1
|
Dufour D, Dumontet T, Sahut-Barnola I, Carusi A, Onzon M, Pussard E, Wilmouth JJ, Olabe J, Lucas C, Levasseur A, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Pointud JC, Roucher-Boulez F, Tauveron I, Bossis G, Yeh ET, Breault DT, Val P, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A. Loss of SUMO-specific protease 2 causes isolated glucocorticoid deficiency by blocking adrenal cortex zonal transdifferentiation in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7858. [PMID: 36543805 PMCID: PMC9772323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification, that provides fine-tuning of protein function involved in the cellular response to stress, differentiation, and tissue development. In the adrenal cortex, an emblematic endocrine organ that mediates adaptation to physiological demands, the SUMOylation gradient is inversely correlated with the gradient of cellular differentiation raising important questions about its role in functional zonation and the response to stress. Considering that SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2), a deSUMOylating enzyme, is upregulated by Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)/cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) signalling within the zona fasciculata, we generated mice with adrenal-specific Senp2 loss to address these questions. Disruption of SENP2 activity in steroidogenic cells leads to specific hypoplasia of the zona fasciculata, a blunted reponse to ACTH and isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. Mechanistically, overSUMOylation resulting from SENP2 loss shifts the balance between ACTH/PKA and WNT/β-catenin signalling leading to repression of PKA activity and ectopic activation of β-catenin. At the cellular level, this blocks transdifferentiation of β-catenin-positive zona glomerulosa cells into fasciculata cells and sensitises them to premature apoptosis. Our findings indicate that the SUMO pathway is critical for adrenal homeostasis and stress responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dufour
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Training Program in Organogenesis, Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Aude Carusi
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282IGMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Méline Onzon
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Eric Pussard
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - James Jr Wilmouth
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Julie Olabe
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Cécily Lucas
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France ,grid.494717.80000000115480420Service d’Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel Montpied, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282IGMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Edward T. Yeh
- grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - David T. Breault
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Pierre Val
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- grid.494717.80000000115480420institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement (iGReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–Ferrand, F-63000 France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Djari C, Sahut-Barnola I, Stratakis C, Lefèbvre H, Guillou F, Swain A, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Protein kinase A drives paracrine crisis leading to WNT4-dependent germ cell loss and testis tumor in Carney complex. Annales d'Endocrinologie 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
3
|
Wilmouth JJ, Olabe J, Garcia-Garcia D, Lucas C, Guiton R, Roucher-Boulez F, Dufour D, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Sahut-Barnola I, Pointud JC, Renaud Y, Levasseur A, Tauveron I, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Val P. Sexually dimorphic activation of innate antitumor immunity prevents adrenocortical carcinoma development. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd0422. [PMID: 36240276 PMCID: PMC9565812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most cancers, adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are more frequent in women than in men, but the underlying mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism remain elusive. Here, we show that inactivation of Znrf3 in the mouse adrenal cortex, recapitulating the most frequent alteration in ACC patients, is associated with sexually dimorphic tumor progression. Although female knockouts develop metastatic carcinomas at 18 months, adrenal hyperplasia regresses in male knockouts. This male-specific phenotype is associated with androgen-dependent induction of senescence, recruitment, and differentiation of highly phagocytic macrophages that clear out senescent cells. In contrast, in females, macrophage recruitment is delayed and dampened, which allows for aggressive tumor progression. Consistently, analysis of TCGA-ACC data shows that phagocytic macrophages are more prominent in men and are associated with better prognosis. Together, these data show that phagocytic macrophages are key players in the sexual dimorphism of ACC that could be previously unidentified allies in the fight against this devastating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Wilmouth
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Olabe
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Diana Garcia-Garcia
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécily Lucas
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Endocriniennes, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Endocrinologie Diabétologie CHU Clermont Ferrand, 58 rue Montalembert, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Institut GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development), CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Omar MH, Byrne DP, Jones KN, Lakey TM, Collins KB, Lee KS, Daly LA, Forbush KA, Lau HT, Golkowski M, McKnight GS, Breault DT, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Eyers CE, Baird GS, Ong SE, Smith FD, Eyers PA, Scott JD. Mislocalization of protein kinase A drives pathology in Cushing's syndrome. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111073. [PMID: 35830806 PMCID: PMC9311266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc) drive the stress hormone disorder adrenal Cushing's syndrome. We define mechanisms of action for the PKAc-L205R and W196R variants. Proximity proteomic techniques demonstrate that both Cushing's mutants are excluded from A kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP)-signaling islands, whereas live-cell photoactivation microscopy reveals that these kinase mutants indiscriminately diffuse throughout the cell. Only cAMP analog drugs that displace native PKAc from AKAPs enhance cortisol release. Rescue experiments that incorporate PKAc mutants into AKAP complexes abolish cortisol overproduction, indicating that kinase anchoring restores normal endocrine function. Analyses of adrenal-specific PKAc-W196R knockin mice and Cushing's syndrome patient tissue reveal defective signaling mechanisms of the disease. Surprisingly each Cushing's mutant engages a different mitogenic-signaling pathway, with upregulation of YAP/TAZ by PKAc-L205R and ERK kinase activation by PKAc-W196R. Thus, aberrant spatiotemporal regulation of each Cushing's variant promotes the transmission of distinct downstream pathogenic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kiana N Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tyler M Lakey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kerrie B Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leonard A Daly
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Katherine A Forbush
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ho-Tak Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martin Golkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Geoffrey S Baird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F Donelson Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Djari C, Sahut-Barnola I, Septier A, Plotton I, Montanier N, Dufour D, Levasseur A, Wilmouth J, Pointud JC, Faucz FR, Kamilaris C, Lopez AG, Guillou F, Swain A, Vainio SJ, Tauveron I, Val P, Lefebvre H, Stratakis CA, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Protein kinase A drives paracrine crisis and WNT4-dependent testis tumor in Carney complex. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146910. [PMID: 34850745 DOI: 10.1172/jci146910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs) are among the most frequent lesions occurring in male Carney complex (CNC) patients. Although they constitute a key diagnostic criterion for this rare multiple neoplasia syndrome resulting from inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor PRKAR1A, leading to unrepressed PKA activity, LCCSCT pathogenesis and origin remain elusive. Mouse models targeting Prkar1a inactivation in all somatic populations or separately in each cell type were generated to decipher the molecular and paracrine networks involved in the induction of CNC testis lesions. We demonstrate that the Prkar1a mutation was required in both stromal and Sertoli cells for the occurrence of LCCSCTs. Integrative analyses comparing transcriptomic, immunohistological data and phenotype of mutant mouse combinations led to the understanding of human LCCSCT pathogenesis and demonstrated PKA-induced paracrine molecular circuits in which the aberrant WNT4 signal production is a limiting step in shaping intratubular lesions and tumor expansion both in a mouse model and in human CNC testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Djari
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Amandine Septier
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- UM Pathologies Endocriniennes Rénales Musculaires et Mucoviscidose, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James Wilmouth
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal Kamilaris
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and CIC-CRB 140h4, Rouen, France
| | | | - Amanda Swain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Igor Tauveron
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and CIC-CRB 140h4, Rouen, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine Martinez
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fudulu DP, Horn G, Hazell G, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Angelini GD, Lightman SL, Spiga F. Co-culture of monocytes and zona fasciculata adrenal cells: An in vitro model to study the immune-adrenal cross-talk. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 526:111195. [PMID: 33571577 PMCID: PMC8024787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is the primary neuroendocrine system activated to re-establish homeostasis during periods of stress, including critical illness and major surgery. During critical illness, evidence suggests that locally induced inflammation of the adrenal gland could facilitate immune-adrenal cross-talk and, in turn, modulate cortisol secretion. It has been hypothesized that immune cells are necessary to mediate the effect of inflammatory stimuli on the steroidogenic pathway that has been observed in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we developed and characterized a trans-well co-culture model of THP1 (human monocytic cell)-derived macrophages and ATC7 murine zona fasciculata adrenocortical cells. We found that co-culture of ATC7 and THP1 cells results in a significant increase in the basal levels of IL-6 mRNA in ATC7 cells, and this effect was potentiated by treatment with LPS. Addition of LPS to co-cultures of ATC7 and THP1 significantly decreased the expression of key adrenal steroidogenic enzymes (including StAR and DAX-1), and this was also found in ATC7 cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, 24-h treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone prevented the effects of LPS stimulation on IL-6, StAR and DAX-1 mRNA in ATC7 cells co-cultured with THP1 cells. Our data suggest that the expression of IL-6 and steroidogenic genes in response to LPS depends on the activation of intra-adrenal immune cells. Moreover, we also show that the effects of LPS can be modulated by glucocorticoids in a time- and dose-dependent manner with potential implications for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Fudulu
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom; Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, 68 Horfield Rd, Bristol, BS2 8ED, United Kingdom.
| | - George Horn
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Hazell
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, 68 Horfield Rd, Bristol, BS2 8ED, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Spiga
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Francis JC, Gardiner JR, Renaud Y, Chauhan R, Weinstein Y, Gomez-Sanchez C, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Bertherat J, Val P, Swain A. HOX genes promote cell proliferation and are potential therapeutic targets in adrenocortical tumours. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:805-816. [PMID: 33214683 PMCID: PMC7884796 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the pathways that drive adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is essential to the development of more effective therapies. This study investigates the role of the transcription factor HOXB9 and other HOX factors in ACC and its treatment. Methods We used transgenic mouse models to determine the role of Hoxb9 in adrenal tumour development. Patient transcriptomic data was analysed for the expression of HOX genes and their association with disease. Drug response studies on various adrenocortical models were done to establish novel therapeutic options. Results Our human ACC dataset analyses showed high expression of HOXB9, and other HOX factors, are associated with poorer prognosis. Transgenic overexpression of Hoxb9 in the adrenal cortex of mice with activated Ctnnb1 led to larger adrenal tumours. This phenotype was preferentially observed in male mice and was characterised by more proliferating cells and an increase in the expression of cell cycle genes, including Ccne1. Adrenal tumour cells were found to be dependent on HOX function for survival and were sensitive to a specific peptide inhibitor. Conclusions These studies show Hoxb9 can promote adrenal tumour progression in a sex-dependent manner and have identified HOX factors as potential drug targets, leading to novel therapeutic approaches in ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Francis
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Jennifer R Gardiner
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Yoan Renaud
- Genétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ritika Chauhan
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Yacob Weinstein
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Celso Gomez-Sanchez
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, 1500 E. Woodrow Wilson Dr, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Genétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S1016, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Genétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amanda Swain
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith LIF, Huang V, Olah M, Trinh L, Liu Y, Hazell G, Conway-Campbell B, Zhao Z, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Lightman S, Spiga F, Aguilera G. Involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC) in transcriptional activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) by ACTH. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110612. [PMID: 31604124 PMCID: PMC6899503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies in vivo have suggested the involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC)2 on ACTH-induced transcription of the key steroidogenic protein, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR). The present study uses two ACTH-responsive adrenocortical cell lines, to examine the role of CRTC on Star transcription. Here we show that ACTH-induced Star primary transcript, or heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA), parallels rapid increases in nuclear levels of the 3 isoforms of CRTC; CRTC1, CRTC2 and CRTC3. Furthermore, ACTH promotes recruitment of CRTC2 and CRTC3 by the Star promoter and siRNA knockdown of either CRTC3 or CRTC2 attenuates the increases in ACTH-induced Star hnRNA. Using pharmacological inhibitors of PKA, MAP kinase and calcineurin, we show that the effects of ACTH on Star transcription and CRTC nuclear translocation depend predominantly on the PKA pathway. The data provides evidence that CRTC2 and CRTC3, contribute to activation of Star transcription by ACTH, and that PKA/CRTC-dependent pathways are part of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating Star transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna I F Smith
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Victoria Huang
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Olah
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loc Trinh
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgina Hazell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Becky Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Francesca Spiga
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Greti Aguilera
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moriizumi S, Gourdon L, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Kahn A, Raymondjean M. Effect of different basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper factors on the glucose response unit of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene. Gene Expr 2018; 7:103-13. [PMID: 9699482 PMCID: PMC6190201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is mediated through its glucose response element (GlRE/L4 box) composed of two degenerated E-boxes. Upstream stimulatory factor (USF) is a component of the transcriptional glucose response complex built up on the GlRE. Cooperation of the GlRE with the contiguous binding site (L3 box) for the orphan nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) has also been suggested. We compared by transient transfection assays the effects of USF2a and other basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) factors (TFE3, c-Myc, SREBP/ADD1) on the activity and glucose responsiveness of a minimal L-PK promoter directed by oligomerized glucose response units (L4L3 boxes). We found that: (i) although USF2a is intrinsically a moderate transcriptional activator, it has a strong stimulatory effect on the activity of the L4L3-based reporter construct in hepatocyte-derived cells and interferes with the glucose responsiveness; (ii) despite its potent ability as a transactivator, TFE3 alone is barely active on the GlRE in hepatocyte-derived cells; (iii) TFE3 as USF2a acts synergistically with HNF4 and abolishes glucose responsiveness of the promoter when overexpressed; (iv) in contrast, overexpression of HNF4 alone stimulates activity of the promoter without interfering with glucose responsiveness; (v) SREBP/ADD1 has a very weak activity on the L4L3 elements, only detectable in the presence of HNF4, and c-Myc does not interact with the GIRE of the L-PK promoter. Our studies indicate that different bHLH-LZ transcription factors known to recognize CACGTG-type E-boxes are not equivalent in acting through the L-PK glucose response element, with USF proteins being especially efficient in hepatocyte-derived cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriizumi
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, CHU Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Gourdon
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, CHU Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, CHU Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Axel Kahn
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, CHU Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Address correspondence to Axel Kahn. Tel: 33 1 44 41 24 24; Fax: 33 1 44 41 24 21; E-mail:
| | - Michel Raymondjean
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 129, CHU Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dumontet T, Sahut-Barnola I, Septier A, Montanier N, Plotton I, Roucher-Boulez F, Ducros V, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Pointud JC, Zubair M, Morohashi KI, Breault DT, Val P, Martinez A. Adrenocortical development: Lessons from mouse models. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2018; 79:95-97. [PMID: 29673697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adrenocortical gland undergoes structural and functional remodelling in the fetal and postnatal periods. After birth, the fetal zone of the gland undergoes rapid involution in favor of the definitive cortex, which reaches maturity with the emergence of the zona reticularis(zR) at the adrenarche. The mechanisms underlying the adrenarche, the process leading to pre-puberty elevation of plasma androgens in higher primates, remain unknown, largely due to lack of any experimental model. By following up fetal and definitive cortex cell lines in mice, we showed that activation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling mainly impacts the adult cortex by stimulating centripetal regeneration, with differentiation and then conversion of the zona fasciculata into a functional zR. Animals developed Cushing syndrome associated with primary hyperaldosteronism, suggesting possible coexistence of these hypersecretions in certain patients. Remarkably, all of these traits were sex-dependent: testicular androgens promoted WNT signaling antagonism on PKA, slowing cortical renewal and delaying onset of Cushing syndrome and the establishment of the zR in male mice, this being corrected by orchidectomy. In conclusion, zR derives from centripetal conversion of the zona fasciculata under cellular renewal induced by PKA signaling, determining the size of the adult cortex. Finally, we demonstrated that this PKA-dependent mobilization of cortical progenitors is sexually dimorphic and could, if confirmed in humans, account for female preponderance in adrenocortical pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- GReD, CNRS, Inserm, université Clermont-Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Amandine Septier
- GReD, CNRS, Inserm, université Clermont-Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular endocrinology and rare diseases, university hospital, Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- Molecular endocrinology and rare diseases, university hospital, Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Véronique Ducros
- Unit of hormone and nutrition, department of biochemistry, university hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Mohamad Zubair
- Department of molecular biology, graduate school of medical sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of molecular biology, graduate school of medical sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - David T Breault
- Division of endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, department of pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pierre Val
- GReD, CNRS, Inserm, université Clermont-Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- GReD, CNRS, Inserm, université Clermont-Auvergne, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dumontet T, Sahut-Barnola I, Septier A, Montanier N, Plotton I, Roucher-Boulez F, Ducros V, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Pointud JC, Zubair M, Morohashi KI, Breault DT, Val P, Martinez A. PKA signaling drives reticularis differentiation and sexually dimorphic adrenal cortex renewal. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98394. [PMID: 29367455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal cortex undergoes remodeling during fetal and postnatal life. How zona reticularis emerges in the postnatal gland to support adrenarche, a process whereby higher primates increase prepubertal androgen secretion, is unknown. Using cell-fate mapping and gene deletion studies in mice, we show that activation of PKA has no effect on the fetal cortex, while it accelerates regeneration of the adult cortex, triggers zona fasciculata differentiation that is subsequently converted into a functional reticularis-like zone, and drives hypersecretion syndromes. Remarkably, PKA effects are influenced by sex. Indeed, testicular androgens increase WNT signaling that antagonizes PKA, leading to slower adrenocortical cell turnover and delayed phenotype whereas gonadectomy sensitizes males to hypercorticism and reticularis-like formation. Thus, reticularis results from ultimate centripetal conversion of adult cortex under the combined effects of PKA and cell turnover that dictate organ size. We show that PKA-induced progenitor recruitment is sexually dimorphic and may provide a paradigm for overrepresentation of women in adrenal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Amandine Septier
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Véronique Ducros
- Unit of Hormone and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Mohamad Zubair
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Val
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Drelon C, Berthon A, Sahut-Barnola I, Mathieu M, Dumontet T, Rodriguez S, Batisse-Lignier M, Tabbal H, Tauveron I, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Pointud JC, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Vainio S, Shan J, Sacco S, Schedl A, Stratakis CA, Martinez A, Val P. PKA inhibits WNT signalling in adrenal cortex zonation and prevents malignant tumour development. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12751. [PMID: 27624192 PMCID: PMC5027289 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortex physiology relies on functional zonation, essential for production of aldosterone by outer zona glomerulosa (ZG) and glucocorticoids by inner zona fasciculata (ZF). The cortex undergoes constant cell renewal, involving recruitment of subcapsular progenitors to ZG fate and subsequent lineage conversion to ZF identity. Here we show that WNT4 is an important driver of WNT pathway activation and subsequent ZG differentiation and demonstrate that PKA activation prevents ZG differentiation through WNT4 repression and WNT pathway inhibition. This suggests that PKA activation in ZF is a key driver of WNT inhibition and lineage conversion. Furthermore, we provide evidence that constitutive PKA activation inhibits, whereas partial inactivation of PKA catalytic activity stimulates β-catenin-induced tumorigenesis. Together, both lower PKA activity and higher WNT pathway activity lead to poorer prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients. These observations suggest that PKA acts as a tumour suppressor in the adrenal cortex, through repression of WNT signalling. The adrenal cortex undergoes functional zonation to generate an outer zona glomerulosa (ZG) and inner zona fasciculata (ZF), but how this is regulated at a molecular level is unclear. Here, the authors show that ZG differentiation is stimulated by WNT signalling and that PKA blocks WNT signalling to allow ZF differentiation and also prevents WNT-induced cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Drelon
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France.,Developmental Endocrine Oncology and Genetics, Section on Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA
| | | | - Mickaël Mathieu
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Rodriguez
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Houda Tabbal
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.,Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jingdong Shan
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonia Sacco
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR 7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR 7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Developmental Endocrine Oncology and Genetics, Section on Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA
| | - Antoine Martinez
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Val
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Drelon C, Berthon A, Mathieu M, Ragazzon B, Kuick R, Tabbal H, Septier A, Rodriguez S, Batisse-Lignier M, Sahut-Barnola I, Dumontet T, Pointud JC, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Baron S, Giordano TJ, Bertherat J, Martinez A, Val P. EZH2 is overexpressed in adrenocortical carcinoma and is associated with disease progression. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2789-2800. [PMID: 27149985 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive tumour with poor prognosis. Common alterations in patients include constitutive WNT/β-catenin signalling and overexpression of the growth factor IGF2. However, the combination of both alterations in transgenic mice is not sufficient to trigger malignant tumour progression, suggesting that other alterations are required to allow development of carcinomas. Here, we have conducted a study of publicly available gene expression data from three cohorts of ACC patients to identify relevant alterations. Our data show that the histone methyltransferase EZH2 is overexpressed in ACC in the three cohorts. This overexpression is the result of deregulated P53/RB/E2F pathway activity and is associated with increased proliferation and poorer prognosis in patients. Inhibition of EZH2 by RNA interference or pharmacological treatment with DZNep inhibits cellular growth, wound healing and clonogenic growth and induces apoptosis of H295R cells in culture. Further growth inhibition is obtained when DZNep is combined with mitotane, the gold-standard treatment for ACC. Altogether, these observations suggest that overexpression of EZH2 is associated with aggressive progression and may constitute an interesting therapeutic target in the context of ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Drelon
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA
| | - Mickael Mathieu
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Houda Tabbal
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Septier
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Rodriguez
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine, F- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Silvère Baron
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- CNRS, UMR6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pastel E, Pointud JC, Loubeau G, Dani C, Slim K, Martin G, Volat F, Sahut-Barnola I, Val P, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Aldose reductases influence prostaglandin F2α levels and adipocyte differentiation in male mouse and human species. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1671-84. [PMID: 25730106 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductases (AKR1B) are widely expressed oxidoreductases whose physiological function remains elusive. Some isoforms are genuine prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) synthases, suggesting they might influence adipose homeostasis because PGF2α inhibits adipogenesis. This was shown by Akr1b7 gene ablation in the mouse, which resulted in increased adiposity related to a lower PGF2α content in fat. Yet humans have no ortholog gene for Akr1b7, so the role of aldose reductases in human adipose homeostasis remains to be explored. We analyzed expression of genes encoding human and mouse aldose reductase isoforms in adipose tissues and differentiating adipocytes to assess conserved mechanisms regulating PGF2α synthesis and adipogenesis. The Akr1b3 gene encoded the most abundant isoform in mouse adipose tissue, whereas Akr1b7 encoded the only isoform enriched in the stromal vascular fraction. Most mouse aldose reductase gene expression peaked in early adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and diminished with differentiation. In contrast with its mouse ortholog Akr1b3, AKR1B1 expression increased throughout differentiation of human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells, paralleling PGF2α release, whereas PGF2α receptor (FP) levels collapsed in early differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase using Statil altered PGF2α production and enhanced human multipotent adipose-derived stem adipocyte differentiation. As expected, the adipogenic effects of Statil were counteracted by an FP agonist (cloprostenol). Thus, in both species aldose reductase-dependent PGF2α production could be important in early differentiation to restrict adipogenesis. PGF2α antiadipogenic signaling could then be toned down through the FP receptor or aldose reductases down-regulation in human and mouse cells, respectively. Our data suggest that aldose reductase inhibitors could have obesogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pastel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293 (E.P., J.-C.P., G.L., I.S.-B., P.V., A.M., A.-M.L.-M.), INSERM Unité 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière, France; iBV (C.D.), Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06189 Nice, France; Service de Chirurgie Digestive (K.S., G.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048 (F.V.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Joussineau C, Sahut-Barnola I, Tissier F, Dumontet T, Drelon C, Batisse-Lignier M, Tauveron I, Pointud JC, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Stratakis CA, Bertherat J, Val P, Martinez A. mTOR pathway is activated by PKA in adrenocortical cells and participates in vivo to apoptosis resistance in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5418-28. [PMID: 24865460 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is associated with inactivating mutations of the PRKAR1A tumor suppressor gene that encodes the regulatory subunit R1α of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In human and mouse adrenocortical cells, these mutations lead to increased PKA activity, which results in increased resistance to apoptosis that contributes to the tumorigenic process. We used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the possibility of a crosstalk between PKA and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in adrenocortical cells and its possible involvement in apoptosis resistance. Impact of PKA signaling on activation of the mTOR pathway and apoptosis was measured in a mouse model of PPNAD (AdKO mice), in human and mouse adrenocortical cell lines in response to pharmacological inhibitors and in PPNAD tissues by immunohistochemistry. AdKO mice showed increased mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway activity. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin restored sensitivity of adrenocortical cells to apoptosis in AdKO but not in wild-type mice. In both cell lines and mouse adrenals, rapid phosphorylation of mTORC1 targets including BAD proapoptotic protein was observed in response to PKA activation. Accordingly, BAD hyperphosphorylation, which inhibits its proapoptotic activity, was increased in both AdKO mouse adrenals and human PPNAD tissues. In conclusion, mTORC1 pathway is activated by PKA signaling in human and mouse adrenocortical cells, leading to increased cell survival, which is correlated with BAD hyperphosphorylation. These alterations could be causative of tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille de Joussineau
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris 75014, France, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pathology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France, Department of Pathology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Coralie Drelon
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France and
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France and
| | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, PDEGEN, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris 75014, France, Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pathology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63012, France, CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France, GReD, INSERM, U1103, Aubière Cedex 63171, France,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berthon A, Drelon C, Ragazzon B, Boulkroun S, Tissier F, Amar L, Samson-Couterie B, Zennaro MC, Plouin PF, Skah S, Plateroti M, Lefèbvre H, Sahut-Barnola I, Batisse-Lignier M, Assié G, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Bertherat J, Martinez A, Val P. WNT/β-catenin signalling is activated in aldosterone-producing adenomas and controls aldosterone production. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:889-905. [PMID: 24087794 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the main cause of secondary hypertension, resulting from adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) or bilateral hyperplasia. Here, we show that constitutive activation of WNT/β-catenin signalling is the most frequent molecular alteration found in 70% of APA. We provide evidence that decreased expression of the WNT inhibitor SFRP2 may be contributing to deregulated WNT signalling and APA development in patients. This is supported by the demonstration that mice with genetic ablation of Sfrp2 have increased aldosterone production and ectopic differentiation of zona glomerulosa cells. We further show that β-catenin plays an essential role in the control of basal and Angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, by activating AT1R, CYP21 and CYP11B2 transcription. This relies on both LEF/TCF-dependent activation of AT1R and CYP21 regulatory regions and indirect activation of CYP21 and CYP11B2 promoters, through increased expression of the nuclear receptors NURR1 and NUR77. Altogether, these data show that aberrant WNT/β-catenin activation is associated with APA development and suggest that WNT pathway may be a good therapeutic target in PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Berthon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Volat FE, Pointud JC, Pastel E, Morio B, Sion B, Hamard G, Guichardant M, Colas R, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A. Depressed levels of prostaglandin F2α in mice lacking Akr1b7 increase basal adiposity and predispose to diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:2796-806. [PMID: 22851578 PMCID: PMC3478517 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Negative regulators of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion are poorly documented in vivo. Prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) is a potent antiadipogenic factor in cultured preadipocytes, but evidence for its involvement in physiological context is lacking. We previously reported that Akr1b7, an aldo-keto reductase enriched in adipose stromal vascular fraction but absent from mature adipocytes, has antiadipogenic properties possibly supported by PGF(2α) synthase activity. To test whether lack of Akr1b7 could influence WAT homeostasis in vivo, we generated Akr1b7(-/-) mice in 129/Sv background. Akr1b7(-/-) mice displayed excessive basal adiposity resulting from adipocyte hyperplasia/hypertrophy and exhibited greater sensitivity to diet-induced obesity. Following adipose enlargement and irrespective of the diet, they developed liver steatosis and progressive insulin resistance. Akr1b7 loss was associated with decreased PGF(2α) WAT contents. Cloprostenol (PGF(2α) agonist) administration to Akr1b7(-/-) mice normalized WAT expansion by affecting both de novo adipocyte differentiation and size. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Akr1b7(-/-) mice with cloprostenol suggested that decreased adipocyte size resulted from inhibition of lipogenic gene expression. Hence, Akr1b7 is a major regulator of WAT development through at least two PGF(2α)-dependent mechanisms: inhibition of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. These findings provide molecular rationale to explore the status of aldo-keto reductases in dysregulations of adipose tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny E. Volat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1103–Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1103–Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Emilie Pastel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1103–Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1019, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Sion
- EA975, Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ghislaine Hamard
- Plate-Forme de Recombinaison Homologue, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U870, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1235, INSA-Lyon, RMND/Institut Multidisciplinaire de Biochimie des Lipides, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Romain Colas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U870, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1235, INSA-Lyon, RMND/Institut Multidisciplinaire de Biochimie des Lipides, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1103–Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1103–Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- Corresponding author: Antoine Martinez,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Drelon C, Berthon A, Ragazzon B, Tissier F, Bandiera R, Sahut-Barnola I, de Joussineau C, Batisse-Lignier M, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Bertherat J, Martinez A, Val P. Analysis of the role of Igf2 in adrenal tumour development in transgenic mouse models. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44171. [PMID: 22952916 PMCID: PMC3429465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortical carcinomas (ACC) are rare but aggressive tumours associated with poor prognosis. The two most frequent alterations in ACC in patients are overexpression of the growth factor IGF2 and constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Using a transgenic mouse model, we have previously shown that constitutive active β-catenin is a bona fide adrenal oncogene. However, although all these mice developed benign adrenal hyperplasia, malignant progression was infrequent, suggesting that secondary genetic events were required for aggressive tumour development. In the present paper, we have tested IGF2 oncogenic properties by developing two distinct transgenic mouse models of Igf2 overexpression in the adrenal cortex. Our analysis shows that despite overexpression levels ranging from 7 (basal) to 87 (ACTH-induced) fold, Igf2 has no tumour initiating potential in the adrenal cortex. However, it induces aberrant accumulation of Gli1 and Pod1-positive progenitor cells, in a hedgehog-independent manner. We have also tested the hypothesis that Igf2 may cooperate with Wnt signalling by mating Igf2 overexpressing lines with mice that express constitutive active β-catenin in the adrenal cortex. We show that the combination of both alterations has no effect on tumour phenotype at stages when β-catenin-induced tumours are benign. However, there is a mild promoting effect at later stages, characterised by increased Weiss score and proliferation. Formation of malignant tumours is nonetheless a rare event, even when Igf2 expression is further increased by ACTH treatment. Altogether these experiments suggest that the growth factor IGF2 is a mild contributor to malignant adrenocortical tumourigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Drelon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France
- Inserm U1103, GReD, Aubière, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pastel E, Pointud JC, Volat F, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Aldo-Keto Reductases 1B in Endocrinology and Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:148. [PMID: 22876234 PMCID: PMC3410611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aldose reductase (AR; human AKR1B1/mouse Akr1b3) has been the focus of many research because of its role in diabetic complications. The starting point of these alterations is the massive entry of glucose in polyol pathway where it is converted into sorbitol by this enzyme. However, the issue of AR function in non-diabetic condition remains unresolved. AR-like enzymes (AKR1B10, Akr1b7, and Akr1b8) are highly related isoforms often co-expressed with bona fide AR, making functional analysis of one or the other isoform a challenging task. AKR1B/Akr1b members share at least 65% protein identity and the general ability to reduce many redundant substrates such as aldehydes provided from lipid peroxidation, steroids and their by-products, and xenobiotics in vitro. Based on these properties, AKR1B/Akr1b are generally considered as detoxifying enzymes. Considering that divergences should be more informative than similarities to help understanding their physiological functions, we chose to review specific hallmarks of each human/mouse isoforms by focusing on tissue distribution and specific mechanisms of gene regulation. Indeed, although the AR shows ubiquitous expression, AR-like proteins exhibit tissue-specific patterns of expression. We focused on three organs where certain isoforms are enriched, the adrenal gland, enterohepatic, and adipose tissues and tried to connect recent enzymatic and regulation data with endocrine and metabolic functions of these organs. We presented recent mouse models showing unsuspected physiological functions in the regulation of glucido-lipidic metabolism and adipose tissue homeostasis. Beyond the widely accepted idea that AKR1B/Akr1b are detoxification enzymes, these recent reports provide growing evidences that they are able to modify or generate signal molecules. This conceptually shifts this class of enzymes from unenviable status of scavenger to upper class of messengers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pastel
- CNRS, UMR6293/INSERM U1103, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université Aubière, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sahut-Barnola I, de Joussineau C, Val P, Lambert-Langlais S, Damon C, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Pointud JC, Marceau G, Sapin V, Tissier F, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J, Kirschner LS, Stratakis CA, Martinez A. Cushing's syndrome and fetal features resurgence in adrenal cortex-specific Prkar1a knockout mice. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000980. [PMID: 20548949 PMCID: PMC2883593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carney complex (CNC) is an inherited neoplasia syndrome with endocrine overactivity. Its most frequent endocrine manifestation is primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), a bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia causing pituitary-independent Cushing's syndrome. Inactivating mutations in PRKAR1A, a gene encoding the type 1 α-regulatory subunit (R1α) of the cAMP–dependent protein kinase (PKA) have been found in 80% of CNC patients with Cushing's syndrome. To demonstrate the implication of R1α loss in the initiation and development of PPNAD, we generated mice lacking Prkar1a specifically in the adrenal cortex (AdKO). AdKO mice develop pituitary-independent Cushing's syndrome with increased PKA activity. This leads to autonomous steroidogenic genes expression and deregulated adreno-cortical cells differentiation, increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Unexpectedly, R1α loss results in improper maintenance and centrifugal expansion of cortisol-producing fetal adrenocortical cells with concomitant regression of adult cortex. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence that loss of R1α is sufficient to induce autonomous adrenal hyper-activity and bilateral hyperplasia, both observed in human PPNAD. Furthermore, this model demonstrates that deregulated PKA activity favors the emergence of a new cell population potentially arising from the fetal adrenal, giving new insight into the mechanisms leading to PPNAD. Carney complex is a rare familial disease characterized by a predisposition to develop multiple endocrine tumors and highly morbid syndromes due to endocrine overactivities. Its most frequent endocrine manifestation, hypersecretion of glucocorticoids i.e. Cushing's syndrome, is caused by micronodular adrenal gland hyperplasia, an unusual neoplasia which combines both hyperplastic and atrophic areas. Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding the regulatory subunit 1α (R1α) of the cAMP–dependent protein kinase were frequently found in these patients, but the causal link between loss of R1α and onset of this adrenal disorder had not yet been established. Here, we describe the first mouse model mimicking this disease and provide mechanistic insights into endocrine overactivity and neoplastic transformation. Indeed, we show that lack of R1α induces autonomous expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis and resurgence of hyperplastic fetal-like cells with concomitant defects in cell renewal of the adult cortex. Our data therefore represent a substantial conceptual advance on the cellular dynamics involved in adrenal gland homeostasis. They suggest that regression of fetal structures may be important to establish normal endocrine functions and to allow cell renewal in the definitive cortex. Failure to clear out cells of fetal features in R1α-deficient adrenals leads to morbid hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Val
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Sarah Lambert-Langlais
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Christelle Damon
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Pointud
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie, CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie, CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Tissier
- INSERM U567, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Department of Endocrinologie, Métabolisme, et Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- INSERM U567, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Department of Endocrinologie, Métabolisme, et Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- INSERM U567, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Department of Endocrinologie, Métabolisme, et Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, France
| | - Lawrence S. Kirschner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Antoine Martinez
- CNRS UMR6247, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Clermont Université, Aubière, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berthon A, Sahut-Barnola I, Lambert-Langlais S, de Joussineau C, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Louiset E, Taketo MM, Tissier F, Bertherat J, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Val P. Constitutive beta-catenin activation induces adrenal hyperplasia and promotes adrenal cancer development. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1561-76. [PMID: 20106872 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare but aggressive cancer with unknown aetiology. Constitutive activation of beta-catenin is the most frequent alteration in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours in patients. Here, we show that constitutive activation of beta-catenin in the adrenal cortex of transgenic mice resulted in progressive steroidogenic and undifferentiated spindle-shaped cells hyperplasia as well as dysplasia of the cortex and medulla. Over a 17 months time course, transgenic adrenals developed malignant characteristics such as uncontrolled neovascularization and loco-regional metastatic invasion. These oncogenic events were accompanied by ectopic differentiation of glomerulosa at the expense of fasciculata cells, which caused primary hyperaldosteronism. Altogether these observations demonstrate that constitutively active beta-catenin is an adrenal oncogene which triggers benign aldosterone-secreting tumour development and promotes malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Berthon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lambert-Langlais S, Pointud JC, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Volat F, Manin M, Coudoré F, Val P, Sahut-Barnola I, Ragazzon B, Louiset E, Delarue C, Lefebvre H, Urade Y, Martinez A. Aldo keto reductase 1B7 and prostaglandin F2alpha are regulators of adrenal endocrine functions. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7309. [PMID: 19809495 PMCID: PMC2752802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), represses ovarian steroidogenesis and initiates parturition in mammals but its impact on adrenal gland is unknown. Prostaglandins biosynthesis depends on the sequential action of upstream cyclooxygenases (COX) and terminal synthases but no PGF2α synthases (PGFS) were functionally identified in mammalian cells. In vitro, the most efficient mammalian PGFS belong to aldo-keto reductase 1B (AKR1B) family. The adrenal gland is a major site of AKR1B expression in both human (AKR1B1) and mouse (AKR1B3, AKR1B7). Thus, we examined the PGF2α biosynthetic pathway and its functional impact on both cortical and medullary zones. Both compartments produced PGF2α but expressed different biosynthetic isozymes. In chromaffin cells, PGF2α secretion appeared constitutive and correlated to continuous expression of COX1 and AKR1B3. In steroidogenic cells, PGF2α secretion was stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and correlated to ACTH-responsiveness of both COX2 and AKR1B7/B1. The pivotal role of AKR1B7 in ACTH-induced PGF2α release and functional coupling with COX2 was demonstrated using over- and down-expression in cell lines. PGF2α receptor was only detected in chromaffin cells, making medulla the primary target of PGF2α action. By comparing PGF2α-responsiveness of isolated cells and whole adrenal cultures, we demonstrated that PGF2α repressed glucocorticoid secretion by an indirect mechanism involving a decrease in catecholamine release which in turn decreased adrenal steroidogenesis. PGF2α may be regarded as a negative autocrine/paracrine regulator within a novel intra-adrenal feedback loop. The coordinated cell-specific regulation of COX2 and AKR1B7 ensures the generation of this stress-induced corticostatic signal.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lambert-Langlais S, Val P, Guyot S, Ragazzon B, Sahut-Barnola I, De Haze A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A. A transgenic mouse line with specific Cre recombinase expression in the adrenal cortex. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 300:197-204. [PMID: 19041690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system combined with gene targeting strategies has proven to be very useful for gene inactivation in specific tissues and/or cell types. To achieve adrenal cortex specific recombination in vivo, we used a 0.5-kb fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the akr1b7 gene to drive Cre expression in adrenocortical cells. The resulting 0.5 akr1b7-Cre mice express Cre in all steroidogenic zones of the adrenal cortex but not in the gonads. Although recombination of the ROSA26R reporter locus was not observed in all cortical cells, we provide evidence that Cre is expressed in all the cells of the cortex in adult mice. In addition, Cre activity was found in collecting ducts and maturing glomeruli of the kidney. This line is the first to show specific Cre expression in the adrenal cortex in the absence of Cre expression in the gonads. This transgene thus provides a valuable tool for specific gene recombination in the adrenal cortex and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lambert-Langlais
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de Recherche 6247, Institut National de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 931, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kabututu Z, Manin M, Pointud JC, Maruyama T, Nagata N, Lambert S, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Urade Y. Prostaglandin F2alpha synthase activities of aldo-keto reductase 1B1, 1B3 and 1B7. J Biochem 2008; 145:161-8. [PMID: 19010934 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that three enzymes belonging to the 1B group of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, i.e., human placental aldose reductase (AKR1B1), mouse kidney aldose reductase (AKR1B3) and mouse vas deferens protein (AKR1B7), catalyse the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) H(2), a common intermediate of various prostanoids, to form PGF(2alpha) in the presence of NADPH. AKR1B1, AKR1B3 and AKR1B7 displayed higher affinities for PGH(2) (K(m) = 1.9, 9.3 and 3.8 microM, respectively) and V(max) values (26, 53 and 44 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively) than did the human lung PGF(2alpha) synthase (AKR1C3; 18 microM and 4 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). The PGF(2alpha) synthase activity of AKR1B1 and AKR1B3 was efficiently inhibited by two AKR inhibitors, tolrestat (K(i) = 3.6 and 0.26 microM, respectively) and sorbinil (K(i) = 21.7 and 0.89 microM, respectively), in a non-competitive or mixed-type manner, whereas that of AKR1B7 was not sensitive to these inhibitors (K(i) = 9.2 and 18 mM, respectively). These data provide a molecular basis for investigating novel functional roles for AKR1B members and PGF(2alpha) as mediators of physiological and pathological processes in mammalian organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakayi Kabututu
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, 6-2-4 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cummins CL, Volle DH, Zhang Y, McDonald JG, Sion B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Caira F, Veyssière G, Mangelsdorf DJ, Lobaccaro JMA. Liver X receptors regulate adrenal cholesterol balance. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1902-12. [PMID: 16823488 PMCID: PMC1483175 DOI: 10.1172/jci28400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is the obligate precursor to adrenal steroids but is cytotoxic at high concentrations. Here, we show the role of the liver X receptors (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) in preventing accumulation of free cholesterol in mouse adrenal glands by controlling expression of genes involved in all aspects of cholesterol utilization, including the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR, a novel LXR target. Under chronic dietary stress, adrenal glands from Lxralphabeta-/- mice accumulated free cholesterol. In contrast, wild-type animals maintained cholesterol homeostasis through basal expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and storage (ABC transporter A1 [ABCA1], apoE, SREBP-1c) while preventing steroidogenic gene (StAR) expression. Upon treatment with an LXR agonist that mimics activation by oxysterols, expression of these target genes was increased. Basally, Lxralphabeta-/- mice exhibited a marked decrease in ABCA1 and a derepression of StAR expression, causing a net decrease in cholesterol efflux and an increase in steroidogenesis. These changes occurred under conditions that prevented the acute stress response and resulted in a phenotype more specific to the loss of LXRalpha, including hypercorticosteronemia, cholesterol ester accumulation, and adrenomegaly. These results imply LXRalpha provides a safety valve to limit free cholesterol levels as a basal protective mechanism in the adrenal gland, where cholesterol is under constant flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L. Cummins
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H. Volle
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoît Sion
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Veyssière
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David J. Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 6547, Aubière, France.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ragazzon B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Val P, Sahut-Barnola I, Tournaire C, Chambon C, Gachancard-Bouya JL, Begue RJ, Veyssière G, Martinez A. Adrenocorticotropin-dependent changes in SF-1/DAX-1 ratio influence steroidogenic genes expression in a novel model of glucocorticoid-producing adrenocortical cell lines derived from targeted tumorigenesis. Endocrinology 2006; 147:1805-18. [PMID: 16439455 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We established the first adrenocortical tumor cell lines with complete zona fasciculata (ZF) cell phenotype from tumors induced in transgenic mice by large T-antigen of simian virus 40 under the control of the aldose reductase-like akr1b7 gene promoter. Adrenocortical tumor cell lines produced high amounts of corticosterone and were responsive to ACTH. All genes that are supportive for glucocorticoid synthesis including cyp21a1 and cyp11b1 were expressed, and most of them were transiently up-regulated by ACTH at transcriptional level: stimulation culminated after 3-6 h and returned to basal levels after 24 h. Taking advantage of these cells, we have examined the effect of ACTH on DAX-1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on X-chromosome, gene 1) and SF-1 (steroidogenic factor 1), two transcription factors known to respectively repress and activate adrenocortical steroidogenesis by acting on common target genes. According to their antagonistic activities, DAX-1 mRNA and protein levels were transiently down-regulated by ACTH, whereas those of SF-1 were stimulated, with kinetics paralleling those of steroidogenic genes expression, notably of two known SF-1 target genes, star and akr1b7. This suggests an essential role of SF-1/DAX-1 proteins ratio to achieve proper ACTH control of steroidogenic gene expression in cells derived from ZF. This was confirmed in mice adrenals, where repression of dax-1 gene and concomitant up-regulation of sf-1, star, and akr1b7 genes were observed in response to ACTH stimulation. In conclusion, using both unique differentiated cell lines and in vivo approaches, we provide the first evidence that hormonally induced changes in SF-1/DAX-1 ratio are part of the molecular arsenal of ZF cells to fine tune ACTH responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ragazzon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6547 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Blaise Pascal Clermont II, Génétiques des Eucaryotes et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubière, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ragazzon B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Val P, Tournaire C, Berger M, Gachancard-Bouya JL, Bègue RJ, Veyssière G, Martinez A. ACTH and PRL sensitivity of highly differentiated cell lines obtained by adrenocortical targeted oncogenesis. Endocr Res 2004; 30:945-50. [PMID: 15666850 DOI: 10.1081/erc-200044168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We established cell lines from adrenal tumors of transgenic mice harboring the large T-antigen of simian virus 40 under the control of the adrenocortical specific promoter of the scavenger aldose reductase-like akr1b7 gene. Mass spectrometry analyses of serum-supplemented or serum-free culture media showed that ATC1 line secreted only corticosterone. These cells, propagated over 25 passages, were characterized with regard to ACTH and PRL responsiveness, as measured by increased corticosterone production, induction of genes involved in the different steps of steroidogenesis (cholesterol delivery, steroid biosynthesis and detoxification of by-products) and expression of transcriptional regulators (SF-1 and DAX1). Corticosterone secretion (RIA) in serum-free medium was stimulated over 12-fold after 6 h treatment with either 10(-9)M ACTH or PRL and both hormones seemed equivalent in promoting this secretion (149 +/- 14 ng and 145 +/- 18 ng/10(6) cells/6 h, respectively). As expected, Northern blots indicate that ATC1 cells expressed mRNAs for the enzymes of corticosterone metabolism CYP11B1 and CYP21A, as well as those for the proteins SIK, SRB1, StAR, CYP11A1, and AKR1B7. Interestingly, these cells have maintained not only the expression of SF-1 but also that of DAX1. No expression of the zona glomeruloza-specific cyp11b2 gene was detected. With the exception of cyp21a and mc2r genes which were constitutively expressed, most of the genes above mentioned were induced in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in response to ACTH or PRL while DAX1 was repressed. Importantly, hormone-mediated repression of DAX1 gene expression was also observed in vivo in mice adrenals. Altogether these data demonstrate that ATC1 line provided an unique model of well differentiated zona fasciculata immortalized cells suitable for the dissection of molecular events leading to ACTH and PRL regulation of adrenal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ragazzon
- UMR6547 CNRS-Université Clermont II GEEM, Aubière, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Bertherat J, Val P, Tournaire C, Gallo-Payet N, Hyndman D, Veyssière G, Bertagna X, Jean C, Martinez A. Decreased expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated aldose reductase (AKR1B1) is associated with malignancy in human sporadic adrenocortical tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:3010-9. [PMID: 15181092 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human aldose reductase, AKR1B1, participates in glucose metabolism and osmoregulation and is supposed to play a protective role against toxic aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation and steroidogenesis that could affect cell growth/differentiation when accumulated. Adrenal gland is a major site of expression of AKR1B1, and we asked whether changes in its expression could be associated with adrenal disorders. Therefore, we examined AKR1B1 gene expression in human fetal adrenals, adrenocortical cell line, and tumors and compared the results with the expression of steroidogenic genes (StAR and CYP11A) and regulators of adrenal cortex development [steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 (DAX1)]. Using specific antibodies, Northern blotting, and enzymatic assays, we present evidences that AKR1B1 detectable in 15-wk-old fetal glands is regulated by cAMP in NCI-H295 cells and thus that AKR1B1 is functionally related to the ACTH-responsive murine akr1b7/mvdp gene rather than to its direct ortholog, the mouse aldose reductase akr1b3 gene. Although low DAX1 expression in aldosterone-producing adenomas (n = 5) was confirmed (P < 0.05), no correlation was found between the expression of all other genes and the tumors endocrine activity. In contrast, relative abundance of AKR1B1 mRNA was decreased in adrenocortical carcinomas (n = 5; mean +/- sem, 0.95 +/- 0.2) when compared with adenomas (n = 12; 9.29 +/- 3.05; P < 0.001). Most (seven of eight) adrenocortical carcinomas (19.0 +/- 5.4) had very low relative AKR1B1 protein levels when compared with benign tumors (cortisol-producing adenomas, n = 5, 63.0 +/- 9.8; nonfunctional adenomas, n = 5, 58.0 +/- 10.4; aldosterone-producing adenomas, n = 4, 65.3 +/- 7.7; P < 0.001), Cushing's hyperplasia (n = 5, 54.6 +/- 5.3; P < 0.01), or normal adrenals (n = 4; 37.1 +/- 5.3; P < 0.001). These properties provide the first evidence that expression of cAMP-regulated AKR1B1 is decreased in adrenocortical cancer. This might take part in adrenal tumorigenesis and could be investigated as a marker of malignancy for the diagnosis of adrenal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6547 CNRS-Université Blaise Pascal Clermont II, Génétique des Eucaryotes et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 63177 Aubière, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Val P, Aigueperse C, Ragazzon B, Veyssière G, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A. Adrenocorticotropin/3',5'-cyclic AMP-mediated transcription of the scavenger akr1-b7 gene in adrenocortical cells is dependent on three functionally distinct steroidogenic factor-1-responsive elements. Endocrinology 2004; 145:508-18. [PMID: 14605009 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The akr1-b7 gene encodes a scavenger enzyme expressed in steroidogenic glands under pituitary control. In the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex where its expression is controlled by ACTH, AKR1-B7 detoxifies isocaproaldehyde produced during the first step of steroidogenesis. Three steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)-responsive elements (SFREs) are contained within the -510/+41 promoter region, which was previously demonstrated to drive gene expression in transgenic mice adrenal cortex. All these sequences bind at least SF-1 in Y1 adrenocortical cell nuclear extracts and can be activated by overexpression of this factor in HeLa cells. However, the three SFREs show distinct properties regarding akr1-b7 promoter activity in Y1 cells. Whereas the proximal -102 SFRE supports basal promoter activity, the -458 bona fide SFRE is essential for both basal promoter activity and cAMP responsiveness, although it is unresponsive to cAMP when isolated from its promoter context. This suggests that SF-1 is not a cAMP-responsive factor per se. The neighboring SFRE at -503 is a palindromic sequence that binds monomeric and heteromeric SF-1 as well as an adrenal-specific complex. Using MA-10 Leydig cells and Y1-10r9 mutant cells, we provide evidence that its activity in adrenocortical cells depends on the binding of the adrenal-specific factor, which is required for basal and cAMP-induced promoter activity. Furthermore, the -503 site has intrinsic cAMP-sensing ability in Y1 cells, which is correlated with increased adrenal-specific complex binding. Collectively, our results suggest that cAMP responsiveness of the akr1-b7 promoter is achieved through cooperation between the adrenal-specific factor bound to the -503 site and SF-1 bound to the -458 site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Val
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 6547 Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Val P, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Veyssière G, Martinez A. SF-1 a key player in the development and differentiation of steroidogenic tissues. Nucl Recept 2003; 1:8. [PMID: 14594453 PMCID: PMC240021 DOI: 10.1186/1478-1336-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/18/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in the early 1990s, the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 has been attributed a central role in the development and differentiation of steroidogenic tissues. SF-1 controls the expression of all the steroidogenic enzymes and cholesterol transporters required for steroidogenesis as well as the expression of steroidogenesis-stimulating hormones and their cognate receptors. SF-1 is also an essential regulator of genes involved in the sex determination cascade. The study of SF-1 null mice and of human mutants has been of great value to demonstrate the essential role of this factor in vivo, although the complete adrenal and gonadal agenesis in knock-out animals has impeded studies of its function as a transcriptional regulator. In particular, the role of SF-1 in the hormonal responsiveness of steroidogenic genes promoters is still a subject of debate. This extensive review takes into account recent data obtained from SF-1 haploinsufficient mice, pituitary-specific knock-outs and from transgenic mice experiments carried out with SF-1 target gene promoters. It also summarizes the pros and cons regarding the presumed role of SF-1 in cAMP signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Val
- UMR CNRS 6547, Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- UMR CNRS 6547, Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
| | - Georges Veyssière
- UMR CNRS 6547, Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- UMR CNRS 6547, Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Martinez A, Val P, Sahut-Barnola I, Aigueperse C, Veyssière G, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Steroidogenic factor-1 controls the aldose reductase akr1b7 gene promoter in transgenic mice through an atypical binding site. Endocrinology 2003; 144:2111-20. [PMID: 12697720 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-220825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto-reductase 1B7/mouse vas deferens protein (AKR1B7/MVDP) is expressed in rodent steroidogenic glands and in the mouse vas deferens. In steroidogenic organs, AKR1B7/MVDP scavenges isocaproaldehyde produced from the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction. Akr1b7/mvdp is responsive to ACTH in adrenals and to androgens in vas deferens. Using transgenic mice, we previously delimited the regulatory DNA sequences necessary for expression in both organs and identified by cell transfections, a cryptic steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) response element (SFRE) at -102 that overlaps a proximal androgen-responsive element. To address its in vivo functions in adrenals, we devised a transgenic mouse study using wild-type and mutant akr1b7 promoters driving the chloramphenol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Adrenal expression in adults was impaired in all lines mutant for -102 SFRE. This effect is linked to impaired SF-1 binding and not to impaired androgen receptor binding, because akr1b7 expression is not affected in adrenals of androgen receptor-defective Tfm mice. Triphasic developmental patterns of both AKR1B7 and wild-type transgene expression paralleled changes in SF-1 levels/binding activity; expression was maximal in late embryos, minimal in 6- to 15-d-old neonates, and thereafter progressively restored. Differences in developmental expression between wild-type and mutant transgenes revealed that requirement for the -102 SFRE appears stage specific, as its integrity is an absolute prerequisite for reinduction of gene expression after postnatal d 15. Further, mutation of this site did not affect transgene responsiveness to ACTH. These findings demonstrate a new function for SFRE in vivo, via influencing promoter sensibility to postnatal changes of SF-1 contents, in controlling promoter strength in adults without affecting adrenal targeting, hormonal control, or early gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Martinez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6547, Génétique des Eucaryotes and Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- CNRS UMR 6547, Génétique des Eucaryotes & Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Val P, Aigueperse C, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Jean C, Veyssière G, Martinez A. Role of three SF-1 binding sites in the expression of the mvdp/akr1-b7 isocaproaldehyde reductase in Y1 cells. Endocr Res 2002; 28:527-33. [PMID: 12530658 DOI: 10.1081/erc-120016833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mvdp/akr1-b7 encodes an aldose-reductase-like enzyme expressed in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, the function of which is essential for the detoxification of the cholesterol side chain cleavage product, isocaproaldehyde. The -510/+41 akr1-b7 promoter fragment is able to reproduce the endogenous gene zona fasciculata restricted, ACTH-controlled expression, in transgenic mice adrenals. Here, we report that three response elements contained within this promoter (positions -102, -458, -503) are able to bind SF-1, the essential regulator of steroidogenesis, although the low affinity site at -503 retains some other specific proteins present in Y1 nuclear extracts. Mutation of the -102 site results in a lowering of the activity of the -510/+41 promoter in Y1 cells, whereas mutation of the -458 site induces a reduction both in the global activity and forskolin sensitivity of the promoter. Interestingly, differential mutations of the -503 site nucleotides either induce an increase or a decrease in the basal and forskolin-induced activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Val
- UMR CNRS 6547, Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere, Cedex France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Val P, Martinez A, Sahut-Barnola I, Jean C, Veyssière G, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. A 77-base pair LINE-like sequence elicits androgen-dependent mvdp/akr1-b7 expression in mouse vas deferens, but is dispensable for adrenal expression in rats. Endocrinology 2002; 143:3435-48. [PMID: 12193556 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mvdp/akr1-b7 (mouse vas deferens protein/aldo-keto reductase 1-B7) encodes an enzyme responsible for detoxification of a steroidogenesis byproduct. MVDP/AKR1-B7 is expressed in both rat and mouse adrenal cortex under ACTH control, whereas strong androgen-dependent accumulation in the vas deferens is mouse specific. Comparison of the regulatory regions of the two orthologs reveals a strong identity, disrupted by acquisition of a 77-bp LINE-derived sequence in the mouse promoter. Although ACTH responsiveness is observed in both species, the absence of this 77-bp sequence in the rat is associated with changes in transcription initiation sites. Transfection studies demonstrate that the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and selective promoter factor 1-binding sites previously shown to be essential for cAMP/ACTH induction in the mouse are consequently dispensable in the rat. Our data support the idea that the most striking change generated by this acquisition is the strong, androgen-dependent, vas deferens expression observed in mouse. 1) In rat vas deferens, rakr1-b7 expression is barely detectable and is not androgen sensitive. 2) Androgen receptor binds efficiently to an androgen response element within the 77-bp mouse-specific element. 3) Its insertion confers androgen sensitiveness to rakr1-b7 regulatory regions in an androgen response element-dependent manner in transient transfections. We propose that this acquired androgen-responsive region may be responsible for vas deferens androgen-regulated gene expression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Val
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 6547 Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Université Blaise Pascal Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, 63177 Aubiere, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Tournaire C, Martinez A, Berger M, Daoudal S, Tritsch D, Veyssière G, Jean C. Product of side-chain cleavage of cholesterol, isocaproaldehyde, is an endogenous specific substrate of mouse vas deferens protein, an aldose reductase-like protein in adrenocortical cells. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:32875-80. [PMID: 10551851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.46.32875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse vas deferens protein (MVDP) is an aldose reductase-like protein that is highly expressed in the vas deferens and adrenal glands and whose physiological functions were unknown. We hereby describe the enzymatic characteristics of MVDP and its role in murine adrenocortical Y1 cells. The murine aldose reductase (AR) and MVDP cDNAs were expressed in bacteria to obtain recombinant proteins and to compare their enzymatic activities. Recombinant MVDP was functional and displayed kinetic properties distinct from those of murine AR toward various substrates, a preference for NADH, and insensitivity to AR inhibitors. For MVDP, isocaproaldehyde, a product of side-chain cleavage of cholesterol generated during steroidogenesis, is the best natural substrate identified so far. In Y1 cells, we found that NADH-linked isocaproaldehyde reductase (ICR) activity was much higher than NADPH-linked ICR activity and was not abolished by AR inhibitors. We demonstrate that in Y1 cells, forskolin-induced MVDP expression enhanced NADH-linked ICR activity by 5-6-fold, whereas no variation in ICR-linked NADPH activity was observed in the same experiment. In cells stably transfected with MVDP antisense cDNA, NADH-linked ICR activity was abolished even in the presence of forskolin, and the isocaproaldehyde toxicity was increased compared with that of intact Y1 cells, as measured by isocaproaldehyde LD(50). In Y1 cells transfected with MVDP antisense cDNA, forskolin-induced toxicity was abolished by aminoglutethimide. These results indicate that in adrenocortical cells, MVDP is responsible for detoxifying isocaproaldehyde generated by steroidogenesis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Manin M, Guyot S, Jean-Faucher C, Veyssière G, Kahn A, Jean C. 5'-flanking and intragenic sequences confer androgenic and developmental regulation of mouse aldose reductase-like gene in vas deferens and adrenal in transgenic mice. Endocrinology 1999; 140:1338-48. [PMID: 10067861 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.3.6577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The MVDP (mouse vas deferens protein) gene, which encodes an aldose reductase-like enzyme, is mainly expressed in vas deferens epithelium and adrenal cortex. Vas deferens MVDP gene transcription was known to be under androgenic control, we now have evidence for androgen and probable ACTH responsiveness of the MVDP gene in the adrenal. To analyze the role of potential regulatory regions in hormonal, developmental, and tissue-specific aspects of MVDP regulation, we generated transgenic mice harboring MVDP-CAT fusion genes. The constructs carried either -1.8 or -0.5 kb 5'-flanking sequence attached to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in presence or absence of a 3.5-kb intragenic fragment in a downstream position. We show that at least two regions ensure proper gene regulation in vivo. The first, located within the 1.8-kb promoter fragment, directs tissue specificity; positive elements necessary for vas deferens and adrenal expression lay within positions -1804 to -510 and -510 to +41, respectively. The second, located within the 3.5-kb intragenic fragment spanning intron 1 to intron 2, increases percentage of expressing lines and behaves as a vas deferens-specific enhancer. Hormonal and developmental control of transgenes closely parallel endogenous gene regulation. Androgen and ACTH responsiveness in adrenals is conferred by 0.5-kb promoter, whereas in vas deferens, full androgenic response of the 1.8-kb promoter required the 3.5-kb intragenic fragment. Thus, vas deferens and adrenals use distinct cis-acting elements to direct and regulate the expression of the MVDP gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6547, Reproduction et Développement, Université Blaise Pascal Clermont II, Complexe Universitaire des Cézeaux, Aubiere, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aigueperse C, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Veyssière G, Jean CI. Cyclic AMP regulates expression of the gene coding for a mouse vas deferens protein related to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily in human and murine adrenocortical cells. J Endocrinol 1999; 160:147-54. [PMID: 9854186 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mouse vas deferens protein (MVDP) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. The regulation of MVDP gene expression by activators of the protein kinase A signalling pathway was investigated in human (H295-R) and murine (Y1) adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies showed that MVDP is expressed in adrenal glands from mouse, rat, rabbit and guinea-pig, probably under the control of ACTH. In both adrenocortical cell lines used, MVDP is constitutively synthesized and its accumulation is increased by treatment with cAMP or forskolin. MVDP mRNA steady-state levels were up-regulated by forskolin in adrenocortical cells by a process that does not require de novo protein synthesis. The results suggest that cAMP is at least one of the key regulators of adrenal MVDP expression and that this effect is direct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Aigueperse
- Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6547, Université Blaise Pascal, Les Cézeaux, 63177 Aubière, Cédex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Antoine B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Le Guillou G, Leturque A, Vandewalle A, Kahn A. Role of the GLUT 2 glucose transporter in the response of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene to glucose in liver-derived cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:17937-43. [PMID: 9218418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.29.17937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-six different hepatoma cell lines established from cancer-prone transgenic mice exhibited a close correlation between expression of the GLUT 2 glucose transporter and activation of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene by glucose, as judged by Northern blot analyses and transient transfection assays. The L-PK gene and a transfected L-PK construct were silent in GLUT 2(+) cells and active in GLUT 2(-) cells cultured in glucose-free medium. Transfection of GLUT 2(-) cells with a GLUT 2 expression vector restored the inducibility of the L-PK promoter by glucose, mainly by suppressing the glucose-independent activity of this promoter. Culture of GLUT 2(-) cells, in which the L-PK gene is constitutively expressed, in a culture medium using fructose as fuel selected GLUT 2(+) clones in which the L-PK gene responded to glucose. The expression of the L-PK gene in GLUT 2(-) cells cultured in the absence of glucose was correlated with a high intracellular glucose 6-phosphate (Glu-6-P) concentration while under similar culture conditions Glu-6-P concentration was very low in GLUT 2(+) cells. Consequently, a role of GLUT 2 in the glucose responsiveness of glucose-sensitive genes in cultured hepatoma cells could be to allow for Glu-6-P depletion under gluconeogenic culture conditions. In the absence of GLUT 2, glucose endogeneously produced might be unable to be exported from the cells and would be phosphorylated again to Glu-6-P by constitutively expressed hexokinase isoforms, continuously generating the glycolytic intermediates active on the L-PK gene transcription.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Glucose Transporter Type 1
- Glucose Transporter Type 2
- Humans
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/biosynthesis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Pyruvate Kinase/biosynthesis
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Simian virus 40/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Antoine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.129, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Université René Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gourdon L, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Viollet B, Martinez A, Kahn A, Raymondjean M. An auxiliary peptide required for the function of two activation domains in upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) transcription factor. Genes Funct 1997; 1:87-97. [PMID: 9680311 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4624.1997.00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous upstream stimulatory factors (USF1, USF2a and USF2b) are members of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine-zipper family of transcription factors that have been shown to be involved in the transcriptional response of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene to glucose. To understand the mechanisms of action of the USF2 isoforms, we initiated a series of co-transfection assays with deletion mutants and Ga14-USF2 fusions. The transactivating efficiency of the different native and mutant factors was determined at similar DNA binding activity. We found that: (i) exons 3- and 5-encoded regions are activation domains, (ii) a modulator domain encoded by exon 4 could be necessary to their additive action, (iii) a hexapeptide encoded by the first 5' codons of exon 6 is indispensable for transmitting activation due to both exon 3- and exon 5-encoded domains to the transcriptional machinery. Therefore, USF2 presents a modular structure and mediates transcriptional activation thanks to two non-autonomous activation domains dependent on an auxiliary peptide for expressing their activating potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gourdon
- Unité de Recherches en Physiologie et Pathologie Génétiques et Moléculaires, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, INSERM U129, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Viollet B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Henrion A, Kahn A, Raymondjean M, Martinez A. Immunochemical characterization and transacting properties of upstream stimulatory factor isoforms. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:1405-15. [PMID: 8576131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.3.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous upstream stimulatory factor (USF) transcription factors encoded by two distinct genes (USF1 and USF2) exist under the form of various dimers able to bind E-boxes. We report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of USF2 isoforms, corresponding to a 44-kDa subunit, USF2a, and a new 38-kDa subunit, USF2b, generated by differential splicing. Using specific anti-USF antibodies, we define the different binding complexes in various nuclear extracts. In vivo, the USF1/USF2a heterodimer represents over 66% of the USF binding activity whereas the USF1 and USF2a homodimers represent less than 10%, which strongly suggests an in vivo preferential association in heterodimers. In particular, an USF1/USF2b heterodimer accounted for almost 15% of the USF species in some cells. The preferential heterodimerization of USF subunits was reproduced ex vivo, while the in vitro association of cotranslated subunits, or recombinant USF proteins, appeared to be random. In transiently transfected HeLa or hepatoma cells, USF2a and USF1 homodimers transactivated a minimal promoter with similar efficiency, whereas USF2b, which lacks an internal 67-amino acid domain, was a poor transactivator. Additionally, USF2b was an efficient as USF1 and USF2a homodimers in transactivating the liver-specific pyruvate kinase gene promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Viollet
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, U129 INSERM, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A, Antoine B, Raymondjean M, Kahn A. Upstream stimulatory factor proteins are major components of the glucose response complex of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene promoter. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:2640-3. [PMID: 7852331 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.6.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene transcription is induced by glucose through its glucose response element (GlRE) composed of two degenerated E boxes able to bind in vitro ubiquitous upstream stimulator factor (USF) proteins. Here we demonstrate in vivo, by transient transfections in hepatoma cells, that (i) native USF proteins synthesized from expression vectors can act as transactivators of the L-PK promoter via the GlRE, stimulating transcription without glucose and, therefore, decreasing the glucose responsiveness of the promoter; (ii) expression of the truncated USF proteins, able to bind the GlRE but devoid of the NH2-terminal activation domain, represses the activation of the L-PK promoter by glucose; and (iii) a similar repression of the glucose effect is observed upon expression of mutant USF proteins devoid of the basic DNA binding domain, able to dimerize with endogenous USF but not to bind the GlRE. We conclude that USF proteins are components of the transcriptional glucose response complex assembled on the L-PK gene promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Lefrançois-Martinez
- Institut Cochin de génétique Moléculaire, U.129 INSERM, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Diaz-Guerra MJ, Vallet V, Kahn A, Antoine B. Glucose-dependent regulation of the L-pyruvate kinase gene in a hepatoma cell line is independent of insulin and cyclic AMP. FASEB J 1994; 8:89-96. [PMID: 8299894 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.8.1.8299894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte-like mhAT3F cells have been derived from the hepatoma of a transgenic mouse expressing the SV40 large T antigen under the control of the antithrombin III gene regulatory region (Antoine, B., Levrat, F., Vallet, V., Berbar, T., Cartier, N., Dubois, N., Briand, P., and Kahn, A. (1992) Gene expression in hepatocyte-like lines established by targeted carcinogenesis in transgenic mice. Exp. Cell. Res. 200, 175-185; F. Levrat et al., unpublished results). In these cells, the L-PK gene is transcriptionally activated by glucose, as it is in vivo and in cultured hepatocytes. However, in contrast to the L-PK gene regulation in the liver and isolated hepatocytes, the glucose responsiveness does not require insulin and is not blocked by cyclic AMP. In mhAT3F cells, the insensitivity to insulin might be due to the replacement of insulin-dependent glucokinase by insulin-independent hexokinases able to phosphorylate glucose in the absence of the hormone. The glucose-dependent activation of the L-PK gene is delayed, requires ongoing protein synthesis, and is mediated by the same glucose response element as in vivo and in isolated hepatocytes. These results suggest that the glucose-dependent signaling pathway responsible for the transcriptional activation of glycolytic and lipogenic genes requires glucose phosphorylation, a phenomenon that is insulin-dependent in the liver but insulin-independent in cultured hepatoma cells. Nevertheless, the action of glucose 6-phosphate is most likely indirect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Lefrançois-Martinez
- Laboratoire de Recherches en Génétique et Pathologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|