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Al-Hammouri T, Almeida-Magana R, Soukup T, Lamb B. Implementation of streamlining measures in selecting and prioritising complex cases for the cancer multidisciplinary team meeting: a mini review of the recent developments. Front Health Serv 2024; 4:1340320. [PMID: 38533189 PMCID: PMC10964768 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1340320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In January 2020, NHS England and NHS Improvement, in the United Kingdom, issued a permissive framework for streamlining cancer multidisciplinary (MDT) meetings. Streamlining is defined as a process whereby complex cases are prioritized for full discussion by an MDT in an MDT meeting (MDM), while the management of straightforward cases is expedited using Standards of Care (SoC). SoC are points in the pathway of patient management where there are recognized guidelines and clear clinical consensus on the options for management and should be regionally agreed and uniformly applied by regional Cancer Alliances. While this report marks the first major change in cancer MDT management since the Calman-Hine report in 1995, its implementation, nationally, has been slow with now nearly four years since its publication. It is argued however that streamlining is a necessary step in ensuring the viability of MDT processes, and therefore maintaining patient care in the current socioeconomic context of rising workload and cancer incidence, financial pressures, and workforce shortages. In this mini review, we offer a succinct summary of the recent developments around the implementation of the 2020 streamlining framework, including challenges and barriers to its implementation, and the potential future directions in this field, which we propose should increase utilisation of implementation science. We conclude that ensuring successful implementation of the framework and the SOC requires securing a buy-in from key stakeholders, including MDTs and hospital management teams, with clearly defined (a) management approaches that include triage (e.g. through a mini MDT meeting), (b) assessment of case complexity (something that directly feeds into the SOC), and (c) roles of the MDT lead and the members, while acknowledging that the SOC cannot be universally applied without the consideration of individual variations across teams and hospital Trusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Al-Hammouri
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, The Specialty Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ricardo Almeida-Magana
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tayana Soukup
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Lamb B, Archbold S, Yen Ng Z. Cochlear implants and deafness: a global case study to increase policy awareness and action on an under-resourced health issue. Int J Audiol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37560826 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2023.2231634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been a major growth in global health networks in recent decades to address health issues including tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and maternal mortality. Most conditions that incur high costs have provoked networks of advocates working to mitigate the impact, increase investment in research, and establish campaigns. Global health networks often work simultaneously across policy, knowledge creation, and advocacy. Until recently there has been limited activity in global health networks and advocacy addressing hearing loss and deafness which has contributed to its relatively low visibility with policymakers compared to other health conditions. This discussion paper reports on a global consultation that explored the views of advocacy groups and individuals on advocacy for the management of hearing loss, and cochlear implantation (CI). It focussed on stakeholders' views of current advocacy endeavours, opportunities and barriers, and the possible development of a global advocacy network to improve access to cochlear implantation and the supporting services. The subsequent development of a global health network, the Cochlear Implant International Community of Action (CIICA) is discussed and the conditions necessary for the successful development of health networks are explored. This paper will be of interest to those wishing to understand the factors influencing the development of health networks and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lamb
- Insitute of Education, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - S Archbold
- CIICA, Cochlear Implant International Community of Action, AISBL, Brussels
| | - Z Yen Ng
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, QLD, Australia
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3
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Sajjad W, Thankappannair V, Shah S, Ahmed A, Saeb-Parsy K, Kastner C, Lamb B, Gnanapragasam VJ. Diagnostic value of the abnormal digital rectal examination in the modern MRI-based prostate cancer diagnostic pathway. J Clin Urol 2022:10.1177/20514158221091402. [PMID: 38591853 PMCID: PMC10775687 DOI: 10.1177/20514158221091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective Currently the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) as a standalone referral criterion for suspected prostate cancer. Unlike referrals for a raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which are triaged directly to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an abnormal DRE requires re-examination in a secondary clinic first. Here, we investigated the ongoing value of the abnormal DRE as a referral criterion. Methods This study is a retrospective review of patients referred to secondary care for suspected prostate cancer based on an abnormal DRE over a 15-month period at a single UK hospital (n = 158). Age, PSA, primary and repeat DRE findings and eventual diagnosis were collated. Results A concurrent raised PSA was present in 65/158 (41%). Concordance between primary and secondary care DRE was only 72/158 (46%). The overall and significant cancer detection rate was 26/158 (16%) and 22/158 (14%), respectively. Among men with a concurrent raised PSA, 19/65 (29%) had significant cancer found, whereas with an abnormal primary care DRE and normal PSA (n = 93), only 3/93 (3%) had a significant cancer. Mandating a PSA before referral for an abnormal DRE would have redirected 65/158 (41%) of men to MRI first, negating the need for a repeat DRE (p < 0.0001). This finding was recapitulated in a second prospective validation cohort (n = 30) with 9/30 (30%) redirected to MRI first. Conclusions This is one of the first studies to investigate the value of the DRE in contemporary practice. We propose that PSA is used to triage men with an abnormal DRE to MRI without needing a repeat DRE. If the PSA is normal, the diagnostic yield is low but may still warrant a repeat DRE to assess the need for further investigations. Additional multicentre studies are required to further validate our findings. Level of evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiq Sajjad
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Syed Shah
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK
| | - Adham Ahmed
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, UK
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge & Cambride University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Miah S, Maw J, Pang K, Nair V, Hori S, Lamb A, Martin A, Bratt O, Lamb B, Shah N. The provision of prostate cancer patient information leaflets on an electronic tablet: A further step to paperless health-care provision. Urol Ann 2022; 14:156-161. [PMID: 35711488 PMCID: PMC9197007 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_174_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The provision of patient information leaflets (PILs) for cancer treatment options is primarily via a paper format. PILs can now be provided on an electronic tablet with the added benefits of providing audio-visual information. Materials and Methods Between February 2017 and August 2019, 112 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) were enrolled into our prospective cohort study. The control group (n = 56) were all given PILs on a paper as the standard of care (SoC). The intervention (tablet) group (n = 56) were given the same paper PILs as that of the control group plus an electronic tablet computer with an application containing all SoC paper PILs in an electronic format and supplementary videos detailing treatments. Both groups were asked to complete a validated questionnaire (Telemedicine, Satisfaction and Usefulness questionnaire) with regard to satisfaction with care, provided information, and tablet usage. Results The response rate for our study was 78/112 (70%). The control and tablet groups were highly satisfied with their care (91%-100% agreed or strongly agreed) and with the information they received (80%-100% agreed or strongly agreed). In the tablet group, 41/46 (89%) reported its utilization. Of those 41, 38 (92%) considered the tablet easy to use and 13 (32%) reported a preference for the paper format. Conclusions The provision of electronic PILs in PCa treatment is an innovative method of providing oncological care, with positive feedback from our patients. With further development as a mobile application, electronic PILs may allow a more environmentally and fiscally advantageous method of providing PCa care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Miah
- Department of Urology, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe, HP11 2TT
| | - Jonathon Maw
- Department of Urology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
| | - Karl Pang
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
| | - Vineetha Nair
- Department of Urology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Department of Urology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
| | - Alastair Lamb
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Martin
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
| | - Nimish Shah
- Department of Urology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX
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5
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Oxley C, Thankappannair V, Saeb-Parsy K, Lamb B, Shah N, Kastner C, Geoghegan L, Fox H, Gnanapragasam V. 281 Impact of Using Risk Communication Tools in Counselling Patients with Newly Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
There have been substantial advances in risk communication tools that help patients understand prognosis associated with prostate cancer and the benefit/gain from treatment. Over the last three years, two tools; Cambridge Prognostic Groups (CPG), and Predict Prostate (https://prostate.predict.nhs.uk), along with decision-making consultations with clinical nurse specialists (CNS) have been integrated into the new diagnosis pathway in our unit.
Method
Treatment decisions for patients with new non-metastatic prostate cancer were audited after (2019–2020) and before (2016–2017) new risk communication tools were implemented. Data were compared between the two time periods and also benchmarked against national level data from the National Prostate Cancer Audit (NPCA) (Parry et al 2020; PMID: 32460859). The main outcome measured was comparison of rates of over and under-treatment of disease.
Results
168 and 95 patients were included in the 2019–2020 and 2016–2017 cohorts, respectively. Following implementation there was a reduction in over-treatment (use of radical surgery/radiotherapy) in patients with low risk/CPG1 (23% to 4%). These rates were also better than the national average from NPCA data (4% vs 11%). In parallel, there was an increase in use of radical treatment (reduced under-treatment) in high risk and very high-risk/CPG4-5 disease (84% vs 73%). Again, these rates were also superior to national level data from the NPCA (84% vs 76%).
Conclusions
Incorporating personalised risk-communication tools and dedicated CNS counselling in our unit has reduced over-treatment of early disease and under-treatment of advanced disease. Wider uptake could enhance risk-appropriate treatment of patients with a new prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Oxley
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V. Thankappannair
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K. Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B. Lamb
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N. Shah
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Kastner
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L. Geoghegan
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H. Fox
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V. Gnanapragasam
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Smart S, Sivathasan S, Patel K, Nathan A, Warren A, Shah N, Lamb B. Incremental modification of robotic prostatectomy technique can lead to aggregated marginal gains to significantly improve functional outcomes without compromising oncological control. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)02240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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7
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Robertson-Waters E, Donaldson C, Light A, Lamb B, Thiruchelvam N. Guidance for diagnosis and management of bladder injuries - is practice up to date? BJU Int 2021; 129:25-27. [PMID: 34665917 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Robertson-Waters
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Callum Donaldson
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Light
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikesh Thiruchelvam
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Nathan A, Rashid A, Shukla S, Sinha A, Sivathasan S, Rassam J, Smart S, Patel K, Shah N, Lamb B. 198 Immediate Post-Operative PDE5i Therapy Improves Early Erectile Function Outcomes after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To assess whether the timing of post-operative Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (PDE5i) therapy after Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) is associated with a change in early erectile function, continence, or safety outcomes.
Method
Data was prospectively collected from a single surgeon in one tertiary centre and retrospectively evaluated. 158 patients were treated with PDE5i therapy post RARP over a two-year period.
Results
There were no significant differences in pre-operative characteristics between the therapy groups. Patients that had bilateral nerve sparing had a mean drop in Erectile Function (EF) score by 5.4 compared to 8.8 in the unilateral group. Additionally, 34.9% of bilateral nerve sparing patients returned to baseline compared to 12.1% of unilateral. Drop in EF scores and percentage return to baseline for unilateral nerve sparing was respectively 9 and 11.1% of immediate (day 1-2), 7 and 14.8% of early (day 3-14) and 9.7 and 9.5% of late (day >14) therapy (p = 0.9 and p = 0.6). For bilateral nerve sparing this was respectively 3.5 and 42.9% immediate therapy, 5.5 and 35.5% early therapy and 7.3 and 25% late therapy (p = 0.017 and p = 0.045). Pad free and social continence was achieved in 54% and 37% of those receiving immediate therapy, 60% and 33% for early therapy and 26% and 54% for late therapy. There were no differences in compliance, complication, or readmission outcomes.
Conclusions
Immediate PDE5i therapy should be considered in patients following nerve sparing RARP in order to maximise functional outcomes, especially in those undergoing bilateral nerve spare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nathan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Rashid
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Shukla
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Sivathasan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Rassam
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Smart
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Patel
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Shah
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Lamb
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Nathan A, Hanna N, Rashid A, Patel S, Phuah Y, Flora K, Fricker M, Cleaveland P, Kasivisvanathan V, Williams N, Miah S, Shah N, Hines J, Collins J, Sridhar A, Kelkar A, Briggs T, Kelly J, Shaw G, Sooriakumaran P, Rajan P, Lamb B, Nathan S. 141 New Guidelines to Reduce Unnecessary Blood Tests, Delayed Discharge and Costs Following Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Routine postoperative blood tests (POBT) following robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) are used to evaluate the impact of surgery on pre-existing co-morbidities and to detect early complications. This practice dates back to an era of open surgery, when blood loss and complication rates were higher. We propose new guidelines to improve the specificity of POBT.
Method
The cases of 1040 consecutive patients who underwent a primary or salvage RARP at two large tertiary urology centres in the United Kingdom were retrospectively reviewed to form new guidelines. The new guidelines were prospectively validated in a sample of 300 patients.
Results
Derivation Dataset: 3% and 5% had intra- and post-operative Clavien-Dindo complications, respectively. 15% had clinical concerns postoperatively. 0.9% required perioperative transfusion. 78% had routine blood tests without clinical concerns, none of whom developed a complication. 98% of complications were suspected by clinical judgement. 6% of patients had a discharge delay of ≥ 1 day due to delayed or incomplete blood tests. Validation Dataset: No significant difference existed in complication, clinical concern or transfusion rates between the derivation and validation datasets. Number of POBT requested reduced by 73% (p < 0.001). The new guidelines improved POBT sensitivity for complications from 98% to 100% and specificity from 0% to 74%. Discharge delays reduced from 6% to 0% (p = 0.008). Cost savings were £178 per patient.
Conclusions
Postoperative complications and transfusion following RARP are rare. Routine POBT without clinical indication are unnecessary and inefficient. A guideline-based approach to POBT can reduce costs and optimise discharge without compromising patient safety or care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nathan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Hanna
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Rashid
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Patel
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Phuah
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Flora
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Fricker
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - P Cleaveland
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Kasivisvanathan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Williams
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Miah
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Shah
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Hines
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Collins
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Sridhar
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Kelkar
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Briggs
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Kelly
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Shaw
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Sooriakumaran
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Rajan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Cancer Institute, CR-UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Lamb
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Nathan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Fricker M, Nathan A, Hanna N, Asif A, Patel S, Georgi M, Hang K, Sinha A, Mullins W, Shea J, Lamb B, Sridhar A, Kelly J, Collins J. 81 VIRTUAL: Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom – An Ongoing Randomized Controlled Trial. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
High costs and inaccessibility are significant barriers to face-to-face basic surgical skills (BSS) training. Virtual classrooms enable the combination of computer-based learning with interactive expert instruction. They may optimise resources and increase accessibility, facilitating larger-scale training with a similar educational benefit. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of virtual BSS classroom training compared to both non-interactive video and face-to-face teaching.
Method
72 medical students will be randomly assigned to three equal intervention groups based on year group and surgical skill confidence. Interventions will be implemented following an instructional video. Group A will practice independently, Group B will receive face-to-face training, and Group C will attend a virtual classroom. Participants will be recorded placing three interrupted sutures with hand tied knots pre- and post-intervention, and Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) will be blind marked by two experts. Change in confidence, time to completion and a granular performance score will also be measured. Each intervention’s feasibility and accessibility will be assessed.
Results
Data collection will be completed in January 2021. Significant improvement in OSATS within groups will be indicative of intervention quality. Difference in improvement between groups will determine the relative performance of the interventions.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this will be the largest randomised control trial investigating virtual BSS classroom training. It will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the virtual classroom’s suitability as an alternative to face-to-face training. The findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fricker
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - A Nathan
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Hanna
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Asif
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S Patel
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Georgi
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Hang
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - W Mullins
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie Shea
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Kelly
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Nathan A, Fricker M, Hanna N, Asif A, Patel S, Georgi M, Hang K, Sinha A, Mullins W, Shea J, Lamb B, Sridhar A, Kelly J, Collins J. O43 Virtual: virtual interactive surgical skills classroom: a randomized controlled trial (protocol). Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab282.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
High costs and inaccessibility are significant barriers to face-to-face basic surgical skills (BSS) training. Virtual classrooms enable the combination of computer-based learning with interactive expert instruction. They may optimise resources and increase accessibility, facilitating larger-scale training with a similar educational benefit. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of virtual BSS classroom training compared to both non-interactive video and face-to-face teaching.
Method
72 medical students will be randomly assigned to three equal intervention groups based on surgical skills experience and confidence. Interventions will be implemented following an instructional video. Group A will practice independently, Group B will receive face-to-face training, and Group C will attend a virtual classroom. Participants will be recorded placing three interrupted sutures with hand tied knots pre- and post-intervention. Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) will be blind marked by two experts.
Result
Change in confidence, time to completion and a novel granular performance score will also be measured. Each intervention’s feasibility and accessibility will be assessed. Significant improvement in OSATS within groups will be indicative of intervention quality. Difference in improvement between groups will determine the relative performance of the interventions.
Conclusion
This will be the largest randomised control trial investigating virtual BSS classroom training. It will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual classrooms as an alternative to face-to-face training. The findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Take-home Message
This is the first RCT assessing virtual basic surgical skill classroom training and serves as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual classrooms as an alternative to face-to-face training. The findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nathan
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - N Hanna
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Asif
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S Patel
- University College London, London, UK
| | - M Georgi
- University College London, London, UK
| | - K Hang
- University College London, London, UK
| | - A Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Mullins
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Shea
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Lamb
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Sridhar
- University College London, London, UK
| | - J Kelly
- University College London, London, UK
| | - J Collins
- University College London, London, UK
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12
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Fricker M, Nathan A, Hannah N, Rashid A, Patel S, Phuah Y, Flora K, Cleaveland P, Kasivisvanathan V, Williams N, Miah S, Shah N, Hines J, Collins J, Sridhar A, Kelkar A, Briggs T, Kelly J, Shaw G, Sooriakumaran P, Rajan P, Lamb B, Nathan S. O50 New guidelines to reduce unnecessary blood tests, delayed discharge and costs following robot assisted radical prostatectomy. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab282.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Routine postoperative blood tests (POBT) are used to evaluate the impact of surgery on pre-existing co-morbidities and to detect early complications. This practice dates back to an era of open surgery, when blood loss and complication rates were higher. We propose new guidelines to improve the specificity of POBT.
Method
The cases of 1040 consecutive patients who underwent a primary or salvage RARP at two large tertiary urology centres in the United Kingdom were retrospectively reviewed, and new guidelines were designed. The guidelines were prospectively validated in a cohort of 300 patients.
Result
Derivation Dataset 3% and 5% had intra- and post-operative Clavien-Dindo complications, respectively. 15% had clinical concerns postoperatively. 0.9% required perioperative transfusion. 78% had routine blood tests without clinical concerns, none of whom developed a complication. 98% of complications were suspected by clinical judgement. 6% of patients had a discharge delay of ≥ 1 days due to delayed or incomplete blood tests.
Validation Dataset No significant difference existed in complication, clinical concern or transfusion rates between the derivation and validation datasets. New guidelines improved sensitivity for complications from 98% to 100% and specificity from 0% to 74%. The number of blood tests requested reduced by 73% (P < 0.001). Discharge delays reduced from 6% to 0% (P = 0.008). Cost savings were £178 per patient.
Conclusion
Postoperative complications and transfusion following RARP are rare. Routine POBT without clinical indication are unnecessary and inefficient. A guideline-based approach to POBT can reduce costs and optimise discharge without compromising patient safety or care.
Take-home Message
Routine postoperative blood tests following robot assisted radical prostatectomy are often unnecessary. A guideline-based approach can reduce costs and optimise patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Nathan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- University College London
| | - N Hannah
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- University of Cambridge
| | - A Rashid
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | - P Cleaveland
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Kasivisvanathan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Williams
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Miah
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Shah
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Hines
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Collins
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Sridhar
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Kelkar
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Briggs
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Kelly
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Shaw
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Sooriakumaran
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford
| | - P Rajan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Barts Cancer Institute, CR-UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London
| | - B Lamb
- Department of Uro-oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Nathan
- Department of Uro-oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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13
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Nathan A, Fricker M, Patel S, Georgi M, Hang MK, Asif A, Sinha A, Mullins W, Shea J, Hanna N, Lamb B, Kelly J, Sridhar A, Collins J. Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: Protocol for a Parallel-Group, Noninferiority, Adjudicator-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e28671. [PMID: 34292162 PMCID: PMC8367109 DOI: 10.2196/28671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional face-to-face training (FFT) for basic surgical skills is inaccessible and resource-intensive. Noninteractive computer-based learning is more economical but less educationally beneficial. Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel method that permits distanced interactive expert instruction. VCT may optimize resources and increase accessibility. Objective We aim to investigate whether VCT is superior to computer-based learning and noninferior to FFT in improving proficiency in basic surgical skills. Methods This is a protocol for a parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. A sample of 72 undergraduates will be recruited from 5 medical schools in London. Participants will be stratified by subjective and objective suturing experience level and allocated to 3 intervention groups at a 1:1:1 ratio. VCT will be delivered using the BARCO weConnect software, and FFT will be provided by expert instructors. Optimal student-to-teacher ratios of 12:1 for VCT and 4:1 for FFT will be maintained. The assessed task will be interrupted suturing with hand-tied knots. Results The primary outcome will be the postintervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, adjudicated by 2 experts blinded to the study and adjusted for baseline proficiency. The noninferiority margin (δ) will be defined using historical data. Conclusions This study will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual basic surgical skills classroom training as an alternative to FFT. Our findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient, accessible, virtual basic surgical skills training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN12448098; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12448098 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/28671
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Nathan
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sonam Patel
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Georgi
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aqua Asif
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amil Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessie Shea
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Hanna
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Kelly
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Nathan A, Hanna N, Rashid A, Patel S, Phuah Y, Flora K, Sharma A, Cleaveland P, Kasivisvanatha V, William N, Mia S, Collin J, Sridha A, Kelka A, Sha N, Kell J, Briggs T, Shaw G, Sooriakumaran P, Rajan P, Lamb B, Nathan S. 236 Novel Guidelines to Avoid Routine Blood Tests After Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Patients undergoing RARP commonly require routine post-operative blood tests. This practice dates from an era of open surgery, with increased blood loss and complications. We aim to improve specificity of blood test requests with novel guidelines.
Method
1039 consecutive RARP patients at two tertiary urology centres in the UK were audited. Novel guidelines constructed based on risk stratified evidence from the initial audit were used to prospectively audit 133 patients.
Results
16% had clinical concerns post-operatively. 1% and 4% had an intra- and post-operative complication. Intra- or post-operative clinical judgement flagged post-operative complications in 99.9%. 80% had routine blood tests with no clinical concerns. 6% had delayed discharge due to delayed processing of blood tests. 0.9% received a peri-operative transfusion.
Re-Audit Novel guidelines reduced the number of blood tests requested from 100% to 36%. Specificity in diagnosing a complication improved from 0% to 67%. Discharge delays reduced from 6% to 0% and no post-operative complications were missed (sensitivity 100%).
Conclusions
Routine blood tests, without an indication, did not flag any additional post-operative complications. Blood transfusion is rare for RARP. Novel guidelines to request post-operative blood tests will reduce costs and discharge delays whilst maintaining appropriate patient safety and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nathan
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Hanna
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Rashid
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Patel
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Phuah
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Flora
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Sharma
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Cleaveland
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - N William
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Mia
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Collin
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Sridha
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Kelka
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Sha
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Kell
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Briggs
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Shaw
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - P Rajan
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Lamb
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Nathan
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Nathan A, Shukla S, Sinha A, Sivathasan S, Rashid A, Rassam J, Smart S, Patel K, Shah N, Lamb B. 31 Immediate Post-Operative Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors (PDE5i) Therapy Improves Early Erectile Function Outcomes After Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
To assess whether the timing of post-RARP PDE5i therapy affects early erectile function, continence, or safety outcomes.
Method
Data from 158 patients treated with PDE5is post-RARP was prospectively collected over two years from a single surgeon at one tertiary centre and retrospectively evaluated. Therapy was started: immediately (day 1-2) in 29%, early (day 3-14) in 37% and late (after day 14) post-op in 34%. EPIC-26 Erectile Function (EF) scores were collected pre-op and post-op after a median 43-day follow-up interval.
Results
Drop in EF scores and percentage return to baseline post unilateral nerve sparing (UNS) compared to bilateral nerve sparing (BNS) RARP was respectively 9 and 11.1% versus 3.5 and 42.9% of immediate therapy, 7 and 14.8% versus 5.5 and 35.5% of early and 9.7 and 9.5% versus 7.3 and 25% of late. Pad free and social continence was achieved in 54% and 37% of those receiving immediate therapy, 60% and 33% for early and 26% and 54% for late.
Conclusions
Immediate post RARP PDE5i therapy may protect EF and should be considered clinically, with more benefits for BNS than UNS patients. Immediate or early, rather than late, PDE5i therapy improved early continence in BNS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nathan
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Shukla
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Sivathasan
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Rashid
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Rassam
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Smart
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Patel
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Shah
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Lamb
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Nathan A, Fricker M, Hanna N, Asif A, Patel S, Georgi M, Hang K, Sinha A, Mullins W, Lamb B, Sridhar A, Kelly J, Collins J. V12 VIRTUAL: Virtual InteRacTive sUrgicAl skiLls classroom – A Randomized Controlled Trial Proposal. BJS Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8030201 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab034.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High costs and inaccessibility are significant barriers to face-to-face basic surgical skills (BSS) training. Virtual classrooms enable the combination of computer-based learning with interactive expert instruction and feedback. They may optimise resources and increase accessibility, facilitating larger-scale training whilst producing a similar educational benefit. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of virtual BSS classroom training compared to both non-interactive video and face-to-face teaching. Method 72 medical students will be randomly assigned to three equal intervention groups based on year group and surgical skill confidence. Interventions will be implemented following an instructional video. Group A will practice independently, Group B will receive face-to-face training, and Group C will receive virtual classroom training. The assessed task will be to place three interrupted sutures with hand tied knots. Pre- and post-intervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) will be blind marked by two experts. Change in confidence, time to completion and a granular performance score will be measured. Feasibility and accessibility will also be assessed. Results Significant improvement in OSATS within groups will be indicative of intervention quality. Difference in improvement between groups will determine relative performance. Conclusion To our knowledge, this will be the largest randomised control trial investigating virtual BSS classroom training. It will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual BSS classroom training as an alternative to face-to-face training. The findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient virtual BSS training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Nathan
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nancy Hanna
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aqua Asif
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonam Patel
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Georgi
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kien Hang
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amil Sinha
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Will Mullins
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - John Kelly
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Tan WS, Arianayagam R, Khetrapal P, Rowe E, Kearley S, Mahrous A, Pal R, Fowler W, Heer R, Elajnaf M, Douglas-Moore J, Leyshon Griffiths TR, Voss J, Wilby D, Al Kadhi O, Noel J, Vasdev N, McKay A, Ahmad I, Abu-Nayla I, Lamb B, Hill GT, Narahari K, Kynaston H, Yousuf A, Kusuma VRM, Cresswell J, Cooke P, Chakravarti A, Barod R, Bex A, Kelly JD. Major Urological Cancer Surgery for Patients is Safe and Surgical Training Should Be Encouraged During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicentre Analysis of 30-day Outcomes. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 25:39-43. [PMID: 33458711 PMCID: PMC7796655 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has resulted in the deferral of major surgery for genitourinary (GU) cancers with the exception of cancers with a high risk of progression. We report outcomes for major GU cancer operations, namely radical prostatectomy (RP), radical cystectomy (RC), radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN), and nephroureterectomy performed at 13 major GU cancer centres across the UK between March 1 and May 5, 2020. A total of 598 such operations were performed. Four patients (0.7%) developed COVID-19 postoperatively. There was no COVID-19–related mortality at 30 d. A minimally invasive approach was used in 499 cases (83.4%). A total of 228 cases (38.1%) were described as training procedures. Training case status was not associated with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (p = 0.194) or hospital length of stay (LOS; p > 0.05 for all operation types). The risk of contracting COVID-19 was not associated with longer hospital LOS (p = 0.146), training case status (p = 0.588), higher ASA score (p = 0.295), or type of hospital site (p = 0.303). Our results suggest that major surgery for urological cancers remains safe and training should be encouraged during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic provided appropriate countermeasures are taken. These real-life data are important for policy-makers and clinicians when counselling patients during the current pandemic. Patient summary We collected outcome data for major operations for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These surgeries remain safe and training should be encouraged during the ongoing pandemic provided appropriate countermeasures are taken. Our real-life results are important for policy-makers and clinicians when counselling patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen Tan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rajan Arianayagam
- Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pramit Khetrapal
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Samantha Kearley
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Ahmed Mahrous
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Raj Pal
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - William Fowler
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mohamed Elajnaf
- Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Jayne Douglas-Moore
- Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - T R Leyshon Griffiths
- Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - James Voss
- Department of Urology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospital NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Daniel Wilby
- Department of Urology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospital NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Omar Al Kadhi
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Jonathan Noel
- Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alastair McKay
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK.,Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Islam Abu-Nayla
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - George T Hill
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Krishna Narahari
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Howard Kynaston
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Arzu Yousuf
- Department of Urology, The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Venkata R M Kusuma
- Department of Urology, The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Jo Cresswell
- Department of Urology, The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Pete Cooke
- Department of Urology, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Aniruddha Chakravarti
- Department of Urology, New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ravi Barod
- Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Axel Bex
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,Specialist Centre for Kidney Cancer, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John D Kelly
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Nathan A, Shukla S, Sinha A, Sivathasan S, Rashid A, Rassam J, Smart S, Patel K, Shah N, Lamb B. Immediate post-operative PDE5i therapy improves early Erectile Function Outcomes after Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Nathan A, Hanna N, Rashid A, Patel S, Phuah Y, Flora K, Cleaveland P, Kasivisvanathan V, Miah S, Collins J, Sridhar A, Kelkar A, Hines J, Kelly J, Shah N, Briggs T, Shaw G, Sooriakumaran P, Rajan P, Lamb B, Nathan S. Novel guidelines to avoid routine blood tests after Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Niculescu AB, Le-Niculescu H, Roseberry K, Wang S, Hart J, Kaur A, Robertson H, Jones T, Strasburger A, Williams A, Kurian SM, Lamb B, Shekhar A, Lahiri DK, Saykin AJ. Blood biomarkers for memory: toward early detection of risk for Alzheimer disease, pharmacogenomics, and repurposed drugs. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1651-1672. [PMID: 31792364 PMCID: PMC7387316 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short-term memory dysfunction is a key early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Psychiatric patients may be at higher risk for memory dysfunction and subsequent AD due to the negative effects of stress and depression on the brain. We carried out longitudinal within-subject studies in male and female psychiatric patients to discover blood gene expression biomarkers that track short term memory as measured by the retention measure in the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. These biomarkers were subsequently prioritized with a convergent functional genomics approach using previous evidence in the field implicating them in AD. The top candidate biomarkers were then tested in an independent cohort for ability to predict state short-term memory, and trait future positive neuropsychological testing for cognitive impairment. The best overall evidence was for a series of new, as well as some previously known genes, which are now newly shown to have functional evidence in humans as blood biomarkers: RAB7A, NPC2, TGFB1, GAP43, ARSB, PER1, GUSB, and MAPT. Additional top blood biomarkers include GSK3B, PTGS2, APOE, BACE1, PSEN1, and TREM2, well known genes implicated in AD by previous brain and genetic studies, in humans and animal models, which serve as reassuring de facto positive controls for our whole-genome gene expression discovery approach. Biological pathway analyses implicate LXR/RXR activation, neuroinflammation, atherosclerosis signaling, and amyloid processing. Co-directionality of expression data provide new mechanistic insights that are consistent with a compensatory/scarring scenario for brain pathological changes. A majority of top biomarkers also have evidence for involvement in other psychiatric disorders, particularly stress, providing a molecular basis for clinical co-morbidity and for stress as an early precipitant/risk factor. Some of them are modulated by existing drugs, such as antidepressants, lithium and omega-3 fatty acids. Other drug and nutraceutical leads were identified through bioinformatic drug repurposing analyses (such as pioglitazone, levonorgestrel, salsolidine, ginkgolide A, and icariin). Our work contributes to the overall pathophysiological understanding of memory disorders and AD. It also opens new avenues for precision medicine- diagnostics (assement of risk) as well as early treatment (pharmacogenomically informed, personalized, and preventive).
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K Roseberry
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Hart
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Kaur
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T Jones
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Strasburger
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Williams
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S M Kurian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Lamb
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Shekhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Gao C, Peters M, Jayaraajan K, Todd M, Cashman S, Nambiar A, Cumberbatch M, Lamb B, Peacock A, Van Son M, Van Rossum P, Pickard R, Erotocritou P, Smith D, Kasivisvanathan V, Shah T. Development of a risk calculator to predict spontaneous stone passage in patients with acute ureteric colic. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Bekris LM, Khrestian M, Dyne E, Shao Y, Pillai JA, Rao SM, Bemiller SM, Lamb B, Fernandez HH, Leverenz JB. Soluble TREM2 and biomarkers of central and peripheral inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 319:19-27. [PMID: 29685286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been genetically and pathologically associated with neuroinflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial receptor involved in innate immunity. TREM2 rare protein coding genetic variants have been linked to AD. A soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) cleavage product is elevated in AD. It is unclear whether there is a relationship between elevated sTREM2 and markers of inflammation. The hypothesis of this investigation was that central and peripheral inflammation play a role in sTREM2 levels in AD. A consistent association of peripheral or central markers of inflammation and CSF sTREM2 levels was not found, suggesting a limited impact of general inflammation on sTREM2 levels. An association between peripheral sTREM2 levels and CSF sTREM2, as well as an association between CSF sTREM2 and a marker of blood brain barrier integrity, was observed in AD, suggesting a potential role of peripheral TREM2 in central TREM2 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Bekris
- Cleveland Clinic, Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - M Khrestian
- Cleveland Clinic, Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - E Dyne
- Kent State University, Departoment of Biomedicine, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Y Shao
- Cleveland Clinic, Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - J A Pillai
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - S M Rao
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - S M Bemiller
- Indiana University, Department of Neuroscience, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - B Lamb
- Indiana University, Department of Neuroscience, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - H H Fernandez
- Cleveland Clinic, Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - J B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Shah T, Keefe A, Gao C, Manning T, Peacock A, Cashman S, Nambiar A, Lamb B, Cumberbatch M, Erotocritou P, Pickard R, Smith D, Kasivisvanathan V. A Multi-Centre Cohort Study Evaluating the Role of Inflammatory Markers in Patient's Presenting With Acute Ureteric Colic (MIMIC). Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Khetrapal P, Tan WS, Lamb B, Tan M, Baker H, Thompson J, Sridhar A, Kelly JD, Briggs T. The Role of Robotics in the Invasive Management of Bladder Cancer. Curr Urol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634646 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has been adopted widely in many centres, owed largely to the success of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). It aims to replicate the oncological outcomes of open radical cystectomy (ORC), while providing a shorter recovery period. Despite this, previous RCTs have failed to show a benefit for RARC over ORC. These trials have compared extracorporeal RARC (eRARC) with ORC, which requires a further incision to mobilise the bowel for urinary reconstruction with an open technique. For intracorporeal RARC (iRARC), this urinary reconstruction is performed robotically without further incisions. There are theoretical benefits to this approach such as reduced recovery time for the bowel and reduced ileus rates, but no level 1 evidence currently exists to support this. While there has been an improvement in patient outcomes since the adoption of RARC, various other factors, such as enhanced recovery programmes and surgical learning curve, have made it difficult to attribute this solely to the robotic approach as many centres performing ORC have also shown similar improvements. In this review, we will discuss implementation of RARC as well as perioperative measures that have helped improve outcomes, offer a comparison of outcomes between ORC and RARC and highlight upcoming RCTs that may offer new evidence for or against a paradigm shift in the future of bladder cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramit Khetrapal
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK. .,Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, 4th Floor, UCL Medical School Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | - Wei Shen Tan
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK.,Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, 4th Floor, UCL Medical School Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK
| | - Melanie Tan
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK
| | - Hilary Baker
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK
| | - James Thompson
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK
| | - Ashwin Sridhar
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK
| | - John D Kelly
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK.,Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, 4th Floor, UCL Medical School Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Tim Briggs
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital at Westmoreland Street, 16-18 Westmoreland St, Marylebone, London, W1G 8PH, UK
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Khetrapal P, Dong L, Wong YNS, Tan WS, Rodney S, Lamb B, Sridhar A, Briggs T, Kelly J, Feber A. MP44-13 MOLECULAR TRACKING OF BLADDER CANCERUSING MUTATIONS DETECTED IN PLASMA CELL-FREE DNA THROUGH RADICAL CYSTECTOMY AND CHEMOTHERAPY. J Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shah T, O’Keefe A, Gao C, Manning T, Peacocke A, Cashman S, Shakir T, Nambiar A, Lamb B, Cumberbatch M, Pickard R, Erotocritou P, Smith D, Kasivisvanathan V. A multi-centre cohort study evaluating the role of inflammatory markers in patient’s presenting with acute ureteric colic (MIMIC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(17)30474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tan WS, Sridhar A, Ellis G, Lamb B, Goldstraw M, Nathan S, Hines J, Cathcart P, Briggs T, Kelly J. Analysis of open and intracorporeal robotic assisted radical cystectomy shows no significant difference in recurrence patterns and oncological outcomes. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:257.e1-9. [PMID: 26968561 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report and compare early oncological outcomes and cancer recurrence sites among patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) and robotic-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion (iRARC). METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 184 patients underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. ORC cases (n = 94) were performed between June 2005 and July 2014 while iRARC cases (n = 90) were performed between June 2011 and July 2014. Primary outcome was recurrence free survival (RFS). Secondary outcomes were sites of local and metastatic recurrence, cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Median follow-up for patients without recurrence was 33.8 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 20.5-45.4) for ORC; and 16.1 months (IQR: 11.2-27.0) for iRARC. No significant difference in age, sex, precystectomy T stage, precystectomy grade, or lymph node yield between ORC and iRARC was observed. The ORC cohort included more patients with≥pT2 (64.8% ORC vs. 38.9% iRARC) but fewer pT0 status (8.5% ORC vs.vs. 22.2% iRARC) due to lower preoperative chemotherapy use (22.3% ORC vs. 34.4% iRARC). Positive surgical margin rate was significantly higher in the ORC cohort (19.3% vs. 8.2%; P = 0.042). Kaplan-Meir analysis showed no significant difference in RFS (69.5% ORC vs. 78.8% iRARC), cancer specific survival (80.9% ORC vs. 84.4% iRARC), or OS (73.5% ORC vs.vs. iRARC 83.8%) at 24 months. Cox regression analysis showed RFS, cancer specific survival and OS were not influenced by cystectomy technique. No significant difference between local and metastatic RFS between ORC and iRARC was observed. CONCLUSION This study has found no difference in recurrence patterns or oncological outcomes between ORC and iRARC. Recurrent metastatic sites vary, but are not related to surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen Tan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Ashwin Sridhar
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gidon Ellis
- Department of Urology, Chase Farm & Barnet Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Miles Goldstraw
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Senthil Nathan
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Hines
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Cathcart
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tim Briggs
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK; Department of Urology, Chase Farm & Barnet Hospitals, London, UK
| | - John Kelly
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Angelon-Gaetz KA, Richardson DB, Lipton DM, Marshall SW, Lamb B, LoFrese T. The effects of building-related factors on classroom relative humidity among North Carolina schools participating in the 'Free to Breathe, Free to Teach' study. Indoor Air 2015; 25:620-30. [PMID: 25515546 PMCID: PMC4470893 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Both high and low indoor relative humidity (RH) directly impact Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), an important school health concern. Prior school studies reported a high prevalence of mold, roaches, and water damage; however, few examined associations between modifiable classroom factors and RH, a quantitative indicator of dampness. We recorded RH longitudinally in 134 North Carolina classrooms (n = 9066 classroom-days) to quantify the relationships between modifiable classroom factors and average daily RH below, within, or above levels recommended to improve school IAQ (30-50% or 30-60% RH). The odds of having high RH (>60%) were 5.8 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.9, 11.3] times higher in classrooms with annual compared to quarterly heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system maintenance and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.2) times higher in classrooms with HVAC economizers compared to those without economizers. Classrooms with direct-expansion split systems compared to chilled water systems had 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7, 4.4) times higher odds of low RH (<30%). When unoccupied, classrooms with thermostat setbacks had 3.7 (95% CI: 1.7, 8.3) times the odds of high RH (>60%) of those without setbacks. This research suggests actionable decision points for school design and maintenance to prevent high or low classroom RH. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study combines longitudinal measurements of classroom relative humidity with school inspection data from several schools to describe the problem of relative humidity control in schools. Our findings on how maintenance and mechanical factors affect classroom humidity provide suggestions on building operations policies and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) design considerations that may improve classroom relative humidity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Angelon-Gaetz
- Epidemiology Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D B Richardson
- Epidemiology Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D M Lipton
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S W Marshall
- Epidemiology Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B Lamb
- Maintenance Operations Department, New Hanover County Schools, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - T LoFrese
- Support Services, Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Blach O, Lamb B, Gnanapragasam V, Emberton M, Pickard R. Advancing research capacity within British urology – a joint BAUS and RCS England two-day workshop. Journal of Clinical Urology 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415815574176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Blach
- Department of Urology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Mark Emberton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, UK
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Abstract
A 55-year-old man presented with an acute, painful groin mass with signs of sepsis. On examination, it was difficult to tell whether this was a strangulated hernia or a testicular torsion. Biochemical investigations revealed raised inflammatory markers and radiological investigations showed a rare inflammatory condition, vasitis, which could be mistaken for various other 'surgical' groin masses. This case report summarises the importance of realising the vast differential diagnoses that come with acute groin masses and how imaging can prevent unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Patel
- Department of Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Department of Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sandeep Pathak
- Department of Radiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John Peters
- Department of Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Lamb B, Lettin J, Malik S, Graham S. MP73-18 INCIDENCE OF RAISED SERUM CREATININE IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH UNILATERAL ACUTE URETERIC COLIC. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jalil R, Lamb B, Russ S, Sevdalis N, Green JS. The cancer multi-disciplinary team from the coordinators' perspective: results from a national survey in the UK. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12:457. [PMID: 23237502 PMCID: PMC3539898 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The MDT-Coordinators’ role is relatively new, and as such it is evolving. What is apparent is that the coordinator’s work is pivotal to the effectiveness and efficiency of an MDT. This study aimed to assess the views and needs of MDT-coordinators. Methods Views of MDT-coordinators were evaluated through an online survey that covered their current practice and role, MDT chairing, opinions on how to improve MDT meetings, and coordinators’ educational/training needs. Results 265 coordinators responded to the survey. More than one third of the respondents felt that the job plan does not reflect their actual duties. It was reported that medical members of the MDT always contribute to case discussions. 66.9% of the respondents reported that the MDTs are chaired by Surgeons. The majority reported having training on data management and IT skills but more than 50% reported that they felt further training is needed in areas of Oncology, Anatomy and physiology, audit and research, peer-review, and leadership skills. Conclusions MDT-Coordinators’ role is central to the care of cancer patients. The study reveals areas of training requirements that remain unmet. Improving the resources and training available to MDT-coordinators can give them an opportunity to develop the required additional skills and contribute to improved MDT performance and ultimately cancer care. Finally, this study looks forward to the impact of the recent launch of a new e-learning training programme for MDT coordinators and discusses implications for future research.
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Taylor C, Brown K, Lamb B, Harris J, Sevdalis N, Green JSA. Developing and testing TEAM (Team Evaluation and Assessment Measure), a self-assessment tool to improve cancer multidisciplinary teamwork. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19:4019-27. [PMID: 22820934 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are well established worldwide and are an expensive resource yet no standardised tools exist to measure performance. We aimed to develop and test an MDT self-assessment tool underpinned by literature review and consensus from over 2000 UK MDT members about the "characteristics of an effective MDT." METHODS Questionnaire items relating to all characteristics of MDTs (particularly Leadership and Chairing; Teamworking and Culture; Patient-centred care; Clinical decision-making process; and Organisation and administration during meetings) were developed by an expert panel. Acceptability, feasibility and psychometric properties were tested by online completion of the questionnaire by 23 MDTs from 4 UK NHS Trusts followed by interviews with 74 team members including members from all teams and nonresponders. 10 of the MDTs also completed questionnaires that directly translated each characteristic to an item (for the five domains above) to test content validity. RESULTS A total of 47 items were created, each rated for agreement on a 5-point scale. A total of 329 (52 %) of 637 team members completed the questionnaire, including representation from medical, nursing and clerical MDT members. Responses correlated well with domain-specific questionnaires (r > 0.67, p = 0.01), most domain-scales had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha > 0.60), and good item discrimination (majority of items r < 0.20). Team members were positive about its value. CONCLUSIONS Self-assessment of team performance using this tool may support MDT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taylor
- Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, England.
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Marzouk S, Mecci AJ, Gan JH, Allchorne P, Lamb B, Green J. Does the 2 week wait referral process have an impact on bladder cancer prognosis? Int J Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.06.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jalil R, Lamb B, Sevdalis N, Green J. The multi-disciplinary team (MDT) from the coordinators' prospective. Report of the MDT-coordinators' survey. Int J Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.06.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lamb B, Jalil R, Shah S, Green J, Allchorne P, Sevdalis N. Urology cancer patients' views on multidisciplinary team (MDT) working. A pilot study. Int J Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.06.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lamb B, Payne H, Vincent C, Sevdalis N, Green JSA. The role of oncologists in multidisciplinary cancer teams in the UK: an untapped resource for team leadership? J Eval Clin Pract 2011; 17:1200-6. [PMID: 20666886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the UK, cancer care is managed via multidisciplinary teams (MDT). Core members of these teams are typically surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists and clinical nurse specialists (with other health care professionals potentially present). Good teamwork, including team communication and leadership, has been shown to be a prerequisite for safe care delivery in other health care contexts, but cancer MDT team working processes are yet to be fully explored. This study aimed to assess the self-perceived contribution of oncologists to MDTs, with emphasis on their potential role as team leaders. METHODS Data were collected at the British Uro-oncology Group 6th Annual Meeting (Sep 11-12 2009, York, UK). Respondents completed various items related to their perceived contribution to MDTs, aspects of current and potential MDT leadership, team decision making in these meetings, and also demographic information. RESULTS Seventy-seven oncologists attended the meeting, of whom 61 fully completed the survey (response rate 79%). Oncologists reported that their contribution to the MDT discussion carries equal weight to those of surgeons, radiologists and pathologists. Whereas 83% of respondents reported that MDT chairmanship could rotate, only 39% reported that it does in their own MDTs. More than 90% of respondents thought that oncologists (clinical or medical) could chair these meetings, but only 25% of them had ever chaired their own MDT. CONCLUSIONS Despite a high level of contribution to MDTs and the respect of their colleagues, oncologists are not taking leadership roles within MDTs at the level that they expect. This study raises the question of whether a re-evaluation the leadership of MDTs is required with clinicians from a variety of specialities being given opportunities to develop skills necessary to lead cancer MDTs and improve team performance and ultimately cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lamb
- Centre for Patient Safety and Service Quality, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Eleftheriadou V, Whitton ME, Gawkrodger DJ, Batchelor J, Corne J, Lamb B, Ersser S, Ravenscroft J, Thomas KS. Future research into the treatment of vitiligo: where should our priorities lie? Results of the vitiligo priority setting partnership. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:530-6. [PMID: 21128908 PMCID: PMC3084501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is the most frequent depigmentation disorder of the skin and is cosmetically and psychologically devastating. A recently updated Cochrane systematic review 'Interventions for vitiligo' showed that the research evidence for treatment of vitiligo is poor, making it difficult to make firm recommendations for clinical practice. OBJECTIVES To stimulate and steer future research in the field of vitiligo treatment, by identifying the 10 most important research areas for patients and clinicians. METHODS A vitiligo priority setting partnership was established including patients, healthcare professionals and researchers with an interest in vitiligo. Vitiligo treatment uncertainties were gathered from patients and clinicians, and then prioritized in a transparent process, using a methodology advocated by the James Lind Alliance. RESULTS In total, 660 treatment uncertainties were submitted by 461 participants. These were reduced to a list of the 23 most popular topics through an online/paper voting process. The 23 were then prioritized at a face-to-face workshop in London. The final list of the top 10 treatment uncertainties included interventions such as systemic immunosuppressants, topical treatments, light therapy, melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues, gene therapy, and the impact of psychological interventions on the quality of life of patients with vitiligo. CONCLUSIONS The top 10 research areas for the treatment of vitiligo provide guidance for researchers and funding bodies, to ensure that future research answers questions that are important both to clinicians and to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Eleftheriadou
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, UK
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Whittle A, Patki P, Lamb B, Irshad S, Bycroft J, Green J. A two year prospective audit of emergency urological admissions, investigations and training opportunities at a district general hospital. Int J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lamb B, Sevdalis N, Taylor C, Green J. Does one size fit all? Cancer MDT working across different tumour types. Int J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Decisions in surgical oncology are increasingly being made by multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs). Although MDTs have been widely accepted as the preferred model for cancer service delivery, the process of decision making has not been well described and there is little evidence pointing to the ideal structure of an MDT. Performance in surgery has been shown to depend on non-technical skills, such as decision making, as well as patient factors and the technical skills of the healthcare team. Application of this systems approach to MDT working allows the identification of factors that affect the quality of decision making for cancer patients. In this article we review the literature on decision making in surgical oncology and by drawing from the systems approach to surgical performance we provide a framework for understanding the process of decision making in MDTs. Technical factors that affect decision making include the information about patients, robust ICT and video-conferencing equipment, a minimum dataset with expert review of radiological and pathological information, implementation and recording of the MDTs decision. Non-technical factors with an impact on decision making include attendance of team members at meetings, leadership, teamwork, open discussion, consensus on decisions and communication with patients and primary care. Optimising these factors will strengthen the decision making process and raise the quality of care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lamb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK.
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Lamb B. Quality improvement for doctors – it's essential. Med Chir Trans 2009; 102:310. [DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.2009.090199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lamb
- Clinical Safety Research Unit, Department of Surgery and Biotechnology, Imperial College London5th Floor, St May's Medical School Building, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of UrologyWhipps Cross University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
This unit provides a set of protocols for introducing large insert DNA into cultured mammalian cells and embryos. Two different methods, spheroplast fusion and lipofection, are described for effecting transfer of YACs or gel-purified YAC DNA into cells. Additional protocols discuss preparing and transferring BACs into cells by lipofection and into embryos by microinjection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Rolka DB, Narayan KM, Thompson TJ, Goldman D, Lindenmayer J, Alich K, Bacall D, Benjamin EM, Lamb B, Stuart DO, Engelgau MM. Performance of recommended screening tests for undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycemia. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:1899-903. [PMID: 11679454 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.11.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance, in settings typical of opportunistic and community screening programs, of screening tests currently recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for detecting undiagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Volunteers aged > or =20 years without previously diagnosed diabetes (n = 1,471) completed a brief questionnaire and underwent recording of postprandial time and measurement of capillary blood glucose (CBG) with a portable sensor. Participants subsequently underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; fasting serum glucose (FSG) and 2-h postload serum glucose (2-h SG) concentrations were measured. The screening tests we studied included the ADA risk assessment questionnaire, the recommended CBG cut point of 140 mg/dl, and an alternative CBG cut point of 120 mg/dl. Each screening test was evaluated against several diagnostic criteria for diabetes (FSG > or =126 mg/dl, 2-h SG > or =200 mg/dl, or either) and dysglycemia (FSG > or =110 mg/dl, 2-h SG > or =140 mg/dl, or either). RESULTS Among all participants, 10.7% had undiagnosed diabetes (FSG > or =126 or 2-h SG > or =200 mg/dl), 52.1% had a positive result on the questionnaire, 9.5% had CBG > or =140 mg/dl, and 18.4% had CBG > or =120 mg/dl. The questionnaire was 72-78% sensitive and 50-51% specific for the three diabetes diagnostic criteria; CBG > or =140 mg/dl was 56-65% sensitive and 95-96% specific, and CBG > or =120 mg/dl was 75-84% sensitive and 86-90% specific. CBG > or =120 mg/dl was 44-62% sensitive and 89-90% specific for dysglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Low specificity may limit the usefulness of the ADA questionnaire. Lowering the cut point for a casual CBG test (e.g., to 120 mg/dl) may improve sensitivity and still provide adequate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Rolka
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Hurst JM, Barket DJ, Herrera-Gomez O, Couch TL, Shepson PB, Faloona I, Tan D, Brune W, Westberg H, Lamb B, Biesenthal T, Young V, Goldstein A, Munger JW, Thornberry T, Carroll MA. Investigation of the nighttime decay of isoprene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barna M, Lamb B, Westberg H. Modeling the effects of VOC/NOx emissions on ozone synthesis in the cascadia airshed of the Pacific Northwest. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2001; 51:1021-1034. [PMID: 15658221 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2001.10464330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A modeling system consisting of MM5, Calmet, and Calgrid was used to investigate the sensitivity of anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) reductions on ozone formation within the Cascadia airshed of the Pacific Northwest. An ozone episode that occurred on July 11-14, 1996, was evaluated. During this event, high ozone levels were recorded at monitors downwind of Seattle, WA, and Portland, OR, with one monitor exceeding the 1 hr/120 ppb National Ambient Air Quality Standard (at 148 ppb), and six monitors above the proposed 8 hr/80 ppb standard (at 82-130 ppb). For this particular case, significant emissions reductions, between 25 and 75%, would be required to decrease peak ozone concentrations to desired levels. Reductions in VOC emissions alone, or a combination of reduced VOC and NOx emissions, were generally found to be most effective; reducing NOx emissions alone resulted in increased ozone in the Seattle area. When only VOC emissions were curtailed, ozone reductions occurred in the immediate vicinity of densely populated areas, while NOx reductions resulted in more widespread ozone reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barna
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2910, USA
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