosocomial infections. Infez Med 2018; 26:210-215. [PMID: 30246763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A possible tool to reduce nosocomial infections is to identify unknown sources of contamination and then to provide a measure for controlling the related infections. In this study, solid hospital waste was considered a potential source of contamination, and a strategy to reduce the potential risk of pathogen contamination was tested. This paper describes a novel technique for waste management in healthcare settings with a view to facilitating infection prevention and control. We explored the innovative use of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) by investigating the microbicidal activity of chlorine, which derives from the hydrolysis of NaDCC mediated by humidity, and by testing its effect on the inhibition of microorganism growth. NaDCC was inserted in a solid hospital waste bin containing also Lauria-Bertani agar plates, with different dilutions of a known titre of three different microorganisms, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus brasiliensis. The plates were incubated in the container with or without the antimicrobial agent (control, CNT) at room temperature for 5 days. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) present on each plate was then counted. Microorganisms capable of proliferating in the CNT waste bin were not able to grow in the presence of NaDCC. Furthermore, the molecular chlorine which developed and was released in the waste bin under the experimental conditions (T=20°C, t=5 days) was quantified using iodometric titration. NaDCC hydrolysis, mediated by humidity, has a strong and long-lasting microbicide effect. The proliferation of tested bacteria and fungi is totally inhibited. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of NaDCC in controlling and/or inhibiting microbial proliferation and support its possible use in the treatment of hospital waste to control the spread of nosocomial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Iliana Zarrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Lourenço KS, Suleiman AKA, Pijl A, van Veen JA, Cantarella H, Kuramae EE. Resilience of the resident soil microbiome to organic and inorganic amendment disturbances and to temporary bacterial invasion. Microbiome 2018; 6:142. [PMID: 30103819 PMCID: PMC6090642 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vinasse, a by-product of sugarcane ethanol production, is recycled by sugarcane plantations as a fertilizer due to its rich nutrient content. However, the impacts of the chemical and microbial composition of vinasse on soil microbiome dynamics are unknown. Here, we evaluate the recovery of the native soil microbiome after multiple disturbances caused by the application of organic vinasse residue, inorganic nitrogen, or a combination of both during the sugarcane crop-growing season (389 days). Additionally, we evaluated the resistance of the resident soil microbial community to the vinasse microbiome. RESULTS Vinasse applied alone or 30 days prior to N resulted in similar changes in the soil microbial community. Furthermore, the impact of the application of vinasse together with N fertilizer on the soil microbial community differed from that of N fertilizer alone. Organic vinasse is a source of microbes, nutrients, and organic matter, and the combination of these factors drove the changes in the resident soil microbial community. However, these changes were restricted to a short period of time due to the capacity of the soil community to recover. The invasive bacteria present in the vinasse microbiome were unable to survive in the soil conditions and disappeared after 31 days, with the exception of the Acetobacteraceae (native in the soil) and Lactobacillaceae families. CONCLUSION Our analysis showed that the resident soil microbial community was not resistant to vinasse and inorganic N application but was highly resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Késia Silva Lourenço
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura 1481, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Afnan K A Suleiman
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Pijl
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A van Veen
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura 1481, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil
| | - E E Kuramae
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Coelho MPM, Moreira-de-Sousa C, de Souza RB, Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fontanetti CS. Toxicity evaluation of vinasse and biosolid samples in diplopod midgut: heat shock protein in situ localization. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:22007-22017. [PMID: 28785943 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of residues generated by agricultural, urban and industrial activities are dumped daily on the soil. This practice deserves special attention because it causes serious environmental problems. This study evaluated the toxic potential of the sugarcane vinasse, a by-product of the sugar-alcohol industry, and the biosolid, a residue produced by wastewater treatment plants, both widely used as fertilizers. The evaluation was performed through bioassays using a typical soil bioindicator, the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi. The specimens were exposed to soils containing these residues in concentrations that are compatible with the Brazilian regulation for agricultural use. Semi-quantitative immunolabelling analyses of the stress protein HSP70 were performed on the midgut of the studied diplopods. There was a significant increase in the immunolabelling of HSP70 proteins as a response to xenobiotics from both residues, particularly in regions where the function of the cells is the detoxification of the organ (e.g. the hepatic cell layer and specific regions of the epithelium). Higher immunolabelling was observed in the specimens exposed to vinasse in comparison with the biosolid exposure. This demonstrates that the substances in the tested residues had proteotoxic action in the exposed animals and induced a cytoprotective response, which led to higher stress protein immunolabelling. Therefore, caution is needed for the use of such residues in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Mancini Coelho
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Moreira-de-Sousa
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Bastão de Souza
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Yadira Ansoar-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Chen P, Xiao X, Mei J, Cai Y, Tang Y, Peng P. Characteristic accumulation of PCDD/Fs in pine needles near an MSWI and emission levels of the MSWI in Pearl River Delta: A case study. Chemosphere 2017; 181:360-367. [PMID: 28456038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pine needle samples were collected near a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Pearl River Delta, southern China, as well as the stack gas and dust samples of the MSWI were simultaneously collected. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed following the USEPA Method 1613B. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in the pine needles (137-625 ng/kg, 25-51 ng I-TEQ/kg) is the highest level ever detected in China. Congener profile comparison and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the MSWI as an important emission source of environmental PCDD/Fs. The PCDD/Fs in the pine needles mainly depended on the atmospheric concentration, exposure time and also the wind direction. The accumulation of PCDD/Fs in this species did not occur at a steady rate, and the total concentrations covered up the actual photolysis information. Gas-phase partitioning of compounds in the atmosphere was the dominant process through which PCDD/Fs were adsorbed onto the pine needle surface in contrast with particle-phase deposition, and subsequent environmental behavior varied between the congeners. Photo-degradation was the major transformation process as PCDD/Fs were adsorbed onto the pine needle surfaces. Higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs were more recalcitrant to photo-degradation than those that were less chlorinated, and PCDDs were more resistant to photo-degradation than PCDFs. On the other hand, the strong ability of lipid-rich pine needles to accumulate dioxin compounds indicates they can be used as the absorption sink of PCDD/Fs in heavily polluted areas because it is easier to dispose of pine needles than it is to clean contaminated air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Gong B, Deng Y, Yang Y, He Y, Sun X, Ge LY, Zhang K, Yang W. Stabilization of lead in incineration fly ash by moderate thermal treatment with sodium hydroxide addition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178816. [PMID: 28586368 PMCID: PMC5460817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash (IFA) can be potentially reused as a substitute for some raw materials, but treatment for detoxification is indispensable owing to high contents of heavy metals in fly ash. In the present work, due to excessive leaching concentration of lead (Pb), a moderate thermal treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) addition was employed to stabilize Pb in IFA. The moderate thermal treatment was performed under relatively low temperature ranging from 300 to 500°C and at retention time from 1 to 3 h with NaOH addition in a range of 1 to 9%. Leaching results showed that leaching concentrations of Pb in IFA leachates decreased below the standard for hazardous waste identification (5 mg/L) in China under all treatment scenarios. With the increase of temperature, retention time and the amount of NaOH, the concentration of Pb were further suppressed in IFA leachates. Especially, at 500°C for 3 h with 9% NaOH addition, the concentration of Pb dropped to 0.18 mg/L, which was below the standard for sanitary landfill (0.25 mg/L) in China. In thermal process, needle-like crystallites melted to form granules and clumps with compacter structure and less pores. After the thermal treatment, water-soluble and exchangeable fractions of Pb significantly decreased. Therefore, the thermal treatment coupled with NaOH could be applied to realize the environmentally sound management of MSW IFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyi Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, China
| | - Yong He
- CECEP Chengdu Renewable Energy Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | | | - Li-Ya Ge
- Zerowaste Asia Co. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kewei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Rachiotis G, Tsovili E, Papagiannis D, Markaki A, Hadjichristodoulou C. Are municipal solid waste collectors at increased risk of Hepatitis A Virus infection? A Greek cross-sectional study. Infez Med 2016; 24:299-303. [PMID: 28011965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste collectors are reportedly at risk for Hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) as an occupational hazard. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors of HAV infection among solid waste collectors in a municipality of the broader region of Attica, Greece. A cross-sectional sero-prevalence study was conducted. Fifty (n=50) waste collectors participated in the study (response rate: 95%). The group of municipal waste collectors was compared to a convenient sample of workers not exposed to solid waste (n=83). Municipal solid waste collectors recorded a higher, but not statistically significant, prevalence of anti-HAV(+) in comparison to subjects without occupational exposure to waste (40% vs 34% respectively p=0,4). No significant associations were found between inappropriate work practices and anti- HAV (+). Education was the only factor independently associated with the risk of HAV infection. This study did not corroborate previous reports of an increased prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus infection among municipal solid waste collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rachiotis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessalia, Greece
| | - Eva Tsovili
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessalia, Greece
| | | | - Adelais Markaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessalia, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology. Medical Faculty. School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Thessalia, Greece
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14
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Groth VA, Carvalho-Pereira T, da Silva EM, Niemeyer JC. Ecotoxicological assessment of biosolids by microcosms. Chemosphere 2016; 161:342-348. [PMID: 27448314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosolids have been applied as soil amendments to improve and maintain the soil fertility and faster plant growth. In spite of its beneficial use, the potential risks of land disposal should be analyzed, considering potential ecological receptors in soil and water. This work describes the use of an early warning laboratory microcosm system to evaluate the integrated ecotoxicological potential of two biosolids: BIO-1 and BIO-2 (18 and 28 months after landfarming, respectively), from an effluent treatment station in a petrochemical and industrial district. The endpoints related to habitat function were: a) germination, growth and biomass of Phaseolus vulgaris; b) survival, biomass and number of cocoons of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) and; c) reproduction of Folsomia candida (Collembola). The retention function was evaluated by testing the leachates using the tropical cladoceran Latonopsis australis (Cladocera) in a 48-h acute toxicity test, and growth of the aquatic plant Lemna minor in a 7-d chronic test. Tropical artificial soil (TAS) and a natural soil (NS) from the region were used as control soils. Results showed no chronic toxicity of BIO-1 and BIO-2 to the soil organisms tested, but acute toxicity of BIO-1 in the leachate for 50% of L. australis, and chronic toxicity of both biosolid leachates to L. minor (inhibition of growth rate), indicating potential risks to aquatic ecosystems. The results confirmed the ability of this microcosm system as a rapid tool to assess biosolid toxicity over time and its potential for hazardous waste characterization in environmental risk assessment, in a screening phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Avelar Groth
- Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-155 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-155 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mendes da Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-155 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Centre of Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
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15
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Arizzi M, Morra S, Pugliese M, Gullino ML, Gilardi G, Valetti F. Biohydrogen and biomethane production sustained by untreated matrices and alternative application of compost waste. Waste Manag 2016; 56:151-157. [PMID: 27422046 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen and biomethane production offers many advantages for environmental protection over the fossil fuels or the existing physical-chemical methods for hydrogen and methane synthesis. The aim of this study is focused on the exploitation of several samples from the composting process: (1) a mixture of waste vegetable materials ("Mix"); (2) an unmatured compost sample (ACV15); and (3) three types of green compost with different properties and soil improver quality (ACV1, ACV2 and ACV3). These samples were tested for biohydrogen and biomethane production, thus obtaining second generation biofuels and resulting in a novel possibility to manage renewable waste biomasses. The ability of these substrates as original feed during dark fermentation was assayed anaerobically in batch, in glass bottles, in order to determine the optimal operating conditions for hydrogen and/or methane production using "Mix" or ACV1, ACV2 or ACV3 green compost and a limited amount of water. Hydrogen could be produced with a fast kinetic in the range 0.02-2.45mLH2g(-1)VS, while methane was produced with a slower kinetic in the range 0.5-8mLCH4g(-1)VS. It was observed that the composition of each sample influenced significantly the gas production. It was also observed that the addition of different water amounts play a crucial role in the development of hydrogen or methane. This parameter can be used to push towards the alternative production of one or another gas. Hydrogen and methane production was detected spontaneously from these matrices, without additional sources of nutrients or any pre-treatment, suggesting that they can be used as an additional inoculum or feed into single or two-stage plants. This might allow the use of compost with low quality as soil improver for alternative and further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Arizzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10133, Italy
| | - Simone Morra
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10133, Italy
| | - Massimo Pugliese
- Centre of Competence for Innovation in Agro-Environmental Field, Agroinnova, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Agri New Tech srl, Via G. Quarello 15/A, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Centre of Competence for Innovation in Agro-Environmental Field, Agroinnova, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Agri New Tech srl, Via G. Quarello 15/A, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10133, Italy
| | - Francesca Valetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino 10133, Italy.
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16
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Bena A, Chiusolo M, Orengia M, Cadum E, Farina E, Musmeci L, Procopio E, Salamina G. [Population health surveillance of the general population living near Turin (Northern Italy) incinerator (SPoTT): methodology of the study]. Epidemiol Prev 2016; 40:366-373. [PMID: 27764934 DOI: 10.19191/ep16.5.p366.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Si intende qui descrivere il sistema di sorveglianza sugli effetti sulla salute (SpoTT) dell'inquinamento ambientale nelle aree circostanti l'inceneritore di Torino. SPoTT ha 3 linee di attività: 1. monitoraggio epidemiologico degli effetti a breve termine attraverso analisi temporali e misura della correlazione tra livelli giornalieri di emissioni dell'impianto e andamento degli eventi individuati dagli archivi dei dimessi (SDO), di pronto soccorso e di mortalità; sono coinvolti coloro che nel 2013-2018 risiedevano nell'area di ricaduta delle emissioni; 2. sorveglianza epidemiologica degli effetti a lungo termine, stimando tassi standardizzati di mortalità e morbosità; a ogni soggetto è attribuito il valore stimato di esposizione cumulato nel tempo caratteristico della residenza anagrafica; le informazioni sulla salute sono reperite dagli archivi SDO, di mortalità e dai certificati di assistenza al parto; sono studiati due decenni pre-post l'avvio dell'impianto: 2003-2012 e 2013-2022; 3. monitoraggio biologico con misurazione pre-post di metalli, PCDD/F, PCB, OH-IPA; sono coinvolti 196 residenti esposti e 196 di controllo di 35-69 anni, campionati a caso dalle anagrafi comunali; sono effettuate misure di funzionalità endocrina e respiratoria, pressione arteriosa, rischio cardiovascolare; l'esposizione cumulativa sarà stimata per ciascuna persona campionata integrando l'indirizzo di residenza, il tempo di permanenza in ciascun indirizzo e i dati ricavati dai modelli di ricaduta; sarà costituita una biobanca per future indagini di laboratorio; sono coinvolti anche 20 allevatori e i lavoratori dell'impianto. Una quarta linea di attività, non descritta in questo articolo, riguarda il monitoraggio della salute dei lavoratori addetti all'impianto. SPoTT è il primo studio in Italia su inceneritori e salute che adotta un disegno di studio longitudinale di adeguata potenza sia per i residenti sia per i lavoratori. I primi risultati sono attesi nel corso del 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bena
- Servizio di epidemiologia, Azienda sanitaria locale TO3, Grugliasco (TO).
| | - Monica Chiusolo
- Dipartimento di epidemiologia e salute ambientale, ARPA Piemonte, Grugliasco (TO)
| | - Manuela Orengia
- Servizio di epidemiologia, Azienda sanitaria locale TO3, Grugliasco (TO)
| | - Ennio Cadum
- Dipartimento di epidemiologia e salute ambientale, ARPA Piemonte, Grugliasco (TO)
| | - Elena Farina
- Servizio di epidemiologia, Azienda sanitaria locale TO3, Grugliasco (TO)
| | - Loredana Musmeci
- Dipartimento ambiente e connessa prevenzione primaria, Istituto superiore di sanità, Roma
| | - Enrico Procopio
- Servizio di igiene e sanità pubblica, Dipartimento di prevenzione, Azienda sanitaria locale TO3, Susa (TO)
| | - Giuseppe Salamina
- Centro per il controllo delle malattie, Dipartimento di prevenzione, Azienda sanitaria locale TO1, Torino
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17
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Guarienti M, Cardozo SM, Borgese L, Lira GR, Depero LE, Bontempi E, Presta M. COSMOS-rice technology abrogates the biotoxic effects of municipal solid waste incinerator residues. Environ Pollut 2016; 214:713-721. [PMID: 27149148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fly ashes generated by municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) are classified as hazardous waste and usually landfilled. For the sustainable reuse of these materials is necessary to reduce the resulting impact on human health and environment. The COSMOS-rice technology has been recently proposed for the treatment of fly ashes mixed with rice husk ash, to obtain a low-cost composite material with significant performances. Here, aquatic biotoxicity assays, including daphnidae and zebrafish embryo-based tests, were used to assess the biosafety efficacy of this technology. Exposure to lixiviated MSWI fly ash caused dose-dependent biotoxic effects on daphnidae and zebrafish embryos with alterations of embryonic development, teratogenous defects and apoptotic events. On the contrary, no biotoxic effects were observed in daphnidae and zebrafish embryos exposed to lixiviated COSMOS-rice material. Accordingly, whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis of the expression of various tissue-specific genes in zebrafish embryos provided genetic evidence about the ability of COSMOS-rice stabilization process to minimize the biotoxic effects of MSWI fly ash. These results demonstrate at the biological level that the newly developed COSMOS-rice technology is an efficient and cost-effective method to process MSWI fly ash, producing a biologically safe and reusable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Guarienti
- Zebrafish Facility, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sdenka Moscoso Cardozo
- Zebrafish Facility, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gloria Rodrigo Lira
- Unidad de Vigilancia Ambiental y Genotoxicologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnologia, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Laura E Depero
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Zebrafish Facility, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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18
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Salerno C, Berchialla P, Fossale PG, Palin LA, Barasolo E, Panella M. [A geographical and epidemiological analysis of cancer incidence in the city of Vercelli, Italy, 2002-2009]. Ig Sanita Pubbl 2016; 72:249-264. [PMID: 27510293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The idea of conducting a geographical analysis of cancer incidence in Vercelli, a city with about 46,000 population in the Province of Vercelli (Piedmont, northern Italy), originated from the need to respond to concerns of the population and local administrators regarding the presence of a solid waste incinerator just a few kilometers from the city, and the ongoing intense agricultural activity in the area. The study also aimed to verify the excess risk identified in a similar study on mortality. We obtained census data and mortality data for the years 2002 to 2009, from the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and analysed these from both an epidemiological point of view, through standardised mortality rates, and spatial analysis through the use of Bayesian models. Both approaches highlighted an overall increased risk for cancers and increased risks for colorectal and lung cancer, in persons residing south of the capital. They also identified an increased cancer risk in the young adult population of both sexes, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Salerno
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Fossale
- Presidente Ordine Medici e Chirurghi e Odontoiatri- Provincia di Vercelli, Italy
| | - Lucio Antonio Palin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Ezio Barasolo
- Presidente L.I.L.T. Lega Italiana Lotta ai Tumori , sezione Provincia di Vercelli e Direttore S.O.C. Urologia, Clinica S.Rita- Policlinico di Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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19
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Candela S, Bonvicini L, Ranzi A, Baldacchini F, Broccoli S, Cordioli M, Carretta E, Luberto F, Angelini P, Evangelista A, Marzaroli P, Giorgi Rossi P, Forastiere F. Exposure to emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators and miscarriages: a multisite study of the MONITER Project. Environ Int 2015; 78:51-60. [PMID: 25765761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscarriages are an important indicator of reproductive health but only few studies have analyzed their association with exposure to emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators. This study analyzed the occurrence of miscarriages in women aged 15-49years residing near seven incinerators of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Italy) in the period 2002-2006. METHODS We considered all pregnancies occurring in women residing during the first trimester of pregnancy within a 4km radius of each incinerator. Addresses were geocoded and exposures were characterized by a dispersion model (ADMS Urban model) producing pollution maps for incinerators based on PM10 stack measurements and for other pollution sources based on NOx ground measurements. Information on pregnancies and their outcomes was obtained from the Hospital Discharge Database. Simplified True Abortion Risks (STAR)×100 estimated pregnancies were calculated. We ran logistic regressions adjusting for maternal characteristics, exposure to other sources of pollution, and sites, considering the whole population and stratifying by miscarriage history. RESULTS The study analyzed 11,875 pregnancies with 1375 miscarriages. After adjusting for confounders, an increase of PM10 due to incinerator emissions was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (test for trend, p=0.042). The odds ratio for the highest quartile of exposed versus not exposed women was 1.29, 95% CI 0.97-1.72. The effect was present only for women without previous miscarriages (highest quartile of exposed versus not exposed women 1.44, 95% CI 1.06-1.96; test for trend, p=0.009). CONCLUSION Exposure to incinerator emissions is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. This result should be interpreted with those of a previous study on reproductive health conducted in the same area that observed an association between incinerator exposure and preterm births.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Candela
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - L Bonvicini
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - A Ranzi
- Regional Reference Centre on Environment and Health, ARPA Emilia-Romagna Region, Modena, Italy.
| | - F Baldacchini
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - S Broccoli
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - M Cordioli
- Regional Reference Centre on Environment and Health, ARPA Emilia-Romagna Region, Modena, Italy.
| | - E Carretta
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - F Luberto
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - P Angelini
- Public Health Service, Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy.
| | - A Evangelista
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - P Marzaroli
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - P Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Reggio Emilia, Italy; IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - F Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region, Italy.
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20
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He Z, Li G, Chen J, Huang Y, An T, Zhang C. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds emitted from different plastic solid waste recycling workshops. Environ Int 2015; 77:85-94. [PMID: 25667057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from different recycling workshops processing different types of plastic solid waste (PSW) and their health risks were investigated. A total of 64 VOCs including alkanes, alkenes, monoaromatics, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), chlorinated VOCs (ClVOCs) and acrylonitrile during the melting extrusion procedure were identified and quantified. The highest concentration of total VOCs (TVOC) occurred in the poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene) (ABS) recycling workshop, followed by the polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC) workshops. Monoaromatics were found as the major component emitted from the ABS and PS recycling workshops, while alkanes were mainly emitted from the PE and PP recycling processes, and OVOCs from the PVC and PA recycling workshops. According to the occupational exposure limits' (OEL) assessment, the workers suffered acute and chronic health risks in the ABS and PS recycling workshops. Meanwhile, it was found that most VOCs in the indoor microenvironments were originated from the melting extrusion process, while the highest TVOC concentration was observed in the PS rather than in the ABS recycling workshop. Non-cancer hazard indices (HIs) of all individual VOCs were <1.0, whereas the total HI in the PS recycling workshop was 1.9, posing an adverse chronic health threat. Lifetime cancer risk assessment suggested that the residents also suffered from definite cancer risk in the PS, PA, ABS and PVC recycling workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui He
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guiying Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Taicheng An
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- GIS Centre, Ryan Institute and School of Geography and Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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21
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Benedetti M, Fazzo L, Buzzoni C, Comba P, Magnani C, Fusco M. Incidence of soft tissue sarcomas in an Italian area affected by illegal waste dumping sites. Arch Environ Occup Health 2015; 70:154-9. [PMID: 24219564 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2013.845135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between occurrence of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and residence in an Italian area affected by illegal practices of dumping and setting fire to both hazardous and solid urban wastes. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed separately for STS and some specific STS subtypes. The analysis was performed for the total population and for specific age groups, namely, children, adolescents, and adults. In adults, no significant increase in STS was found other than for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in males. A nonsignificant increase in incidence of STS was observed for male children and female adolescents. The results of the present study do not allow conclusions for a causal association. In the absence of previous epidemiological studies on this issue, further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Benedetti
- a Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
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McAllister L, Magee A, Hale B. Women, e-waste, and technological solutions to climate change. Health Hum Rights 2014; 16:166-178. [PMID: 25474605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we argue that a crossover class of climate change solutions (which we term "technological solutions") may disproportionately and adversely impact some populations over others. We begin by situating our discussion in the wider climate discourse, particularly with regard to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Basel Convention. We then suggest that many of the most attractive technological solutions to climate change, such as solar energy and electric car batteries, will likely add to the rapidly growing stream of electronic waste ("e-waste"). This e-waste may have negative downstream effects on otherwise disenfranchised populations. We argue that e-waste burdens women unfairly and disproportionately, affecting their mortality/morbidity and fertility, as well as the development of their children. Building on this, we claim that these injustices are more accurately captured as problems of recognition rather than distribution, since women are often institutionally under-acknowledged both in the workplace and in the home. Without institutional support and representation, women and children are deprived of adequate safety equipment, health precautions, and health insurance. Finally, we return to the question of climate justice in the context of the human right to health and argue for greater inclusion and recognition of women waste workers and other disenfranchised groups in forging future climate agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McAllister
- PhD student in the Environmental Studies Graduate Program at the University of Colorado
| | - Amanda Magee
- MS student in the Environmental Studies Graduate Program at the University of Colorado
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Metts BS, Buhlmann KA, Tuberville TD, Scott DE, Hopkins WA. Maternal transfer of contaminants and reduced reproductive success of southern toads ( Bufo [Anaxyrus] terrestris ) exposed to coal combustion waste. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:2846-2853. [PMID: 23406432 DOI: 10.1021/es303989u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of contaminants and subsequent maternal transfer to offspring are important factors that affect the reproductive success of wildlife. However, maternal transfer of contaminants has rarely been investigated in amphibians. We examined maternal transfer of trace elements in southern toads ( Bufo[Anaxyrus] terrestris) residing in two locations: (1) an active coal combustion waste (CCW) disposal basin and adjacent 40-ha floodplain contaminated with CCW over 35 years ago and (2) an uncontaminated reference site. Our study is among the few to document tissue concentration-dependent maternal transfer of contaminants and associated adverse effects in amphibians. We found that females collected from the CCW-contaminated area had elevated concentrations of Ni, Se, and Sr; these females also transferred elevated levels of Cu, Pb, Se, and Sr to their eggs compared to females from the reference site. Overall reproductive success, estimated as a function of clutch size and offspring viability, was reduced by 27% in clutches collected from parents from the contaminated site compared to the reference site. Offspring viability negatively correlated with female and/or egg concentrations of Se and Ni. Reproductive success negatively correlated with Se and Cu concentrations in females, and Se concentrations in eggs. Our study highlights how exposure to CCW can negatively affect amphibian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Metts
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA.
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Malta-Vacas J, Viegas S, Sabino R, Viegas C. Fungal and microbial volatile organic compounds exposure assessment in a waste sorting plant. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2012; 75:1410-1417. [PMID: 23095159 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.721175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the management of solid waste, pollutants over a wide range are released with different routes of exposure for workers. The potential for synergism among the pollutants raises concerns about potential adverse health effects, and there are still many uncertainties involved in exposure assessment. In this study, conventional (culture-based) and molecular real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) methodologies were used to assess fungal air contamination in a waste-sorting plant which focused on the presence of three potential pathogenic/toxigenic fungal species: Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, and Stachybotrys chartarum. In addition, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) were measured by photoionization detection. For all analysis, samplings were performed at five different workstations inside the facilities and also outdoors as a reference. Penicillium sp. were the most common species found at all plant locations. Pathogenic/toxigenic species (A. fumigatus and S. chartarum) were detected at two different workstations by RTPCR but not by culture-based techniques. MVOC concentration indoors ranged between 0 and 8.9 ppm (average 5.3 ± 3.16 ppm). Our results illustrated the advantage of combining both conventional and molecular methodologies in fungal exposure assessment. Together with MVOC analyses in indoor air, data obtained allow for a more precise evaluation of potential health risks associated with bioaerosol exposure. Consequently, with this knowledge, strategies may be developed for effective protection of the workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malta-Vacas
- Higher School of Health Technology of Lisbon (ESTESL)/Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon (IPL), Lisbon, Portugal
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