Negative Affect and Drinking among Indigenous Youth: Disaggregating Within- and Between-Person Effects

Negative affect (depression/anxiety) and alcohol use among Indigenous youth in Canada remain a concern for many communities. Disparate rates of these struggles are understood to be a potential outcome of colonization and subsequent intergenerational trauma experienced by individuals, families, and communities. Using a longitudinal design, we examined change in alcohol use and negative affect, and reciprocal associations, among a group of Indigenous adolescents. Indigenous youth (N = 117; 50% male; Mage=12.46-16.28; grades 6-10) from a remote First Nation in northern Quebec completed annual self-reported assessments on negative affect (depression/anxiety) and alcohol use. A Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR) was used to distinguish between- and within-person associations of negative affect and alcohol use. Growth models did not support change in depression/anxiety, but reports of drinking increased linearly. At the between-person level, girls reported higher initial levels of depression/anxiety and drinking; depression/anxiety were not associated with drinking. At the within-person level, drinking prospectively predicted increases in depression/anxiety but depression/anxiety did not prospectively predict drinking. When Indigenous adolescents reported drinking more alcohol than usual at one wave of assessment, they reported higher levels of negative affect than expected (given their average levels of depression/anxiety) at the following assessment. Our findings suggest that when Indigenous youth present for treatment reporting alcohol use, they should also be screened for negative affect (depression/anxiety). Conversely, if an Indigenous adolescent presents for treatment reporting negative affect, they should also be screened for alcohol use.

Response to photic stimulation as a measure of cortical excitability in epilepsy patients

Studying states and state transitions in the brain is challenging due to nonlinear, complex dynamics. In this research, we analyze the brain's response to non-invasive perturbations. Perturbation techniques offer a powerful method for studying complex dynamics, though their translation to human brain data is under-explored. This method involves applying small inputs, in this case via photic stimulation, to a system and measuring its response. Sensitivity to perturbations can forewarn a state transition. Therefore, biomarkers of the brain's perturbation response or "cortical excitability" could be used to indicate seizure transitions. However, perturbing the brain often involves invasive intracranial surgeries or expensive equipment such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which is only accessible to a minority of patient groups, or animal model studies. Photic stimulation is a widely used diagnostic technique in epilepsy that can be used as a non-invasive perturbation paradigm to probe brain dynamics during routine electroencephalography (EEG) studies in humans. This involves changing the frequency of strobing light, sometimes triggering a photo-paroxysmal response (PPR), which is an electrographic event that can be studied as a state transition to a seizure state. We investigate alterations in the response to these perturbations in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) PPR, and patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES; n = 10), compared to resting controls (n = 10). Metrics of EEG time-series data were evaluated as biomarkers of the perturbation response including variance, autocorrelation, and phase-based synchrony measures. We observed considerable differences in all group biomarker distributions during stimulation compared to controls. In particular, variance and autocorrelation demonstrated greater changes in epochs close to PPR transitions compared to earlier stimulation epochs. Comparison of PPR and spontaneous seizure morphology found them indistinguishable, suggesting PPR is a valid proxy for seizure dynamics. Also, as expected, posterior channels demonstrated the greatest change in synchrony measures, possibly reflecting underlying PPR pathophysiologic mechanisms. We clearly demonstrate observable changes at a group level in cortical excitability in epilepsy patients as a response to perturbation in EEG data. Our work re-frames photic stimulation as a non-invasive perturbation paradigm capable of inducing measurable changes to brain dynamics.

IMPROVING ACCESS TO CARE AND CONSENT FOR TRANSGENDER AND GENDER DIVERSE YOUTH IN THE UNITED STATES

Gender-affirming care (GAC) aims to benefit transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. GAC includes access to mental health, medical care, and surgical interventions. However, access to GAC and the youth's ability to consent to GAC is frequently contested. This editorial reviews access to care for TGD youth and discusses perspectives on youth consent for GAC. Pertinent challenges include the ability to provide informed consent within current medical and legal frameworks, mental health and parental concerns, and the long-term effects of GAC. Further research, advocacy, and patient education are warranted to ensure safe access to GAC for TGD youth.

The impact of cultural identity, parental communication, and peer influence on substance use among Indigenous youth in Canada

Heavy drinking and smoking have been found to be among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within Indigenous youth in North America. The focus of this study was to examine the relative roles of cultural identity, parent-child communication about the harms of substance use (SU), and perception about peers' opinions on heavy drinking and cigarette smoking among Indigenous youth. Strong Indigenous cultural identity, parent-child communication about SU, and affiliation with peers who do not use and/or who disapprove of substance use were all expected to reduce risk for heavy drinking and smoking. Substance use beliefs were hypothesized to mediate these effects. Youth (N  =  117; Mage  =  14.07; grades 6-11) from two Indigenous communities in Quebec completed self-reports. Consistent with the hypotheses, strong cultural identity predicted increased negative beliefs about substance use, which predicted reduced drinking and smoking. Similarly, affiliating with peers who did not use alcohol predicted decreased positive beliefs about alcohol use, which predicted reduced drinking. Affiliating with peers who did not smoke cigarettes predicted reduced cigarette smoking. Parental influences were not supported in this model. Intervention strategies may benefit from targeting cultural identity, peer groups, and substance use beliefs among Indigenous youth.

Evaluation of the Training in Early Detection for Early Intervention (TEDEI) e-learning course using Kirkpatrick's method

BACKGROUND

Early intervention in cerebral palsy could improve motor outcome but is only possible following early identification of those affected. There is a need for training of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in early detection of atypical motor development. We developed a video-based e-learning course - Training in Early Detection for Early Intervention (TEDEI) - to address this need. We evaluated whether participation in the course improved knowledge and changed behaviour of HCPs.

METHODS

Participants were 332 HCPs (38% physiotherapists, 35.8% occupational therapists), predominantly UK-based (83.7%). Analysis of training effects used mixed methods and followed Kirkpatrick's model, first assessing "Reaction" through a feedback questionnaire involving Likert scale and free text responses (n = 141). "Learning" was assessed through multiple choice questions (MCQs): all 332 HCPs completed a pre-course quiz of 6 MCQs followed by the course, then a 16 item post-course quiz including the 6 pre-course questions. "Behaviour" was assessed through in-depth qualitative interviewing of 23 participants.

RESULTS

"Reaction": TEDEI was found to be effective, engaging and well structured. "Learning": Scores improved significantly between the pre-course and post-course quiz, median improvement 1/6 (z = 5.30, p < 0.001). HCPs also reported a perceived improvement in their knowledge, confidence and ability. "Behaviour": HCPs could see how TEDEI would improve their clinical practice through having an assessment framework, ways of working better with parents, and developing observational skills useful for tele-health assessments.

CONCLUSION

Our brief e-learning course on early detection for early intervention was viewed positively, improved knowledge and showed potential for positive changes in practice. Kirkpatrick's model provided a useful framework for undertaking this evaluation.

Prognostic interictal electroencephalographic biomarkers and models to assess antiseizure medication efficacy for clinical practice: A scoping review

Antiseizure medication (ASM) is the primary treatment for epilepsy. In clinical practice, methods to assess ASM efficacy (predict seizure freedom or seizure reduction), during any phase of the drug treatment lifecycle, are limited. This scoping review identifies and appraises prognostic electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers and prognostic models that use EEG features, which are associated with seizure outcomes following ASM initiation, dose adjustment, or withdrawal. We also aim to summarize the population and context in which these biomarkers and models were identified and described, to understand how they could be used in clinical practice. Between January 2021 and October 2022, four databases, references, and citations were systematically searched for ASM studies investigating changes to interictal EEG or prognostic models using EEG features and seizure outcomes. Study bias was appraised using modified Quality in Prognosis Studies criteria. Results were synthesized into a qualitative review. Of 875 studies identified, 93 were included. Biomarkers identified were classed as qualitative (visually identified by wave morphology) or quantitative. Qualitative biomarkers include identifying hypsarrhythmia, centrotemporal spikes, interictal epileptiform discharges (IED), classifying the EEG as normal/abnormal/epileptiform, and photoparoxysmal response. Quantitative biomarkers were statistics applied to IED, high-frequency activity, frequency band power, current source density estimates, pairwise statistical interdependence between EEG channels, and measures of complexity. Prognostic models using EEG features were Cox proportional hazards models and machine learning models. There is promise that some quantitative EEG biomarkers could be used to assess ASM efficacy, but further research is required. There is insufficient evidence to conclude any specific biomarker can be used for a particular population or context to prognosticate ASM efficacy. We identified a potential battery of prognostic EEG biomarkers, which could be combined with prognostic models to assess ASM efficacy. However, many confounders need to be addressed for translation into clinical practice.

7 LEARNING FROM THE FALLS ANALYSIS OF OLDER PEOPLE ADMITTED TO AN IRISH POST-ACUTE REHABILITATION SERVICE

Background

Thirty percent of community-dwelling older adults fall each year with 10% suffering a severe injury often resulting in hospital admission. To deliver effective falls prevention a thorough falls history is required. The objective of this study was to complete a SPLATT (symptoms before fall, previous falls, location of fall, activity at time of fall, time of day and trauma sustained) analysis of falls that resulted in an acute hospital admission reported by older people on admission to the post-acute rehabilitation unit.

Methods

Older people admitted to rehabilitation post fall that resulted in acute admission were included in this study. The SPLATT analysis was completed on OT initial assessment. Data was anonymized and recorded using Microsoft excel.

Results

A total of 61 falls were included in the analysis. Participants were all older people admitted to post-acute rehabilitation (female= 48, male= 13). 93% reported no symptoms before their fall. Almost half (43%) had experienced previous falls. Most falls (51%) happened at home with most of these (29%) occurring in the bedroom. A significant proportion (30%) happened in the community. The most common cause of fall was a loss of balance (32%) while completing a reaching or functional task. Most falls (87%) happened during the day but of those who fell at night, 62.5% occurred while trying to use the toilet. The majority (82%) of the falls lead to a significant trauma – hip fracture.

Conclusion

The results of this study supports that falls prevention interventions for rehabilitation service users should incorporate functional training both at home and in the community. The individual SPLATT analysis could support the design of a falls prevention intervention tailored to the person’s needs and history.

POS0180 THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION OF APOCYNIN AND PAEONOL IN SYMPTOMATIC KNEE OA: A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Background

There is a great unmet need for the development of effective treatments to treat the symptoms of OA. Nuclear-Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) and Nrf2 play a key roles in OA pathogenesis and have been identified as potential targets. A fixed-dose combination of apocynin and paenol in a ratio of 2:7 (APPA) has been shown to inhibit activation of NF-κB and upregulate Nrf2. [1]

Objectives

We report the results of a phase 2a study evaluating the efficacy and safety of APPA in patients with symptomatic knee OA.

Methods

The trial was a 28-day randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study comparing 800 mg of APPA twice daily with matched placebo capsules. Patients with radiographic knee OA KL-grade 2-3, and a WOMAC pain score ≥40 and ≤90/100 of target knee at screening and baseline were randomized 1:1 to APPA or placebo. Main exclusion criteria included recent intraarticular surgery or injection therapy, hip pain greater than the target knee, and BMI ≥40 kg/m2. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to Day 28 in the WOMAC pain score. Safety outcomes included reported adverse events (AE), clinical laboratory parameters, ECG, and vital signs.

A pre-defined subgroup analysis in subjects with a baseline PainDETECT score >12 indicated a positive effect. Accordingly, post-hoc analyses were undertaken to further assess the effects of APPA in subgroups of participants with higher disease severity.

Results

152 participants were randomized, and 149 (98%) completed the trial. The mean (SD) WOMAC pain score at baseline was 55.3 (10.2). The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline pain score, gender, age, and BMI.

The primary endpoint was not met, mean difference (MD) between APPA and placebo was -0.89 (95 % CI: -5.62, 3.84, p=0.71, Figure 1A). Similarly, no significant differences were found on other key secondary endpoints (WOMAC Function and WOMAC total Figure 1B and C, respectively.) APPA was well tolerated and no differences in frequencies of reported AEs were noted, apart from a higher proportion of subjects reporting mild to moderate gastrointestinal discomfort reported with APPA compared to placebo (12% vs. 6.5 %).

In the pre-defined subgroup of participants with baseline PainDETECT ≥ 13 (N=45), the difference in mean change in pain from baseline favored the APPA-group (MD: -11.20, 95 % CI: -20.29 to -2.11, p=0.02). Analysis of participants > 50 WOMAC pain at baseline (Group 1, N=95, Figure 1D), and a KL-grade of the non-target knee >2 (Group 2, N=105, Figure 1E), and a combination of these two criteria (Group 3, N=64, Figure 1F) found a positive effect of APPA compared to placebo (Group 1 MD: -2.61, 95 % CI: -8.98 to 3.76, p=0.42, Group 2 MD: -4.01, 95 % CI: -9.35 to 1.33, p=0.14, and Group 3 MD: -8.32, 95 % CI: -15.48 to -1.16, p=0.02).

Conclusion

Treatment with APPA 800 mg twice daily for 28 days in patients with symptomatic knee OA overall was not associated with significantly improved outcomes compared to placebo. The treatment was well-tolerated and safe. Subgroup analyses, however, showed a significant effect of APPA in patients with moderate to severe OA, indicating that further research in the effects of APPA in appropriate patients is warranted.

References

[1]Cross AL, Hawkes J, Wright HL, Moots RJ, Edwards SW. APPA (apocynin and paeonol) modulates pathological aspects of human neutrophil function, without supressing antimicrobial ability, and inhibits TNFα expression and signalling. Inflammopharmacology. 2020 Oct; 28(5):1223-1235.

Disclosure of Interests

Asger Reinstrup Bihlet Shareholder of: NBCD A/S, Employee of: NBCD A/S, Inger Byrjalsen Employee of: NBCD A/S, Jeppe Ragnar Andersen Shareholder of: NBCD A/S, Employee of: NBCD A/S, Anna Metnik Shareholder of: NBCD A/S, Employee of: NBCD A/S, Alan Reynolds Shareholder of: AKL R&D, Employee of: AKL R&D, Nicholas Larkins Shareholder of: AKL R&D, Employee of: AKL R&D, Peter Alexandersen: None declared, Helene Rovsing: None declared, Ulla Schmidt: None declared, Robert Moots Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, Novartis, Gilead, Grant/research support from: University of Liverpool received grant support from AKL on Phase 1 trial where Prof. Rob Moots was principal investigator. UoL also received grant support from AKL on basic neutrophil research., Philip G Conaghan Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB

219 IMPROVING DELIRIUM SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT IN POST-ACUTE REHABILITATION: A MULTI-STAGE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE

Background

There is risk of delirium among older patients on transition from acute care to post-acute rehabilitation (Marcantonio et al. 2003). The 4AT is the recommended delirium detection tool for clinical practice (Tieges et al. 2020). A multi-disciplinary led quality improvement project was undertaken to standardise and improve delirium screening and management in the older person’s rehabilitation service of a post-acute rehabilitation hospital.

Methods

A retrospective audit of medical charts was completed for all patients admitted to a post-acute older person’s rehabilitation service from October 2019 to December 2019. Following that audit, there was a staff education intervention focusing on delirium awareness, screening and management. Furthermore, a dedicated ‘Delirium Champions Group’ was formed with representatives from the multi-disciplinary team. A Delirium Screen pro-forma was developed and implemented by this group. It included an attached 4AT sticker for all new admission medical charts. A post intervention medical chart audit was completed for all admissions to the same ward from October to December 2020.

Results

The pre-intervention chart audit showed 0% compliance with any form of formal delirium screening tool. The majority of patients had at least 2 delirium risk factors at the time of admission. The post-intervention audit recorded 92% compliance with 4AT use at the time of admission as well as full completion of the Delirium Screen pro-forma which included the documentation of risk factors for delirium. The Delirium Champions Group provide ongoing staff education, resources and are now exploring hospital environmental design and its role in delirium prevention.

Conclusion

This initiative lead to a significant improvement in the completion of delirium screening in post-acute rehabilitation. This project had the secondary benefit of prompting the formation of a dedicated delirium improvement group focusing on delirium awareness, screening, documentation, management and ultimately prevention.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Sexual Minority College Undergraduate Students

Objectives

The objective was to examine differences in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in sexual minority (SM) college undergraduate students compared to their heterosexual peers.

Methods

A cross sectional convenience sample of college undergraduate students completed an online survey that assessed HRQOL, demographics, and height/weight. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported height and weight. A one-way MANCOVA was used to determine differences in HRQOL variables between SM and heterosexual participants while controlling for BMI and gender.

Results

Participants (N = 690) were 19.9 ± 1.8 years old, mostly female (63%), and white (83%). Twenty-four % (n = 165) of students identified as SM. There were statistically significant differences in HRQOL between SM and heterosexual students, (F (6, 584) = 8.89, P &lt; 0.001; Wilk's Λ = 0.916, partial η2 = 0.084). Compared to their heterosexual peers, SM students experienced more days per month (d/m) having poor mental health (14.5 ± 9.8 vs. 8.5 ± 8.7 days, P &lt; 0.001); more d/m feeling sad/blue/depressed (12.0 ± 9.7 vs. 6.3 ± 7.8 days, P &lt; 0.001); more d/m feeling worried/tense/anxious (18.1 ± 10.2 vs. 10.9 ± 9.8 days, P &lt; 0.001); more d/m feeling they did not get enough sleep (13.8 ± 9.6 vs. 11.1 ± 9.0 days, P &lt; 0.01); and fewer d/m feeling very healthy and full of energy (6.8 ± 6.5 vs. 11.4 ± 8.7 days, P &lt; 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in physical health.

Conclusions

This data confirms that SM college students experience similar health disparities observed in SM adolescent and adult populations. There is an apparent need for increased awareness of these disparities among healthcare professionals so that the appropriate interventions can be developed and implemented. This research provides justification for college aimed wellness interventions that advocate for health education and access to mental health resources to improve overall HRQOL, specifically for the LGBTQ + community.

Funding Sources

This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #ME0022104 through the Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station. NJ Agriculture Experiment Station.

The Impact of Health Behaviors on Health-Related Quality of Life in College Students

Objectives

The objective was to explore the influence of health behaviors on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among college undergraduate students.

Methods

A convenience sample of college students completed an online survey consisting of the Center for Disease Control's HRQOL modules, perceived stress scale, sleep questionnaire, and the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable (FV) Screener. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported height and weight. Independent t-test were used to compare HRQOL between students who consumed above/below average fruit and vegetable intake. Two multiple regression analyses were used to determine health factors that predicted better HRQOL.

Results

Participants (N = 655) were 19.8 ± 1.5 years old, female (63%), and white (84%). The average FV intake was 2.2 servings per day. Students who consumed more than the average intake of FV, reported more days/month (d/m) feeling healthy and full of energy (11.9 ± 8.6 vs. 8.9 ± 7.9, P &lt; 0.001), and reported less d/m of poor mental health (8.5 ± 8.1 vs. 11.1 ± 9.8, P &lt; 0.001) compared to those who consumed less than the average. Two predictors explained 38.5% of variance in d/m when mental health was not good (r2 = 0.38, F (2,639) = 200.11, P &lt; 0.001): perceived stress (β = 0.61, P &lt; 0.001) and FV intake (β = −0.08, P &lt; 0.05). Four predictors explained 30.0% of the variance in d/m feeling happy and full of energy (r2 = 0.29, F (4,549) = 58.6, P &lt; 0.001): perceived stress (β = −0.46, P &lt; 0.001), BMI (β = −0.11, P &lt; 0.01), FV intake (β = 0.16, P &lt; 0.001), and hours of sleep (β = 0.08, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions

This data shows that students who consumed above average FV intake reported more days of feeling happy and full of energy and less days of poor mental health, and that modifiable behaviors (FV intake, stress, sleep) impact HRQOL of young adults. This research provides justification for college aimed wellness interventions to include both nutrition education and mental health resources to improve overall HRQOL.

Funding Sources

This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #ME0022104 through the Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station. NJ Agriculture Experiment Station.

The Impact of Grit on Health Outcomes in College Students

Objectives

The objective was to examine the relationship between grit and health outcomes in college undergraduate students.

Methods

A cross-sectional convenience sample of college undergraduate students completed an online survey assessing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable Screener, and the 2-item Hager Food Insecurity Screener. Grit was assessed by generating a mean score using the 8-item short grit scale. Independent t-tests were used to compare health outcomes between students who reported above/below the average grit score of the sample. Chi-square tests were used to examine group differences between grit level and prevalence of food insecurity.

Results

Participants (N = 655) were 19.8 ± 1.5 years old, mostly female (63%), and white (84%). The average grit score was 3.27 ± 0.54 out of 5. Results indicated that students who were grittier than average (n = 372) reported fewer days/months (d/m) with poor mental health (8.1 ± 8.5 vs. 11.6 ± 9.6, P &lt; 0.001), fewer d/m feeling sad/depressed (6.2 ± 7.7 vs. 9.9 ± 9.3, P &lt; 0.001), more d/m with restful sleep (12.9 ± 9.8 vs. 10.3 ± 8.6, P &lt; 0.001), more d/m feeling very healthy and full of energy (12.6 ± 8.8 vs. 8.4 ± 7.5, P &lt; 0.001), and ate more servings of fruits and vegetables per day (2.4 ± 1.3 vs. 2.1 ± 1.32, P &lt; 0.01). Grittier participants were also less likely to report being food insecure (16.0%) vs. less grittier participants (23.3%), P &lt; 0.05.

Conclusions

This data indicates that students who were grittier than average reported better HRQOL, consumed a more healthful diet, and were more likely to be food secure. This provides justification for future research to explore grit as a mediating factor that may contribute to better health outcomes, especially in populations particularly susceptible to experiencing poor HRQOL and food insecurity.

Funding Sources

This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #ME0022104 through the Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station. NJ Agriculture Experiment Station.

The Influence of Intuitive Eating on Weight Satisfaction in College Students

Objectives

The objective was to examine the relationship between intuitive eating behavior and weight satisfaction in college students.

Methods

A cross-sectional convenience sample of college students completed an online survey that evaluated frequency of intuitive eating, weight satisfaction (happy/neutral/upset), and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported height and weight. Independent t-tests were used to compare differences in desired weight change, BMI, and days feeling healthy and full of energy between students who identified as an intuitive eater and those who did not. An ANOVA was used to examine differences between weight satisfaction groups and frequency of intuitive eating.

Results

Participants (N = 655) were 19.8 ± 1.5 years old, female (63%), and white (84%). College students that identified as intuitive eaters (61%) reported significantly less desire to change their weight than non-intuitive eaters (10.76 ± 11.21 vs. 16.98 ± 13.13, P &lt; 0.01), had a healthier BMI 24.2 ± 4.7 vs. 25.7 ± 5.8, P &lt; 0.01), and reported more days per month (d/m) feeling healthy and full of energy (12.2 ± 8.6 vs. 2.8 ± 7.5, P &lt; 0.001). A main effect of intuitive eating was found for weight satisfaction, (F(1,2) = 49.158, P &lt; 0.001). Individuals who were happy with their current weight reported significantly greater intuitive eating activity than individuals who did not care about their current weight (P &lt; 0.01) and those who were upset about their current weight (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions

This data shows that students who identified as eating intuitively reported having a higher body weight satisfaction, a healthier BMI, and reported more d/m feeling healthy and full of energy. This research justifies the need for health programming to focus on encouraging intuitive eating behavior, especially for college students who are at risk for unhealthful diet practices.

Funding Sources

This project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number #ME0022104 through the Maine Agricultural & Forest Experiment Station. NJ Agriculture Experiment Station.

AB0036 APPA (APOCYNIN AND PAEONOL) REDUCES ROS PRODUCTION AND SENESCENCE IN HUMAN ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES

Background:

Disease modification is not yet possible for osteoarthritis (OA). Mitochondrial ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of OA and are potential therapeutic targets. APPA, a combination of apocynin (AP) and paeonol (PA), has the potential capacity to modulate synthesis of pro-inflammatory stimuli.

Objectives:

To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of APPA in human articular chondrocytes and cartilage.

Methods:

Tissue and chondrocytes from human OA cartilage were isolated. The effect of APPA on chondrocyte viability was analyzed using MTT. IL-1β 10 ng/mL and LPS 10 ng/mL were used as pro-inflammatory stimuli. ROS production was evaluated by flow cytometry using DCFH-DA and MitoSoxRed. The percentage of senescent cells was evaluated through the quantification of Fluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) by flow cytometry. The effect of APPA on gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α) and enzymes degrading cartilage (MMP-13 and MMP-3) were analyzed in chondrocyte and cartilage by RT-PCR. Quantification of Toluidine Blue (TB) staining in cartilage was performed to evaluate proteoglycans content using software ImageJ/Fiji. Release of Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) into the supernatant was quantified using BlyscanTM Glycosaminoglycan assay. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism v6.

Results:

Chondrocytes, incubated in presence of APPA 10 µg/mL for 24 h had viability >85%, reduced cytoplasmic ROS (p=0.028) and mitochondrial anion superoxide production induced by LPS 10 ng/mL (p=0.057). Chondrocytes incubated in presence of APPA 10 µg/mL for 2 hours contained significantly fewer senescent cells (p=0.0079). APPA significantly reduced the gene expression induced by IL-1β 10 ng/mL in chondrocytes of IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-13 and MMP-3. Cartilage incubated with APPA 60 and 100 µg/mL for 48 h showed decreased the MMP-3 gene expression induced by IL-1β (p=0.021 and p<0.0001 respectively). Quantification of TB showed that APPA 60 and 100 µg/mL during 48h increased the proteoglycans in intermedial layer, which had been decreased through the incubation with IL-1β (p=0.0018 and p=0.018 respectively). Quantification of release GAGs into the supernatant decreased significantly when the cartilage explants were incubated for 48h in presence of APPA 100 µg/mL (p=0.028).

Conclusion:

APPA has a clear anti-inflammatory effect on human articular chondrocytes, and could reduce extracellular matrix degradation of cartilage. This could be mediated by the capacity to modulate ROS production and reduce senescence.

Disclosure of Interests:

Mercedes Fernandez-Moreno: None declared, Nicholas Larkins Shareholder of: I am a shareholder in AKL Research and Development Ltd, Alan Reynolds Shareholder of: I have share options in AKL Research and Development Ltd, Speakers bureau: I have not been a paid speaker for a pharma company - at least not since 2008 whichI think is outside the scope of this, Consultant of: The last time I was a paid consultant was in 2017 when I acted as a consultant for Avillion and Norgine, Employee of: I am also an employee of AKL Research and Development Ltd, Tamara Hermida Gómez: None declared, Francisco J. Blanco Speakers bureau: Lilly

Pfizer

Sanofi

Galapagos, Consultant of: Lilly

Pfizer

Sanofi

Galapagos, Grant/research support from: Lilly

MSD

Merck Serono

Pfizer

Pierre-Fabra

Roche

Sanofi

Servier

UCB

Abbvie

Amgen

Bioiberica

Bristol Mayer

Celgene

Celltrion

Cellerix

Grunenthal

Gebro Pharma

AKL Research and Development Ltd

Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.

Acute growth inhibition & toxicity analysis of nano-polystyrene spheres on Raphidocelis subcapitata

Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) have been found within many environments and organisms including humans, making them a significant and growing concern. Initial research into the potential detrimental effects these MNPs both from acute and chronic exposure has been ongoing but still requires substantially more data to clarify. This research presents the response of nano-polystyrene (NPS) on Raphidocelis subcapitata, a freshwater alga, under an existing acute toxicity test along with additional analytical techniques to try identifying possible sources of toxicity. R. subcapitata cells were exposed for 72 h to a concentration range of 0-100 mg/l NPS. Growth Inhibition (GI) testing showed the R. subcapitata demonstrated statistically distinct reductions in growth over 72 h at all NPS exposure concentrations while not suffering culture collapse. By the 100 mg/l NPS exposure the R. subcapitata has suffered almost a 33.7% reduction in cell concentration after 72 h compared to control samples. Confocal imaging showed the NPS wasn't permeating into the algal plasma membrane or individual organelles but agglomerated onto the algal cell wall. The agglomeration was irregular but increased in total surface area covered as NPS concentration increases. UV-Vis fluorimetry testing produced a linear response of emission intensities to algae exposed to the 0-100 mg/l range of NPS. However, comparisons of emission intensity values of algae exposed to NPS to emission intensities of pure NPS at identical concentrations showed consistent intensity reduction. This response further indicated NPS agglomerating within the media and onto the alga cells seen from confocal imaging. Finally, Raman spectroscopy on R. subcapitata attempted to distinguish the key 1001 cm^-1 peak or other crucial identifier peaks of polystyrene from overall Raman spectra. This was not successful as emissions from algal component (e.g. phenylaniline) completely suppressed the signal region.

Acute growth inhibition & toxicity analysis of nano-polystyrene spheres on Raphidocelis subcapitata

Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) have been found within many environments and organisms including humans, making them a significant and growing concern. Initial research into the potential detrimental effects these MNPs both from acute and chronic exposure has been ongoing but still requires substantially more data to clarify. This research presents the response of nano-polystyrene (NPS) on Raphidocelis subcapitata, a freshwater alga, under an existing acute toxicity test along with additional analytical techniques to try identifying possible sources of toxicity. R. subcapitata cells were exposed for 72 h to a concentration range of 0-100 mg/l NPS. Growth Inhibition (GI) testing showed the R. subcapitata demonstrated statistically distinct reductions in growth over 72 h at all NPS exposure concentrations while not suffering culture collapse. By the 100 mg/l NPS exposure the R. subcapitata has suffered almost a 33.7% reduction in cell concentration after 72 h compared to control samples. Confocal imaging showed the NPS wasn't permeating into the algal plasma membrane or individual organelles but agglomerated onto the algal cell wall. The agglomeration was irregular but increased in total surface area covered as NPS concentration increases. UV-Vis fluorimetry testing produced a linear response of emission intensities to algae exposed to the 0-100 mg/l range of NPS. However, comparisons of emission intensity values of algae exposed to NPS to emission intensities of pure NPS at identical concentrations showed consistent intensity reduction. This response further indicated NPS agglomerating within the media and onto the alga cells seen from confocal imaging. Finally, Raman spectroscopy on R. subcapitata attempted to distinguish the key 1001 cm^-1 peak or other crucial identifier peaks of polystyrene from overall Raman spectra. This was not successful as emissions from algal component (e.g. phenylaniline) completely suppressed the signal region.

Identification with ancestral culture is associated with fewer internalizing problems among older Naskapi adolescents

The manifestations of externalizing and internalizing behaviors among minority adolescents might best be understood by examining their relation to culturally specific factors, such as cultural identity, as well as to factors that seem to be relevant across cultures, such as age and gender. In this study, we examined the roles of age and gender in moderating the relation between self-reported cultural identity and externalizing and internalizing problems and the interaction between Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity in relation to problematic behaviors. The participants included 61 students (32 female) with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD = 1.69) from a Naskapi reserve in Quebec, Canada. Age moderated the relation between identification with Indigenous culture and internalizing symptomatology. Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity did not interact in predicting internalizing or externalizing problems. Consistent with the available evidence regarding the centrality of identity in adolescent development, the magnitude of the inverse relation between identification with Indigenous culture and number of clinical internalizing symptoms appears to increase in significance later in adolescence. The lack of an interaction between Indigenous and Mainstream cultural identity in relation to internalizing and externalizing problems suggests that it is the need to consider both cultures individually without the assumption that one negates the other.

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a common feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). In other species, obese adipose tissue shows pathological features such as adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and impaired insulin signalling all of which contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation. Such adipose tissue dysfunction has not been investigated in horses.

OBJECTIVES

To determine if obese horses with EMS have adipose tissue dysfunction characterised by adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and altered insulin signalling.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional post-mortem study.

METHODS

Samples of peri-renal (visceral) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were obtained at post-mortem from healthy horses (n = 9) and horses with EMS (n = 6). Samples were analysed to determine average adipocyte size, fibrotic content and expression of inflammatory and insulin signalling genes.

RESULTS

Horses with metabolic syndrome showed marked adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of adipokines (leptin) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β and CCL2) in both adipose tissue depots compared to healthy horses. There were no differences in fibrosis or expression of genes relating to insulin signalling between the groups.

MAIN LIMITATIONS

Cases used in this study had advanced EMS and may represent the end stage of the condition; the design of the study is such that we were unable to relate the identified adipose tissue dysfunction to whole body insulin dysregulation.

CONCLUSIONS

Horses with obesity and EMS have significant dysfunction of the peri-renal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue that may contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation.

Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions, difficulty with communication, and repetitive behavior patterns. In humans affected by ASD, there is a male pre-disposition towards the condition with a male to female ratio of 4:1. In part due to the complex etiology of ASD including genetic and environmental interplay, there are currently no available medical therapies to improve the social deficits of ASD. Studies in rodent models and humans have shown promising therapeutic effects of oxytocin in modulating social adaptation. One pharmacological approach to stimulating oxytocinergic activity is the melanocortin receptor 4 agonist Melanotan-II (MT-II). Notably the effects of oxytocin on environmental rodent autism models has not been investigated to date. We used a maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of autism to assess the therapeutic potential of MT-II on autism-like features in adult male mice. The male MIA mice exhibited autism-like features including impaired social behavioral metrics, diminished vocal communication, and increased repetitive behaviors. Continuous administration of MT-II to male MIA mice over a seven-day course resulted in rescue of social behavioral metrics. Normal background C57 male mice treated with MT-II showed no significant alteration in social behavioral metrics. Additionally, there was no change in anxiety-like or repetitive behaviors following MT-II treatment of normal C57 mice, though there was significant weight loss following subacute treatment. These data demonstrate MT-II as an effective agent for improving autism-like behavioral deficits in the adult male MIA mouse model of autism.

Regulation of kindling epileptogenesis by hippocampal Toll-like receptors 2

This study examined whether Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) contribute to rapid kindling epileptogenesis. A TLR2 agonist, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), LTA antibody (LTA-A), or normal saline (control) was administered daily over 3 consecutive days, unilaterally into ventral hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats. Thirty minutes after the last injection, the animals were subjected to a rapid kindling procedure. The ictogenesis was gauged by comparing afterdischarge threshold (ADT) and afterdischarge duration (ADD) before the treatments, after the treatments prior to kindling, and 24 h after kindling. Kindling progression and retention were analyzed using video recording. The results showed that before kindling, LTA produced an ADT reduction. Neither LTA nor LTA-A affected baseline ADD. On kindling progression, LTA accelerated occurrence of generalized seizures, whereas LTA-A delayed this effect. Treatment with LTA-A reduced the number of secondary generalized complex partial seizures. Twenty-four hours after kindling, the rats of both the saline and LTA groups showed increased hippocampal excitability as compared with prekindling parameters. Administration of LTA-A prevented kindling-induced increase of hippocampal excitability. Immunostaining revealed that LTA-A attenuated the inflammatory response produced by seizures. These findings suggest that the activation of TLR2 in the hippocampus may facilitate limbic epileptogenesis.

Cord blood NK cells engineered to express IL-15 and a CD19-targeted CAR show long-term persistence and potent antitumor activity

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been used to redirect the specificity of autologous T cells against leukemia and lymphoma with promising clinical results. Extending this approach to allogeneic T cells is problematic as they carry a significant risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Natural killer (NK) cells are highly cytotoxic effectors, killing their targets in a non-antigen-specific manner without causing GVHD. Cord blood (CB) offers an attractive, allogeneic, off-the-self source of NK cells for immunotherapy. We transduced CB-derived NK cells with a retroviral vector incorporating the genes for CAR-CD19, IL-15 and inducible caspase-9-based suicide gene (iC9), and demonstrated efficient killing of CD19-expressing cell lines and primary leukemia cells in vitro, with marked prolongation of survival in a xenograft Raji lymphoma murine model. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) production by the transduced CB-NK cells critically improved their function. Moreover, iC9/CAR.19/IL-15 CB-NK cells were readily eliminated upon pharmacologic activation of the iC9 suicide gene. In conclusion, we have developed a novel approach to immunotherapy using engineered CB-derived NK cells, which are easy to produce, exhibit striking efficacy and incorporate safety measures to limit toxicity. This approach should greatly improve the logistics of delivering this therapy to large numbers of patients, a major limitation to current CAR-T-cell therapies.

Developing and validating a new national remote health advice syndromic surveillance system in England

Background

Public Health England (PHE) coordinates a suite of real-time national syndromic surveillance systems monitoring general practice, emergency department and remote health advice data. We describe the development and informal evaluation of a new syndromic surveillance system using NHS 111 remote health advice data.

Methods

NHS 111 syndromic indicators were monitored daily at national and local level. Statistical models were applied to daily data to identify significant exceedances; statistical baselines were developed for each syndrome and area using a multi-level hierarchical mixed effects model.

Results

Between November 2013 and October 2014, there were on average 19 095 NHS 111 calls each weekday and 43 084 each weekend day in the PHE dataset. There was a predominance of females using the service (57%); highest percentage of calls received was in the age group 1-4 years (14%). This system was used to monitor respiratory and gastrointestinal infections over the winter of 2013-14, the potential public health impact of severe flooding across parts of southern England and poor air quality episodes across England in April 2014.

Conclusions

This new system complements and supplements the existing PHE syndromic surveillance systems and is now integrated into the routine daily processes that form this national syndromic surveillance service.

Cows Milk Allergy: A Cohort of Patients from a University Hospital

The study illustrates advantages of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy, a new service started at St. Lukes General Hospital in patient care since April 2014. Retrospective review of Bronchoscopies and referrals to Tertiary care unit for Bronchoscopy, prior and after initiation of service at St. Lukes Hospital were studied. Total 106 procedures were performed out of which 103(98%) were for diagnostic purpose. Common Indications for bronchoscopy were functional airway assessment in 38 cases (35%) of chronic cough, 26 cases (24.8%) of suspected Malignancy. The average time taken for procedure was 15 + 1 minute with overall rate of complication recorded in 1 case (0.95%). 32(30%) inpatients were referred before Bronchoscopy services were started locally.15(14%) patients were referred for Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) after diagnostic procedure performed at St. Lukes Hospital. To conclude, Bronchoscopy is a safe procedure used for diagnosis of various Lung conditions. The services offered locally reduced the time and cost involved in referrals. The diagnostic Bronchoscopies performed for Malignancy at St. Lukes Hospital have rightly increased references for EBUS at Tertiary care Unit.

Infection and pathology in Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus, (Bloch), caused by exposure to Streptococcus agalactiae via different routes

Since 2007, 96 wild Queensland groupers, Epinephelus lanceolatus, (Bloch), have been found dead in NE Australia. In some cases, Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) was isolated. At present, a GBS isolate from a wild grouper case was employed in experimental challenge trials in hatchery-reared Queensland grouper by different routes of exposure. Injection resulted in rapid development of clinical signs including bilateral exophthalmia, hyperaemic skin or fins and abnormal swimming. Death occurred in, and GBS was re-isolated from, 98% fish injected and was detected by PCR in brain, head kidney and spleen from all fish, regardless of challenge dose. Challenge by immersion resulted in lower morbidity with a clear dose response. Whilst infection was established via oral challenge by admixture with feed, no mortality occurred. Histology showed pathology consistent with GBS infection in organs examined from all injected fish, from fish challenged with medium and high doses by immersion, and from high-dose oral challenge. These experimental challenges demonstrated that GBS isolated from wild Queensland grouper reproduced disease in experimentally challenged fish and resulted in pathology that was consistent with that seen in wild Queensland grouper infected with S. agalactiae.

Excess mortality among the elderly in European countries, December 2014 to February 2015

Since December 2014 and up to February 2015, the weekly number of excess deaths from all-causes among individuals?≥?65 years of age in 14 European countries have been significantly higher than in the four previous winter seasons. The rise in unspecified excess mortality coincides with increased proportion of influenza detection in the European influenza surveillance schemes with a main predominance of influenza A(H3N2) viruses seen throughout Europe in the current season, though cold snaps and other respiratory infections may also have had an effect.

Is being mindful associated with reduced risk for internally-motivated drinking and alcohol use among undergraduates?

Mindfulness encompasses four core skills: observing, describing, acting with awareness, and accepting without judgment; which aim to increase one's awareness, tolerance, and acceptance of internal experiences (Baer et al., 2004). Despite promising clinical results that mindfulness reduces alcohol craving and relapse, complementary etiological research is underdeveloped. Theory suggests that those who are motivated to drink to change internal states (reduce negative/increase positive affect) are at risk for elevated alcohol use. The ability to accept one's affective state should preclude internally-motivated drinking, and thus, elevated alcohol use. The purpose of this study was to parse out which mindfulness skills are central to alcohol use. We hypothesized that accepting without judgment would be a unique negative predictor of internally-motivated drinking (drinking for coping and enhancement motives) and alcohol use. Students (N=76) completed self-report measures of past month alcohol use and four motives for drinking: to cope, for enhancement, to conform, and for social reasons. Partially supporting our hypotheses, accepting without judgment was negatively associated with drinking for coping motives, but was unassociated with drinking for enhancement motives. Interestingly, acceptance without judgment was negatively associated with drinking for conformity motives (to reduce social rejection). Unexpectedly, acting with awareness, but not accepting without judgment, was a negative predictor of alcohol use. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing coping- and conformity-motivated drinking and alcohol use by young adults may benefit from incorporating mindfulness skills training (i.e., accepting without judgment; acting with awareness).

Temporospatial fate of bacteria and immune effector expression in house flies fed GFP-Escherichia coli O157:H7

The house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) harbours and transmits a variety of human enteropathogens including Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) O157:H7. Interactions between ingested bacteria and the fly gut directly impact bacterial persistence, survival and ultimately fly vector competence. We assessed the temporospatial fate of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing E. coli O157:H7 (GFP-ECO157) in house flies along with fly antimicrobial responses up to 12 h post-ingestion. In flies fed GFP-ECO157, culture and microscopy revealed a steady decrease in bacterial load over 12 h, which is likely to be attributable to the combined effects of immobilization within the peritrophic matrix, lysis and peristaltic excretion. However, flies can putatively transmit this pathogen in excreta because intact bacteria were observed in the crop and rectum. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lysozyme gene expression showed minimal upregulation in both the gut and carcass of house flies fed GFP-ECO157. However, these genes were upregulated in fly heads and salivary glands, and effector proteins were detected in the gut in some flies. Collectively, these data indicate that house flies can serve as reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 for up to 12 h, and factors in addition to AMPs and lysozyme may contribute to bacteria destruction in the gut.

Burden of influenza B virus infections in Scotland in 2012/13 and epidemiological investigations between 2000 and 2012

We describe the burden of influenza B infections in Scotland during a 13-year study period. Influenza A and B viruses cocirculated throughout the period, with numbers of influenza B cases approaching or exceeding those of influenza A during six influenza seasons. Influenza B viruses of both Victoria and Yamagata lineage were detected in two of six seasons investigated. For the 2012/13 season, influenza B accounted for 44.4% of all influenzas, with the highest incidence in those under the age of five years. Influenza B virus infections led to fewer admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) and a lower mortality rate than influenza A (37 vs 81 ICU admissions and three vs 29 deaths) during the 2012/13 season. However, a quarter of those admitted to ICU with influenza B had not been immunised and 60% had not received specific influenza antiviral therapy. This highlights the need for consistent influenza vaccination and prompt usage of antiviral treatment for identified risk groups. Combining the newly introduced vaccination programme for children with the use of a tetravalent vaccine may provide the opportunity to improve the control of influenza B in those with the highest influenza B burden, children and young adolescents.

Increase in scarlet fever notifications in the United Kingdom, 2013/2014

Increases in scarlet fever above usual seasonal levels are currently being seen across the United Kingdom. Medical practitioners have been alerted to the exceptional increase in incidence. Given the potential for this to signal a population increase in invasive group A streptococcal disease, close monitoring of invasive disease is essential.

Abstract P2-09-16: Pre-clinical evaluation of novel anti-angiogenic agents as breast cancer therapeutics

Background

There is a need to develop novel drugs that will improve survival in breast cancer patients. Angiogenesis is essential for breast tumour progression. To date, the most promising approach to inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer patients has been the drug bevacizumab which targets the pro-angiogenic factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Recently, there has been controversy regarding the efficacy of bevacizumab for breast cancer treatment. In clinical trials, bevacizumab failed to establish an overall-survival benefit and was associated with serious toxicities. This resulted in the FDA revoking approval for the drug for the first line treatment of advanced breast cancer. Due to this uncertainty surrounding the efficacy of bevacizumab for the treatment of breast cancer it is clear that there is a clinical need for more effective novel anti-angiogenic drugs with better toxicity profiles for the treatment of breast cancer.

Aim

This study aimed to identify novel small-molecule anti-angiogenic agents with therapeutic potential in human breast cancer.

Methods

Compounds with physiochemical properties consistent with drug-like compounds were screened for anti-angiogenic activity by high-throughput screening involving zebrafish larvae. Human breast tumour explants were treated with the lead compound and secretion of angiogenic factors was assessed by ELISA.

Results

We have identified a novel small-molecule agent ‘SMG1’ that significantly inhibited inter-segmental blood-vessel development in zebrafish and showed no toxicity. Treatment of breast tumour explants with SMG1 significantly inhibited secretion of the potent pro-angiogenic cytokine VEGF (p = 0.01). Furthermore, SMG1 inhibited VEGF secretion more than the standard targeted breast cancer therapies tamoxifen and Herceptin® which have been reported to inhibit angiogenesis.

Conclusion

Continuing pre-clinical work will determine if SMG1 has potential as a therapeutic agent for human breast cancer.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-09-16.

Automated mortality monitoring in Scotland from 2009

Mortality monitoring systems are important for gauging the effect of influenza and other wide ranging health threats. We present the daily all-cause mortality monitoring system routinely used in Scotland, which differs from others by using two different statistical models for calculating expected mortality. The first model is an extended Serfling model, which captures annual seasonality in mortality using sine and cosine terms, and is frequently seen in other systems. Serfling models fit to summer seasonality well, but not to the winter peak. Thus, during the winter, there are frequent 'excesses', higher than expected mortality, making it harder to directly judge if winter mortality is higher than in previous years. The second model, a Generalised Additive Model, resolves this by allowing a more flexible seasonal pattern that includes the winter peak. Thus, excesses under the second model directly indicate if winter mortality is higher than in previous years, useful, for example, in judging if a new strain of seasonal influenza is more likely to produce death than previous ones. As common in all-cause mortality monitoring systems, the Scottish system uses a reporting delay correction: we discuss the difficulties of interpretation when such a correction is used and possible avenues for future work that may address these difficulties.

Automated mortality monitoring in Scotland from 2009

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

Oscillation spectrum of a magnetized strongly coupled one-component plasma

A first-principles study of the collective oscillation spectrum of a strongly correlated one-component plasma in a strong magnetic field is presented. The spectrum consists of six fundamental modes that are found to be in good agreement with results from the quasilocalized charge approximation. At high frequencies, additional modes are observed that include Bernstein-type oscillations and their transverse counterparts, which are of importance for the high-frequency optical and transport properties of these plasmas.

Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia

Ninety-three giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), were found dead in Queensland, Australia, from 2007 to 2011. Most dead fish occurred in northern Queensland, with a peak of mortalities in Cairns in June 2008. In 2009, sick wild fish including giant sea catfish, Arius thalassinus (Rüppell), and javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier), also occurred in Cairns. In 2009 and 2010, two disease epizootics involving wild stingrays occurred at Sea World marine aquarium. Necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology and PCR determined that the cause of deaths of 12 giant Queensland grouper, three wild fish, six estuary rays, Dasyatis fluviorum (Ogilby), one mangrove whipray, Himantura granulata (Macleay), and one eastern shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata (Shaw), was Streptococcus agalactiae septicaemia. Biochemical testing of 34 S. agalactiae isolates from giant Queensland grouper, wild fish and stingrays showed all had identical biochemical profiles. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates confirmed all isolates were S. agalactiae; genotyping of selected S. agalactiae isolates showed the isolates from giant Queensland grouper were serotype Ib, whereas isolates from wild fish and stingrays closely resembled serotype II. This is the first report of S. agalactiae from wild giant Queensland grouper and other wild tropical fish and stingray species in Queensland, Australia.

Continued emergence and changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, United Kingdom, winter 2010/11

During the winter period 2010/11 27 epidemiologically unlinked, confirmed cases of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus infection have been detected in multiple, geographically dispersed settings. Three of these cases were in community settings, with no known exposure to oseltamivir. This suggests possible onward transmission of resistant strains and could be an indication of a possibility of changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus.

Continued emergence and changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, United Kingdom, winter 2010/11

During the winter period 2010/11 27 epidemiologically unlinked, confirmed cases of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus infection have been detected in multiple, geographically dispersed settings. Three of these cases were in community settings, with no known exposure to oseltamivir. This suggests possible onward transmission of resistant strains and could be an indication of a possibility of changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus.

A model for rewarding professional growth in the diagnostic molecular oncology laboratory

The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine is committed to the endless pursuit of innovative research, education, training and administration for the prevention, diagnosis and clinical management of cancer and associated diseases. The molecular genetic technology professional development model promotes personal development, recognizes increased competencies, and sets high standards for all skills and services provided. There are four competency levels that comprise our Professional Development Model (PDM): Discovery, Application, Maturation, and Expert. The skill, knowledge, education, and certification requirements for each level are defined based on the business needs of each lab. When a genetic technologist successfully completes all skills, knowledge, proficiency, education and certification requirements within the appropriate time frame for a particular competency level, his/her salary would be adjusted to the entry point for the competency level he/she has completed.

Simulation for teaching normal delivery and shoulder dystocia to midwives in training

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE

The cognitive impact of using simulation sessions in midwifery training has not been the subject of previous research. The aim of this study was to compare the effect on students' knowledge of a simulation session versus an image-based lecture, for teaching routine management of normal delivery and resolution of shoulder dystocia to midwives in training.

METHODS

Sixty students were enrolled three weeks after a "labour and delivery" class, and randomly assigned to two groups. Ten were subsequently excluded as they were not able to attend the whole session and/or did not complete the tests. In the simulation group (n=26), students were divided into pairs and attended a 30-minute hands-on session in the simulation centre. In the lecture group (n=24), students participated in a 30-minute image-based interactive lecture. A ten-question multiple-choice test was taken before (pre-test) and after (post-test) both sessions, to evaluate students' knowledge of labour and delivery and shoulder dystocia. Learner satisfaction was evaluated by adding a six question Likert scale questionnaire to the post-test. Independent t-test, paired samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis, setting significance at p<0.05.

RESULTS

The simulation group showed a significantly higher mean post-test score (6.38 vs. 5.16; p=0.003) and a significantly greater inter-test score progression (p<0.0001). Overall learner satisfaction was also higher in this group (p=0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

A significantly higher short-term reinforcement of knowledge and greater learner satisfaction was obtained using simulation sessions compared to image-based lectures when teaching routine management of normal delivery and resolution of shoulder dystocia to midwives in training.