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Dalmagro M, Donadel G, Moraes Pinc M, Becker Viana AP, Klein EJ, da Silva EA, Cassemiro NS, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A, de Almeida Canoff JR, Lourenço ELB, Hoscheid J. Exploring antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition in Eugenia L. extracts: a comprehensive phytochemical study. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38738742 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2352868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study analysed extracts obtained from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora, E. involucrata, and E. myrcianthes to determine their chemical composition, antioxidative properties, and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. By using liquid chromatography with a diode array detector, we identified chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, tannins, proanthocyanidins, saponins, and triterpenes in the extracts. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were found to be directly related to their total phenolic, flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition. The E. uniflora aqueous extract showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 0.98 µg mL-1), indicating its potential as a non-competitive inhibitor for managing Diabetes Mellitus. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on the chemical and biological aspects of Eugenia genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dalmagro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with an Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Mariana Moraes Pinc
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Elissandro Jair Klein
- Graduate Program in Chemical and Biotechnological Processes (PPGQB), Federal University of Technology Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edson Antônio da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, State University of Western Paraná, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Natural Products Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Natural Products Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with an Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, University of Paraná, Umuarama, Brazil
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Acácio BR, Prada AL, Neto SF, Gomes GB, Perdomo RT, Nazario CED, Neto ES, Martines MAU, de Almeida DAT, Gasparotto Junior A, Amado JRR. Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effect, and acute oral toxicity of a novel Attalea phalerata kernel oil-loaded nanocapsules. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116308. [PMID: 38626517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The kernel oil of the Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng (Acurí) is traditionally used in several Latin American countries to treat respiratory problems, inflammation, and fever. However, it cannot be found on the literature any attend to use this oil in pharmaceutical formulation. In this paper, it was developed Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules, and it was evaluated the cytotoxicity against cancer cells, the antinflammatory activity and the oral acute toxicity in rats. Acurí oil contains lauric acid as the predominant saturated fatty acid (433.26 mg/g) and oleic acid as the main unsaturated fatty acid (180.06 mg/g). The Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules showed a size of 237 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.260, and a high ζ-potential of -78.75 mV. It was obtained an encapsulation efficiency of 88.77%, and the nanocapsules remain stable on the shelf for 180 days. The nanocapsules showed a rapid release profile (98.25% in 40 minutes). Nanocapsules at a dose of 10 mg/kg exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect similar to indomethacin at the same dose. The nanocapsules showed excellent antiproliferative effect and selectivity index against prostate tumor cells (IC50 2.09 µg/mL, SI=119.61) and kidney tumor cells (IC50 3.03 µg/mL, SI=82.50). Both Acurí oil and Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules are nontoxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Additionally, they reduce serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in rat and could find application in nutraceutical formulations. The Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules emerge as a promising candidate for new antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rodrigues Acácio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ariadna Lafourcade Prada
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Serafim Florentino Neto
- Laboratory of Innovation in Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Giovana Bicudo Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Sobieski Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jesus Rafael Rodriguez Amado
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Moreno KGT, Marques AAM, da Silva GP, Bertoncelo LA, Pessoal LB, Gonçalves LD, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective Effects of Aloysia polystachya Essential Oil on a Rat Model with Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Planta Med 2024. [PMID: 38631368 DOI: 10.1055/a-2294-6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Traditional medicine is a frequently utilized method to treat cardiovascular disease and its primary risk factors, including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Aloysia polystachya is a species that is commonly employed to treat various pathological conditions, and it has already been identified as having some cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of A. polystachya in a rat model that simulates multiple cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluate the acute toxicity, as well as the cardioprotective effects, by giving different doses of A. polystachya essential oil (1.47 mg/kg, 4.40 mg/kg, and 13.20 mg/kg) over a period of 42 days. The control group was treated with rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg). At the end of the treatments, the renal function, electrocardiography, blood pressure, vascular reactivity, serum biochemical profile, and organ histopathology were evaluated. The main compounds identified in the essential oil of A. polystachya using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were beta-myrcene (1.08%), limonene (40.13%), and carvone (56.47%). The essential oil of A. polystachya not only lacks acute toxicity but also mitigates the reduction in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and creatinine in urine. Furthermore, it reduces electrocardiographic abnormalities and decreases blood pressure levels. Moreover, this treatment prevents an elevation in markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the bloodstream. Our findings indicate significant cardioprotective effects of the essential oil of A. polystachya against multiple risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Luana Ale Bertoncelo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciane Barbosa Pessoal
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dantas Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LAPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Cestari AP, Gasparotto FM, Kassuya CAL, Lacerda TMR, Donadel G, Moura CS, Ceranto DB, Jacomassi E, Alberton O, Tramontini SB, Bertoncello LA, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB. Ateroprotective effects of Plinia cauliflora in. New Zealand rabbits: beyond the lipid-lowering effect. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1244632. [PMID: 38283628 PMCID: PMC10811141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1244632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Plinia cauliflora [Mart.] Kausel (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "jabuticaba," is a fruit species native to Brazil. Despite extensive widespread usage, its antiatherosclerotic properties' impact remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a preparation obtained from the fruit peels of P. cauliflora (EEPC). Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits received a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 60 days. On the thirtieth day, the animals were divided into five experimental groups and received, once a day, by the oral route, the EEPC (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, peripheral blood and arterial branch samples were collected. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (NT), nitrite, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were measured. Moreover, the catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured on the arterial samples. Histopathological analysis and arterial morphometry were also performed. Results and discussion: The oral administration of ESEG significantly lowered the levels of lipids in rabbits that were fed a CRD diet. This treatment also adjusted the protective system against oxidation in the arteries by decreasing the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Additionally, the levels of IL-1b, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in the bloodstream decreased significantly, and this was accompanied by a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in all branches of the arteries. The findings suggest that EEPC may be a possible option for additional management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Cestari
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Francielly Mourão Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Tauany Milan Ribeiro Lacerda
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Catia Sari Moura
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Daniela Boleta Ceranto
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Odair Alberton
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Salviano Belletini Tramontini
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Luana Ale Bertoncello
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Master’s Degree in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Basic Healthcare, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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Gasparotto Junior A. Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:39. [PMID: 38256873 PMCID: PMC10818466 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease and renal diseases, which can heighten the likelihood of experiencing related conditions like myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
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Lopes KS, Marques AAM, Moreno KGT, dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Lourenço ELB, Oliveira RJ, Gomes RDS, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective Effects of Solidago microglossa DC. in Nicotine-Treated Hypertensive Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023; 2023:6611569. [PMID: 38161789 PMCID: PMC10756737 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6611569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Solidago microglossa DC. (Asteraceae), "arnica brasileira," is a Brazilian species popularly used to treat hypertension or renal ailments. This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of standardized S. microglossa extract (EESM) in nicotine-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Moreover, the molecular mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular effects were also investigated. The acute toxicity was evaluated in female Wistar rats. Afterwards, six-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats received the EESM (14, 28, and 56 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), and vehicle (filtered water; 0.1 mL/100 g) once daily for 28 days. All treatments were associated with 1.8 mg/kg of nicotine. At the end of the experimental period, the renal function, electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, ventricular function, biochemical parameter, and mesenteric vascular bed reactivity were evaluated. Relative organ weights and cardiac morphometry were also investigated. Nicotine treatment in 6-month-old SHRs induced a significant reduction in renal function, with reduced urinary volume and lower renal elimination of sodium and creatinine. In addition, serum markers of the redox state and blood pressure levels remained significantly elevated, contributing to changes in vascular reactivity and left ventricular hypertrophy associated with reduced ventricular function. After 28 days of treatment, we found that the highest dose of EESM could mitigate all renal and cardiovascular changes developed by the nicotine-treated hypertensive rats. This study presented EESM as a possible cardioprotective drug that prevents cardiovascular dysfunctions in nicotine-treated hypertensive rats. Our data suggest EESM as a potential adjuvant therapy when cardioprotective effects are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiana Simões Lopes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Monteiro LM, Klider LM, Marques AAM, Farago PV, Emiliano J, Souza RIC, dos Santos AC, dos Santos VLP, Wang M, Cassemiro NS, Silva DB, Khan IA, Gasparotto Junior A, Manfron J. The Cardiorenal Effects of Piper amalago Are Mediated by the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway and the Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1630. [PMID: 38004495 PMCID: PMC10675251 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper amalago L. is used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat inflammation, chest pain, and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the safety and the renal and cardiovascular effects of the volatile oil (VO) and the aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic (HE) extracts from P. amalago. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses identified 47 compounds in the VO, with β-cyclogermacrene, spathulenol, β-phellandrene, and α-pinene standing out. Among the 47 compounds also found in AE and HE by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, glycosylated flavones, organic acids, amino acids, and amides were highlighted. Some examples of these compounds are methoxy-methylenedioxy cis-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine, methoxy-methylenedioxy trans-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine, and cyclobutene-2,4-bis-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-methoxy-6-yl)-1,3-dicarboxapyrrolidide. The acute toxicity experiments were conducted on female rats (n = 5). The cardiorenal assays (n = 8) and evaluations of vasodilatory effects on the mesenteric vascular bed (n = 5) were conducted on male rats. In either extract or VO, there were no mortality or changes in relative weights or histopathological analysis of the organs. Urinary volume and renal electrolyte excretion were elevated significantly during repeated dose 7-day treatment with different preparations from P. amalago. None of the preparations induced hypotension or changes in cardiac electrical activity. Only HE promoted significant vasodilatory effects in rats' isolated mesenteric vascular beds. These effects were completely abolished in the presence of L-NAME plus 4-aminopyridine. Therefore, P. amalago leaves are safe and present diuretic activity after acute and repeated dose administration over 7 days. Moreover, the HE induced significant vasodilator response in rats' mesenteric vascular beds by NO/cGMP pathway and voltage-dependent K+ channels activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane M. Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Lislaine M. Klider
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Aline A. M. Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Paulo V. Farago
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Janaína Emiliano
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79080-190, MS, Brazil; (J.E.); (N.S.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Roosevelt I. C. Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Ariany C. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Vera L. P. dos Santos
- School of Health, Environment, Sustainability and Humanity, Uninter International University Center, Curitiba 80020-110, PR, Brazil;
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Nadla S. Cassemiro
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79080-190, MS, Brazil; (J.E.); (N.S.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79080-190, MS, Brazil; (J.E.); (N.S.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Jane Manfron
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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Moser JC, da Silva RDCV, Costa P, da Silva LM, Cassemiro NS, Gasparotto Junior A, Silva DB, de Souza P. Role of K + and Ca 2+ Channels in the Vasodilator Effects of Plectranthus barbatus (Brazilian Boldo) in Hypertensive Rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:9948707. [PMID: 38024105 PMCID: PMC10673663 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9948707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plectranthus barbatus, popularly known as Brazilian boldo, is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders including hypertension. This study investigated the chemical profile by UFLC-DAD-MS and the relaxant effect by using an isolated organ bath of the hydroethanolic extract of P. barbatus (HEPB) leaves on the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of nineteen compounds were annotated from HEPB, and the main metabolite classes found were flavonoids, diterpenoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, and organic acids. The HEPB promoted an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect (~100%; EC50 ~347.10 μg/mL). Incubation of L-NAME (a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; EC50 ~417.20 μg/mL), ODQ (a selective inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme; EC50 ~426.00 μg/mL), propranolol (a nonselective α-adrenergic receptor antagonist; EC50 ~448.90 μg/mL), or indomethacin (a nonselective cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitor; EC50 ~398.70 μg/mL) could not significantly affect the relaxation evoked by HEPB. However, in the presence of atropine (a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist), there was a slight reduction in its vasorelaxant effect (EC50 ~476.40 μg/mL). The addition of tetraethylammonium (a blocker of Ca2+-activated K+ channels; EC50 ~611.60 μg/mL) or 4-aminopyridine (a voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker; EC50 ~380.50 μg/mL) significantly reduced the relaxation effect of the extract without the interference of glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker; EC50 ~344.60 μg/mL) or barium chloride (an influx rectifying K+ channel blocker; EC50 ~360.80 μg/mL). The extract inhibited the contractile response against phenylephrine, CaCl2, KCl, or caffeine, similar to the results obtained with nifedipine (voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker). Together, the HEPB showed a vasorelaxant effect on the thoracic aorta of SHR, exclusively dependent on the endothelium with the participation of muscarinic receptors and K+ and Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer Cristóvão Moser
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Vilhena da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Philipe Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
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Rodrigues Albuquerque E, Ratti da Silva G, de Abreu Braga F, Pelegrini Silva E, Sposito Negrini K, Rodrigues Fracasso JA, Pires Guarnier L, Jacomassi E, Ribeiro-Paes JT, da Silva Gomes R, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Preclinical Potential of Pereskia grandifolia in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023; 2023:8840427. [PMID: 38026733 PMCID: PMC10653969 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8840427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex condition characterized by steatosis and metabolic disturbances. Risk factors such as diabetes, cigarette smoking, and dyslipidaemia contribute to its development and progression. Effective and safe therapies for MAFLD are urgently needed. Pereskia grandifolia has shown potential as an alternative treatment, but its effectiveness against liver disease remains unexplored. This research aims to determine the hepatoprotective properties of P. grandifolia using a model of MAFLD. The study was carried out through various phases to assess the safety and efficacy of the ethanol-soluble fraction of P. grandifolia. Initially, an in vitro assay was performed to assess cell viability. This was followed by an acute toxicity test conducted in rats to determine the safety profile of the extract. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory properties of P. grandifolia were examined in macrophages. For the MAFLD study, diabetic Wistar rats were made diabetic and exposed to a high fat diet and cigarette smoke, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the rats were orally given either the vehicle (negative control group; C-), P. grandifolia (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin in addition to simvastatin. A basal group of rats not exposed to these risk factors was also assessed. Blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, ALT, and AST levels. Liver was assessed for lipid and oxidative markers, and liver histopathology was examined. P. grandifolia showed no signs of toxicity. It demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting phagocytosis and macrophage spreading. The MAFLD model induced liver abnormalities, including increased AST, ALT, disrupted lipid profile, oxidative stress, and significant hepatic damage. However, P. grandifolia effectively reversed these changes, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings emphasize the significance of P. grandifolia in mitigating hepatic consequences associated with various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Abreu Braga
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ester Pelegrini Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Karina Sposito Negrini
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Department of Genetic, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto da Silva Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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10
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Munir S, Hafeez R, Younis W, Malik MNH, Munir MU, Manzoor W, Razzaq MA, Pessoa LB, Lopes KS, Lívero FADR, Gasparotto Junior A. The Protective Effect of Citronellol against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2820. [PMID: 37893193 PMCID: PMC10604204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citronellol has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antihypertensive activities, but its effect on myocardial ischemia is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of citronellol on ischemia. Therefore, a rat model of myocardial ischemia was established using the doxorubicin (DOX) model. To induce cardiotoxicity, the rats were given DOX (2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally over a 14-day period. Group I served as the control and received tween 80 (0.2%), group II received the vehicle and DOX, group III received the standard drug dexrazoxane and DOX, whereas groups IV, V, and VI were treated orally with citronellol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and DOX, respectively. After treatment, the rats were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess the levels of serum cardiac markers, lipid profiles, and tissue antioxidant enzymes. The gene expressions of eNOS, PPAR-g, IL-10, VEGF, and NFkB-1 were also determined using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Simultaneous treatment with DOX and citronellol reduced cardiac antioxidant enzymes and lipid biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. Citronellol also increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines while reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it can be concluded that citronellol may have potential cardioprotective effects in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Munir
- The Faculty of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Rizwan Hafeez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Waqas Younis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.N.H.M.); (W.M.); (M.A.R.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 Ist Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Muhammad Nasir Hayat Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.N.H.M.); (W.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Wajiha Manzoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.N.H.M.); (W.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Muryam Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.N.H.M.); (W.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Luciane Barbosa Pessoa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFac), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Katiana Simões Lopes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFac), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (K.S.L.)
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFac), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (K.S.L.)
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Paes de Almeida V, Tolouei SEL, Minteguiaga M, Chaves DSDA, Heiden G, Khan SI, Trott J, Wang M, Dellacassa E, Raman V, Farago PV, Khan IA, Gasparotto Junior A, Manfron J. Chemical Profiles and Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oils from Six Species of Baccharis Subgenus Coridifoliae (Asteraceae). Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300862. [PMID: 37647349 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Several Baccharis species are popularly known in traditional medicine as "carquejas", "vassouras", "ervas-santas" and "mio-mios", and are used as anti-inflammatories, digestives, and diuretics. This study aimed to investigate the chemical compositions and cytotoxic activities of essential oils (EOs) of six Baccharis species belonging to subgenus Coridifoliae, namely B. albilanosa, B. coridifolia, B. erigeroides, B. napaea, B. ochracea, and B. pluricapitulata. GC/MS analyses of the EOs showed that the oxygenated sesquiterpenes spathulenol (7.32-38.22 %) and caryophyllene oxide (10.83-16.75 %) were the major components for all the species. The EOs of almost all species were cytotoxic against cancer (BT-549, KB, SK-MEL and SK-OV-3) and normal kidney (VERO and LLC-PK1) cell lines, whereas B. erigeroides EO showed cytotoxicity only against LLC-PK1. This article augments the current knowledge about the chemical-biological properties of Baccharis subgenus Coridifoliae and discusses the therapeutic potentials of these economically unexploited plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Paes de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sara Emília Lima Tolouei
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Manuel Minteguiaga
- Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Aromas, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gustavo Heiden
- Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shabana Iqrar Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - John Trott
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eduardo Dellacassa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Aromas, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paulo Vitor Farago
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmed Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jane Manfron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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12
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Pinc MM, Dalmagro M, da Cruz Alves Pereira E, Donadel G, Thomaz RT, da Silva C, Macruz PD, Jacomassi E, Gasparotto Junior A, Hoscheid J, Lourenço ELB, Alberton O. Extraction Methods, Chemical Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Activities of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel Peels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1173. [PMID: 37631088 PMCID: PMC10459866 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, possesses bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize the P. cauliflora fruit peel extraction method, maximize phenolic constituents, and evaluate their antioxidative and antimicrobial effects. Various extraction methods, including vortex extraction with and without precipitation at 25, 40, and 80 °C, and infusion extraction with and without precipitation, were performed using a completely randomized design. Extraction without precipitation (E - P) showed the highest yield (57.9%). However, the precipitated extraction (E + P) method displayed a yield of 45.9%, higher levels of phenolic derivatives, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Major compounds, such as D-psicose, D-glucose, and citric acid, were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified citric acid, hexose, flavonoids, tannins, and quercetin as the major compounds in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, the E + P method efficiently obtained extracts with high content of bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities with potential application as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moraes Pinc
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Mariana Dalmagro
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Elton da Cruz Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Renan Tedeski Thomaz
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Camila da Silva
- Department of Technology, State University of Maringá, Umuarama 87506-370, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Odair Alberton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
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13
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Dalmagro M, Pinc MM, Donadel G, Tominc GC, Jacomassi E, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto Junior A, Boscarato AG, Belettini ST, Alberton O, Prochnau IS, Bariccatti RA, de Almeida RM, Rossi de Aguiar KMF, Hoscheid J. Bioprospecting a Film-Forming System Loaded with Eugenia uniflora L. and Tropaeolum majus L. Leaf Extracts for Topical Application in Treating Skin Lesions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1068. [PMID: 37630984 PMCID: PMC10459946 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products can be used as complements or as alternatives to synthetic drugs. Eugenia uniflora and Tropaeolum majus are natives of Brazil and have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to develop a film-forming system (FFS) loaded with plant extracts with the potential for treating microbial infections. E. uniflora and T. majus leaf extracts were prepared and characterized, and the individual and combined antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The FFS was developed with different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. The combination of extracts showed a superior antioxidant effect compared to the individual extracts, justifying the use of the blend. FFS prepared with 4.5% PVA, 4.5% PVP, 7.81% E. uniflora extract, and 3.90% T. majus extract was adhesive, lacked scale formation, presented good malleability, and had a suitable pH for topical application. In addition, the viscosity at rest was satisfactory for maintaining stability; water solubility was adequate; skin permeation was low; and the antimicrobial effect was superior to that of the individual extracts. Therefore, the developed FFS is promising for the differentiated treatment of skin lesions through topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dalmagro
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Mariana Moraes Pinc
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Getulio Capello Tominc
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil;
| | - André Giarola Boscarato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Salviano Tramontin Belettini
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Odair Alberton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
| | - Inara Staub Prochnau
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Toledo 85902-532, Brazil;
| | | | - Rafael Menck de Almeida
- Synthetica Research and Technical Analysis Ltda., Capela do Alto, São Paulo 18195-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.M.P.); (G.D.); (G.C.T.); (E.J.); (E.L.B.L.); (A.G.B.); (S.T.B.); (O.A.)
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14
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Razzaq MA, Younis W, Malik MNH, Alsahli TG, Jahan S, Ehsan R, Gasparotto Junior A, Bashir A. Pulegone Prevents Hypertension through Activation of Muscarinic Receptors and Cyclooxygenase Pathway in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:8166840. [PMID: 37214130 PMCID: PMC10195173 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8166840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to determine pulegone's antihypertensive and vasoprotective activity in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Firstly, the hypotensive dose-response relationship of pulegone was evaluated in normotensive anesthetized rats using the invasive method. Secondly, the mechanism involved in hypotensive activity was determined in the presence of pharmacological drugs such as atropine/muscarinic receptor blocker (1 mg/kg), L-NAME/NOS inhibitor (20 mg/kg), and indomethacin/COX inhibitor (5 mg/kg) in anesthetized rats. Furthermore, studies were carried out to assess the preventive effect of pulegone in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by administering L-NAME (40 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Rats were divided into six groups which were treated orally with tween 80 (placebo), captopril (10 mg/kg), and different doses of pulegone (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg). Blood pressure, urine volume, sodium, and body weight were monitored weekly. After 28 days, the effect of pulegone on lipid profile, hepatic markers, antioxidant enzymes, and nitric oxide was estimated from the serum of treated rats. Moreover, plasma mRNA expression of eNOS, ACE, ICAM1, and EDN1 was measured using real-time PCR. Results show that pulegone dose-dependently decreased blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive rats, with the highest effect at 30 mg/kg/i.v. The hypotensive effect of pulegone was reduced in the presence of atropine and indomethacin, whereas L-NAME did not change its hypotensive effect. Concurrent treatment with pulegone for four weeks in L-NAME-treated rats caused a reduction in both systolic blood pressure and heart rate, reversed the reduced levels of serum nitric oxide (NO), and ameliorated lipid profile and oxidative stress markers. Treatment with pulegone also improved the vascular response to acetylcholine. Plasma mRNA expression of eNOS was reduced, whereas ACE, ICAM1, and EDN1 levels were high in the L-NAME group, which was facilitated by pulegone treatment. To conclude, pulegone prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension by demonstrating a hypotensive effect through muscarinic receptors and cyclooxygenase pathway, indicating its use as a potential candidate in managing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muryam Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Younis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | - Tariq G. Alsahli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Roma Ehsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Asifa Bashir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Boeing T, Reis Lívero FAD, de Souza P, de Almeida DAT, Donadel G, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto Junior A. Natural Products as Modulators of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases: Advances and Opportunities. J Med Food 2023; 26:279-298. [PMID: 37186894 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria have an important role in modulating cell cycle progression, cell survival, and apoptosis. In the adult heart, the cardiac mitochondria have a unique spatial arrangement and occupy nearly one-third the volume of a cardiomyocyte, being highly efficient for converting the products of glucose or fatty acid metabolism into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In cardiomyocytes, the decline of mitochondrial function reduces ATP generation and increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which generates impaired heart function. This is because mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cytosolic calcium concentration and modulation of muscle contraction, as ATP is required to dissociate actin from myosin. Beyond that, mitochondria have a significant role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis because it is evident that patients who have cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased mitochondrial DNA damage to the heart and aorta. Many studies have shown that natural products have mitochondria-modulating effects in cardiac diseases, determining them as potential candidates for new medicines. This review outlines the leading plant secondary metabolites and natural compounds derived from microorganisms as modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Santos AFD, Souza MMQ, Amaral EC, Albuquerque ER, Bortoloti DS, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB, Lovato ECW, Lívero FADR. Bacopa monnieri in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. J Med Food 2023; 26:114-119. [PMID: 36800346 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. could be of interest in the control of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but clinical evidence of its efficacy is lacking. This clinical trial assessed the effects of an extract of B. monnieri on parameters that are related to Parkinson's diseases. Twenty volunteers with Parkinson's disease were recruited for a primary, interventional, controlled, parallel, double-blind clinical study. The volunteers were assigned to treatment with either a commercial B. monnieri extract (225 or 450 mg/day) or placebo. The Parkinson's Disease Quality-of-Life (PDQL) questionnaire was applied, and motor activity was assessed before treatment and 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment with the B. monnieri extract or placebo. Characteristics such as age, body weight, and height were also collected. No differences in parkinsonian and systemic symptoms, emotional function, or social function were observed between. The delta percent (Δ%) showed time-dependent improvements in emotional function with B. monnieri treatment at the daily dose of 450 mg. A strong correlation was found between quality of life and motor outcomes at baseline and 30 days of treatment with B. monnieri, and a moderate correlation for 60 and 90 days of treatment with B. monnieri when compared with baseline time. A moderate correlation was found between motor outcomes and Hoehn and Yahr stages at baseline. Our results suggest that B. monnieri extract can improve emotional function in Parkinson's disease patients, but further clinical trials are needed to confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fuentes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Marília Moraes Queiroz Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Carolina Amaral
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilson Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Post-Graduate in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR, Acco A. Editorial: Biologically active products as therapeutic options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1041020. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Terço Leite PR, Lorençone BR, Moreno KGT, Lopes KS, Marques AAM, Fortini CS, Palozi RAC, Dalmagro M, Kassuya CAL, Dos Santos AC, Salvador MJ, Gasparotto Junior A. The NO-cGMP-K+ Channel Pathway Participates in Diuretic and Cardioprotective Effects of Blutaparon portulacoides in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Planta Med 2022; 88:1152-1162. [PMID: 35299274 DOI: 10.1055/a-1690-3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blutaparon portulacoides is a Brazilian plant species that is widely used in folk medicine. The present study investigated the role of an aqueous extract of B. portulacoides against hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was obtained from the whole plant. Its chemical profile was analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was evaluated in female Wistar rats. Male 6-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats then received the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 28 days. On days 1, 14, and 28, the diuretic effects of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides were evaluated. The role of prostaglandins and the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway in the diuretic activity of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was also investigated. At the end of the treatment, hepatic and renal biochemical markers, serum nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, nitrite, and aldosterone levels, and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity were measured. The electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, and renal vascular reactivity were also assessed. The heart, kidneys, and liver were collected to determine relative organ weight, histopathology, and cardiac morphometry. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and several flavonoids were identified in the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides. No signs of toxicity were observed. Prolonged treatment with the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides (300 mg/kg) induced significant diuretic activity by activating the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway. These effects reduced blood pressure and oxidative stress and prevented renal vascular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy that was induced by hypertension. Overall, the present data suggest that the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides has important diuretic and cardioprotective effects by activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Regina Terço Leite
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Katiana Simões Lopes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Clara Soligo Fortini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Dalmagro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation and Cell Culture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Lopes KS, Marques AAM, Moreno KGT, Lorençone BR, Leite PRT, da Silva GP, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Gasparotto FM, Cassemiro NS, Lourenço ELB, Klider LM, Manfron J, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway mediate cardioprotective effects of Croton urucurana Baill. In hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 293:115255. [PMID: 35398499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as 'sangue de dragão' is a Brazilian species widely used in traditional medicine for cardiovascular ailments. AIM To investigate the cardiovascular effects of the C. urucurana extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves from C. urucurana were collected and morphoanatomically characterized. The ethanol-soluble fraction (ESCU) was obtained and analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. Using female Wistar rats we investigated the acute toxicity of ESCU. Then, SHRs (six months old) received vehicle, hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or ESCU (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the beginning and at the end of treatments, urine samples were obtained to assess renal function. At the end of the trial period, the blood pressure, mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs) reactivity, and electrocardiographic profile were evaluated. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, as well as urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, nitrite, malondialdehyde, nitrotyrosine, and aldosterone levels were determined. Relative organ weights and histopathological analysis were performed. Finally, the cardiac function on a Langendorff system, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effects of ESCU in MVBs were also investigated. RESULTS The compounds annotated from ESCU by LC-DAD-MS included mainly phenylpropanoid derivatives, alkaloids, O-glycosylated megastigmanes, glycosylated flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and others, such as quercetin O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside, magnoflorine, reticuline, and taspine. None of the animals showed any signs of toxicity. Male SHRs treated only with the vehicle showed important cardiovascular changes, including a reduction in renal function, increase in serum oxidative stress, and hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and morphological changes typical of hypertensive disease. Moreover, parameters of cardiac function, including left ventricular developed pressure, peak rate of contraction, peak rate of relaxation, and the rate pressure product were significantly altered, showing a significant impairment of ventricular function. All ESCU-doses presented a significant cardioprotective effect in SHRs rats. The 28-day treatment normalized the hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, morphological, and renal impairments, as well as reversed the changes in ventricular function induced by hypertension. In MVBs with an intact endothelium, ESCU (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg) dose-dependently induced vasodilation. Endothelium removal or the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase prevented the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. Perfusion with a physiological saline solution that contained KCl, tetraethylammonium, or apamin also abolished the vasodilatory effect of ESCU. CONCLUSION Prolonged ESCU-treatment showed significant cardioprotective effects in SHRs. Moreover, the data showed the role of nitric oxide and calcium-activated small conductance potassium channels in the cardiovascular effects of ESCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiana Simões Lopes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Regina Terço Leite
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francielly Mourão Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Lislaine Maria Klider
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Jane Manfron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Moreno KGT, Marques AAM, da Silva GP, Lourençone BR, Fortini CS, Leite PRT, dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, da Siva LI, Gasparotto Junior A. A New Approach for the Development of Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Two Rat Models of Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070853. [PMID: 35890152 PMCID: PMC9318210 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. There is a lack of valid animal models that mimic associations among multiple cardiovascular risk factors in humans. The present study developed an animal model that uses multiple cardiovascular risk factors—namely, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and a high-fat diet (HFD). Two models of hypertension were used: renovascular hypertension (two-kidney, one clip [2K1C]) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The naive group was composed of normotensive rats. Twelve weeks after surgery to induce renovascular hypertension, rats in the 2K1C and SHR groups underwent thyroidectomy. The HFD was then implemented for 6 weeks. Renal function, serum redox status, biochemical CVD markers, electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, mesenteric vascular bed reactivity, histopathology, and morphometry were investigated. Both experimental models induced dyslipidemia, renal function impairment, and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by higher levels of different inflammatory markers and serum oxidative stress. These alterations contributed to end-organ damage in all hypertensive rats. Our findings corroborate a viable alternative model that involves multiple cardiovascular risk factors and resembles conditions that are seen in humans. Both models mimicked CVD, but our data show that SHRs exhibit more significant pathophysiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
| | - Gabriela Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lourençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
| | - Clara Soligo Fortini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
| | - Patrícia Regina Terço Leite
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
| | - Ariany Carvalho dos Santos
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.); (R.I.C.S.)
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (A.C.d.S.); (R.I.C.S.)
| | - Leila Isabel da Siva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil;
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (K.G.T.M.); (A.A.M.M.); (G.P.d.S.); (B.R.L.); (C.S.F.); (P.R.T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(67)-3410-2333; Fax: +55-(67)-3410-2321
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Boeing T, de Souza P, da Silva LM, Gasparotto Junior A. Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Dyspepsia: An Overview. Planta Med 2022; 88:664-677. [PMID: 34474492 DOI: 10.1055/a-1580-7782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the efficacy of herbal medicines for managing dyspepsia in humans and animals. Searches were conducted on the PubMed, Science Direct, and Medline databases, for publications in the last 3 years. In each database, the search terms used consisted of the 2 key terms describing the disorder and subtypes plus each of the terms relating to the therapy. The key terms used were "natural product" and "medicinal plant" in a cross-over with "dyspepsia" and "functional dyspepsia" (i.e., gastroprotection, Helicobacter pylori infection, prokinetic). We included all human and animal studies on the effects of herbal medicines reporting the key outcome of dyspepsia symptoms. Preclinical studies using critically validated models showed that most medicinal plants with gastroprotective action had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antisecretory effects. Moreover, several species displayed anti Helicobacter pylori and prokinetic efficacy. The data availability of controlled clinical studies is currently minimal. The use of different methodologies and the minimal number of patients raise doubts about the effects of these preparations. Only adequate clinical trials with scientifically validated methods can determine whether different herbal medicines can be used as viable alternatives to the conventional pharmacological treatments used to control dyspepsia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFac), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Auth PA, da Silva GR, Amaral EC, Bortoli VF, Manzano MI, de Souza LM, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Croton urucurana Baill. Ameliorates Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886122. [PMID: 35668935 PMCID: PMC9164250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects a quarter of the worldwide population, but no drug therapies have yet been developed. Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal species, that is, widely distributed in Brazil. It is used in popular medicine to treat gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine system diseases. However, its hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects have not yet been scientifically investigated. Aim of the study: The present study investigated the effects of an extract of C. urucurana in a rat model of MAFLD that was associated with multiple risk factors, including hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia. Material and Methods: The phytochemical composition of C. urucurana was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spontaneously hypertensive rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day for 10 weeks). During the last 5 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control [C-] group), C. urucurana extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin + enalapril (two standard reference drugs that are commonly used to treat dyslipidemia and hypertension, respectively). One group of rats that were not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated (basal group). Blood was collected for the analysis of cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was also processed for antioxidant and histopathological analysis. Results: The main constituents of the C. urucurana extract were flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. The model successfully induced MAFLD, reflected by increases in AST and ALT levels, and induced oxidative stress in the C- group. Treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg) and simvastatin + enalapril decreased plasma and hepatic lipid levels. In contrast to simvastatin + enalapril treatment, C. urucurana reduced AST and ALT levels. Massive lesions were observed in the liver in the C- group, which were reversed by treatment with the C. urucurana extract (300 mg/kg). Conclusion:C. urucurana extract exerted promising hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects in a preclinical rat model of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Carolina Amaral
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Victor Fajardo Bortoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Post-Graduate in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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Souto CGRG, Lorençone BR, Marques AAM, Palozi RAC, Romão PVM, Guarnier LP, Tirloni CAS, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Zago PMJJ, Lívero FADR, Lourenço ELB, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective effects of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114568. [PMID: 34461188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Talinaceae) is a medicinal species that is widely distributed throughout Brazil. Popularly known as "major-gomes," the species is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of T. paniculatum (EETP) in rats with renovascular hypertension and heart failure and determine its chemical composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, EETP was obtained, and its chemical profile was analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. The acute toxicity was evaluated in female Wistar rats. The model of renovascular hypertension was established in male Wistar rats by combining the Goldblatt 2K1C method and intraperitoneal doxorubicin administration for 6 weeks. The animals were then treated daily with EETP (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) or metoprolol (25 mg/kg) by gavage for 28 days. The negative control group was treated with vehicle (filtered water). The sham group consisted of animals that were not subjected to 2K1C or cardiotoxicity and were treated with vehicle. Renal function was evaluated on days 1, 14, and 28. At the end of treatment, the electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, and mesenteric vascular reactivity were investigated. Serum urea, creatinine, angiotensin converting enzyme, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, nitrite, aldosterone, and sodium and potassium levels were measured. The heart, aorta artery, liver, and right kidney were collected, weighed, and processed for histopathological analysis. Cardiac chambers also underwent morphometric analysis. RESULTS No signs of toxicity were observed in female Wistar rats. Thirty-two compounds were annotated from EETP, including flavonoids, chlorogenic acids, and saponins. EETP treatment resulted in a significant cardiorenal-protective response, normalizing electrocardiographic and hemodynamic alterations, and preventing ventricle remodeling. These effects were associated with serum antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that EETP may exert cardioprotective effects through serum antioxidant activity and ACE inhibition, preventing alterations of hemodynamic and endothelial function, and reducing damage to cardiac structure. Thus, EETP, especially at the 100 and 300 mg/kg doses, may be useful for preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Zanovello M, Bolda Mariano LN, Cechinel-Zanchett CC, Boeing T, Tazinaffo GC, Mota da Silva L, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A, de Souza P. Tagetes erecta L. flowers, a medicinal plant traditionally used to promote diuresis, induced diuretic and natriuretic effects in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:114393. [PMID: 34229058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tagetes erecta L., known as marigold, belongs to the Asteraceae family and is mainly found in South America. Despite reports that T. erecta flowers are used in folk medicine to treat cardiovascular and renal diseases, there is no study regarding its diuretic effect. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and the diuretic efficacy of the hydroethanolic extract from T. erecta (HETE) in normotensive (NTR) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The HETE was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS). Female and male NTR and SHR received the treatment with vehicle, HETE (0.01 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg) or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 5 mg/kg) orally. The urinary parameters were measured at the end of the 8-h experiment. RESULTS From HETE, saccharides and triterpenes were the main annotated compounds, such as erythrodiol and β-amyrin. The urine volume was significantly increased in the groups treated with HETE, in both male and female NTR and SHR rats, compared to the respective vehicle-treated groups. Regarding electrolytes elimination, the treatment with HETE did not reveal significant changes in the urine levels of K+ or Cl-, but it showed a natriuretic and Ca2+-sparing effects. The HETE beneficial result in reducing Ca2+ excretion was confirmed through the protective effect found in front of the urinary calcium oxalate precipitation and crystallization. The combination with HCTZ, a classic diuretic and saluretic medicine, significantly enhanced HETE-induced diuresis, natriuresis, and the Ca2+-sparing effect. On the other hand, the K+-sparing action was improved in the combination of HETE with amiloride, a standard K+-sparing diuretic. In contrast, the combination of HETE with atropine (a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist) and indomethacin (an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase enzyme), promoted an important reduction in urinary volume, but interestingly the natriuretic effect was maintained. CONCLUSION This study contributed to the preclinical validation of the diuretic efficacy of T. erecta, highlighting this species as promising for the development of new pharmacological strategies for the management of kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zanovello
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cembranelli Tazinaffo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil.
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de Souza P, Mariano LNB, da Silva RDCMVAF, Gasparotto F, Lourenço ELB, Donadel G, Boeing T, Gasparotto Junior A. Therapeutic Feasibility of the Natural Products in the Heart Complaints: An Overview. J Med Food 2021; 24:1245-1254. [PMID: 34665024 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart pain is the most frequent complaint leading patients to seek medical help. Functional heart symptoms, especially chest pain, are prevalent and, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), are described as "somatoform autonomous functional disorders of the cardiovascular system." The problem lies in the fact that pain does not always have a somatic background, that is, it may be related to crucial underlying heart disease. The population does not know how to differentiate somatic pain from significant ischemic symptoms, and based on the patient's complaints, traditional medicine ends up treating other underlying cardiac diseases. Many unsuccessful unconventional therapies have been proposed in recent years, including herbal medicines that seek to disrupt the disease's pathogenesis. The present review summarizes research carried out in the last 5 years on natural products' heart complaints, including myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Several herbal medicines may be used as a replacement or complementary treatment strategy. A total of 17 medicinal plants have shown promising results in preclinical studies. However, human clinical trials are scarce; only two have been presented. Generally, the data are bland, and many issues have been raised about herbal therapies' safety, efficacy, and mode of action. Besides, relevant clinical trials, future perspectives, and possible clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia M V A F da Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Francielli Gasparotto
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology, and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Nucleus (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Paulin FV, Palozi RAC, Lorençone BR, Macedo AL, Guarnier LP, Tirloni CAS, Romão PVM, Gasparotto Junior A, Silva DB. Prolonged Administration of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. Prevents Impairment of Redox Status, Renal Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Damage in 2K1C-Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting ACE Activity and NO-GMPC Pathway Activation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1579. [PMID: 34683872 PMCID: PMC8537958 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rudgea viburnoides is widely found in the Brazilian Cerrado, and commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effects of prolonged administration of the aqueous extract from R. viburnoides leaves (AERV) on impaired redox status, renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular damage in 2K1C hypertensive rats, as well as its chemical composition by LC-DAD-MS. Renal hypertension (two kidney, one-clip model) was surgically induced in male Wistar rats and AERV (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally five weeks after surgery for 28 days. Renal function was assessed and urinary electrolytes, pH, and density were measured. Electrocardiography, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Cardiac and mesenteric vascular beds were isolated for cardiac morphometry and evaluation of vascular reactivity, and aortic rings were also isolated for measurement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels, and the redox status was assessed. Prolonged treatment with AERV preserved urine excretion and electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-), reversed electrocardiographic changes, left ventricular hypertrophy and changes in vascular reactivity induced by hypertension, and reduced blood pressure and heart rate. This effect was associated with a positive modulation of tissue redox state, activation of the NO/cGMP pathway, and inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Glycosylated iridoids, chlorogenic acids, glycosylated triterpenes, O-glycosylated flavonols, and triterpenoid saponins were annotated. AERV showed no acute toxicity in female Wistar rats. Therefore, AERV treatment reduced the progression of cardiorenal disease in 2K1C hypertensive rats, which can be involved with an important attenuation of oxidative stress, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and activation of the NO/cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viana Paulin
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.V.P.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Arthur Ladeira Macedo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.V.P.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular (LaFaC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil; (R.A.C.P.); (B.R.L.); (L.P.G.); (C.A.S.T.); (P.V.M.R.); (A.G.J.)
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.V.P.); (A.L.M.)
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Marques AAM, Lorençone BR, Romão PVM, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Moreno KGT, Tirloni CAS, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Klider LM, Lourenço ELB, Tolouei SEL, Budel JM, Khan SI, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnopharmacological investigation of the cardiovascular effects of the ethanol-soluble fraction of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 274:114077. [PMID: 33789140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloysia polystachya (Griseb) Moldenke (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "burrito", is a South American species widely prescribed by local Brazilian healers for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects are still unknown. AIM To evaluate the role of the ethanol-soluble fraction of A. polystachya leaves (ESAP) against hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), as well as its safety, morphoanatomical and phytochemical aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the leaves and stems of A. polystachya were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide anatomical data for quality control. Then, ESAP was obtained and its chemical profile was analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. In addition, the cytotoxic and acute toxicity potential of ESAP were evaluated in six cell lines and in female Wistar rats, respectively. Next, female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received ESAP (30, 100, 300 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 28 days. Weekly kidney function was monitored by analyzing urinary parameters. At the end of the 28-day treatment, the electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, and renal and mesenteric vascular reactivity were evaluated. Relative organ (heart, kidney, and liver) weights and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Finally, the heart, kidneys, and aorta were collected for determination of the tissue redox state, cardiac morphometry, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of ESAP was composed by organic acids, a nucleoside, methoxylated flavones and glycosylated compounds including phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, iridoids and monoterpenes. No signs of toxicity were observed in all cell's lines nor in female Wistar rats submitted to this trial. All SHRs from the negative control group presented a reduction in renal function, alterations in the renal and mesenteric vascular reactivity, and electrocardiographic and morphometric changes typical of ventricular hypertrophy. Oral prolonged ESAP-administration in SHRs was able to reverse renal, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes induced by hypertension. Moreover, ESAP-treatment was able to modulate the vascular and renal arterial reactivity and tissue redox state. The aforementioned data were accompanied by reduction of cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION In this study, we present important anatomical and phytochemical data that contributed to the correct identification and quality control of A. polystachya. In addition, we have shown that ESAP is safe after acute administration and present significant cardioprotective effects (at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses) in SHRs after prolonged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lislaine Maria Klider
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Emilia Lima Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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28
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Mendes TC, Silva GRDA, Silva AO, Schaedler MI, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Signor CT, Bosco JDD, Auth PA, Amaral EC, Froelich DL, Soares AA, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Hepato- and cardioprotective effects of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. against multiple risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200899. [PMID: 34161513 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide and have several risk factors, including dyslipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Studies have evaluated isolated risk factors in experimental models of cardiovascular disease, but few preclinical studies have assessed associations between multiple risk factors. In the present study, hypertensive Wistar rats (Goldblatt 2K1C model) received a 0.5% cholesterol diet and were exposed to tobacco smoke for 8 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle, an ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin + enalapril. A group of normotensive, non-dyslipidemic, and non-smoking rats was treated with vehicle. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and hepatic and fecal lipids, blood pressure, and mesenteric arterial bed reactivity were evaluated. Cardiac, hepatic, and renal histopathology and tecidual redox state were also investigated. Untreated animals exhibited significant changes in blood pressure, lipid profile, and biomarkers of heart, liver, and kidney damage. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes, with effects that were similar to simvastatin + enalapril. These findings suggest that B. trimera may be promising for the treatment of cardiovascular and hepatic disorders, especially disorders that are associated with multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane C Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Aniely O Silva
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maysa I Schaedler
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Guarnier
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany A C Palozi
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide T Signor
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Janaína D Dal Bosco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Auth
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduarda C Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Diego L Froelich
- Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, Laboratório de Prevenção e Diagnóstico, Avenida das Torres, 500, 85806-095 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia A Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn C W Lovato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Neurociências, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - João T Ribeiro-Paes
- Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genética e Terapia Celular, Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12, Caixa Postal 533, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine A Dos Reis Lívero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos na Atenção Básica, Universidade Paranaense, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Caixa Postal 224, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Junior AG, Tolouei SEL, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Gasparotto F, Boeing T, de Souza P. Natural Agents Modulating ACE-2: A Review of Compounds with Potential against SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1588-1596. [PMID: 33459225 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210114150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges of public health worldwide is reducing the number of events and deaths related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, has been identified as a potent receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In the last decades, ACE inhibition has assumed a central role in reducing cardiovascular and renal events. However, with the advent of COVID-19, attention has been turned to ACE-2 as a possible target to reduce virus binding to different human cells. This review aims to discuss recent developments related to the medicinal properties of natural compounds as ACE/ACE-2 inhibitors, which should be highlighted in the future development of studies looking for modulators in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data show that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act by inhibiting ACE/ACE-2, which changes the entire axis of this system. Of the compounds addressed in this review, 7 phenolic compounds, including quercetin, curcumin, naringenin, luteolin, hesperidin, mangiferin, and gallic acid showed binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico, and 1, esculetin, decreased ACE-2 expression in vivo. Regarding terpenoids and alkaloids, nimbin, withaferin A, andrographolide, zingiberene and, berberine, piperine and thebaine, respectively, showed a binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico. These findings reinforce the need for future preclinical and clinical studies on these compounds and specific inhibitory effects on ACE-2 of all the other compounds described herein only as nonspecific ACE inhibitors. It is important to mention that some natural compounds such as magnolol, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone IIA, and nicotine have also demonstrated the potential to increase the activity or expression of ACE-2, and could therefore aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Sara Emília Lima Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francielli Gasparotto
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vale do Itajai, Itajai, SC, Brazil
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Younis W, Schini-Kerth VB, Junior AG, Nocchi SR, Silva DB, Roberts RE. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. via inhibition of myosin light chain kinase activity in the porcine coronary artery. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113693. [PMID: 33326818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (Asphodelaceae), a wild, terrestrial, annual stemless herb, is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and circulatory problems. A previous research study from our laboratory revealed that A. tenuifolius has beneficial effects in reducing blood pressure and improves aortic endothelial dysfunction in chronically glucose fed rats. Despite the fact that A. tenuifolius reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function in vivo, there are no detailed studies about its possible mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to provide pharmacological basis and mechanism of action for the traditional use of A. tenuifolius in hypertension and circulatory problems. We explored the vasorelaxant effect of A. tenuifolius and its underlying vasorelaxation mechanism in porcine coronary artery rings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous methanolic crude extract of A. tenuifolius was prepared by maceration process and then activity guided fractionation was carried out by using different polarity based solvents. Phytochemical studies were carried out using LC-DAD-MS. Segments of porcine distal coronary artery were set up in a wire myograph for isometric force measurements. Extract/fractions of A. tenuifolius seeds were tested for vasodilator activity by measurement of changes in tone after pre-contraction with the thromboxane mimetic U46619 in the presence or absence of inhibitors of intracellular signaling cascades. RESULTS Crude extract/fractions of A. tenuifolius produced dose dependent endothelium independent vasorelaxant response in coronary rings, whereas, the butanol fraction of A. tenuifolius (BS-AT) produced the largest relaxation response with 100% relaxation at 1 mg/ml, therefore the mechanism of relaxation of this fraction was determined. The relaxation to BS-AT was unaffected by removal of the endothelium, pre-contraction with KCl, or the presence of the non-selective potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium, indicating that the relaxation was endothelium-independent, and does not involve activation of potassium channels. BS-AT (1 mg/ml) inhibited the contractile response to calcium,the L-type calcium channel activator BAY K8664,and ionomycin, indicating that it inhibits calcium-induced contractions. The relaxation response to BS-AT was attenuated in the absence of extracellular calcium. However, relaxations to BS-AT were also reduced after deletion of calcium from intracellular stores with cyclopiazonic acid. Incubation with 1 mg/ml BS-AT also inhibited phosphorylation of myosin light chains in homogenates of coronary artery. CONCLUSION The butanol extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius produces a large endothelium-independent relaxation of the porcine coronary artery through inhibition of calcium-induced contractions. The effect appears to be downstream of calcium influx, possibly through inhibition of myosin light chain kinase. This study supports previous studies demonstrating that A. tenuifolius reduces blood pressure. Future studies will aim to determine the active compounds underlying this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Younis
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan; Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - V B Schini-Kerth
- UMR 1260 INSERM Nanomédecine Régénérative Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Samara Requena Nocchi
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Richard E Roberts
- Pharmacology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Job PMJ, Dos Reis Lívero FA, Junior AG. Epigenetic control of hypertension by DNA methylation: A real possibility? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3722-3728. [PMID: 33749553 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210322141703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic disease that particularly affects the elderly and can trigger several cardiovascular conditions. Although the treatment of hypertension has evolved in recent decades, many hypertensive patients still do not have properly controlled blood pressure. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating gene expression, altering the phenotype and function of the cardiovascular system. The present review highlights recent advances in research on DNA methylation in the development of hypertension. Several preclinical and clinical evidence show that methylation of different targets appears to be involved in hypertension. Studies of the involvement of DNA methylation have greatly improved our understanding of hypertension, but its use as a valid therapeutic target is still unknown. Further studies could help to bring to light the truth about gene therapy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Megda João Job
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná. Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná. Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS. Brazil
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Kassuya RM, Dos Santos E, Bosso FH, Pedroso TF, Marinho JVN, Salvador MJ, Kassuya CAL, Gasparotto Junior A. Anti-inflammatory Properties of Ethanolic Extract and 2″-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-vitexin Obtained from Alternanthera tenella Colla Whole Plant. Inflammation 2021; 44:1540-1552. [PMID: 33646486 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Six flavonoids were identified and isolated from the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) whole plant (EEAT) including 2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin (A19). Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory activity; however, the 2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin anti-inflammatory property was not totally explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract from A. tenella whole plant and isolated flavone C-glycoside A19 in models of inflammation. The oral administration (p.o.) of EEAT (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), A19 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg), and prednisolone (3 mg/kg) were tested against the carrageenan-induced paw edema in Swiss mice. The EEAT (100 mg/kg, p.o.), A19 (1 mg/kg, p.o.), and prednisolone (3 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested in the zymosan-articular inflammation, carrageenan-pleurisy, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) models in Swiss mice. In silico analysis and search for structural relationships between vitexin derivatives flavones present in the EEAT and TNF-α inhibitors were performed. EEAT, A19, and prednisolone significantly inhibited (i) edema, mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation; (ii) leukocyte migration and protein extravasation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy; (iii) knee edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and leukocyte migration in articular inflammation induced by zymosan. Still the CFA induced the increase in myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities, EEAT, A19, and prednisolone significantly inhibited these enzymes. The in silico analysis showed that molecules with similar structure to apigenin and vitexin have a potential inhibition on the TNF system. This study confirms the anti-inflammatory properties of EEAT and A19. The C-glycosylated flavone A19 could be responsible for the EEAT anti-edematogenic and anti-hyperalgesic effects and a potential TNF-α inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mikio Kassuya
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Dos Santos
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Bosso
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB, PPG BV and PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taíse Fonseca Pedroso
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB, PPG BV and PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane Vasconcelos Neves Marinho
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB, PPG BV and PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB, PPG BV and PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moreno KGT, Gasparotto Junior A, Dos Santos AC, Palozi RAC, Guarnier LP, Marques AAM, Romão PVM, Lorençone BR, Cassemiro NS, Silva DB, Tirloni CAS, de Barros ME. Nephroprotective and antilithiatic activities of Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw.: Ethnopharmacological investigation of a species from the Dourados region, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 266:113409. [PMID: 32979411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw., also known as "cana-do-brejo," is a species that is widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of kidney diseases. However, no studies have evaluated its nephroprotective and antilithiatic effects. AIM To investigate nephroprotective and antilithiatic effects of C. spicatus in a preclinical model of acute kidney injury (AKI) and in vitro nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. spicatus leaves were collected directly from the natural environment in the Dourados region, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The ethanol-soluble fraction of C. spicatus (ESCS) was obtained by infusion. Phytochemical characterization was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometer (LC-DAD-MS). We assessed whether ESCS has acute or prolonged diuretic activity. The nephroprotective effects of ESCS were evaluated in a model of AKI that was induced by glycerol (10 ml/kg, intramuscularly) in Wistar rats. Different doses of ESCS (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally for 5 days before the induction of AKI. Urinary parameters were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Twenty-four hours after the last urine collection, blood samples were obtained for the biochemical analysis. Blood pressure levels, renal vascular reactivity, renal tissue redox status, and histopathological changes were measured. Antilithiatic effects were evaluated by in vitro crystallization. Calcium oxalate precipitation was induced by sodium oxalate in urine samples with ESCS at 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/ml. RESULTS From LC-DAD-MS analyses, flavonoids, saponins and other phenolic compounds were determined in the composition of ESCS. Significant reductions of the excretion of urinary total protein, creatinine, sodium, and potassium were observed in the AKI group, with significant histopathological damage (swelling, vacuolization, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration) in the proximal convoluted tubule. Treatment with ESCS exerted a significant nephroprotective effect by increasing the urinary excretion of total protein, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride. All of the groups that were treated with ESCS exhibited a reduction of histopathological lesions and significant modulation of the tissue redox state. We also observed a concentration-dependent effect of ESCS on the crystallization of urinary crystals, with reductions of the size and proportion of monohydrated crystals. CONCLUSION The data suggest that C. spicatus has nephroprotective and antilithiatic effects, suggesting possible effectiveness in its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratório de Urinálise, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Histopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular- LaFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Eduardo de Barros
- Laboratório de Urinálise, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Ribeiro RDCL, Botelho ELL, Donadel G, Ames ML, Nunes B, Tramontini S, Soares AA, Alberton O, Jacomassi E, Gasparotto Junior A. Genotoxicity Study of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke. J Med Food 2021; 24:762-765. [PMID: 33535021 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitex megapotamica (Spreng) Moldenke is commonly known as tarumã, it is an important medicinal and edible fruit plant. It is native to regions of tropical and subtropical climate in greater proportion than temperate zones and widely distributed in Central America, South America, Asia, and Africa. In Brazil, it is present in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Despite its widespread use, there are no minimum standards for quality control or information on genotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a detailed description of the short-term genotoxicity assays of V. megapotamica and to provide parameters of a preparation routinely used in traditional folk medicine. For genotoxicity assays, five groups were used with eight wistar rats in each group. For this, three doses of the V. megapotamica extract in doses (100, 300, and 900 mg/kg) or negative control (filtered water) were administered orally and positive control cyclophosphamide monohydrate (20 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich®) was applied by the intraperitoneal route after 24 h. At the end, whole blood was collected in a tube containing EDTA for the comet test and later the animals were euthanized. For the micronucleus test, femurs were removed, and bone marrow was collected. In the comet assay, V. megapotamica crude extract did not show significant DNA damage at all doses tested. The micronucleus assay showed no significant increase in the frequency of inducing micronuclei at any dose examined. It can be concluded that the safety parameters in genotoxicity studies reveal that V. megapotamica has no toxicity, which characterizes the important quality control of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Lorenço Botelho
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Ames
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nunes
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Salviano Tramontini
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Andreia Assunção Soares
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Odair Alberton
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduation Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Ribeiro RDCL, Donadel G, Ames ML, Nunes B, Dalmagro M, Belettini ST, Soares AA, Jacomassi E, Gasparotto Junior A, Alberton O, Lorenço ELB. Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1787-1795. [PMID: 33494633 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1878209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke is a plant with medicinal properties popularly used in Brazil to treat diabetes and obesity. Despite the promising use of this plant, are still incipient toxicology studies on prolonged periods of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study of V. megapotamica methanolic extract (VMME) in male and female Wistar rats. Different groups of rats (n = 8) were treated daily with three different doses of VMME (100, 300, and 900 mg/kg) or vehicle (filtered water). Body weight, water, and feed consumption, and clinical and behavioral changes were monitored daily. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analyzes. After euthanasia, the vital organs were removed for the determination of relative weight and for histopathological analysis. No clinical signs of toxicity or mortality were found during the experimental period. Treatment with VMME did not induce any change in body weight gain, eating patterns, and behavior. We found no statistically significant changes in the different hematological and biochemical parameters evaluated. The relative weight of the organs and histopathological analysis did not show any significant change when compared to animals treated with the vehicle. The data obtained in this study allow us to conclude that the VMME obtained from V. megapotamica is safe after a repeated-dose 90-day oral toxicity study in male and female Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Ames
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nunes
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Mariana Dalmagro
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Andreia Assunção Soares
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Odair Alberton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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Lovato ECW, Barboza LN, Wietzikoski S, de Souza ANV, Auth PA, Junior AG, Dos Reis Lívero FA. Repurposing Drugs for the Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:115-126. [PMID: 32634080 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, is a newly emerging zoonotic agent that emerged in China in December 2019. No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. Usual palliative treatment includes maintaining hydration and nutrition and controlling fever and cough. The clinical severity and extent of transmission need to be determined, and therapeutic options need to be developed and optimized. METHODS The present review discusses the recent repurposing of drugs for COVID-19 treatment. RESULTS Several compounds, including remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon-β, ribavirin, chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and ivermectin, have emerged as promising alternatives. They block the virus from entering host cells, prevent viral replication, and attenuate exacerbation of the host's immune response. CONCLUSION Although some evidence indicates the positive actions of different classes of compounds for the treatment of COVID-19, few clinical assays have been established to definitively demonstrate their therapeutic value in humans. Multicenter clinical studies are urgently needed to validate and standardize therapeutic regimens that involve these agents. Although science has not yet presented us with a specific drug against COVID-19, the repurposing of drugs appears to be promising in our fight against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Samantha Wietzikoski
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nascimento Vasques de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Gebara KS, Gasparotto Junior A, Palozi RAC, Morand C, Bonetti CI, Gozzi PT, de Mello MRF, Costa TA, Cardozo Junior EL. A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study on the Effect a Standardized Maté Extract ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) in Men Predisposed to Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010014. [PMID: 33374524 PMCID: PMC7822211 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Due to its richness in chlorogenic acids (CGAs), Maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) could be of interest in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, however clinical evidence are lacking. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of maté CGAs, consumed in a daily dose achievable through traditional maté beverages, on parameters related to cardiometabolic risk. (2) Design: Thirty-four male volunteers aged 45-65 years and with at most one criteria of metabolic syndrome, were recruited for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study. The volunteers were assigned to consume an encapsulated dry maté extract for four-weeks, providing 580 mg of caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives (CQAs) daily, or a placebo, with a two weeks washout between intervention periods. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, plasma glucose, lipids, endothelial, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in overnight-fasted subjects and after a glucose load. (3) Results: We found no significant effects of treatment on these parameters and the response to the glucose load was also similar between the two interventions. However, a significant decrease in fasting glucose was observed between day 0 and day 28 for the maté group only (-0.57 ± 0.11 mmol/L, p < 0.0002). In subjects with an intermediate to high Framingham risk score, consumption of maté extract induced a 10% increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-c from baseline. In a subgroup representative of the study population, significant decreases in the C-reactive protein (CRP) (-50%) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (-19%) levels were observed. (4) Conclusions: These clinical observations suggest that maté, naturally rich in CGAs, could improve some cardiometabolic markers in subjects with a higher predisposition to metabolic syndrome, even if that remains to be confirmed in new trials specifically targeting this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karimi S. Gebara
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Health Sciences College, Federal University of Grande Dourados, R. João Rosa Góes, 1761, Dourados CEP 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (K.S.G.); (A.G.J.); (R.A.C.P.)
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Health Sciences College, Federal University of Grande Dourados, R. João Rosa Góes, 1761, Dourados CEP 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (K.S.G.); (A.G.J.); (R.A.C.P.)
| | - Rhanany A. C. Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Health Sciences College, Federal University of Grande Dourados, R. João Rosa Góes, 1761, Dourados CEP 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (K.S.G.); (A.G.J.); (R.A.C.P.)
| | - Christine Morand
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Carla I. Bonetti
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil; (C.I.B.); (P.T.G.); (M.R.F.d.M.); (T.A.C.)
| | - Paula T. Gozzi
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil; (C.I.B.); (P.T.G.); (M.R.F.d.M.); (T.A.C.)
| | - Martha R. F. de Mello
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil; (C.I.B.); (P.T.G.); (M.R.F.d.M.); (T.A.C.)
| | - Telma A. Costa
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil; (C.I.B.); (P.T.G.); (M.R.F.d.M.); (T.A.C.)
| | - Euclides L. Cardozo Junior
- Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense, Av. Parigot de Souza, 3636 J. Prada, Toledo 85903-170, PR, Brazil; (C.I.B.); (P.T.G.); (M.R.F.d.M.); (T.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-45-3277-8500
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Tolouei SEL, Curi TZ, Klider LM, Junior AG. MicroRNA-30 and 145 as targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: therapeutic feasibility and challenges. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 27:3858-3870. [PMID: 33308116 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of non-communicable disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Although lifestyle changes as well as pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions are available in many countries, CVDs are still considered the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, considering that most CVDs are caused by genetic and environmental imbalances, micro-RNAs (miRNAs or miRs) appear as a plausible therapeutic option for CVDs as they are able to regulate a wide number of genes due to multiple target sites in different genes. Since miRNA-30 and -145 have been shown to play critical roles in the cardiovascular system, acting as important regulators of many functions and biological processes, this review focuses on summarizing recent findings on their involvement in CVDs, mainly as targets for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the biology, mechanisms of action and data on what has been discovered so far regarding miRNA-30 and 145 as therapeutic targets for CVDs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Emilia Lima Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR. Brazil
| | - Tatiana Zauer Curi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS. Brazil
| | - Lislaine Maria Klider
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR. Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR. Brazil
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Menetrier JV, Bonkoski VR, Medeiros KA, Estevan DA, Palozi RAC, Lívero FADR, Velasquez LG, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnomedicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases by Healers in the Southwestern State of Paraná, Brazil, and Their Validation Based on Scientific Pharmacological Data. J Relig Health 2020; 59:3004-3036. [PMID: 31832897 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Among treatment options, medicinal plants are frequently used, especially in developing countries, such as Brazil. Despite social development that has been observed in the last decades, the use of medicinal plants is still driven by popular knowledge, especially by healers. The present study sought to identify medicinal species that are used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by healers in the microregion of Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil. The snowball technique was used to select informants, and data were collected through interviews. The research was performed in two stages: (1) a structured interview and (2) the collection and botanical identification of the species that were mentioned by the healers. Medicinal plants were classified into the following categories of cardiovascular agents: hypotensive and antihypertensive agents, lipid-lowering agents, diuretic agents, and cardiotonic agents. To analyze the data, the frequency was determined, Spearman correlations were calculated, and the informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value were obtained. Some characteristics, such as female gender and old age, were associated with knowledge about medicinal plants. Overall, 77 different species and 149 medicinal uses were cited by the healers. With regard to categories of use, the highest number of species was found among lipid-lowering plants, and the highest ICF was found for species that are used as cardiotonics. Moreover, a literature review indicated that among the cited species, several still lack studies that have proven their effects on the cardiovascular system. The traditional use of medicinal plants for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is broad in the study regions. The present results are important for clarifying popular knowledge in this region and providing a framework for selecting species with potential for the development of new pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular - LEFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79.804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica de Produtos Naturais e Bioativos, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular - LEFaC, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79.804-970, Brazil.
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Klider LM, Machado CD, Almeida VPD, Tirloni CAS, Marques AAM, Palozi RAC, Lorençone BR, Romão PVM, Guarnier LP, Casserimo NS, Silva DB, Cavalcanti TB, Raman V, Khan IA, Gasparotto Junior A, Budel JM. Cuphea calophylla var . mesostemon (Koehne) S.A. Graham: A Whole-Ethnopharmacological Investigation. J Med Food 2020; 24:394-410. [PMID: 32985931 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several species of Cuphea are used medicinally and are reported to have cardioprotective, diuretic, and antihypertensive properties. In Brazil, Cuphea species are collectively called "sete-sangrias" due to their similar appearances and are also used interchangeably for the same therapeutic purposes. So the aim of the study was to characterize morphoanatomy of leaves and stems, evaluate the safety, and investigate the diuretic, hypotensive, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties of ethanol-soluble fraction of Cuphea calophylla var. mesostemon (Koehne) S.A. Graham. Initially, the morphoanatomical characterization of the leaves and stems of C. calophylla var. mesostemon was performed. For the pharmacological evaluation, the ethanol-soluble fraction from Cuphea calophylla (ESCC) was obtained and chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Then, acute toxicity, diuretic, hypotensive, antioxidant, and vasodilatory effects were evaluated in Wistar rats. The main chemical compounds identified from ESCC were gallic acid derivatives, ellagitannins, and flavonoids. ESCC showed no acute toxic effect. ESCC showed no acute toxic effect and the estimated median lethal dose (LD50) was above 2000 mg/kg. ESCC treatment (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) did not present any significant acute diuretic or hypotensive effects. However, an important reduction in the elimination of electrolytes was observed after the acute administration, and a significant increase in renal sodium elimination was observed after 7 days of treatment. In the cardiac tissue, the groups treated with ESCC presented significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lislaine Maria Klider
- Ponta Grossa State University, Pharmacy Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Grad Program, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Dias Machado
- Ponta Grossa State University, Pharmacy Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Grad Program, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Ponta Grossa State University, Pharmacy Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Grad Program, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nadla Soares Casserimo
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas Ahmed Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Ponta Grossa State University, Pharmacy Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Grad Program, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Palozi RAC, Lorençone BR, Guarnier LP, Romão PVM, Marques AAM, Hulsmeyer APCR, Lourenço ELB, Tolouei SEL, da Silva GN, Curi TZ, Passoni MT, Dalsenter PR, de Araújo FHS, Oesterreich SA, Souza RIC, Dos Santos AC, de Castilho PF, de Oliveira KMP, Nocchi SR, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. From general toxicology to DNA disruption: A safety assessment of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 258:112916. [PMID: 32360045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel (Myrtaceae) is popularly known as "jaboticaba" or "jaboticaba". The fruit is appreciated for both fresh consumption and the manufacture of jelly, juice, ice cream, fermented beverages, and liqueurs. The more widespread traditional use of the plant involves the treatment of diarrhea, which utilizes all parts of the plant, including the fruit peels. AIM OF THE STUDY We sought to elucidate possible risks of the administration of an ethanol-soluble fraction that was obtained from an infusion of P. cauliflora fruit peels (SEIPC). We performed a series of experiments to evaluate possible toxicity, in which we administered SEIPC orally both acutely and repeatedly for 28 days. We also evaluated possible endocrine-disruptive and genotoxic effects in eukaryotic cells. The possible mutagenic activity of SEIPC was evaluated using reverse mutation (Ames) assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS SEIPC was produced and chemically characterized by LC-DAD-MS. Acute toxicity and behavioral and physiological alterations were evaluated in the modified Irwin test. Respiratory rate, arterial blood gas, electrocardiography, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were evaluated, and hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed after 28 days of oral treatment. The comet assay, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, uterotrophic test, Hershberger bioassay, and AMES test were performed using appropriate protocols. RESULTS From SEIPC, ellagic acid and derivatives, flavonols and anthocyanidins, as well as citric acid and gallic acid, were annotated by LC-DAD-MS. We did not observed any significant toxic effects after acute or prolonged SEIPC treatment. No endocrine-disruptive or mutagenic effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study found that SEIPC did not cause any significant alterations of various corporeal systems, including cardiac electrical activity, body temperature, respiratory rate, and arterial pressure. No alterations of biochemical, hematological, or blood gas parameters were observed. SEIPC did not cause any perturbations of the endocrine system or mutagenic, cytotoxic, or genotoxic effects. These findings substantiate the safe clinical use of P. cauliflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Zauer Curi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio Henrique Souza de Araújo
- Laboratory of Toxicological Assays - LETOX, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Laboratory of Toxicological Assays - LETOX, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaias Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Pamella Fukuda de Castilho
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Samara Requena Nocchi
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology - LEFaC, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Marques AAM, da Silva CHF, de Souza P, de Almeida CLB, Cechinel-Filho V, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto Junior A. Nitric oxide and Ca 2+-activated high-conductance K + channels mediate nothofagin-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the perfused rat kidney. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109182. [PMID: 32554038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nothofagin is a natural 3'-C-β-D-glucoside of the polyphenol phloretin that is mainly found in Aspalathus linearis, Nothofagus fusca, and Leandra dasytricha. In recent years, nothofagin has been described as a potential therapeutic agent for renal disorders, but the mechanisms that are involved in its renoprotective effects remain unclear. In the present study, perfused rat kidneys were used to test the hypothesis that nothofagin causes the direct relaxation of renal arteries. The molecular mechanisms that underlie these vascular effects were also investigated. The left kidney from Wistar rats was coupled in a perfusion system and continuously perfused with physiological saline solution (PSS). Initially, preparations with and without the endothelium were contracted with phenylephrine and received injections of 1-300 nmol nothofagin. The preparations were then perfused with PSS that contained phenylephrine plus KCl, indomethacin, l-NAME, tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine, iberiotoxin, charybdotoxin, and apamin. After 15 min under perfusion, nothofagin was injected again. In preparations with an intact endothelium, nothofagin dose-dependently reduced perfusion pressure. Endothelium removal or the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by l-NAME prevented the vasodilatory effect of nothofagin at all doses tested. Perfusion with PSS that contained KCl or tetraethylammonium chloride also abolished the vasodilatory effect of nothofagin. Treatment with glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine, and apamin did not affect the vasodilatory effect of nothofagin. Iberiotoxin (selective Ca2+-activated high-conductance K+ channel [KCa1.1] blocker) and charybdotoxin (selective KCa1.1 and Ca2+-activated intermediate-conductance K+ channel [KCa3.1] blocker) application blocked the vasodilatory effect of nothofagin at all doses tested, pointing to a predominant role for KCa1.1 in the action of nothofagin. However, these data cannot exclude a potential contribution of endothelial KCa3.1 channel in the nothofagin-induced vasodilation. Overall, our findings indicate that nothofagin induces vasodilation in renal arteries, an effect that is mediated by Ca2+ -activated high-conductance K+ channels opening and endothelial nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila L B de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Emerson L B Lourenço
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Barbosa RJ, Ratti da Silva G, Cola IM, Kuchler JC, Coelho N, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, de Souza R, Zonta FN, Froehlich DL, Jacomassi E, Soares AA, Velasques LG, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Acco A, Lívero FADR. Promising therapeutic use of Baccharis trimera (less.) DC. as a natural hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 254:112729. [PMID: 32145332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC is a perennial subshrub, popularly known as "carqueja," that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Ethnobotanical studies indicate that this species is used for the treatment of diabetes and digestive and liver diseases. However, studies that sought to validate its popular use were conducted using ethanolic extracts of the plant, which does not reflect the ethnomedicinal use of this species in humans. AIM OF THE STUDY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride accumulation in the liver that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the severity of this disease, less toxic and more effective therapeutic agents need to be developed. B. trimera may be a promising therapeutic alternative, but its activity against multiple risk factors for liver disease (e.g., smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) has not been studied. The present study investigated the effects of an ethnomedicinal form of a B. trimera preparation in a rat model of NAFLD that is associated with multiple risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic soluble fraction of B. trimera extract was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in male Wistar rats. The rats received a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet and were exposed to cigarette smoke (9 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks). In the last 2 weeks, the animals were orally treated with vehicle (negative control group), B. trimera extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin + simvastatin. One group of rats that was not exposed to these risk factors was also evaluated. Blood was collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) analysis. The liver and feces were collected for lipid quantification. The liver was additionally processed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS The model successfully induced NAFLD and increased levels of glucose, AST, and ALT in the negative control group. Treatment with the B. trimera extract (30 and 100 mg/kg) and insulin + simvastatin decreased hepatic and fecal lipids. In contrast to insulin + simvastatin treatment, all three doses of B. trimera effectively reduced AST and ALT levels. CONCLUSION B. trimera may be promising as a hepatoprotective agent against hepatic lesions that are caused by multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jachimowski Barbosa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Coelho
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia Assunção Soares
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Garcia Velasques
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzkoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Metabolism, Post-Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
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Younis W, Schini-Kerth VB, Brentan da Silva D, Junior AG, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM. Role of the NO/cGMP pathway and renin-angiotensin system in the hypotensive and diuretic effects of aqueous soluble fraction from Crataegus songarica K. Koch. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112400. [PMID: 31739101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fruits of Crataegus songarica K. Koch. (Rosaceae) are commonly used in folk medicine for their diuretic properties to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. To date, no scientific data has been published to support the diuretic potential. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and mechanism underlying the hypotensive and diuretic action of C. songarica in normotensive rats and to determine the constituents from the extracts by LC-DAD-MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, phytochemical profiling and antioxidant potential of C. songarica extracts was determined. Then, to evaluate changes in blood pressure, different groups of anesthetized normotensive rats were intravenously treated with crude extract (CS-Cr, 10-80 mg/kg), aqueous soluble (AS-CS, 0.1-20 mg/kg), and n-butanol soluble fractions of C. songarica (BS-CS, 1-80 mg/kg). The diuretic effects of CS-Cr (100-500 mg/kg, p.o), AS-CS (100-300 mg/kg, p.o) and BS-CS (100-300 mg/kg, p.o) were evaluated in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, 10 mg/kg, p.o). The urinary volume, sodium, potassium and pH were estimated in the sample collected for 6 h from saline-loaded rats. Using pharmacological antagonists or inhibitors, we determine the involvement of acetylcholine, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide in C. songarica induced hypotensive and diuresis action. In addition, the activities of angiotensin converting enzyme, erythrocytary carbonic anhydrase and renal Na+/K+/ATPase were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS From the LC-DAD-MS analyses, thirty-nine compounds were detected, showing a complex chemical profile and an expressive antioxidant activity "in vitro". Acute treatment with CS-Cr, AS-CS, and BS-CS exhibited significant hypotensive and diuretic potential in normotensive rats. However, AS-CS produced most potent and significant dose-dependent hypotension in normotensive rats, and also produced highly significant diuretic and saluretic effects. Despite the changes in urinary excretion of electrolytes, the plasmatic levels of sodium and potassium were not changed. Previous treatment with atropine and L-NAME significantly reduced the hypotensive and diuretic action of AS-CS in normotensive rats. Moreover, the 7-day treatment with AS-CS also resulted in significant ACE inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION This research supports and extends the ethnomedicinal use of C. songarica as diuretic and hypotensive agent. The results showed that AS-CS from C. songarica could present compounds responsible for hypotensive and diuretic activities with no signs of toxicity, and these effects could involve nitric oxide pathway activated by muscarinic receptors or/and inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Younis
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - V B Schini-Kerth
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Denise Brentan da Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ishfaq Ali Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Mohamed Assiri
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mendes TC, dos Reis Lívero FA, de Souza P, Gebara KS, Junior AG. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Antithrombogenic Plants: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:176-190. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart attack, stroke, and deep vein thrombosis are among the conditions that alter blood coagulation
and are modulated by antithrombogenic drugs. Natural products are an important source of antithrombogenic
agents and have been considered remarkable alternatives with greater efficacy and usually with fewer side effects.
However, the efficacy and toxicity of many of these plants that are used in traditional medicine must be scientifically
tested. Despite a large number of published articles that report that plants or plant-derived components may
act as antithrombogenic agents, few studies have investigated the mechanism of action of medicinal plants. This
review presents the current knowledge about the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of antithrombogenic
plants and their main components. Many well-established mechanisms (e.g., platelet aggregation, coagulation
factors, and thrombolysis) are related to the antithrombogenic activity of many natural products. However, the
central pathways that are responsible for their activity remain unclear. Further studies are needed to clarify the
central role of each of these pathways in the pleiotropic response to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane C. Mendes
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical- Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Karimi S. Gebara
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Alamgeer, Asif H, Sandhu MZA, Aziz M, Irfan HM, Moreno KGT, Junior AG. Ameliorative Effects and Cellular Aspects of Phytoconstituents in Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2574-2582. [PMID: 32056518 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200214161139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that involves vessels through the development of fatty streaks and plaques. Plant-based compounds can help treat or prevent atherosclerosis by affecting various factors that are involved in the disease. The present review discusses our current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of phytotherapeutics for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have evaluated the antiatherosclerotic activity of phytoconstituents to provide preliminary evidence of efficacy, but only a few studies have delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Plant-derived phytotherapeutics primarily targets abnormal levels of lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration, foam cell development, and atheromatous plaque formation. Nonetheless, the principal mechanisms that are responsible for their therapeutic actions remain unclear. Further pharmacological studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antiatherosclerotic response to these phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgeer
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Asif
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Z A Sandhu
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Aziz
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M Irfan
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Karyne G T Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Gasparotto Junior A. Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Naturally-derived Bioactive Compounds as Modulating Agents of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System: Therapeutic Benefits in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:670-684. [PMID: 30931846 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest challenges to public health worldwide is to reduce the number of events and deaths related to the cardiovascular diseases. Numerous approaches have been applied to reach this goal, and drug treatment intervention has been indispensable along with an effective strategy for reducing both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently one of the most important targets of cardiovascular drug therapy. Many studies have proven the valuable properties of naturally-derived bioactive compounds to treat cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The goal of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent developments related to medicinal properties about natural compounds as modulating agents of the RAAS, which have made them an attractive alternative to be available to supplement the current therapy options. RESULTS Data has shown that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or directly by modulating the AT1 receptors of angiotensin II, which consequently changes the entire classical axis of this system. CONCLUSION While there are a few evidence about the positive actions of different classes of secondary metabolites for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, data is scarce about the clinical assays established to demonstrate their value in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa M da Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratorio de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Otênio JK, Souza KD, Alberton O, Alberton LR, Moreno KGT, Gasparotto Junior A, Palozi RAC, Lourenço ELB, Jacomassi E. Thyroid-disrupting effects of chlorpyrifos in female Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:387-392. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1701487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joice Karina Otênio
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Karine Delgado Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Odair Alberton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rômulo Alberton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | | | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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Gasparotto Junior A, de Souza P, Lívero FADR. Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a genuinely Brazilian species. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 245:112169. [PMID: 31425732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel is widespread in alluvial plains and open forests in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. The fruits of P. cauliflora are used as food, and almost all parts of this species have long been used as a traditional Brazilian medicine for the treatment of skin irritations, flu, diarrhea, labyrinthitis, genito-urinary problems, and asthma. THE AIM OF THE REVIEW This review provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on P. cauliflora with regard to its ethnopharmacological uses, constituents, biological activities, and toxicology, all of which are useful for future research and the development of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information and data on P. cauliflora were collected from ethnobotanical textbooks and scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Google, and Google Scholar. RESULTS The main chemical constituents in P. cauliflora preparations were depsides, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins. The main medicinal use of the species in Brazil is for the treatment of diarrhea. Although antimicrobial potential of this species has been demonstrated, data on gastrointestinal motility are still incipient and need further investigation. Studies that indicate the efficacy of its traditional use for sore throat, pelvic hemorrhage, uterine wounds, vaginal discharge, and flu are nonexistent. The scientific literature does not describe any toxic effects of its popular use. However, the available data do not allow us to conclude that the ethnomedicinal use of this species is safe, with a lack of well-designed preclinical tests and randomized clinical trials. CONCLUSION This review summarizes research on the traditional use, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of P. cauliflora. Although P. cauliflora possesses significant biological activities, much of its ethnomedicinal use has not been scientifically evaluated. Well-designed pharmacological and toxicological assays and randomized clinical trials are still needed to validate its ethnopharmacological use as an herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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50
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Souza MMQ, Silva GRD, Cola IM, Silva AO, Schaedler MI, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, Froelich DL, Auth PA, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC: An Innovative Cardioprotective Herbal Medicine Against Multiple Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. J Med Food 2019; 23:676-684. [PMID: 31702422 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and among its modifiable risk factors are dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking. Experimental models evaluated this risk factors singly, however, there is a lack of models that agglomerate these risk factors, resembling real patients and elucidating the pathophysiology of CVD. Moreover, few studies have investigated the cardioprotective effects of Baccharis trimera, a species with lipid-lowering effects. In this study, ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats that also received 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow and were exposed to the smoke of nine cigarettes, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle (C-), B. trimera, or simvastatin plus insulin. At the end, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine levels; blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR); abdominal aortic morphometry; vascular reactivity; renal and cardiac oxidative status; and histopathological changes were evaluated. The agglomerate of risk factors promoted alterations contrary to those described in the literature for the isolated risk factors. The C- group exhibited oxidative stress, increase in biochemical parameters, and thickening of the wall of the abdominal aorta. HR, systolic, diastolic, and mean BP decreased, and vascular reactivity was altered. Cardiac and renal histopathological changes were observed. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes and this effect may be partially attributable to lipid-lowering action and to the inhibition of free radical generation. B. trimera has cardioprotective effects in this model, with no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Moraes Queiroz Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aniely Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maysa Isernhagen Schaedler
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diego Lacir Froelich
- Laboratory Prevention and Diagnosis, Assis Gurgacz Faculty, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
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