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Dutta AK, Sharma V, Jain A, Elhence A, Panigrahi MK, Mohta S, Kirubakaran R, Philip M, Goenka M, Bhatia S, Dutta U, Reddy DN, Kochhar R, Makharia GK. Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors in clinical practice globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332154. [PMID: 38670630 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Dutta
- Gastroenterology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Gastroenterology, Gastro 1 Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas K Panigrahi
- Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikant Mohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | - Shobna Bhatia
- Gastroenterology, National Institute of Medical Science, Jaipur, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Gastroenterology, Paras Hospitals, Panchkula, Chandigarh, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Agarwal A, Biswas S, Swaroop S, Aggarwal A, Agarwal A, Jain G, Elhence A, Vaidya A, Gupte A, Mohanka R, Kumar R, Mishra AK, Gamanagatti S, Paul SB, Acharya SK, Shukla A, Shalimar. Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:699-715. [PMID: 38577460 PMCID: PMC10989380 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). AIM To assess the magnitude, clinical characteristics, feasibility, and outcomes of treatment in BCS-HCC. METHODS A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi, India and 1140 from Mumbai, India were included. The prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined, and among patients with BCS-HCC, the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were evaluated. RESULTS In the New Delhi cohort of 35 BCS-HCC patients, 18 had HCC at index presentation (prevalence 1.99%), and 17 developed HCC over a follow-up of 4601 person-years, [incidence 0.36 (0.22-0.57) per 100 person-years]. BCS-HCC patients were older when compared to patients with BCS alone (P = 0.001) and had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava block, cirrhosis, and long-segment vascular obstruction. The median alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in patients with BCS-HCC at first presentation than those who developed HCC at follow-up (13029 ng/mL vs 500 ng/mL, P = 0.01). Of the 35 BCS-HCC, 26 (74.3%) underwent radiological interventions for BCS, and 22 (62.8%) patients underwent treatment for HCC [transarterial chemoembolization in 18 (81.8%), oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 3 (13.6%), and transarterial radioembolization in 1 (4.5%)]. The median survival among patients who underwent interventions for HCC compared with those who did not was 3.5 years vs 3.1 mo (P = 0.0001). In contrast to the New Delhi cohort, the Mumbai cohort of BCS-HCC patients were predominantly males, presented with a more advanced HCC [Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C and D], and 2 patients underwent liver transplantation. CONCLUSION HCC is not uncommon in patients with BCS. Radiological interventions and liver transplantation are feasible in select primary BCS-HCC patients and may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Arnav Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Vaidya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Gupte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai 400004, India
| | - Ravi Mohanka
- Department of Liver Transplant and HPB, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai 400004, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Professor of Biostatistics, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Bala Paul
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
| | - Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, Delhi, India
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Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Shenoy A, Pathak P, Anand A, Swaroop S, Aggrawal A, Arora U, Elhence A, Jagannath S, Gunjan D, Kedia S, Mishra AK, Gamanagatti S, Nayak B, Garg P, Shalimar. Comparison of 1-day versus 3-day intravenous terlipressin in cirrhosis patients with variceal bleeding: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:645-655. [PMID: 38186012 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB), the optimal duration of vasoconstrictor therapy after endoscopic haemostasis is unclear. AIMS We aimed to compare efficacy of 1-day versus 3-day terlipressin therapy in cirrhosis patients with AVB post-endoscopic intervention. The primary objective was to compare rebleeding at 5 days between the two arms. Secondary objectives included rebleeding and mortality rates at 6 weeks. METHODS In this open-label, randomised controlled trial, cirrhosis patients with AVB were randomised to either 1-day or 3-day terlipressin therapy. RESULTS A total of 150 cirrhosis patients with AVB were recruited to receive either 1 day (n = 75) or 3 days (n = 75) of terlipressin therapy. One patient from 1-day arm was excluded. Modified intention-to-treat analysis included 149 patients. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Rebleeding at 5 days: 3 (4.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-9.0) versus 4 (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.0-10.0), risk difference (RD) p = 0.726 and 5-day mortality rates: 1 (1.4%; 95% CI: 0-7.3) versus 1 (1.3%; 95% CI: 0.2-7.0), RD p = 0.960 were similar. Rebleeding at 42 days: 9 (12.2%; 95% CI: 7.0-20.0) versus 10 (13.3%; 95% CI: 7.0-20.0), RD p = 0.842 and mortality at 42 days: 5 (6.8%; 95% CI: 3.0-10.0) versus 4 (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.0-10.0), RD p = 0.704 were also similar. Patients in the 1-day terlipressin therapy arm experienced significantly fewer adverse effects compared with those receiving 3 days of terlipressin therapy: 28 (37.8%) versus 42 (56%), p = 0.026. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 1 day of terlipressin therapy is associated with similar 5-day and 42-day rebleeding rates, 42-day mortality and an overall superior safety profile compared with 3-day of terlipressin therapy. These findings require to be validated in double-blinded, larger, multiethnic and multicentre studies across the various stages of cirrhosis (CTRI/2019/10/021771).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Shenoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Arnav Aggrawal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Umang Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Jagannath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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4
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Arora U, Goyal RM, Teh KKJ, Pei Y, Goh GBB, Lin S, Kumar R, Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Swaroop S, Pathak P, Sheikh S, Bharadiya V, Elhence A, Gamanagatti S, Yadav R, Das P, Aggarwal S, Choudhary N, Anirvan P, Singh SP, De A, Duseja A, Shalimar. Poor Performance of Non-invasive Tests for Advanced Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Multicentric Asian Study. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4485-4498. [PMID: 37733130 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive tests (NITs) are useful to assess advanced fibrosis (AF) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Data from Asian countries suggest that these tests have poor performance. We aimed to assess diagnostic accuracy of established thresholds of biomarker-based NITs and Transient Elastography (TE) in identifying AF and evaluated the utility of a two-step test approach. METHODS Biopsy-proven 641 NAFLD patients (55.2% males, median age 42 years) were included from three different centers of Asia. AF (≥ F3) was identified as per histological staging (24.8%). RESULTS TE had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.82 (0.79-0.86), and all other biomarker-based NITs had low AUROC (< 0.7). NITs performed poorly at established thresholds. The combination of NITs utilizing liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and biomarkers, Agile 3+ and FAST, demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy (AUROC 0.82 and 0.78, respectively), but none were superior to LSM alone. LSM measured using appropriate M and XL probes remained accurate regardless of body mass index (BMI); NFS and APRI scores were less accurate at higher BMI ranges. A two-step approach using NFS rule-out criteria (< - 2.97 to rule out) followed by LSM (< 7.3 kPa to rule out and ≥ 12.7 kPa to rule in) correctly classified 62.4% of patients, with only 10.2% of patients incorrectly classified. CONCLUSION NITs have not been validated to identify AF in the Asian NAFLD population, and internationally accepted thresholds yield high false-negative rates. LSM and LSM-based combination tests remain the most accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ritik M Goyal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kevin K J Teh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiying Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George B B Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Lin
- Department of Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealthDuke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sabreena Sheikh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vishwesh Bharadiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Prajna Anirvan
- Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Orissa, India
| | - Shivaram P Singh
- Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Orissa, India
| | - Arka De
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110029, India.
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Elhence A, Shalimar. Von Willebrand Factor as a Biomarker for Liver Disease - An Update. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:1047-1060. [PMID: 37975050 PMCID: PMC10643510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (vWF) is best known for its role in the hemostatic pathway, aiding platelet adhesion and aggregation, as well as circulating along with coagulation factor VIII, prolonging its half-life. However, vWF is more than a hemostatic protein and is a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. The levels of vWF increase progressively as cirrhosis progresses. Despite its qualitative defects, it can support and carry out its hemostatic role and contribute to a pro-coagulant disbalance. Moreover, it has been shown to be a good noninvasive marker for predicting clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). The vWF has been shown to predict decompensation and mortality among cirrhosis patients independently of the stage of liver disease and severity of portal hypertension. Increased vWF levels in the setting of endothelial injury predict bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. The vWF-to-thrombocyte ratio (VITRO) score adds to the diagnostic ability of vWF alone in detecting CSPH non-invasively. Not only have vWF levels been shown to help predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among cirrhosis patients, but they also predict the risk of complications post-resection for HCC and response to systemic therapies. vWF-induced portal microthrombi have been purported to contribute to the pathogenesis of acute liver failure progression as well as non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. The prospect of modulation of vWF levels using drugs such as non-selective beta-blockers, statins, anticoagulants, and non-absorbable antibiotics and its use as a predictive biomarker for the response to these drugs needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Cancer Institute- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Malakar S, Elhence A, Prasad P, Ghoshal UC, Pandey G, Mohindra S. Primary gastric mucormycosis presenting with post-Coronavirus disease - 19 upper gastrointestinal bleed. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:736-737. [PMID: 36401772 PMCID: PMC9676801 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Malakar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Samir Mohindra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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Agarwal A, Mahapatra SJ, Sethia R, Agarwal S, Elhence A, Mohta S, Gunjan D, Garg PK. Correction to: Universal prophylactic rectal nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs with a policy of selective pancreatic duct stenting significantly reduce post‑endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:746. [PMID: 37310615 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342 005, India
| | - Soumya Jagannath Mahapatra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Rahul Sethia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Samagra Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Srikanth Mohta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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Elhence A, Christou L, Dodeja R, Raj A, Gonzalez-Martin J, Yeo D. 23 Using visual data and teleophthalmology in paediatric ophthalmology with an app-free, browser-based, visual data platform: ISLACARE. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:A8. [PMID: 37797999 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-biposa.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual data is underutilised in ophthalmology particularly within paediatrics. Following the pandemic, virtual and remote clinics in the form of telephone and video consultations have increased but there are limitations within paediatric ophthalmology as synchronous telephone or video calls are time-consuming.Using a platform known as ISLACARE, we are able to run remote photo and video clinics that has the capability to support asynchronous or synchronous consultations. With this software, parents and clinicians do not need to create logins or download apps thus increasing compliance with the technology.In an audit of 101 consecutive cases, the following was found. Mean age: 6.67 years (0-17years). The top 4 categories used in were anterior segment (36%), Strabismus (24%), Orbit/Trauma (17%), and Oculoplastics (12%).On the use of photographs to support consultations , it was felt that 91% reduced time to treatment/supported clinical decision making and 75% improved clinician to clinician communication. We have found a 30% increase in capacity in our remote teleophthalmology clinics by utilising a pre-consultation proforma. A particular improvement has been in post-operative strabismus cases where 90% of all our first appointment checks are now done remotely.We would like to demonstrate the clinical flow of how we use ISLACARE for asynchronous consultations, remote monitoring, and visual data archiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elhence
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - L Christou
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Dodeja
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Raj
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dcm Yeo
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Farooqui N, Aggarwal A, Pathak P, Yadav R, Das P, Elhence A, Goel A, Mishra AK, Shalimar. Impact of body mass index on disease progression and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:1094-1103. [PMID: 37308443 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well defined. This study aimed to assess the presentations, outcomes, and development of liver-related events (LREs) and non-LREs in patients with NAFLD stratified by BMI. METHODS Records of NAFLD patients from 2000-2022 were reviewed. Patients were categorized as lean (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2), and obese (>25 kg/m2) based on BMI. Stage of steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score were noted in the patients undergoing liver biopsy in each group. RESULTS Out of 1051 NAFLD patients, 127 (12.1%) had normal BMI, 177 (16.8%) and 747 (71.1%) were overweight and obese, respectively. Median [interquartile range] BMI was 21.9 [20.6-22.5], 24.2 [23.7-24.6], and 28.3 [26.6-30.6] kg/m2 in each group, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the obese. Obese patients had significantly higher median [interquartile range] liver stiffness (6.4 [4.9-9.4] kPa) than overweight and lean subjects. A higher proportion of obese patients had significant and advanced liver fibrosis. At follow-up, there were no significant differences in the progression of liver disease, new LREs, coronary artery disease, or hypertension across the BMI groups. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to develop new-onset diabetes by follow-up. The mortality rates in the three groups were comparable (0.47, 0.68, and 0.49 per 100 person-years, respectively), with similar causes of death (liver-related vs non-liver-related). CONCLUSIONS Patients with lean NAFLD have similar disease severity and rates of progression as the obese. BMI is not a reliable determinant of outcomes in NAFLD patients. KEY MESSAGES
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Naba Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55092, United States
| | - Arnav Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence and Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Kulkarni A, Ghoshal UC, Shirol VV, Elhence A, Fatima B, Agrahari AP, Misra A. True peristaltic recovery is uncommon following treatment, particularly endoscopic dilation for achalasia cardia, though pseudo-recovery often occurs. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:549-557. [PMID: 37306890 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relieving esophagogastric junction (EGJ) obstruction has been the focus of treatment for achalasia cardia. The recovery of peristalsis has been an elusive goal. Studies analyzing post-intervention peristaltic recovery have several limitations such as the use of conventional manometry or lack of standard definitions of peristalsis. Accordingly, we undertook this study to analyze frequency and pattern of peristaltic recovery following treatment for achalasia cardia on high-resolution manometry (HRM) and standard Chicago definition of peristalsis. METHODS Pre and post-intervention HRM records of 71 treatment-naive patients diagnosed as achalasia cardia were retrospectively analyzed. Records with pre and post-intervention HRM on different systems (e.g. solid state and water perfusion) and those with inadequate information were excluded. All HRMs were interpreted as per Chicago classification version 3.0. After pneumatic dilation (PD) or laparoscopic Heller's myotomy (LHM), pseudorecovery of peristalsis was defined as any contraction at least 3 cm in length along 20 mmHg isobaric contour with a distal latency of less than 4.5 seconds. True recovery and premature contractions were defined by standard Chicago classification v3.0 criteria. RESULTS Change in diagnosis was observed in 38 of 71 (53.5%) patients after intervention. While pseudo-peristaltic recovery occurred in 11 of 71 (15.5%) patients, only three (4.2%) had a true recovery. Another nine (12.7%) patients showed new premature contractions. CONCLUSION True peristaltic recovery is uncommon in achalasia cardia following intervention, particularly PD. Pseudo-peristaltic recovery is more common. Further research is warranted on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kulkarni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
| | - Vivek V Shirol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Bushra Fatima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anand Prakash Agrahari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Asha Misra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
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11
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Ghoshal UC, Biswas SN, Elhence A, Fatima B, Agrahari AP, Misra A. Twenty-four-hour pH metry alone is inferior to additional impedance monitoring in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease, particularly in presence of reduced gastric acid secretion. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:525-533. [PMID: 37266896 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current gold standard for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is 24-hour pH metry though it fails to detect non-acidic reflux. The sensitivity of 24-hour pH metry alone (both catheter-based and Bravo capsule) is questionable, especially if gastric acid secretion is low due to reduced parietal cell mass, Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric atrophy and antisecretory therapy. Accordingly, we analyzed the diagnostic ability of 24-hour pH metry as compared to impedance monitoring in relation to the gastric pH without antisecretory therapy. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 150 patients with suspected GERD undergoing a 24-hour pH impedance study was done. RESULTS Among 150 patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD, 106 (70.6%) had confirmed GERD diagnosed either by 24-hour pH metry alone (10 [9.4%]), impedance monitoring alone (49 [46.2%]) or both (47 [44.3%]). Abnormal reflux of acidic and non-acidic gastric contents was detected by 24-hour pH metry and 24-hour impedance monitoring in 57/106 (53.7%) and 96/106 (90.5%) of patients, respectively (p < .00001). Patients with GERD diagnosed by 24-hour impedance monitoring had a higher mean gastric pH (2.9 [median 1.3, IQR 5.3]) than those diagnosed by 24-hour pH metry (2.1 [median 1.4, IQR 2.6]) or both (1.6 [median 1.2, IQR 2.1]) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Twenty-four-hour impedance monitoring detects GERD more often than 24-hour pH metry. Patients with higher mean gastric pH leading to non-acidic reflux were more often diagnosed by 24-hour impedance monitoring than 24-hour pH metry. Thus, 24-hour pH metry alone is inferior to additional impedance monitoring in the diagnosis of GERD, particularly in presence of reduced gastric acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
| | - Sugata Narayan Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Bushra Fatima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anand Prakash Agrahari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Asha Misra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
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Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Anand A, Pathak P, Swaroop S, Aggarwal A, Arora U, Elhence A, Gamanagatti S, Goel A, Kumar R, Shalimar. Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Predicts Further Decompensation in Cirrhosis Patients with Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2385. [PMID: 37510129 PMCID: PMC10378396 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in predicting further decompensation in cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is not known. We aimed to evaluate the role of HVPG in predicting further decompensation in cirrhosis patients with AVB Methods: In this prospective study, 145 patients with cirrhosis with esophageal or gastric AVB were included. HVPG was measured on the day of the AVB. Decompensating events occurring after 42-days of AVB were considered further decompensation. RESULTS The median age of the study cohort was 44 years; 88.3% males. The predominant etiology of cirrhosis was alcohol (46.2%). Overall, 40 (27.6%) patients developed further decompensation during median follow-up of 296 days following AVB. Gastro intestinal bleeding n = 27 (18.6%) and new-onset/worsening ascites n = 20 (13.8%) were the most common decompensating events. According to the multivariate model, HVPG was an independent predictor of any further decompensation in esophageal AVB patients but not in gastric variceal bleeding patients. HVPG cut-off of ≥16 mmHg predicted further decompensation in the esophageal AVB. However, HVPG was not an independent predictor of mortality. CONCLUSION HVPG measured during an episode of acute variceal hemorrhage from esophageal varices predicts further decompensating events in cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arnav Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Umang Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Kothalkar S, Mathur A, Elhence A, Verma R, Ghoshal UC. Hepatic visceral larva migrans: A case series. Trop Parasitol 2023; 13:126-128. [PMID: 37860608 PMCID: PMC10583782 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Kothalkar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Mathur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Verma
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uday C. Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Agarwal A, Mahapatra SJ, Sethia R, Agarwal S, Elhence A, Mohta S, Gunjan D, Garg PK. Universal prophylactic rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a policy of selective pancreatic duct stenting significantly reduce post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:370-378. [PMID: 37160838 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to be effective for the prevention of post-ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) pancreatitis (PEP) in high-risk patients, the benefit in average-risk patients is unclear. We aimed at assessing the benefit of prophylactic rectal NSAIDs in unselected consecutive patients to prevent PEP. METHODS All patients undergoing index ERCP procedures from January 2018 until March 2020 were included. All patients received prophylactic rectal diclofenac. A prophylactic pancreatic duct (PD) stent was placed if there was repeated PD cannulation, at the discretion of the endoscopist. The frequency of PEP was compared with historical controls. RESULTS Of 769 patients who underwent ERCP, 34 (4.4%) developed PEP (mild in 29 [85.3%], moderate in four [11.8%] and severe in one [2.9%]). Female gender, precut sphincterotomy, inadvertent PD cannulation and procedural time of > 30 minutes predicted PEP in univariate analysis. Inadvertent PD cannulation (OR 4.6, 95% CI: 1.8-11.7; p < 0.001) and procedural time of > 30 minutes (OR 8.5, 95% CI: 3.7-10.1; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors on multivariate analysis. When compared with historical controls, the odds of PEP with prophylactic use of rectal NSAIDs and selective PD stenting was 0.54 (CI: 0.31-0.93, p = 0.027). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 22 to prevent one PEP with prophylactic rectal NSAIDs. CONCLUSION Routine use of prophylactic rectal NSAIDs effectively prevents the occurrence of PEP in unselected consecutive patients in a real-world scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342 005, India
| | - Soumya Jagannath Mahapatra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Rahul Sethia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Samagra Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Srikanth Mohta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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15
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Malakar S, Mathur A, Elhence A, Ghoshal UC. Hepatogastric fistula: A rare complication of liver abscess. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023:10.1007/s12664-023-01347-7. [PMID: 37071374 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Malakar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226 014, Lucknow, India
| | - Akash Mathur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226 014, Lucknow, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226 014, Lucknow, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, 492 099, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226 014, Lucknow, India.
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16
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Elhence A, Anand A, Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Yadav R, Das P, Panwar R, Agarwal S, Gamanagatti S, Kumar R, Shalimar. Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Two-Step Strategy is Better than Baveno Criteria. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:1016-1025. [PMID: 35670897 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (compensated advanced chronic liver disease [cACLD]) are clinically indistinguishable and increase risk of developing clinically significant portal hypertension. Baveno VII recommends using elastography to rule out and diagnose cACLD with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) cut-offs of 10/15 kPa. METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 330 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, performance of the Baveno VII cut-offs for diagnosing cACLD was compared with newly suggested lower cut-offs (8/12 kPa). A model for detecting cACLD among those with LSM between 8 and 12 kPa was developed and compared with recently published models. RESULTS Seventy (21.2%) of the 330 NAFLD patients had biopsy-proven cACLD. The Baveno VII cut-offs (10/15 kPa) had a lower sensitivity of 72.8% (60.9-82.8%) and a specificity of 93.4% (89.7-96.1%). Sensitivity and specificity of lower cut-offs (8/12 kPa) were 91.4% (82.3-96.8%) and 88.5% (83.9-92.1%), respectively. Modeling based on the presence of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.625[1.161-11.320], p = 0.027) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (OR 1.636[1.098-2.436], p = 0.015) correctly identified 75.7% of patients with LSM between 8 and 12 kPa. Our model performed best with an area under receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.725 (95%CI 0.609-0.822), compared to Papatheodoridi (AUROC 0.626, CI 0.506-.736) and Zhou (AUROC 0.523, CI 0.403-0.640) models. A two-step strategy comprising application of lower LSM cut-offs followed by the predictive model correctly identified the presence of cACLD in 83% of the patients as compared to 75% by the Baveno VII cut-offs. CONCLUSION A two-step strategy employing lower LSM cut-offs and modeling based on diabetes and AST levels outperforms Baveno VII cut-offs for identifying cACLD in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Panwar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplant, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Agarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Biswas S, Sheikh S, Vaishnav M, Elhence A, Farooqui N, Anand A, Gamanagatti S, Shalimar. Pregnancy outcomes in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: A tertiary care experience. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:96-105. [PMID: 36738382 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is associated with infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes in affected females. Scant literature is available on the effect of an endovascular intervention on fertility and the outcome of future pregnancies in these patients. AIMS To assess the infertility rates, maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy and effect of endovascular intervention in women with BCS. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, 121 female patients with BCS attending our liver clinic from 2017 to 2020 were included. Demographic details, intervention details, pregnancies - pre- and post-intervention - and fetal outcomes were noted. RESULTS BCS was diagnosed pre-conception in 58 women (group 1; median age: 22 years), during/after pregnancy, but before completion of family in 39 (group 2; median age: 27 years), and after completion of family in 24 (group 3; median age: 34 years). Median Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were 7 and 12, respectively. The primary infertility rate was 19.8% (24/121). In group 1, 15 women with primary infertility underwent endovascular intervention with 5/15 (33%) women conceiving subsequently, resulting in four live births and seven abortions. In group 2, five women developed BCS during pregnancy and 11 postpartum; 11/39 had a history of one or more abortions. Overall, 8/34 (23.5%) who underwent endovascular intervention had 4/8 (50%) successful pregnancies. In group 3, no patient had any major complications during past pregnancies. The mode of delivery was vaginal in 88% of cases. No congenital anomaly/major bleeding episodes/decompensation/maternal mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS Infertility is common in patients with BCS. Pregnancy is well-tolerated in those with compensated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Sabreena Sheikh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | | | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Anand A, Pathak P, Swaroop S, Aggarwal A, Arora U, Elhence A, Gamangatti S, Goel A, Kumar R, Shalimar. Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient Predicts Further Decompensation In Cirrhosis Patients With Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:S34-S35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.07.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Mathur A, Kothalkar S, Hasan F, Elhence A, Jain M, Ghoshal UC. Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as achalasia cardia. Indian J Gastroenterol 2022:10.1007/s12664-022-01319-3. [PMID: 36542289 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mathur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Srikanth Kothalkar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Faheema Hasan
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Manoj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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20
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Swaroop S, Arora U, Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Pathak P, Agarwal A, Golla R, Thakur B, Coshic P, Andriyas V, Gupta K, Elhence A, Nayak B, Kumar R, Shalimar. Therapeutic plasma‐exchange improves short‐term, but not long‐term, outcomes in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: A propensity score‐matched analysis. J Clin Apher 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Swaroop
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Umang Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Rithvik Golla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- Department of Biostatistics UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Poonam Coshic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Vijay Andriyas
- Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Kamini Gupta
- Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Baibaswat Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna Bihar India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
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Elhence A, Shalimar. Treatment Options for Hepatic Venous Outflow Tract Obstruction: Is the Scale Tipping in Favor of TIPS? J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1403-1405. [PMID: 36340299 PMCID: PMC9630011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Elhence A, Kothalkar S, Ghoshal UC. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test adds to an endosonographic diagnosis of pancreatic tuberculosis: A series from tuberculosis endemic region. Pancreatology 2022; 22:1054-1056. [PMID: 35871124 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Srikanth Kothalkar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Shalimar, Priya S, Gupta H, Bansal B, Elhence A, Krishna Kishore RV, Goel A. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Low-Risk Population in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1438-1444. [PMID: 36340297 PMCID: PMC9630020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission will help in targeted screening of people who are at risk for HCV. Method Indian studies, published between January 1989 and June 2020, were systematically reviewed to identify the relevant studies. We searched electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google scholar to identify the original data published in English language. The full-text studies, published in any form, which reported data on risk factors for HCV transmission among low-risk population were selected. The studies which exclusively included high-risk groups were excluded. Results Data were extracted from 31,176 participants included in 25 studies (median [range] 40 [7-20,113). The participants were HCV infected patients who visited the hospital (n = 10), community population (n = 6), pregnant women (n = 5), blood donors (n = 2), people with diabetes mellitus (n = 1), army recruits (n = 1), or slum dwellers (n = 1). These studies provided data on blood transfusion, use of unsafe injections, minor or major surgery, unsafe dental procedures, tattooing, body piercing, obstetrical procedures, unsafe shaving, intravenous drug use, and unsafe sexual practices as risk factors for HCV transmission. Conclusion Unsafe injections, body piercing, unsafe dental procedure, unsafe shaving, and tattooing were identified as major risk factors for reported by HCV population participants.More data are needed to identify the risk factors for HCV in Indian population. Risk-factor-targeted screening may increase the yield and reduce the cost of HCV screening in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sai Priya
- Department of General Medicine, Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Cancer Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Hardik Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavik Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi V. Krishna Kishore
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Sambhav K, Nayyar AK, Elhence A, Gupta R, Ghatak S. Anatomical Variations of Corona Mortis in the Anterior Intrapelvic Approach: A Cadaveric Study. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:826-834. [PMID: 35780370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Corona mortis (CMOR) is an anastomotic channel either arterial, venous or both connecting the obturator and external iliac systems excluding aberrant channels in the retropubic space. The goal of this study is to illustrate the type of CMOR via the Anterior Intrapelvic approach (AIP) which has not been studied in tandem. This descriptive observational study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India from January 2018 to December 2020. It is a potential culprit for significant haemorrhage in scenarios of pelvic trauma or when sectioned accidentally, augmenting difficult haemostasis behind the superior pubic ramus. Previously reported to be exclusively arterial, the venous variant has now emerged as the more frequent anastomosis. AIP was performed on 31 adult human cadavers of 62 hemipelvises to record variations and statistical analysis of retropubic anastomosis with respect to gender, weight groups and side distribution was done. Corona Mortis was observed in 50(80.6%) hemipelvises. To ramify, venous CMOR and arterial CMOR were exclusively encountered in 25(40.3%) and 10(16.10%) hemipelvises respectively. Males recorded a higher prevalence of CMOR. Despite being a frequent anastomotic variant, it is a rare entity in textbooks. CMOR can potentially alter patient outcome and have serious implications in pelvic surgeries via AIP owing to its easier accessibility. Besides, venous CMOR being more common, a venous bleed is inherently more arduous to manage in the pelvis. A larger calibre, less frequent aberrant channel could also prove to be lethal in its injury. Hence, cadaveric simulation of the technique is paramount to master the technique and to mitigate catastrophic vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sambhav
- Dr Kumar Sambhav, Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India; E-mail:
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25
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Elhence A, Shalimar. Liver dysfunction in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer-2022 update: Clear as day or still in fog? J Hepatol 2022; 76:1236-1237. [PMID: 34954248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Samanta J, Mahapatra SJ, Kumar N, Elhence A, Dhar J, Gupta A, Dhooria A, Bhalla A, Prasad M, Das A, Sharma R, Kochhar R, Garg PK, Gupta A, Elhence A, Dhooria A, Das A, Bhalla A, Puri GD, Dhar J, Yegurla J, Samanta J, Vaishnav M, Prasad M, Kumar N, Garg PK, Sethia R, Bansal R, Rana R, Kochhar R, Golla R, Biswas S, Mundhra SK, Agarwal S, Prasad S, Mahapatra SJ. Virus related acute pancreatitis and virus superinfection in the 'Dual disease' model of acute pancreatitis and SARS-Co-V2 infection: A multicentre prospective study. Pancreatology 2022; 22:339-347. [PMID: 35131169 PMCID: PMC8786679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute pancreatitis (AP) and SARS-CoV-2 superinfection can occur in patients with AP during prolonged hospitalisation. Our objective was to characterize SARS-CoV-2 related AP and study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 superinfection on outcomes in AP. METHODS In this multicentre prospective study, all patients with AP and SARS-CoV-2 infection between August 2020 and February 2021 were divided into two groups: SARS-CoV-2-related AP and superadded SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with AP. The two groups were compared with each other and the whole cohort was compared with a non-COVID AP cohort. RESULTS A total of 85 patients with SARS-CoV-2 and AP (SARS-CoV-2-related AP; n = 18 and AP with SARS-CoV-2 superadded infection; n = 67) were included during the study period. They had a higher mortality [28 (32.9%) vs. 44 (19.1%), aOR 2.8 (95% CI, 1.5-5.3)] than 230 propensity matched non-COVID AP patients. Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 and AP patients was due to critical COVID. SARS-CoV-2-related- AP (n = 18) had a higher but statistically insignificant mortality than SARS-CoV-2 superinfection in AP [8/18 (44.4%) vs 20/67 (29.8%), p = 0.24]. On multivariable analysis, infection with SARS-CoV-2 (aHR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.43.7) was a predictor of in-hospital mortality in addition to organ failure (OF) in patients with AP. CONCLUSION Patients with AP and SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher mortality than matched non-COVID AP patients which was largely attributable to the severity of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 related AP had higher OF and in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Samanta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jahnvi Dhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anany Gupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anugrah Dhooria
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manya Prasad
- Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aritra Das
- Consultant Epidemiologist, Bihar Technical Support Program, CARE India, Bihar, India
| | - Raju Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Pramod K. Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Elhence A, Mahapatra SJ, Madhusudhan KS, Jain S, Sethia R, Teja V, Vajpai T, Malla S, Aggarwal P, Pandey S, Singh AN, Dash NR, Sahni P, Garg PK. Pancreatic hemorrhage contributes to late mortality in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2022; 22:219-225. [PMID: 35034847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frequency, risk factors, and impact on survival of hemorrhage into (peri)pancreatic collections in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) has not been well studied. The study was designed to evaluate the risk factors for hemorrhage, successful hemostasis and its effect on in-hospital mortality. METHODS In a prospective cohort study for prediction of severity of AP, the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of pancreatic hemorrhage were analyzed. Patients with significant hemorrhage were managed according to a predefined protocol including endovascular intervention. RESULTS Out of 363 patients hospitalized during the study-period, 33(9%) patients developed hemorrhage. Median time from onset of AP to hemorrhage was 59(45-68) days. The cause of hemorrhage was arterial in 19(57.5%) patients and unlocalized in 14(42.5%) patients. Hemorrhage was managed by conservative approach in 7 (21.2%), radiographic angioembolisation in 16 (48.5%), radiographic angioembolisation followed by surgery in 3 (9.1%), and surgery in 7 (21.2%) patients. Persistent organ failure [aHR 2.3 (1.1-5.1), p = 0.03], use of large bore (>20 Fr) catheter for initial drainage [aHR 3.9 (1.7-9.1), p = 0.001] and extensive (>50%) necrosis [aHR 3.1 (1.4-6.9), p = 0.005] were significant risk factors for hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was an independent predictor of mortality [aHR 2.0 (1.2-3.4), p = 0.008] in addition to persistent organ failure (aHR 12.1 (5.7-25.8), p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality in patients with hemorrhage was 22/33 (66.7%) vs. 81/330 (25%) in no hemorrhage group [p <0.001]. CONCLUSION Pancreatic hemorrhage occurs later in the course of acute pancreatitis in relatively sicker group of patients with organ failure and extensive necrosis, and is independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Jagannath Mahapatra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saransh Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Sethia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Teja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanmay Vajpai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Malla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Aggarwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Narayan Singh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Dash
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Peush Sahni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Elhence A, Anand A. Reply to the Letter to Editor (LTE): Repurposing transient elastography for Budd Chiari Syndrome: Overcoming the deterrents. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:617. [PMID: 35218922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kulkarni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Biswas SN, Elhence A, Agrawal V, Ghoshal UC. Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia as the First Presentation of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Cureus 2022; 14:e21676. [PMID: 35237475 PMCID: PMC8882223 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a chronic, autoimmune, cholestatic disease, typically occurs in elderly women and commonly presents with pruritus, fatigue, and cholestasis and its complications. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to transfusion-dependent chronic iron deficiency anemia, as the first presentation of PBC is unusual. We present the case of an elderly female with recurrent melena and transfusion-dependent anemia for a year without any history of jaundice, ascites, or hepatic encephalopathy. Investigations revealed iron-deficiency anemia, elevated transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), coarse liver, splenomegaly, and portal vein dilatation on ultrasound. An endoscopic evaluation revealed erythematous linear stripes in the antrum suggestive of GAVE, without esophageal or gastric varices. FibroScan (Echosens, Paris, France) revealed advanced F3 fibrosis. Further etiological workup showed positive antinuclear and antimitochondrial antibodies, elevated IgM levels, and negative viral markers (hepatitis B, C, A, and E). Clinically significant portal hypertension was revealed by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), while transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) revealed lymphocytic infiltration of bile duct epithelium with the destruction of small and medium-sized bile ductules. Iron supplementation, low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid, and argon plasma coagulation were used to treat the patient. At the three-month follow-up, no melena was reported and her hemoglobin and liver function tests remained normal. Patients with PBC presenting with GAVE and recurrent melena as a presenting symptom are rarely reported. An awareness of this presentation is important for its early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Elhence A, Ghoshal UC. Esophageal Motility Disorders: Are We Missing in Our Busy Endoscopy Practice? Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEsophageal motility disorders (EMDs) form a significant part of a busy endoscopist's practice. Endoscopy plays an all-encompassing role in the diagnosis and management of EMDs including achalasia cardia. The focus on in-vogue third-space endoscopic procedures such as per-oral endoscopic myotomy often digresses the important role of endoscopy. Endoscopic evaluation forms the part of standard first-line evaluation of any dysphagia and serves to rule out a secondary cause such as an esophagogastric junction malignancy and eosinophilic esophagitis. Moreover, endoscopic evaluation may itself provide corroborative evidence that may contribute to the diagnosis of the motility disorder. Achalasia cardia may present with a wide spectrum of endoscopic findings from being entirely normal and the well-known and pathognomonic dilated sigmoid-shaped esophagus with food residue, to lesser-known ornate signs. The evidence on the role of endosonography in EMDs is conflicting and largely restricted to evaluation of pseudoachalasia. High-resolution manometry (HRM) remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of EMDs. Endoscopists must also keep abreast of the latest iteration of the Chicago classification version 4.0, which differs significantly from its predecessor in being more stringent in making diagnosis of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and disorders of peristalsis since these manometric findings may be seen in normal individuals and may be mimicked by opioid use and gastroesophageal reflux. The latest rendition also includes the use of provocative maneuvers and testing in both supine and sitting posture. Despite being the gold standard, there are certain lacunae in the use and interpretation of the Chicago classification of which the users should be well aware. Emerging technologies such as functional lumen imaging probe and planimetry, and timed barium esophagogram fill the lacuna in diagnosis of these motility disorders, which at times is beyond the resolution of HRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uday C. Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Vaishnav M, Elhence A, Biswas S, Pathak P, Anand A, Sheikh S, Singh V, Maitra S, Goel A. The Outcome in Cirrhosis after Hospital Discharge is Not Worsened with COVID-19 Infection: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:830-840. [PMID: 34840484 PMCID: PMC8610830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have high in-hospital mortality. The information on the outcome of cirrhosis patients in the posthospitalization period is limited. AIMS We aimed to study the outcome of cirrhosis patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. METHODS The records of the cirrhosis patients discharged after COVID-19 were reviewed. Their data were compared with a similar number of cirrhosis patients without COVID-19 after propensity score matching for age, sex, etiology of cirrhosis, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. RESULTS Cirrhosis patients with (n = 92) or without (n = 92) COVID-19 were included in 1:1 ratio. The mortality among COVID-19 (22; 23.9%) and non-COVID-19 (19; 20.7%) were comparable (HR 1.224; 95% CI 0.663-2.263, P = 0.520), over a similar duration of follow-up [186 (86-271) vs. 183 (103-274)]. Among COVID-19 patients, 45; 48.9% developed a new acute decompensation-increased ascites (40; 43.5%), hepatic encephalopathy (20; 21.7%), or variceal bleeding (8; 8.7%) whereas 25 (27.2%) patients needed rehospitalization. A proportion of participants continued to have either fatigue/weakness (24/80; 30.0%), sleep disturbances (11/80; 13.7%), or joint pains (16/80; 20.0%). The most common causes of death in patients of both groups were end-stage liver disease: 16 (72.7%) vs. 9 (47.4%), followed by multiorgan dysfunction: 4 (18.2%) vs. 6 (31.6%), GI bleeding: 2 (9.1%) vs. 4 (21.0%), P = 0.484. A lower albumin level, higher international normalized ratio, bilirubin, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, and MELD scores at discharge predicted mortality in the COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION Short-term outcomes of patients with cirrhosis who survive the initial insult of COVID-19 are not different from patients without COVID-19, and survival is determined by the severity of liver disease at discharge.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AD, acute decompensation
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alk P, alkaline phosphatase
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh
- GI, Gastrointestinal
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- INR, international normalized ratio
- IQR, interquartile range
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- TLC, Total leukocyte count
- chronic liver disease
- coronavirus
- mortality
- pandemic
- virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piysuh Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabreena Sheikh
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Souvik Maitra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Anand A, Singh AA, Elhence A, Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Gunjan D, Gamanagatti SR, Nayak B, Kumar R, Shalimar. Prevalence and Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Family Members of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:362-371. [PMID: 35535086 PMCID: PMC9077183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite the high prevalence, no screening recommendations yet exist. We designed a prospective observational study to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in the family of patients with NAFLD and develop a predictive model for identifying it. Methodology The prevalence of NAFLD in patients' family members was estimated using ultrasonography, and univariate and multivariate odds were calculated for its predictors. A model was created using the significant parameters on multivariate odds, and its performance was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). Results Among 447 family members of 191 patients with NAFLD, the prevalence of NAFLD was 55.9%. Family members with NAFLD were younger and had lower serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides. The liver stiffness measurement and controlled attenuation parameter values were also lesser in family members compared to the index cases. Age, body mass index (BMI), and ALT were independent predictors of NAFLD in the family members. A model combining age and BMI had an AUROC of 0.838 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.800-0.876, P < 0.001]. Age ≥30 years and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had an odds ratio of 33.5 (95% CI 17.0-66.0, P < 0.001) for prediction of NAFLD, in comparison to BMI <25 kg/m2 and age <30 years. Conclusion Family members of patients with NAFLD are at increased risk of NAFLD. Screening strategies using BMI and age ensure early identification and could be beneficial in clinical practice.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- APRI, AST to platelet ratio index
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- AUROC, Area under ROC
- BMI
- BMI, Body mass index
- CAP, Controlled attenuation parameter
- CI, Confidence interval
- EASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver
- FAST, FibroScan-AST
- FDRs, First-degree relatives
- FIB-4, Fibrosis-4
- HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HbA1C, Glycosylated hemoglobin
- LSM, Liver stiffness measure
- MetS, Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NCEP-ATP, National Cholesterol Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel
- NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score
- OR, Odds ratio
- ROC, Receiver operating curve
- family members
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- predictors
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit A. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr Shalimar, Additional Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. Tel.: +91 9968405815; Fax: +91 11 26588663, +91 11 26588641.
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Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years in many countries. A recent understanding of nuclear bile acid receptor pathways has increased focus on the impact of crosstalk between the gut, bile acids, and liver on liver pathology. While conventionally used in cholestatic disorders and to dissolve gallstones, the discovery of bile acids' influence on the gut microbiome and human metabolism offers a unique potential for their utility in early and advanced liver diseases because of diverse etiologies. Based on these findings, preclinical studies using bile acid-based molecules have shown encouraging results at addressing liver inflammation and fibrosis. Emerging data also suggest that bile acid profiles change distinctively across various causes of liver disease. We summarize the current knowledge and evidence related to bile acids in health and disease and discuss culminated and ongoing therapeutic trials of bile acid derivatives in CLD. In the near future, further evidence in this area might help clinicians better detect and manage liver diseases.
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Key Words
- AD, Acute decompensation
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- AMACR, α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)
- ASBT, Apical sodium dependent bile salt transporter
- BA, Bile acid
- BSEP, Bile salt export pump
- BSH, Bile salt hydrolase
- CA, Cholic acid
- CDCA, Chenodeoxycholic acid
- CLD
- CLD, Chronic Liver Disease
- CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh
- CYP7A1, Cholesterol 7 α hydroxylase
- DCA, Deoxycholic acid
- DR5, Death receptor 5
- ELF, Enhanced Liver Fibrosis
- FGF-19, Fibroblast growth factor-19
- FGFR4, FGF receptor 4
- FXR, Farnesoid X receptor
- GCA, Glycocholic acid
- GDCA, Glycodeoxycholic acid
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide1
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HVPG, Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient
- LCA, Lithocholic acid
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)
- MRI-PDFF, Magnetic resonance imaging derived proton density fat fraction
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NTCP, Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide
- OCA, Obeticholic acid
- OST, Organic solute transporter
- PBC, Primary biliary cirrhosis
- PFIC, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
- PSC, Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- PXR, Pregnane X receptor
- SHP, Small heterodimer partner
- TBA, Total bile acids
- TGR5, Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- UDCA, Ursodeoxycholic acid
- UPLC-MS, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
- VDR, Vitamin D receptor
- bile acids
- cirrhosis
- microbiome
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Affiliation(s)
- Naba Farooqui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shalimar, Elhence A, Bansal B, Gupta H, Anand A, Singh TP, Goel A. Prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:818-829. [PMID: 35677499 PMCID: PMC9168741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) contributes to a large proportion of liver disease burden in the world. Several groups have studied the prevalence of NAFLD in the Indian population. AIM A systematic review of the published literature and meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in the Indian population. METHODS English language literature published until April 2021 was searched from electronic databases. Original data published in any form which had reported NAFLD prevalence in the Indian population were included. The subgroup analysis of prevalence was done based on the age (adults or children) and risk category, i.e., average-risk group (community population, participants of control arm, unselected participants, hypothyroidic individuals, athletes, aviation crew, and army personnel) and high-risk group (obesity or overweight, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, etc.). The prevalence estimates were pooled using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2. RESULTS Sixty-two datasets (children 8 and adults 54) from 50 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of NAFLD was estimated from 2903 children and 23,581 adult participants. Among adults, the estimated pooled prevalence was 38.6% (95% CI 32-45.5). The NAFLD prevalence in average-risk and high-risk subgroups was estimated to be 28.1% (95% CI 20.8-36) and 52.8% (95% CI 46.5-59.1), respectively. The estimated NAFLD prevalence was higher in hospital-based data (40.8% [95% CI 32.6-49.3%]) than community-based data (28.2% [95% CI 16.9-41%]). Among children, the estimated pooled prevalence was 35.4% (95% CI 18.2-54.7). The prevalence among non-obese and obese children was 12.4 (95% CI 4.4-23.5) and 63.4 (95% CI 59.4-67.3), respectively. CONCLUSION Available data suggest that approximately one in three adults or children have NAFLD in India.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, Body mass index
- CAD, Coronary artery disease
- CI, Confidence interval
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- GBD, Global burden of disease
- GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus
- GDP, Gross domestic product
- HC, Healthy control
- IGT, Impaired glucose tolerance
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NPCDCS, National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke
- OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea
- PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- UT, Union Territories
- diabetes mellitus
- fatty liver
- metabolic syndrome
- obesity
- steatohepatitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalimar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhavik Bansal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hardik Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thakur P. Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,Address for correspondence: Amit Goel, Additional Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Anand A, Biswas S, Vaishnav M, Gamanagatti SR, Elhence A, Jindal V, Banyal V, Singh V, Kumar R, Shalimar. Clinical Utility of Transient Elastography in the Management of Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome Undergoing Endovascular Intervention. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 33:268-277.e3. [PMID: 34798289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify liver stiffness measurement (LSM) changes after endovascular intervention for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and evaluate whether LSM changes predict restenosis after endovascular intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with BCS who underwent endovascular intervention and had at least 2 LSM values available after the intervention were included. ΔLSM was the difference between LSMs estimated at the last and second last hospital visits. In patients with restenosis, 2 LSM values before restenosis were included. ΔLSM% was calculated as the ratio of ΔLSM to the LSM at the second last visit and expressed as a percentage. Odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval (CI) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were calculated for the predictors of restenosis. RESULTS The median baseline and postinterventional 1-week, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month LSM values were 47.2 kPa (33.8-68.4 kPa), 29.2 kPa (24.5-43.0 kPa), 26.2 kPa (18.6-38.9 kPa), 20.9 kPa (13.3-29.8 kPa), and 17.3 kPa (11.8-25.4 kPa), respectively. Of the 118 patients, including 67 men, restenosis developed in 10 patients after a median (interquartile range) duration of 19 months (11-46 months). ΔLSM% was higher (more positive) in patients with restenosis than in those without restenosis (44.7 [8.3-134.3] vs -6.6 [-19.4 to 14.9], P = .001). ΔLSM% was a significant predictor of restenosis with an OR of 1.032 (95% CI, 1.015-1.050; P < .001). The AUROC for ΔLSM% was 0.831 (95% CI, 0.750-0.893; P = .001), and a ΔLSM% increment of 13.2% predicted restenosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 74.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LSM gradually decreases after endovascular intervention, and transient elastography is a promising test for detecting restenosis after the endovascular treatment of patients with BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Jindal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Banyal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Elhence A, Kulkarni A, Ghoshal UC. Metabobariatric Endoscopy: Deflating the Balloons of Myth. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00413. [PMID: 34620800 PMCID: PMC8500567 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| | - Akshay Kulkarni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| | - Uday C. Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Sharma S, Elhence A, Vaishnav M, Kumar R, Shalimar. COVID-19 in patients with cirrhosis: understanding adverse impact. Gut 2021; 70:1409. [PMID: 32826307 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Sharma
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manas Vaishnav
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shalimar
- Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Anand A, Elhence A, Vaishnav M, Singh AA, Rajput MS, Banyal V, Jindal V, Pathak P, Kumar P, Nayak B, Yadav R, Das P, Garg H, Agarwal L, Aggarwal S, Kumar R, Shalimar. FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase score in an Asian cohort of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its utility in predicting histological resolution with bariatric surgery. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1309-1316. [PMID: 33232525 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score was developed for identifying patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, who also have an elevated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) ≥ 4 and significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2). We aimed to validate it in our NAFLD cohort and assess if it correlates with the histological changes after bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients with NAFLD, including those undergoing bariatric surgery, were included. The FAST score was calculated using liver stiffness measure, controlled attenuation parameter, and aspartate aminotransferase. Calibration and discrimination of the model were assessed by calibration plots and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed at the rule-out and rule-in cutoffs (≤0.35 and ≥0.67), respectively. Changes in the NAS and FAST scores were compared in the bariatric cohort 1 year after surgery. RESULTS The cohort composed of 309 patients, of which 48 patients underwent repeat liver biopsy at 1 year. The model showed good discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 (0.74-0.84); however, it was not satisfactorily calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.008). The sensitivity and specificity at the rule-out and rule-in cutoffs were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. A significant correlation was seen between the 1-year reduction in the NAS and FAST scores (r = 0.38, P = 0.009). A significant reduction in the median FAST score was seen in patients who had ≥2-point reduction in NAS after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSION FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase score demonstrated good discrimination for fibrotic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in our cohort. However, a miscalibration resulted in overprediction. The score correlated well with the histological response to interventions for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Anurag Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahendra Singh Rajput
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Banyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Jindal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Peeyush Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Agarwal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplant, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Elhence A, Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Chauhan A, Anand A, Shalimar. Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the Liver. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:247-255. [PMID: 34007807 PMCID: PMC8111098 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within a year of its emergence, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic. What has emerged during the past 1 year is that, apart from its potentially fatal respiratory presentation from which the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) derives its name, it presents with a myriad of gastrointestinal (GI) and liver manifestations. Expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor throughout the GI tract and liver, which is the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, may be responsible for the GI and liver manifestations. Besides acting directly via the ACE-2 receptor, the virus triggers a potent immune response, which might have a role in pathogenesis. The virus leads to derangement in liver function tests in close to 50% of the patients. The impact of these derangements in patients with a normal underlying liver seems to be innocuous. Severe clinical presentations include acute decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure in a patient with chronic liver disease, leading to high mortality. Evolving data suggests that, contrary to intuition, liver transplant recipients and patients with autoimmune liver disease on immunosuppression do not have increased mortality. The exact mechanism underlying why immunosuppressed patients fare well as compared to other patients remains to be deciphered. With newer variants of COVID-19, which can spread faster than the original strain, the data on hepatic manifestations needs to be updated to keep a step ahead of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Chauhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Elhence A, Singh A, Anand A, Kumar R, Ashraf A, Kumar S, Pradhan D, Pathak P, Vaishnav M, Rajput MS, Banyal V, Nayak B, Shalimar. Real-world re-treatment outcomes of direct-acting antiviral therapy failure in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4982-4991. [PMID: 33783006 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are associated with high (>95%) sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. There is a paucity of data regarding the characteristics and re-treatment outcomes of DAA treatment failure patients. In a retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected database, we assessed the outcomes of re-treatment among patients with previous DAA failure. Patients' characteristics, viral characteristics, including resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) in a subgroup of patients, SVR12, and clinical outcomes were studied. Of 40 patients with DAA failure, among whom 36 were retreated, mean age was 45.7 years, 63.9% (n = 23) were male, 63.9% (n = 23) had a genotype-3 infection and 63.9% (n = 23) were cirrhotic. The re-treatment regimens included a combination of pan-genotypic DAA, mainly sofosbuvir and velpatasvir with or without ribavirin. Three patients who declined retreatment and one who was still on treatment was excluded. For patients who completed re-treatment, SVR12 was 100% irrespective of genotypes. SVR12 among genotype 3 was 75% (15 of 20) when lost to follow-up was considered a treatment failure. Six patients died due to liver-related causes, including five (83.3%) with hepatocellular carcinoma. RAS analysis in 17 randomly selected patients did not reveal any dominant substitutions in NS5A or NS5B region affecting SVR12, though several novel mutations were observed. In conclusion, re-treatment of CHC patients with prior DAA failure using pan-genotypic DAA is associated with high SVR12 rates irrespective of genotype or the presence of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Achintya Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhinav Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Anzar Ashraf
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, Computational Genomics Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Pathak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahendra Singh Rajput
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Banyal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Elhence A, Gamanagatti S, Das P. Budd Chiari Syndrome and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma, An Unusual Combination: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Perm J 2021; 24:1-3. [PMID: 33482951 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/19.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arising in the setting of Budd Chiari syndrome is uncommon and its prognostic and management implications differ from hepatocellular carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a patient with primary Budd Chiari syndrome. Hepatocellular carcinoma is known to occur with Budd Chiari syndrome. It was difficult to differentiate from hepatocellular carcinoma in the presence of increased alfa-fetoprotein levels. The contrast imaging showed features of progressive enhancement in the arterial, portal, and venous phases. A targeted liver biopsy showed histological features typical for cholangiocarcinoma. Immunostaining for cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 were positive, whereas that for arginase was negative, suggesting an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient was planned for inferior vena cava angioplasty followed by resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Previously, only secondary Budd Chiari syndrome developing in the background of primary liver tumor has been described; no report exists of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arising in background of primary Budd Chiari syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivanand Gamanagatti
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Vaishnav M, Elhence A, Kumar R, Mohta S, Palle C, Kumar P, Ranjan M, Vajpai T, Prasad S, Yegurla J, Dhooria A, Banyal V, Agarwal S, Bansal R, Bhattacharjee S, Aggarwal R, Soni KD, Rudravaram S, Singh AK, Altaf I, Choudekar A, Mahapatra SJ, Gunjan D, Kedia S, Makharia G, Trikha A, Garg P, Saraya A. Outcome of Conservative Therapy in Coronavirus disease-2019 Patients Presenting With Gastrointestinal Bleeding. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:327-333. [PMID: 33519132 PMCID: PMC7833290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of data on the management of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) amid concerns about the risk of transmission during endoscopic procedures. We aimed to study the outcomes of conservative treatment for GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, 24 of 1342 (1.8%) patients with COVID-19, presenting with GI bleeding from 22nd April to 22nd July 2020, were included. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 45.8 ± 12.7 years; 17 (70.8%) were males; upper GI (UGI) bleeding: lower GI (LGI) 23:1. Twenty-two (91.6%) patients had evidence of cirrhosis- 21 presented with UGI bleeding while one had bleeding from hemorrhoids. Two patients without cirrhosis were presumed to have non-variceal bleeding. The medical therapy for UGI bleeding included vasoconstrictors-somatostatin in 17 (73.9%) and terlipressin in 4 (17.4%) patients. All patients with UGI bleeding received proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFPs) and platelets were transfused in 14 (60.9%), 3 (13.0%) and 3 (13.0%), respectively. The median PRBCs transfused was 1 (0-3) unit(s). The initial control of UGI bleeding was achieved in all 23 patients and none required an emergency endoscopy. At 5-day follow-up, none rebled or died. Two patients later rebled, one had intermittent bleed due to gastric antral vascular ectasia, while another had rebleed 19 days after discharge. Three (12.5%) cirrhosis patients succumbed to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during hospital stay. CONCLUSION Conservative management strategies including pharmacotherapy, restrictive transfusion strategy, and close hemodynamic monitoring can successfully manage GI bleeding in COVID-19 patients and reduce need for urgent endoscopy. The decision for proceeding with endoscopy should be taken by a multidisciplinary team after consideration of the patient's condition, response to treatment, resources and the risks involved, on a case to case basis.
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Key Words
- AD, Acute decompensation
- AIH, Autoimmune hepatitis
- AIMS65, Albumin, international normalized ratio, mental status, systolic blood pressure, age > 65
- CLD, Chronic liver disease
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease −2019
- CRS, Clinical Rockall Score
- Carvedilol
- Endoscopy
- FFP, Fresh frozen plasma
- GAVE, Gastric antral vascular ectasia
- GBS, Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score
- GI, Gastrointestinal
- HE, Hepatic encephalopathy
- HVPG, Hepatic venous pressure gradient
- INR, International normalized ratio
- LGI, Lower gastrointestinal
- Liver transplant
- MOHFW, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PPE, Personal protective equipment
- PRBC, Packed red blood cells
- Prognosis
- Proton pump inhibitors
- RR, Respiratory rate
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2
- UGI, Upper gastrointestinal
- Variceal bleeding
- mGBS, Modified Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Vaishnav
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Srikant Mohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Palle
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Peeyush Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Ranjan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanmay Vajpai
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubham Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jatin Yegurla
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anugrah Dhooria
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Banyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samagra Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sulagna Bhattacharjee
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Aggarwal
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Kapil D Soni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Swetha Rudravaram
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Ashutosh K Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Irfan Altaf
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Avinash Choudekar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya J Mahapatra
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjan Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Pramod Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Elhence A, Shalimar. Hepatic Tuberculosis: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:521. [PMID: 34276162 PMCID: PMC8267350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalimar
- Address for correspondence: Dr Shalimar, Additional Professor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No 127, Human Nutrition Unit, 1st Floor, Old O.T. Block, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
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Elhence A, Aggarwal A, Goel A, Aggarwal M, Das P, Shalimar. Granulomatous Tubercular Hepatitis Presenting as Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:149-153. [PMID: 33679052 PMCID: PMC7897858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening disorder characterized by persistent pathologic activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. We present details of a young patient who presented with high-grade fever, jaundice, and breathlessness. On investigations, he had hepatitis, anemia, neutropenia, and coagulopathy. He also had hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperferritinemia. Bone marrow aspiration revealed histiocytosis, and transjugular liver biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomas positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on acid-fast bacilli staining. He was successfully managed with a combination of immunosuppressants and antitubercular therapy. Tuberculosis associated hemophagocytosis syndrome is rare and should be considered in patients with unexplained hemophagocytosis syndrome, especially in tuberculosis-endemic regions. Prompt recognition and treatment with antitubercular treatment and immunosuppressants are associated with good outcomes.
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Key Words
- ADA, adenosine deaminase
- AFB, acid-fast bacilli
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ATT, antitubercular therapy
- CAM, complementary and alternative medicine
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HLH
- HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- INR, international normalized ratio
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NK cell, natural killer cell
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PUO
- SAAG, serum-ascites albumin gradient
- TB-HLH, tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- TJLB, transjugular liver biopsy
- hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- lymph node
- tuberculosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenetrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Ashish Goel
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Mukul Aggarwal
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenetrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr Shalimar, Additional Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Elhence A, Kumar R, Shalimar. Letter: elevated liver enzymes and outcome in COVID-19. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1233-1234. [PMID: 33016552 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Elhence A, Mahapatra SJ, Vajpai T, Garg PK. Acute pancreatitis and nosocomial COVID-19: Cause specific host responses may determine lung injury. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1258-1261. [PMID: 32859545 PMCID: PMC7437538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with myriad extra-pulmonary manifestation and a high mortality in patients with comorbidities. Its effect on patients with pre-existing acute pancreatitis is not known. METHODS We hereby, present 3 cases with severe acute pancreatitis with persistent respiratory failure who acquired nosocomial COVID-19 during their hospital stay after recovery from respiratory failure. Their clinical course is highlighted which reflects on pathophysiology of organ dysfunction in these 2 disease states. RESULTS None of the 3 patients with severe acute pancreatitis who developed nosocomial COVID-19 redeveloped respiratory failure due to COVID-19 despite having recently recovered from pancreatitis induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Only one patient developed SARS-CoV2 induced moderate pneumonia. CONCLUSION These cases highlight that host responses and mechanisms of lung injury might be different in severe acute pancreatitis and COVID-19.
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Shalimar, Sharma S, Gamanagatti SR, Chauhan A, Vuyyuru SK, Elhence A, Rout G, Saraya A, Gunjan D, Nayak B, Kumar R, Acharya SK. Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Profile and Predictors of Outcome. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2719-2729. [PMID: 31897895 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-06005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is a paucity of data on the clinical presentations and outcome of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure (BCS-ACLF). We aimed to describe the profile and outcomes of endovascular interventions in patients with BCS-ACLF. METHODS All BCS-ACLF patients presenting between October 2007 and April 2019 satisfying the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) definition were studied. We compared 30- , 90- and, 180-day survival among BCS-ACLF patients who underwent endovascular intervention with those who did not, and with a historical cohort of Child-C BCS patients without ACLF who underwent endovascular intervention. RESULTS Twenty-eight (5%) of 553 BCS patients presented as ACLF as per APASL definition. The majority (60.7%) were males, and mean age was 29.6 ± 11.2 years. The most common site of the block was isolated involvement of hepatic veins-HV (68%), followed by combined inferior vena cava (IVC) and HV block (25%) and isolated IVC block (7%). The acute precipitants were stent thrombosis (17.9%), acute HV thrombosis (10.7%), acute viral hepatitis (7.1%), and antituberculosis drug with hepatitis B virus reactivation (3.6%). In 60.7% patients, no acute precipitant could be identified. The 30- , 90- , and 180-day survival in BCS-ACLF post-endovascular intervention (n = 15), BCS-ACLF without endovascular intervention (n = 13), and Child-C BCS without ACLF who underwent endovascular intervention (n = 25) were (93%, 87%, and 87%), (46%, 28%, and 0%) and (96%, 92%, and 88%), respectively (log-rank test, p value < 0.001). On multivariate Cox proportional analysis, endovascular intervention and the presence of hepatic encephalopathy were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION Budd-Chiari syndrome can present as acute-on-chronic liver failure. Endovascular intervention is associated with an improved outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Sanchit Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Ashish Chauhan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anshuman Elhence
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gyanranjan Rout
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Shalimar D, Vaishnav M, Elhence A, Kumar R, Mohta S, Palle C, Kumar P, Ranjan M, Vajpai T, Prasad S, Yegurla J, Dhooria A, Banyal V, Agarwal S, Bansal R, Bhattacharjee S, Aggarwal R, Soni KD, Rudravaram S, Singh AK, Altaf I, Choudekar A, Mahapatra SJ, Gunjan D, Kedia S, Makharia G, Trikha A, Garg P, Saraya A. Outcome of Conservative Therapy in COVID-19 Patients Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding.. [DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.06.20169813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data on the management of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with COVID-19 amid concerns about the risk of transmission during endoscopic procedures. We aimed to study the outcomes of conservative treatment for GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19.
MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 24 of 1342 (1.8%) patients with COVID-19, presenting with GI bleeding from 22 April to 22 July 2020, were included.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 45.8±12.7 years; 17 (70.8%) were males; upper GI (UGI) bleeding: lower GI (LGI) 23:1. Twenty-two (91.6%) patients had evidence of cirrhosis-21 presented with UGI bleeding while one had bleeding from hemorrhoids. Two patients without cirrhosis were presumed to have non-variceal bleeding. The medical therapy for UGI bleeding included vasoconstrictors-somatostatin in 17 (73.9%) and terlipressin in 4 (17.4%) patients. All patients with UGI bleeding received proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs), fresh frozen plasma and platelets were transfused in 14 (60.9%), 3 (13.0%) and 3 (13.0%), respectively. The median PRBCs transfused was 1 (0-3) unit(s). The initial control of UGI bleeding was achieved in all 23 patients and none required an emergency endoscopy. At 5-day follow-up, none rebled or died. Two patients later rebled, one had intermittent bleed due to gastric antral vascular ectasia, while another had rebleed 19 days after discharge. Three (12.5%) cirrhosis patients succumbed to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during hospital stay.ConclusionConservative management strategies including pharmacotherapy, restrictive transfusion strategy, and close hemodynamic monitoring can successfully manage GI bleeding in COVID-19 patients and reduce need for urgent endoscopy. The decision for proceeding with endoscopy should be taken by a multidisciplinary team after consideration of the patient’s condition, response to treatment, resources and the risks involved, on a case to case basis.
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