1
|
Liu B, Bukhari I, Li F, Ren F, Xia X, Hu B, Liu H, Meyer TF, Marshall BJ, Tay A, Fu Y, Wu W, Tang Y, Mi Y, Zheng PY. Enhanced LRP8 expression induced by Helicobacter pylori drives gastric cancer progression by facilitating β-Catenin nuclear translocation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00131-0. [PMID: 38609049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been associated with gastric carcinogenesis. However, the precise involvement of LRP8, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, in H. pylori pathogenesis and gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential role of LRP8 in H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS Three-dimensional human-derived gastric organoids (hGO) and gastric cancer organoids (hGCO) were synthesized from the tissues obtained from human donors. In this work, multi-omics combined with in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to investigate the potential involvement of LRP8 in H. pylori-induced GC. RESULTS We found that H. pylori infection significantly upregulated the expression of LRP8 in human GC tissues, cells, organoids, and mouse gastric mucous. In particular, LRP8 exhibited a distinct enrichment in cancer stem cells (CSC). Functionally, silencing of LRP8 affected the formation and proliferation of tumor spheroids, while increased expression of LRP8 was associated with increased proliferation and stemness of GC cells and organoids. Mechanistically, LRP8 promotes the binding of E-cadherin to β-catenin, thereby promoting nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Furthermore, LRP8 interacts with the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) to form the CagA/LRP8/β-catenin complex. This complex further amplifies H. pylori-induced β-catenin nuclear translocation, leading to increased transcription of inflammatory factors and CSC markers. Clinical analysis demonstrated that abnormal overexpression of LRP8 is correlated with a poor prognosis and resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in patients with GC. CONCLUSION Our findings provide valuable information on the molecular intricacies of H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis, offering potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fazhan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Baitong Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Yuming Fu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Peng-Yuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori and Digestive Tract Microecology, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Li Z, Tay CY, Marshall BJ, Gu B. Multicentre, cross-sectional surveillance of Helicobacter pylori prevalence and antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin in urban China using the string test coupled with quantitative PCR. Lancet Microbe 2024:S2666-5247(24)00027-2. [PMID: 38437848 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zhengkang Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang JW, Li F, Liu X, Wang JT, Xiong XS, Lu XY, Zhang XY, Si YT, Umar Z, Tay ACY, Marshall BJ, Yang WX, Gu B, Wang L. Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Human Gastric Fluid Through Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Coupled With Machine Learning Algorithms. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100310. [PMID: 38135155 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection include, but are not limited to, urea breath test, serum antibody test, fecal antigen test, and rapid urease test. However, these methods suffer drawbacks such as low accuracy, high false-positive rate, complex operations, invasiveness, etc. Therefore, there is a need to develop simple, rapid, and noninvasive detection methods for H. pylori diagnosis. In this study, we propose a novel technique for accurately detecting H. pylori infection through machine learning analysis of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of gastric fluid samples that were noninvasively collected from human stomachs via the string test. One hundred participants were recruited to collect gastric fluid samples noninvasively. Therefore, 12,000 SERS spectra (n = 120 spectra/participant) were generated for building machine learning models evaluated by standard metrics in model performance assessment. According to the results, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm exhibited the best prediction capacity and time efficiency (accuracy = 99.54% and time = 2.61 seconds). Moreover, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine model was blindly tested on 2,000 SERS spectra collected from 100 participants with unknown H. pylori infection status, achieving a prediction accuracy of 82.15% compared with qPCR results. This novel technique is simple and rapid in diagnosing H. pylori infection, potentially complementing current H. pylori diagnostic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Tang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Yangzhou University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huaian, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Yangzhou University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huaian, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Yangzhou University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huaian, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Lu
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Si
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zeeshan Umar
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China; Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei-Xuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Yangzhou University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huaian, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang X, Wang P, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen profiles of Helicobacter pylori strains from Southwest China. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 37993791 PMCID: PMC10664510 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures vary among strains of different geographic origin. The aim of this study was to characterize the LPS O-antigen profiles of H. pylori strains isolated from Southwest China, and to further analyze the association of Lewis antigen expression with clinical outcomes and antibiotic resistance. RESULTS A total of 71 H. pylori isolates from Southwest China were included for LPS profiling by silver staining and Western blotting after SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. We demonstrated that all the clinical isolates had the conserved lipid A and core-oligosaccharide, whereas the O-antigen domains varied significantly among the isolates. Compared with the common presence of the glucan/heptan moiety in LPS O-antigen structure of European strains, the clinical isolates in this study appeared to lack the glucan/heptan moiety. The expression frequency of Lex, Ley, Lea, and Leb was 66.2% (47/71), 84.5% (60/71), 56.3% (40/71), and 31.0% (22/71), respectively. In total, the expression of type II Lex and/or Ley was observed in 69 (97.2%) isolates, while type I Lea and/or Leb were expressed in 49 (69.0%) isolates. No association of Lewis antigen expression with clinical outcomes or with antibiotic resistance was observed. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori strains from Southwest China tend to produce heptan-deficient LPS and are more likely to express type I Lewis antigens as compared with Western strains. This may suggest that H. pylori evolves to change its LPS structure for adaptation to different hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharafutdinov I, Tegtmeyer N, Linz B, Rohde M, Vieth M, Tay ACY, Lamichhane B, Tuan VP, Fauzia KA, Sticht H, Yamaoka Y, Marshall BJ, Backert S. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric cancer development. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1345-1358.e6. [PMID: 37490912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various human genes are key factors in carcinogenesis. However, whether SNPs in bacterial pathogens are similarly crucial in cancer development is unknown. Here, we analyzed 1,043 genomes of the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori and pinpointed a SNP in the serine protease HtrA (position serine/leucine 171) that significantly correlates with gastric cancer. Our functional studies reveal that the 171S-to-171L mutation triggers HtrA trimer formation and enhances proteolytic activity and cleavage of epithelial junction proteins occludin and tumor-suppressor E-cadherin. 171L-type HtrA, but not 171S-HtrA-possessing H. pylori, inflicts severe epithelial damage, enhances injection of oncoprotein CagA into epithelial cells, increases NF-κB-mediated inflammation and cell proliferation through nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and promotes host DNA double-strand breaks, collectively triggering malignant changes. These findings highlight the 171S/L HtrA mutation as a unique bacterial cancer-associated SNP and as a potential biomarker for risk predictions in H. pylori infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bodo Linz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alfred Chin-Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Department of Endoscopy, Choray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia; University of Western Australia, Marshall Centre, M504, Crawley, WA, Australia; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Lai JX, Si YT, Cui XX, Umar Z, Ru XJ, Zhang XY, Li ZK, Tay ACY, Marshall BJ, Li GH, Gu B. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)-Based Rapid Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Antibiotic Resistance. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37578257 DOI: 10.3791/65689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that infects approximately half of the global population and is becoming a serious health threat due to its increasing antibiotic resistance. It is the causative agent of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer and has been classified as a Group I Carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Therefore, the rapid and accurate diagnosis of H. pylori and the determination of its antibiotic resistance are important for the efficient eradication of this bacterial pathogen. Currently, H. pylori diagnosis methods mainly include the urea breath test (UBT), the antigen test, the serum antibody test, gastroscopy, the rapid urease test (RUT), and bacterial culture. Among them, the first three detection methods are noninvasive, meaning they are easy tests to conduct. However, bacteria cannot be retrieved through these techniques; thus, drug resistance testing cannot be performed. The last three are invasive examinations, but they are costly, require high skills, and have the potential to cause damage to patients. Therefore, a noninvasive, rapid, and simultaneous method for H. pylori detection and drug resistance testing is very important for efficiently eradicating H. pylori in clinical practice. This protocol aims to present a specific procedure involving the string test in combination with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the rapid detection of H. pylori infection and antibiotic resistance. Unlike bacterial cultures, this method allows for easy, rapid, noninvasive diagnosis of H. pylori infection status and drug resistance. Specifically, we used qPCR to detect rea for H. pylori infection and mutations in the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes, which encode resistance against clarithromycin and levofloxacin, respectively. Compared to routinely used culturing techniques, this protocol provides a noninvasive, low-cost, and time-saving technique to detect H. pylori infection and determine its antibiotic resistance using qPCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University; Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia; Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University;
| | - Jin-Xin Lai
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
| | - Yu-Ting Si
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University; Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Xu-Xia Cui
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University; Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Zeeshan Umar
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University
| | - Xiao-Jun Ru
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
| | - Zheng-Kang Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University; The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia; Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University; Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University; The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia; Marshall International Digestive Diseases Hospital, Zhengzhou University; Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Guang-Hua Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University;
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang X, Yang T, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Roles of Lipopolysaccharide Glycosyltransferases in Maintenance of Helicobacter pylori Morphology, Cell Wall Permeability, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11381. [PMID: 37511140 PMCID: PMC10379358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has a unique lipopolysaccharide structure that is essential in maintaining its cell envelope integrity and imbues the bacterium with natural resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Our group has recently elucidated the complete set of LPS glycosyltransferase genes in H. pylori reference strain G27. Here, with a series of eight systematically constructed LPS glycosyltransferase gene mutants (G27ΔHP1578, G27ΔHP1283, G27ΔHP0159, G27ΔHP0479, G27ΔHP0102, G27ΔwecA, G27ΔHP1284 and G27ΔHP1191), we investigated the roles of H. pylori LPS glycosyltransferases in maintaining cell morphology, cell wall permeability, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. We demonstrated that deletion of these LPS glycosyltransferase genes did not interfere with bacterial cell wall permeability, but resulted in significant morphological changes (coccoid, coiled "c"-shape, and irregular shapes) after 48 h growth as compared to the rod-like cell shape of the wild-type strain. Moreover, as compared with the wild-type, none of the LPS mutants had altered susceptibility against clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole. However, the deletion of the conserved LPS glycosyltransferases, especially the O-antigen-initiating enzyme WecA, displayed a dramatic increase in susceptibility to the CAMP polymyxin B and rifampicin. Taken together, our findings suggest that the LPS glycosyltransferases play critical roles in the maintenance of the typical spiral morphology of H. pylori, as well as resistance to CAMPs and rifampicin. The LPS glycosyltransferases could be promising targets for developing novel anti-H. pylori drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han X, Yu X, Gao X, Wang X, Tay CY, Wei X, Lai B, Marshall BJ, Zhang X, Chua EG. Quantitative PCR of string-test collected gastric material: A feasible approach to detect Helicobacter pylori and its resistance against clarithromycin and levofloxacin for susceptibility-guided therapy. Helicobacter 2023:e12985. [PMID: 37066609 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the reduced eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), we introduced string-test and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for susceptibility-guided therapy innovatively. The practicality of the string test was evaluated. METHODS It was an open-label, non-randomized, parallel, single-center study, in which subjects tested by 13 C- urea breath test (UBT) and string-qPCR were enrolled. Based on the results of string-qPCR, we calculated clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance rates and gave 13 C-UBT positive patients 14 days susceptibility-guided bismuth quadruple therapy. In the empirical therapy group, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment results of 13 C-UBT positive patients also treated with bismuth quadruple at Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital from January 2021 to May 2022. The eradication rate was compared between susceptibility-guided therapy and empirical therapy groups. RESULTS The diagnosis of H. pylori infection using the string-qPCR had an overall concordance rate of 95.9% with the 13 C-UBT results. Based on the results of string-qPCR, the clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance rates were 26.1% and 31.8%, respectively. The patients who were given 14 days susceptibility-guided bismuth-based quadruple therapy achieved a high H. pylori eradication rate of 91.8%. Retrospective analysis of patient treatment data from January 2021 to May 2022 available in the hospital database revealed an overall success rate of 82.3% for those who received empirical bismuth-based quadruple therapies, which is marginally significantly lower than that of the string-qPCR susceptibility-guided group (p = 0.084). CONCLUSION The high treatment success rate of 91.8% indicates that the string-qPCR test is a valuable and feasible approach for clinical practice to help improve H. pylori treatment success rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Xiqiu Yu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaolan Wei
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Lai
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang X, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Reassessment of the Broth Microdilution Method for Susceptibility Testing of Helicobacter pylori. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:S486-S492. [PMID: 36478248 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is an infectious disease and thus the eradication treatment should be guided by susceptibility testing. This study aimed to assess the applicability of broth microdilution as a routine susceptibility testing method for H. pylori. METHODS Susceptibility profiles of clarithromycin (CLR) and levofloxacin (LEV) resistance in 76 clinical H. pylori isolates were simultaneously assessed using agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. The correlation between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) obtained by the 2 methods was assessed by means of linear regression analysis. RESULTS The correlation between the MICs determined by broth microdilution method and agar dilution method was good for both CLR (r = 0.966) and LEV (r = 0.959). The susceptibility agreement between the 2 methods was 100% for CLR and 96.1% for LEV. Using the broth microdilution method, the false resistance was found in 3.9% (3 of 76) strains for LEV susceptibility testing. No false susceptibility was found for either CLR or LEV, and no false resistance was found for susceptibility testing of CLR. CONCLUSIONS The broth microdilution method is suitable for routine susceptibility testing of clinical H. pylori isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang X, Wang Z, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:196. [PMID: 35964011 PMCID: PMC9375320 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic susceptibility in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China is not determined. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of H. pylori isolates there. RESULTS A total of 153 (38.5%) H. pylori strains were successfully isolated from 397 patients in People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The overall resistance rates were as follows: clarithromycin (27.4%), levofloxacin (31.3%), metronidazole (86.2%), amoxicillin (15.6%), tetracycline (0%), furazolidone (0.6%), and rifampicin (73.2%). Only 2.0% of H. pylori isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials, with mono resistance, dual resistance, triple resistance, quadruple resistance, and quintuple resistance being 18.3%, 44.4%, 18.3%, 12.4%, and 4.6%, respectively. The resistance rates to levofloxacin (40.5%) and amoxicillin (21.5%) in strains isolated from female patients were significantly higher than those from male patients (21.6% and 9.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates high H. pylori resistance rates to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, and rifampicin, whereas moderate resistance to amoxicillin, and negligible resistant to tetracycline, and furazolidone in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The high resistance to rifampicin warns further investigation of its derivative, rifabutin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Lhasa, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang N, Testa A, Marshall BJ. Development of a bowel sound detector adapted to demonstrate the effect of food intake. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:1. [PMID: 34983542 PMCID: PMC8729116 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Bowel sounds (BS) carry useful information about gastrointestinal condition and feeding status. Interest in computerized bowel sound-based analysis has grown recently and techniques have evolved rapidly. An important first step for these analyses is to extract BS segments, whilst neglecting silent periods. The purpose of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network-based BS detector able to detect all types of BS with accurate time stamps, and to investigate the effect of food consumption on some acoustic features of BS with the proposed detector. Results Audio recordings from 40 volunteers were collected and a BS dataset consisting of 6700 manually labelled segments was generated for training and testing the proposed BS detector. The detector attained 91.06% and 90.78% accuracy for the validation dataset and across-subject test dataset, respectively, with a well-balanced sensitivity and specificity. The detection rates evaluated on different BS types were also satisfactory. Four acoustic features were evaluated to investigate the food effect. The total duration and spectral bandwidth of BS showed significant differences before and after food consumption, while no significant difference was observed in mean-crossing rate values. Conclusion We demonstrated that the proposed BS detector is effective in detecting all types of BS, and providing an accurate time stamp for each BS. The characteristics of BS types and the effect on detection accuracy is discussed. The proposed detector could have clinical application for post-operative ileus prognosis, and monitoring of food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.
| | - Alison Testa
- Noisy Guts Pty Ltd, Level 2, L-block, QEII Medical Site, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang S, Wang X, Wise MJ, He Y, Chen H, Liu A, Huang H, Young S, Tay CY, Marshall BJ, Li X, Chua EG. Mutations of Helicobacter pylori RdxA are mainly related to the phylogenetic origin of the strain and not to metronidazole resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:3152-3155. [PMID: 32676634 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is a major clinical problem worldwide. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant H. pylori in the city of Shenzhen in China, as well as to identify the genetic mutations specifically associated with drug resistance rather than unrelated phylogenetic signals. METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 238 clinical strains successfully isolated from H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology in Shenzhen People's Second Hospital. Following WGS of all strains using Illumina technology, mutation and phylogenetic analyses were performed. RESULTS The resistance rates were 84.9%, 35.3%, 25.2% and 2.1% for metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin, respectively. An A2143G conversion in the 23S rRNA gene was the primary mutation observed in clarithromycin-resistant strains, whilst N87K/I and D91G/N/Y in GyrA were detected in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. In RdxA, our results demonstrated that only R16H/C and M21A are significant contributors to metronidazole resistance; there were 15 other sites, but these are phylogenetically related and thus unrelated to metronidazole resistance. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of metronidazole, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance and a low prevalence of rifampicin resistance in H. pylori from Shenzhen, China. Omission of phylogenetically related sites will help to improve identification of sites genuinely related to antibiotic resistance in H. pylori and, we believe, other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen People's Second Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Michael J Wise
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.,The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Yongsheng He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China
| | - Haiting Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China
| | - Sylvia Young
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Xuehong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518119, China
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Zhang S, Chua EG, He Y, Li X, Liu A, Chen H, Wise MJ, Marshall BJ, Sun D, Li X, Tay CY. A re-testing range is recommended for 13C- and 14C-urea breath tests for Helicobacter pylori infection in China. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:38. [PMID: 34118962 PMCID: PMC8199820 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The urea breath test (UBT) is widely used for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection. In the Shenzhen Kuichong People’s Hospital, some UBT findings were contradictory to the histology outcomes, therefore this study aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of both 13C- and 14C-UBT assays. Methods We recruited 484 H. pylori-treatment naïve patients, among which 217 and 267 were tested by the 13C-UBT or 14C-UBT, respectively. The cutoff value for H. pylori positivity based on manufacturer’s instruction was 4% delta over baseline (DOB) for the 13C-UBT, and 100 disintegrations per minute (DPM) for the 14C-UBT. Gastric biopsies of the antrum and corpus were obtained during endoscopy for histopathology. Results In patients who were tested using the 13C-UBT kit, histopathology was positive in 136 out of 164 UBT-positive patients (82.9% concordance), and negative in 46 out of 53 UBT-negative cases (86.8% concordance). For the 14C-UBT-tested patients, histopathology was positive for H. pylori in 186 out of 220 UBT-positive patients (84.5% concordance), and negative in 41 out of 47 UBT-negative cases (87.2% concordance). While the 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT each had a high sensitivity level of 95.1% and 96.9%, respectively, their specificity was low, at 62.2% and 54.7%, respectively. By using new optimal cutoff values and including an indeterminate range (3–10.3% DOB for 13C-UBT and 87–237 DPM for 14C-UBT), the specificity values can be improved to 76.7% and 76.9% for the 13C- and 14C-UBT, respectively. Conclusions The establishment of an indeterminate range is recommended to allow for repeated testing to confirm H. pylori infection, and thereby avoiding unnecessary antibiotic treatment. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000041570. Registered 29 December 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=66416&htm=4 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00435-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yongsheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Haiting Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Michael J Wise
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Dayong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xuehong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marshall BJ. COVID-19 has triggered a new century of vaccination and infection control for the benefit of all mankind. Precision Clinical Medicine 2021; 4:77-79. [PMID: 35694151 PMCID: PMC8222861 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tay A, Wise MJ, Marshall BJ. Helicobacteriology update. Microbiol Aust 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ma21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonises the gastric mucosa and is associated with various gastric diseases, including stomach cancer. At least 1 million new cases of stomach cancer cases are reported annually, and it is the fifth top cancer-killer in the world. Although H. pylori can be eradicated by a combination of antibiotics, the treatment success rate is declining due to the rise of antibiotic resistance. The same antibiotic combination must not be prescribed repeatedly. Susceptibility guided precision medicine is the most effective strategy to combat antibiotic resistant H. pylori cases. In addition, maintaining a stomach pH ≥6 during the antibiotic treatment is an important factor to increase cure rates. The new type of acid blocker, P-CABs, have shown promising results in H. pylori treatment. Natural products may suppress the H. pylori growth or relieve the symptoms but have not been successful in solving the root of the problem. New combination therapies show promise and the dream of 100% cure of the infection with minimal side effects from treatment seems achievable. The next decade will see combination therapies with newer acid blockers in widespread use at reasonable cost.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tang X, Chen X, Shen Y, Yang T, Hu R, Debowski AW, Stubbs KA, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Li H, Tang H. Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori among a Chinese Tibetan population. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1353-1361. [PMID: 32900223 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the primary antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from a Chinese Tibetan population. Methods & materials: Gastric biopsies from 400 H. pylori treatment-naive Tibetan patients were collected for H. pylori isolation. Susceptibility to amoxicillin (AML)/clarithromycin (CLR)/levofloxacin (LEV)/metronidazole (MTZ)/tetracycline (TET)/rifampicin (RIF)/furazolidone (FZD) was determined by E-test or a disk diffusion assay. Results: Biopsies from 117 patients were H. pylori culture positive (29.3%). The primary resistance rates to MTZ, CLR, LEV, RIF, AML, TET and FZD were 90.6, 44.4, 28.2, 69.2, 7.7, 0.8 and 0.8%, respectively. Interestingly, 42.7% of the strains had simultaneous resistance to CLR and MTZ. Conclusion: Among Tibetan strains, primary resistance rates were high for CLR/MTZ/LEV, whereas primary resistance rates to AML/TET/FZD were low. The high resistance to RIF is a concerning finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Renwei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, 6009, Australia.,School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu J, Wang X, Chua EG, He Y, Shu Q, Zeng L, Luo S, Marshall BJ, Liu A, Tay CY. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among children in Kuichong Subdistrict of Shenzhen City, China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8878. [PMID: 32280567 PMCID: PMC7134012 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection is a significant burden to the public health in China as it can lead to various gastric diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Since most infections occurred during childhood, it is therefore necessary to understand the prevalence and risk determinants of this bacterial infection in children. Herewith, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the Kuichong Subdistrict of Shenzhen City to assess the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection among children. Methods From September 2018 to October 2018, 1,355 children aged 6–12 years from four primary schools in the Kuichong Subdistrict of Shenzhen City were recruited. These children were screened for H. pylori infection using the 13C-urea breath test. In addition, parents were requested to fill out a standardized questionnaire. The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for H. pylori. Results Among 1,355 children recruited in this study, 226 (16.7%; 95% CI [14.7–18.7]) were positive of H. pylori infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified six factors significantly associated with H. pylori infection children including parent(s) with tertiary education level (OR: 0.64; 95% CI [0.46–0.89]), testing bottle feed temperature using the mouth (OR: 1.79; 95% CI [1.19–2.68]), sharing of cutlery between the feeding person and young children during meals (OR: 1.84; 95% CI [1.22–2.78]), eating fruit after peeling (OR: 2.56; 95% CI [1.4–4.71]), frequent dining out (OR: 3.13; 95% CI [1.46–6.68]) and snacking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI [1.01–2.01]). Conclusions Overall, better educated parent(s) played a protective role against the acquisition of H. pylori infection in children. Testing bottle feed temperature using the mouth, cutlery sharing between the feeding person and young children, and snacking posed a lower but significant risk for H. pylori infection. Only eating peeled fruits and frequent dining out were associated with greater infection risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yongsheng He
- Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiyang Luo
- Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aijun Liu
- Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang T, Hu R, Tang X, Shen Y, Tay A, Pi X, Wang G, Debowski AW, Stubbs KA, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Li H, Tang H. Susceptibility-guided bismuth quadruple therapies for resistant Helicobacter pylori infections. Precision Clinical Medicine 2020; 3:127-135. [PMID: 35692608 PMCID: PMC8985787 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics has ledthat molecular testing is appropriate as a sub to adoption of seven different bismuth quadruple therapies (BQT) in China without differentiation of first-line or second-line regimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of susceptibility-guided BQT for patients who had experienced previous treatment failures. A total of 133 patients was included and H. pylori was successfully cultured from 101 patients (75.9%) for subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Based on the AST results, 88 patients completed one of five AST-guided 14-day BQT regimens: esomeprazole and bismuth colloidal pectin, along with either, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (EBAC), amoxicillin and levofloxacin (EBAL), amoxicillin and furazolidone (EBAF), amoxicillin and tetracycline (EBAT), or tetracycline and furazolidone (EBTF). H. pylori eradication rates were 100% for EBAC (5/5), EBAL (13/13), EBAF (14/14), and EBTF (43/43), but 76.9% for EBAT (10/13). The three patients that failed the EBAT regimen were all cured after subsequent treatment with the EBTF regimen. Our study demonstrates the excellent efficacy of the AST-guided BQT for referred H. pylori patients, and that the current EBAT regimen, used in clinics, needs to be optimized. In addition, 57 of the isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Analysis of the sequences revealed that point mutations in 23S rRNA correlated well with the phenotypic clarithromycin resistance with a concordance of 91.2%, while the concordance between phenotypic levofloxacin resistance and gyrA point mutations was 82.3%. This suggests that molecular testing is appropriate as a substitute for AST as a more rapid and cost-effective method for determining clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance in Chinese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Renwei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Xuenan Pi
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng L, Chua EG, Xiong Y, Ding S, Ai H, Hou Z, Loke MF, Goh KL, Tay CY, Marshall BJ, Zhu F, Sun D. Actual and estimated adenoma detection rates: a 2-year monocentric colonoscopic screening outcome in Shenzhen, China. JGH Open 2020; 4:707-712. [PMID: 32782960 PMCID: PMC7411544 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim While adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric for screening colonoscopy, it remains difficult to be accessed due to the lack of integrated endoscopy and pathology databases. Hence, the use of an adenoma‐to‐polyp detection rate quotient and polyp detection rate (PDR) has been proposed to predict ADR. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of estimated ADR across different colonic segments in two age groups for Shenzhen people in China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 7329 colonoscopy procedures performed by 12 endoscopists between January 2012 and February 2014. The PDR, actual ADR, and estimated ADR of the entire, proximal, and distal colon, and within each colonic segment, in two patient age groups: <50 and ≥50 years, were calculated for each endoscopist. Results The overall polyp and adenoma prevalence rates were 19.1 and 9.3%, respectively. The average age of adenoma‐positive patients was significantly higher than that of adenoma‐negative patients (54 ± 12.6 years vs 42.9 ± 13.2 years, respectively). A total of 1739 polyps were removed, among which 826 were adenomas. More adenomatous polyps were found in the proximal colon (60.4%, 341/565) than in the distal colon (40.9%, 472/1154). Overall, both actual and estimated ADR correlated strongly at the entire colon level and within most colonic segments, except for the cecum and rectum. In both age groups, these parameters correlated strongly within the traverse colon and descending colon. Conclusion Caution should be exercised when predicting ADR within the sigmoid colon and rectum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen China
| | - Eng G Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Shihua Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen China
| | - Hui Ai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen China
| | - Zhibo Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen China.,Kuichong People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Mun F Loke
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology Ngee Ann Polytechnic Singapore Singapore
| | - Khean L Goh
- Department of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chin Y Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Fuqiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen China.,Kuichong People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lamichhane B, Wise MJ, Chua EG, Marshall BJ, Tay CY. A novel taxon selection method, aimed at minimizing recombination, clarifies the discovery of a new sub-population of Helicobacter pylori from Australia. Evol Appl 2020; 13:278-289. [PMID: 31993076 PMCID: PMC6976958 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel method for taxon selection, the aim being to minimize problems arising from highly recombinant species such as Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori has accompanied modern-human migration out of Africa and is marked by a phylogeographic strain distribution, which has been exploited to add an extra layer of information about human migrations to that obtained from human sources. However, H. pylori's genome has high sequence heterogeneity combined with a very high rate of recombination, causing major allelic diversification across strains. On the other hand, recombination events that have become preserved in sub-populations are a useful source of phylogenetic information. This creates a potential problem in selecting representative strains for particular genetic or phylogeographic clusters and generally ameliorating the impact on analyses of extensive low-level recombination. To address this issue, we perform multiple population structure-based analyses on core genomes to select exemplar strains, called 'quintessents', which exhibit limited recombination. In essence, quintessent strains are representative of their specific phylogenetic clades and can be used to refine the current MLST concatenation-based population structure classification system. The use of quintessents reduces the noise due to local recombination events, while preserving recombination events that have become fixed in sub-populations. We illustrate the method with an analysis of core genome concatenations from 185 H. pylori strains, which reveals a recent speciation event resulting from the recombination of strains from phylogeographic clade hpSahul, carried by Aboriginal Australians, and hpEurope, carried by some of the people who arrived in Australia over the past 200 years. The signal is much clearer when based on quintessent strains, but absent from the analysis based on MLST concatenations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binit Lamichhane
- Helicobacter pylori Research LaboratoryMarshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and TrainingSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Michael J. Wise
- Helicobacter pylori Research LaboratoryMarshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and TrainingSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Computer Science and Software EngineeringUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- Helicobacter pylori Research LaboratoryMarshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and TrainingSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research LaboratoryMarshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and TrainingSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter pylori Research LaboratoryMarshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and TrainingSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li H, Marceau M, Yang T, Liao T, Tang X, Hu R, Xie Y, Tang H, Tay A, Shi Y, Shen Y, Yang T, Pi X, Lamichhane B, Luo Y, Debowski AW, Nilsson HO, Haslam SM, Mulloy B, Dell A, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. East-Asian Helicobacter pylori strains synthesize heptan-deficient lipopolysaccharide. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008497. [PMID: 31747390 PMCID: PMC6892558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide O-antigen structure expressed by the European Helicobacter pylori model strain G27 encompasses a trisaccharide, an intervening glucan-heptan and distal Lewis antigens that promote immune escape. However, several gaps still remain in the corresponding biosynthetic pathway. Here, systematic mutagenesis of glycosyltransferase genes in G27 combined with lipopolysaccharide structural analysis, uncovered HP0102 as the trisaccharide fucosyltransferase, HP1283 as the heptan transferase, and HP1578 as the GlcNAc transferase that initiates the synthesis of Lewis antigens onto the heptan motif. Comparative genomic analysis of G27 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in strains of different ethnic origin revealed that East-Asian strains lack the HP1283/HP1578 genes but contain an additional copy of HP1105 and JHP0562. Further correlation of different lipopolysaccharide structures with corresponding gene contents led us to propose that the second copy of HP1105 and the JHP0562 may function as the GlcNAc and Gal transferase, respectively, to initiate synthesis of the Lewis antigen onto the Glc-Trio-Core in East-Asian strains lacking the HP1283/HP1578 genes. In view of the high gastric cancer rate in East Asia, the absence of the HP1283/HP1578 genes in East-Asian H. pylori strains warrants future studies addressing the role of the lipopolysaccharide heptan in pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Michael Marceau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tiandi Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renwei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuenan Pi
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources of the P.R.China, Chengdu University of Technology
| | - Aleksandra W. Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ondek Pty Ltd, Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Volikova AI, Marshall BJ, Yin JMA, Goodwin R, Chow PEP, Wise MJ. Structural, biomechanical and hemodynamic assessment of the bladder wall in healthy subjects. Res Rep Urol 2019; 11:233-245. [PMID: 31565652 PMCID: PMC6732741 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s205383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate three ultrasound methods to measure the bladder wall in a healthy population using high-resolution applications and to establish reference points and baselines for future research into lower urinary tract diseases, specifically to understand how lower urinary tract disorders affect the bladder wall and to find objective, non-invasive diagnostic tests. Methods The study was conducted on 116 healthy volunteers aged 19–79 years old with approximately 10 participants in each decade group. Results The following bladder parameters were recorded and measured using a GE LOGIQ E9 XDclear 2.0 ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, Wauwatosa, WI, USA): Full bladder wall thickness (BWT) and each of three bladder wall layers thickness (BWLT) – serosa, detrusor and mucosa; Shear Wave Velocity (SWV) in m/s, using 2D Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE); and Bladder wall blood circulation (Resistive Index, RI), using Duplex Doppler ultrasound. All of the above measurements were recorded at three different urine filling volumes: V0 (20–50 mL), V2 (180–200 mL) and V4 (380–400 mL) with ten repeats for each measured parameter. As expected, BWT and BWLT correlated inversely with increasing bladder volume. While there are no large differences in the healthy bladders of men compared with women, or with age, some small, but statistically significant, differences revealed. BWT at V0 is greater in men, as is the detrusor thickness at VO, but there are no differences at other volumes or for other layers. There is a small, but statistically significant thickening of BWT and detrusor layer and increase in SWV with age in men at V0. SWE showed increase in SWV measured at 400 mL bladder volume across all gender and age groups. There was no change in bladder wall vessels RI with age, between gender groups or increasing bladder volume.
Conclusion We used three ultrasound applications to obtain bladder wall reference data in healthy individuals and investigated the relationships between BWT, BWLT, SWV, RI and gender, age at three bladder volumes, for further studies into identifying and diagnosing different urinary bladder disorders. With further research, ultrasound could be used as a diagnostic test to differentiate bladder pathology in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina I Volikova
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J M A Yin
- Urology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert Goodwin
- Urology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Ee-Pan Chow
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael J Wise
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lamichhane B, Chua EG, Wise MJ, Laming C, Marshall BJ, Tay CY. The complete genome and methylome of Helicobacter pylori hpNEAfrica strain HP14039. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:7. [PMID: 30820249 PMCID: PMC6381644 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which mainly causes peptic ulcer disease in human, but is also the predominant cause of stomach cancer. It has been coevolving with human since 120,000 years and, according to Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), H. pylori can be classified into seven major population types, namely, hpAfrica1, hpAfrica2, hpNEAfrica, hpEastAsia, hpAsia2, hpEurope and hpSahul. Helicobacter pylori harbours a large number of restriction-modification (R-M) systems. The methyltransferase (MTase) unit plays a significant role in gene regulation and also possibly modulates pathogenicity. The diversity in MTase can act as geomarkers to correlate strains with the phylogeographic origins. This paper describes the complete genome sequence and methylome of gastric pathogen H. pylori belonging to the population hpNEAfrica. Results In this paper, we present the complete genome sequence and the methylome profile of H. pylori hpNEAfrica strain HP14039, isolated from a patient who was born in Somalia and likely to be infected locally during early childhood prior to migration. The genome of HP14039 consists of 1,678,260 bp with 1574 coding genes and 38.7% GC content. The sequence analysis showed that this strain lacks the cag pathogenicity island. The vacA gene is of S2M2 type. We have also identified 15 methylation motifs, including WCANHNNNNTG and CTANNNNNNNTAYG that were not previously described. Conclusions We have described the complete genome of H. pylori strain HP14039. The information regarding phylo-geography, methylome and associated metadata would help scientific community to study more about hpNEAfrica population type. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0284-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binit Lamichhane
- 1Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Eng-Guan Chua
- 1Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Michael J Wise
- 1Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,2Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Connor Laming
- 1Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- 1Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518119 Guangdong Province China
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- 1Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518119 Guangdong Province China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chauhan N, Tay ACY, Marshall BJ, Jain U. Helicobacter pylori VacA, a distinct toxin exerts diverse functionalities in numerous cells: An overview. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12544. [PMID: 30324717 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer-causing bacteria, survive in their gastric environment of more than 50% of the world population. The presence of H. pylori in the gastric vicinity promotes the development of various diseases including peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. H. pylori produce and secret Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), a major toxin facilitating the bacteria against the host defense system. The toxin causes multiple effects in epithelial cells and immune cells, especially T cells, B cells, and Macrophages. METHODS This review describes the diverse functionalities of protein toxin VacA. The specific objective of this review is to address the overall structure, mechanism, and functions of VacA in various cell types. The recent advancements are summarized and discussed and thus conclusion is drawn based on the overall reported evidences. RESULTS The searched articles on H. pylori VacA were evaluated and limited up to 66 articles for this review. The articles were divided into four major categories including articles on vacA gene, VacA toxin, distinct effects of VacA toxin, and their effects on various cells. Based on these studies, the review article was prepared. CONCLUSIONS This review describes an overview of how VacA is secreted by H. pylori and contributes to colonization and virulence in multiple ways by affecting epithelial cells, T cells, Dendritic cells, B cells, and Macrophages. The reported evidence suggests that the comprehensive outlook need to be developed for understanding distinctive functionalities of VacA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chua EG, Chong JY, Lamichhane B, Webberley KM, Marshall BJ, Wise MJ, Tay CY. Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection perturbs human oral microbiota. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6336. [PMID: 30713820 PMCID: PMC6354663 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection on the daytime and overnight human oral microbiota. Methods Twenty four volunteers were recruited. Ten tested positive for H. pylori infection by the Carbon-14 Urea Breath Test, and the rest were negative. Two oral swabs were collected: one immediately after waking up in the morning and before brushing teeth, and another in the evening before teeth-brushing. DNA extract acquired from each swab was subjected to Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The microbial abundance and composition were analysed in relation to H. pylori infection status. Results Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals had significant changes in the alpha and beta diversities in the daytime samples in comparison to those who were H. pylori negative. To identify which taxa could be significantly affected within the cohorts in the daytime, we employed the LEfSe method. When compared against UBT-negative samples, significantly higher abundances were detected in both Pseudomonas and Roseomonas, while Fusobacterium, Solobacterium, Haemophilus and Streptococcus were significantly decreased in the UBT-positive samples. Discussion Our data demonstrated that H. pylori infection affects the human daytime oral microbiota. The hitherto undocumented changes of several bacterial genera due to H. pylori infection require more studies to examine their potential health effects on affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ju-Yee Chong
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Michael J Wise
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chua EG, Debowski AW, Webberley KM, Peters F, Lamichhane B, Loke MF, Vadivelu J, Tay CY, Marshall BJ, Wise MJ. Analysis of core protein clusters identifies candidate variable sites conferring metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2019; 7:42-49. [PMID: 30792865 PMCID: PMC6375344 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metronidazole is one of the first-line drugs of choice in the standard triple therapy used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. Hence, the global emergence of metronidazole resistance in Hp poses a major challenge to health professionals. Inactivation of RdxA is known to be a major mechanism of conferring metronidazole resistance in H. pylori. However, metronidazole resistance can also arise in H. pylori strains expressing functional RdxA protein, suggesting that there are other mechanisms that may confer resistance to this drug. Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing on 121 H. pylori clinical strains, among which 73 were metronidazole-resistant. Sequence-alignment analysis of core protein clusters derived from clinical strains containing full-length RdxA was performed. Variable sites in each alignment were statistically compared between the resistant and susceptible groups to determine candidate genes along with their respective amino-acid changes that may account for the development of metronidazole resistance in H. pylori. Results Resistance due to RdxA truncation was identified in 34% of metronidazole-resistant strains. Analysis of core protein clusters derived from the remaining 48 metronidazole-resistant strains and 48 metronidazole-susceptible identified four variable sites significantly associated with metronidazole resistance. These sites included R16H/C in RdxA, D85N in the inner-membrane protein RclC (HP0565), V265I in a biotin carboxylase protein (HP0370) and A51V/T in a putative threonylcarbamoyl–AMP synthase (HP0918). Conclusions Our approach identified new potential mechanisms for metronidazole resistance in H. pylori that merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fanny Peters
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mun-Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,UM Marshall Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Michael J Wise
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Du X, Allwood G, Webberley KM, Osseiran A, Marshall BJ. Bowel Sounds Identification and Migrating Motor Complex Detection with Low-Cost Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensing Device. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E4240. [PMID: 30513934 PMCID: PMC6308494 DOI: 10.3390/s18124240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interpretation of bowel sounds (BS) provides a convenient and non-invasive technique to aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. However, the approach's potential is limited by variation between BS and their irregular occurrence. A short, manual auscultation is sufficient to aid in diagnosis of only a few conditions. A longer recording has the potential to unlock additional understanding of GI physiology and clinical utility. In this paper, a low-cost and straightforward piezoelectric acoustic sensing device was designed and used for long BS recordings. The migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle was detected using this device and the sound index as the biomarker for MMC phases. This cycle of recurring motility is typically measured using expensive and invasive equipment. We also used our recordings to develop an improved categorization system for BS. Five different types of BS were extracted: the single burst, multiple bursts, continuous random sound, harmonic sound, and their combination. Their acoustic characteristics and distribution are described. The quantities of different BS during two-hour recordings varied considerably from person to person, while the proportions of different types were consistent. The sensing devices provide a useful tool for MMC detection and study of GI physiology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Du
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training (M504), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Gary Allwood
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training (M504), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Katherine Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training (M504), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Adam Osseiran
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training (M504), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Du X, Allwood G, Webberley KM, Osseiran A, Wan W, Volikova A, Marshall BJ. A mathematical model of bowel sound generation. J Acoust Soc Am 2018; 144:EL485. [PMID: 30599659 DOI: 10.1121/1.5080528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Humans have been interested in bowel sounds and wondered about their origins for millennia. To better understand the phenomenon, a mathematical model of bowel sound generation was developed based on a spring-mass-damping system. This is similar to vocal folds models for speech. The bowel sound model has four parameters that link to bowel activities: the individual wave component, pressure index, component quantity, and component interval time. All types of bowel sound documented previously can be modelled by combining different values for these parameters. Further, a 2500 ms bowel sound incorporating all the common types was simulated to present the model's accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Du
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Gary Allwood
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Adam Osseiran
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, 6027, Australia , , , , , ,
| | - Wenchao Wan
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Antonina Volikova
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li H, Tang H, Debowski AW, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Lipopolysaccharide Structural Differences between Western and Asian Helicobacter pylori Strains. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090364. [PMID: 30205541 PMCID: PMC6162551 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Helicobacter pylori G27 wild-type and O-antigen ligase mutant resulted in the redefinition of the core-oligosaccharide and O-antigen domains. The short core-oligosaccharide (Glc–Gal–Hep-III–Hep-II–Hep-I–KDO) and its attached trisaccharide (Trio, GlcNAc–Fuc–Hep) appear to be highly conserved structures among H. pylori strains. The G27 LPS contains a linear glucan–heptan linker between the core-Trio and distal Lewis antigens. This linker domain was commonly identified in Western strains. In contrast, out of 12 partial LPS structures of Asian strains, none displayed the heptan moiety, despite the presence of Lewis antigens. This raises the question of how Lewis antigens are attached to the Trio, and whether the LPS structure of Asian strains contain another linker. Of note, a riban was identified as a linker in LPS of the mouse-adapted SS1 strain, suggesting that alternative linker structures can occur. In summary, additional full structural analyses of LPS in Asian strains are required to assess the presence or absence of an alternative linker in these strains. It will also be interesting to study the glucan-heptan linker moieties in pathogenesis as H. pylori infections in Asia are usually more symptomatic than the ones presented in the Western world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inderjeeth AJ, Webberley KM, Muir J, Marshall BJ. The potential of computerised analysis of bowel sounds for diagnosis of gastrointestinal conditions: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2018; 7:124. [PMID: 30115115 PMCID: PMC6097214 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions are highly prevalent, and their standard diagnostic tests are costly and carry risks. There is a need for new, cost-effective, non-invasive tests. Our main objective was to assess the potential for use of bowel sounds computerised analysis in the diagnosis of GI conditions. METHODS The systematic review followed the PRISMA requirements. Searches were made of four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and IEEE Xplore) and the references of included papers. Studies of all types were included. The titles and abstracts were screened by one author. Full articles were reviewed and data collected by two authors independently. A third reviewer decided on inclusion in the event of disagreement. Bias and applicability were assessed via a QUADAS tool adapted to accommodate studies of multiple types. RESULTS Two thousand eight hundred eighty-four studies were retrieved; however, only 14 studies were included. Most of these simply assessed associations between a bowel sound feature and a condition. Four studies also included assessments of diagnostic accuracy. We found many significant associations between a bowel sound feature and a GI condition. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed high sensitivity and specificity for an irritable bowel syndrome test, and a high negative predictive value for a test for post-operative ileus. Assessment of methodological quality identified weaknesses in all studies. We particularly noted a high risk of bias in patient selection. Because of the limited number of trials included and the variety in conditions, technology, and statistics, we were unable to conduct pooled analyses. CONCLUSIONS Due to concerns over quality and small sample sizes, we cannot yet recommend an existing BSCA diagnostic test without additional studies. However, the preliminary results found in the included studies and the technological advances described in excluded studies indicate excellent future potential. Research combining sophistical clinical and engineering skills is likely to be fruitful. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The review protocol (review ID number 42016054028) was developed by three authors (AI, KMW, and JM) and was published in the PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews. It can be accessed from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrisha-Jade Inderjeeth
- North Metropolitan Health Service, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, QEII Medical Site, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, QEII Medical Site, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Josephine Muir
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, QEII Medical Site, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- North Metropolitan Health Service, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, QEII Medical Site, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chua EG, Wise MJ, Khosravi Y, Seow SW, Amoyo AA, Pettersson S, Peters F, Tay CY, Perkins TT, Loke MF, Marshall BJ, Vadivelu J. Quantum changes in Helicobacter pylori gene expression accompany host-adaptation. DNA Res 2017; 24:37-49. [PMID: 27803027 PMCID: PMC5381349 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a highly successful gastric pathogen. High genomic plasticity allows its adaptation to changing host environments. Complete genomes of H. pylori clinical isolate UM032 and its mice-adapted serial derivatives 298 and 299, generated using both PacBio RS and Illumina MiSeq sequencing technologies, were compared to identify novel elements responsible for host-adaptation. The acquisition of a jhp0562-like allele, which encodes for a galactosyltransferase, was identified in the mice-adapted strains. Our analysis implies a new β-1,4-galactosyltransferase role for this enzyme, essential for Ley antigen expression. Intragenomic recombination between babA and babB genes was also observed. Further, we expanded on the list of candidate genes whose expression patterns have been mediated by upstream homopolymer-length alterations to facilitate host adaption. Importantly, greater than four-fold reduction of mRNA levels was demonstrated in five genes. Among the down-regulated genes, three encode for outer membrane proteins, including BabA, BabB and HopD. As expected, a substantial reduction in BabA protein abundance was detected in mice-adapted strains 298 and 299 via Western analysis. Our results suggest that the expression of Ley antigen and reduced outer membrane protein expressions may facilitate H. pylori colonisation of mouse gastric epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Wise
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yalda Khosravi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,SCELSE Microbiome Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Fanny Peters
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy T Perkins
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mun-Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,UM Marshall Centre, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li H, Yang T, Liao T, Debowski AW, Nilsson HO, Haslam SM, Dell A, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Insights from the redefinition of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide O-antigen and core-oligosaccharide domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:175-178. [PMID: 28685143 PMCID: PMC5425279 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.05.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
H. pylori is a Gram-negative extracellular bacterium, first discovered by the Australian physicians Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in 1982, that colonises the human stomach mucosa. It is the leading cause of peptic ulcer and commonly infects humans worldwide with prevalence as high as 90% in some countries. H. pylori infection usually results in asymptomatic chronic gastritis, however 10-15% of cases develop duodenal or gastric ulcers and 1-3% develop stomach cancer. Infection is generally acquired during childhood and persists for life in the absence of antibiotic treatment. H. pylori has had a long period of co-evolution with humans, going back to human migration out of Africa. This prolonged relationship is likely to have shaped the overall host-pathogen interactions and repertoire of virulence strategies which H. pylori employs to establish robust colonisation, escape immune responses and persist in the gastric niche. In this regard, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key surface determinant in establishing colonisation and persistence via host mimicry and resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. Thus, elucidation of the H. pylori LPS structure and corresponding biosynthetic pathway represents an important step towards better understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Tiandi Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li H, Liao T, Debowski AW, Tang H, Nilsson HO, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Lipopolysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis in Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2016; 21:445-461. [PMID: 26934862 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the current knowledge and gaps in Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and biosynthesis. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which colonizes the luminal surface of the human gastric epithelium. Both a constitutive alteration of the lipid A preventing TLR4 elicitation and host mimicry of the Lewis antigen decorated O-antigen of H. pylori LPS promote immune escape and chronic infection. To date, the complete structure of H. pylori LPS is not available, and the proposed model is a linear arrangement composed of the inner core defined as the hexa-saccharide (Kdo-LD-Hep-LD-Hep-DD-Hep-Gal-Glc), the outer core composed of a conserved trisaccharide (-GlcNAc-Fuc-DD-Hep-) linked to the third heptose of the inner core, the glucan, the heptan and a variable O-antigen, generally consisting of a poly-LacNAc decorated with Lewis antigens. Although the glycosyltransferases (GTs) responsible for the biosynthesis of the H. pylori O-antigen chains have been identified and characterized, there are many gaps in regard to the biosynthesis of the core LPS. These limitations warrant additional mutagenesis and structural studies to obtain the complete LPS structure and corresponding biosynthetic pathway of this important gastric bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd., School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wong EHJ, Ng CG, Chua EG, Tay ACY, Peters F, Marshall BJ, Ho B, Goh KL, Vadivelu J, Loke MF. Comparative Genomics Revealed Multiple Helicobacter pylori Genes Associated with Biofilm Formation In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166835. [PMID: 27870886 PMCID: PMC5117725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori may be one of the factors influencing eradication outcome. However, genetic differences between good and poor biofilm forming strains have not been studied. Materials and Methods Biofilm yield of 32 Helicobacter pylori strains (standard strain and 31 clinical strains) were determined by crystal-violet assay and grouped into poor, moderate and good biofilm forming groups. Whole genome sequencing of these 32 clinical strains was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Annotation and comparison of the differences between the genomic sequences were carried out using RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) and SEED viewer. Genes identified were confirmed using PCR. Results Genes identified to be associated with biofilm formation in H. pylori includes alpha (1,3)-fucosyltransferase, flagellar protein, 3 hypothetical proteins, outer membrane protein and a cag pathogenicity island protein. These genes play a role in bacterial motility, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, Lewis antigen synthesis, adhesion and/or the type-IV secretion system (T4SS). Deletion of cagA and cagPAI confirmed that CagA and T4SS were involved in H. pylori biofilm formation. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that biofilm formation in H. pylori might be genetically determined and might be influenced by multiple genes. Good, moderate and poor biofilm forming strain might differ during the initiation of biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hong Jian Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow Goon Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Fanny Peters
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- UM Marshall Centre, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li H, Debowski AW, Liao T, Tang H, Nilsson HO, Marshall BJ, Stubbs KA, Benghezal M. Understanding protein glycosylation pathways in bacteria. Future Microbiol 2016; 12:59-72. [PMID: 27689684 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Through advances in analytical methods to detect glycoproteins and to determine glycan structures, there have been increasing reports of protein glycosylation in bacteria. In this review, we summarize the known pathways for bacterial protein glycosylation: lipid carrier-mediated 'en bloc' glycosylation; and cytoplasmic stepwise protein glycosylation. The exploitation of bacterial protein glycosylation systems, especially the 'mix and match' of three independent but similar pathways (oligosaccharyltransferase-mediated protein glycosylation, lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan biosynthesis) in Gram-negative bacteria for glycoengineering recombinant glycoproteins is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stenström B, Windsor HM, Fulurija A, Benghezal M, Kumarasinghe MP, Kimura K, Tay CY, Viiala CH, Ee HC, Lu W, Schoep TD, Webberley KM, Marshall BJ. Helicobacter pylori overcomes natural immunity in repeated infections. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:1026-1033. [PMID: 27830066 PMCID: PMC5093156 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated experimental reinfection of two subjects indicates that Helicobacter pylori infection does not promote an immune response protective against future reinfection. Our results highlight the importance of preventing reinfection after eradication, through public health initiatives, and possibly treatment of family members. They indicate difficulties for vaccine development, especially therapeutic vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Stenström
- Department of Gastroenterology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Helen M Windsor
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Alma Fulurija
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia; Ondek Pty Ltd QEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia; Ondek Pty Ltd QEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia; Swiss Vitamin Institute Épalinges Switzerland
| | - M Priyanthi Kumarasinghe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology PathWest, QEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kazufumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia; The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia; Venasis Kanamachi Medical Clinic Tokyo-to Japan
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Charlie H Viiala
- Department of Gastroenterology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Hooi C Ee
- Department of Gastroenterology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Wei Lu
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia; Ondek Pty Ltd QEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Tobias D Schoep
- Ondek Pty Ltd QEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia; Telethon Kids Institute Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia; UM Marshall Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee WC, Anton BP, Wang S, Baybayan P, Singh S, Ashby M, Chua EG, Tay CY, Thirriot F, Loke MF, Goh KL, Marshall BJ, Roberts RJ, Vadivelu J. The complete methylome of Helicobacter pylori UM032. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:424. [PMID: 26031894 PMCID: PMC4450513 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genome of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori encodes a large number of DNA methyltransferases (MTases), some of which are shared among many strains, and others of which are unique to a given strain. The MTases have potential roles in the survival of the bacterium. In this study, we sequenced a Malaysian H. pylori clinical strain, designated UM032, by using a combination of PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) and Illumina MiSeq next generation sequencing platforms, and used the SMRT data to characterize the set of methylated bases (the methylome). RESULTS The N4-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenine modifications detected at single-base resolution using SMRT technology revealed 17 methylated sequence motifs corresponding to one Type I and 16 Type II restriction-modification (R-M) systems. Previously unassigned methylation motifs were now assigned to their respective MTases-coding genes. Furthermore, one gene that appears to be inactive in the H. pylori UM032 genome during normal growth was characterized by cloning. CONCLUSION Consistent with previously-studied H. pylori strains, we show that strain UM032 contains a relatively large number of R-M systems, including some MTase activities with novel specificities. Additional studies are underway to further elucidating the biological significance of the R-M systems in the physiology and pathogenesis of H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ching Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Brian P Anton
- New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA.
| | - Susana Wang
- Pacific Biosciences, 1380 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Primo Baybayan
- Pacific Biosciences, 1380 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | | | - Meredith Ashby
- Pacific Biosciences, 1380 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- Marshall Centre, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Perth, Australia.
| | - Chin Yen Tay
- Marshall Centre, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Perth, Australia.
| | - Fanny Thirriot
- Marshall Centre, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Perth, Australia.
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Centre, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Perth, Australia.
| | | | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pedrini MJF, Seewann A, Bennett KA, Wood AJT, James I, Burton J, Marshall BJ, Carroll WM, Kermode AG. Helicobacter pylori infection as a protective factor against multiple sclerosis risk in females. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:603-7. [PMID: 25602009 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a relationship between Helicobacter pylori and many disease conditions has been reported, however, studies in its relationship with multiple sclerosis (MS) have had contradictory results. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the H. pylori infection and MS. METHODS 550 patients with MS were included in the study and were matched by gender and year of birth to 299 controls. Patients were assessed for clinical and demographic parameters. An enzyme immunoassay was used to detect the presence of specific IgG antibodies against H. pylori in the serum sample of both groups. RESULTS H. pylori seropositivity was found to be lower in the patients with MS than in controls (16% vs 21%) with the decrease pertaining to females (14% vs 22%, p=0.027) but not males (19% vs 20%, p=1.0). When adjusted for age at onset, year of birth and disease duration, H. pylori seropositive females presented with a lower disability score than seronegative females (p=0.049), while among males the reverse was true (p=0.025). There was no significant association between H. pylori seropositivity and relapse rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results could reflect a protective role of H. pylori in the disease development. However, it may be that H. pylori infection is a surrogate marker for the 'hygiene hypothesis', a theory which postulates that early life infections are essential to prime the immune system and thus prevent allergic and autoimmune conditions later in life. The fact that the association between H. pylori seropositivity and MS risk was seen almost exclusively in females requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena J Fabis Pedrini
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Alexandra Seewann
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Bennett
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Alex J T Wood
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ian James
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Jason Burton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - William M Carroll
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kumar N, Mariappan V, Baddam R, Lankapalli AK, Shaik S, Goh KL, Loke MF, Perkins T, Benghezal M, Hasnain SE, Vadivelu J, Marshall BJ, Ahmed N. Comparative genomic analysis of Helicobacter pylori from Malaysia identifies three distinct lineages suggestive of differential evolution. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:324-35. [PMID: 25452339 PMCID: PMC4288169 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discordant prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and its related diseases, for a long time, fostered certain enigmatic situations observed in the countries of the southern world. Variation in H. pylori infection rates and disease outcomes among different populations in multi-ethnic Malaysia provides a unique opportunity to understand dynamics of host–pathogen interaction and genome evolution. In this study, we extensively analyzed and compared genomes of 27 Malaysian H. pylori isolates and identified three major phylogeographic lineages: hspEastAsia, hpEurope and hpSouthIndia. The analysis of the virulence genes within the core genome, however, revealed a comparable pathogenic potential of the strains. In addition, we identified four genes limited to strains of East-Asian lineage. Our analyses identified a few strain-specific genes encoding restriction modification systems and outlined 311 core genes possibly under differential evolutionary constraints, among the strains representing different ethnic groups. The cagA and vacA genes also showed variations in accordance with the host genetic background of the strains. Moreover, restriction modification genes were found to be significantly enriched in East-Asian strains. An understanding of these variations in the genome content would provide significant insights into various adaptive and host modulation strategies harnessed by H. pylori to effectively persist in a host-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramani Baddam
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Aditya K Lankapalli
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sabiha Shaik
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tim Perkins
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gauntlett JC, Nilsson HO, Fulurija A, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Phase-variable restriction/modification systems are required for Helicobacter pylori colonization. Gut Pathog 2014; 6:35. [PMID: 25349630 PMCID: PMC4209511 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-014-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One mechanism utilized by bacterial pathogens for host adaptation and immune evasion is the generation of phenotypic diversity by the phasevarion that results from the differential expression of a suite of genes regulated by the activity of a phase-variable methyltransferase within a restriction modification (RM) system. Phasevarions are active in Helicobacter pylori, however there have been no studies investigating the significance of phase-variable RM systems on host colonization. Methods Two mutant types incapable of phase variation were constructed; a clean deletion mutant (‘DEL’) and a mutant (‘ON’) where the homopolymeric repeat was replaced with a non-repeat synonymous sequence, resulting in expression of the full-length protein. The resulting mutants were assessed for their colonisation ability in the mouse model. Results Five phase-variable genes encoding either methyltransferases or members of RM systems were found in H. pylori OND79. Our mutants fell into three categories; 1, those with little effect on colonization, 2, those where expression of the full-length protein was detrimental, 3, those where both mutations were detrimental. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that phase-variable methyltransferases are critical to H. pylori colonization, suggesting that genome methylation and generation of epigenetic diversity is important for colonization and pathogenesis. The third category of mutants suggests that differential genome methylation status of H. pylori cell populations, achieved by the phasevarion, is essential for host adaptation. Studies of phase-variable RM mutants falling in the two other categories, not strictly required for colonization, represent a future perspective to investigate the role of phasevarion in persistence of H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Gauntlett
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alma Fulurija
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Marshall
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gauntlett JC, Nilsson HO, Fulurija A, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Phase-variable restriction/modification systems are required for. Gut Pathog 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-4173857251355111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
43
|
Linz B, Windsor HM, Gajewski JP, Hake CM, Drautz DI, Schuster SC, Marshall BJ. Helicobacter pylori genomic microevolution during naturally occurring transmission between adults. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82187. [PMID: 24340004 PMCID: PMC3858298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is usually acquired during childhood and, in the absence of treatment, chronic infection persists through most of the host's life. However, the frequency and importance of H. pylori transmission between adults is underestimated. Here we sequenced the complete genomes of H. pylori strains that were transmitted between spouses and analysed the genomic changes. Similar to H. pylori from chronic infection, a significantly high proportion of the determined 31 SNPs and 10 recombinant DNA fragments affected genes of the hop family of outer membrane proteins, some of which are known to be adhesins. In addition, changes in a fucosyltransferase gene modified the LPS component of the bacterial cell surface, suggesting strong diversifying selection. In contrast, virulence factor genes were not affected by the genomic changes. We propose a model of the genomic changes that are associated with the transmission and adaptation of H. pylori to a new human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Linz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Helen M. Windsor
- School of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John P. Gajewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Caylie M. Hake
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniela I. Drautz
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan C. Schuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Couturier MR, Marshall BJ, Goodman KJ, Mégraud F. Helicobacter pylori diagnostics and treatment: could a lack of universal consensus be the best consensus? Clin Chem 2013; 60:589-94. [PMID: 23908455 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Roger Couturier
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thirriot F, Tay CY, Marshall BJ. Letter: curing Helicobacter pylori infection in a clinical setting--authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:758-9. [PMID: 23458538 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
46
|
Debowski AW, Gauntlett JC, Li H, Liao T, Sehnal M, Nilsson HO, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Xer-cise in Helicobacter pylori: one-step transformation for the construction of markerless gene deletions. Helicobacter 2012; 17:435-43. [PMID: 23066820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xer-cise is an efficient selectable marker removal technique that was first applied in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli for the construction of markerless gene deletions. Xer-cise marker excision takes advantage of the presence of site-specific Xer recombination in most bacterial species for the resolution of chromosome dimers at the dif site during replication. The identification and functional characterization of the difH/XerH recombination system enabled the development of Xer-cise in Helicobacter pylori. METHODS Markerless deletions were obtained by a single natural transformation step of the Xer-cise cassette containing rpsL and cat genes, for streptomycin susceptibility and chloramphenicol resistance respectively, flanked by difH sites and neighboring homologous sequences of the target gene. Insertion/deletion recombinant H. pylori were first selected on chloramphenicol-containing medium followed by selection on streptomycin-containing medium for clones that underwent XerH mediated excision of the rpsL-cat cassette, resulting in a markerless deletion. RESULTS XerH-mediated removal of the antibiotic marker was successfully applied in three different H. pylori strains to obtain markerless gene deletions at very high efficiencies. An unmarked triple deletion mutant was also constructed by sequential deletion of ureA, vacA and HP0366 and removal of the selectable marker at each step. The triple mutant had no growth defect suggesting that multiple difH sites per chromosome can be tolerated without affecting bacterial fitness. CONCLUSION Xer-cise eliminates the need for multiple passages on non selective plates and subsequent screening of clones for loss of the antibiotic cassette by replica plating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra W Debowski
- Ondek Pty Ltd. and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Discipline of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tay CY, Windsor HM, Thirriot F, Lu W, Conway C, Perkins TT, Marshall BJ. Helicobacter pylori eradication in Western Australia using novel quadruple therapy combinations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:1076-83. [PMID: 23072648 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with standard triple therapy are declining worldwide. The optimal management of H. pylori is evolving and new treatment combinations for antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains are required, especially for patients with penicillin allergy. AIM To review the effectiveness of alternative antibiotic combinations and necessity of pre-antibiotic sensitivity testing. METHODS A total of 310 consecutive patients who had failed at least one course of standard 7-day triple therapy initially prescribed by their physicians were included in this study between year 2007 and 2011. Antibiotics were prescribed based on pre-antibiotic sensitivity tests and, if any, patient's allergy to penicillin. RESULTS In 98.7% of the patients' samples, H. pylori was successfully cultured. The proportion resistant to clarithromycin and metronidazole was 94.1% and 67.6% respectively, with 65% resistant to both. For the in-house primary quadruple therapy, with Proton pump inhibitor, Amoxicillin, Rifabutin and Ciprofloxacin (PARC), H. pylori was successfully eradicated in 95.2% of patients. For patients allergic to amoxicillin, an alternative quadruple therapy using Proton pump inhibitor, Bismuth subcitrate, Rifabutin and Ciprofloxacin (PBRC) gave an eradication rate of 94.2%. Patients needing alternative salvage therapy were given novel personalised combinations consisting of bismuth, rifabutin, tetracycline or furazolidone; the eradication rate was 73.8%. CONCLUSIONS Patients who present with antibiotic resistant H. pylori can be confidently treated with PARC, PBRC or other personalised salvage therapies. These regimens can be used when treatment options are limited by penicillin allergy. Pre-treatment H. pylori antibiotic sensitivity tests contributed to the high eradication rate in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Tay
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine M502, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Debowski AW, Carnoy C, Verbrugghe P, Nilsson HO, Gauntlett JC, Fulurija A, Camilleri T, Berg DE, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Xer recombinase and genome integrity in Helicobacter pylori, a pathogen without topoisomerase IV. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33310. [PMID: 22511919 PMCID: PMC3325230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the model organism E. coli, recombination mediated by the related XerC and XerD recombinases complexed with the FtsK translocase at specialized dif sites, resolves dimeric chromosomes into free monomers to allow efficient chromosome segregation at cell division. Computational genome analysis of Helicobacter pylori, a slow growing gastric pathogen, identified just one chromosomal xer gene (xerH) and its cognate dif site (difH). Here we show that recombination between directly repeated difH sites requires XerH, FtsK but not XerT, the TnPZ transposon associated recombinase. xerH inactivation was not lethal, but resulted in increased DNA per cell, suggesting defective chromosome segregation. The xerH mutant also failed to colonize mice, and was more susceptible to UV and ciprofloxacin, which induce DNA breakage, and thereby recombination and chromosome dimer formation. xerH inactivation and overexpression each led to a DNA segregation defect, suggesting a role for Xer recombination in regulation of replication. In addition to chromosome dimer resolution and based on the absence of genes for topoisomerase IV (parC, parE) in H. pylori, we speculate that XerH may contribute to chromosome decatenation, although possible involvement of H. pylori's DNA gyrase and topoisomerase III homologue are also considered. Further analyses of this system should contribute to general understanding of and possibly therapy development for H. pylori, which causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer; for the closely related, diarrheagenic Campylobacter species; and for unrelated slow growing pathogens that lack topoisomerase IV, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra W. Debowski
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- United States of America Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U 1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Univ Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Phebe Verbrugghe
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Jonathan C. Gauntlett
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Alma Fulurija
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Tania Camilleri
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Every AL, Selwood L, Castano-Rodriguez N, Lu W, Windsor HM, Wee JLK, Swierczak A, Marshall BJ, Kaakoush NO, Mitchell HM, Sutton P. Did transmission of Helicobacter pylori from humans cause a disease outbreak in a colony of Stripe-faced Dunnarts (Sminthopsis macroura)? Vet Res 2011; 42:26. [PMID: 21314909 PMCID: PMC3042409 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery that Helicobacter pylori causes a range of pathologies in the stomachs of infected humans, it has become apparent that Helicobacters are found in a diverse range of animal species where they are frequently associated with disease. In 2003 and 2004, there were two outbreaks of increased mortality associated with gastric bleeding and weight-loss in a captive colony of the Australian marsupial, the Stripe-faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura). The presence of gastric pathology led to an investigation of potential Helicobacter pathogenesis in these animals. Histological examination revealed the presence of gastritis, and PCR analysis confirmed the presence of Helicobacter infection in the stomachs of these marsupials. Surprisingly, sequencing of 16S rRNA from these bacteria identified the species as H. pylori and PCR confirmed the strain to be positive for the important pathogenesis factor, cagA. We therefore describe, for the first time, an apparent reverse zoonotic infection of Stripe-faced Dunnarts with H. pylori. Already prone to pathological effects of stress (as experienced during breeding season), concomitant H. pylori infection appears to be a possible essential but not sufficient co-factor in prototypic gastric bleeding and weight loss in these marsupials. The Stripe-faced Dunnart could represent a new model for investigating Helicobacter-driven gastric pathology. Infections from their human handlers, specifically of H. pylori, may be a potential risk to captive colonies of marsupials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Every
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moodley Y, Linz B, Yamaoka Y, Windsor HM, Breurec S, Wu JY, Maady A, Bernhöft S, Thiberge JM, Phuanukoonnon S, Jobb G, Siba P, Graham DY, Marshall BJ, Achtman M. The peopling of the Pacific from a bacterial perspective. Science 2009; 323:527-30. [PMID: 19164753 DOI: 10.1126/science.1166083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two prehistoric migrations peopled the Pacific. One reached New Guinea and Australia, and a second, more recent, migration extended through Melanesia and from there to the Polynesian islands. These migrations were accompanied by two distinct populations of the specific human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, called hpSahul and hspMaori, respectively. hpSahul split from Asian populations of H. pylori 31,000 to 37,000 years ago, in concordance with archaeological history. The hpSahul populations in New Guinea and Australia have diverged sufficiently to indicate that they have remained isolated for the past 23,000 to 32,000 years. The second human expansion from Taiwan 5000 years ago dispersed one of several subgroups of the Austronesian language family along with one of several hspMaori clades into Melanesia and Polynesia, where both language and parasite have continued to diverge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshan Moodley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|