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Wu KJ, Lien JC, Wu CR. Puerarin Attenuates Cycloheximide-Induced Oxidative Damage and Memory-Consolidation Impairment in Rats. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:17. [PMID: 38287862 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2301017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloheximide (CXM), an antifungal antibiotic, causes impaired memory consolidation as a side effect partially by disturbing the activities of the central catecholaminergic and cholinergic system. Some reports indicated that puerarin prevented memory impairment in various models in rodents. However, the protective effects of puerarin on the side effects of cycloheximide for memory consolidation impairment have not yet been investigated. METHODS The protective effects of puerarin on CXM-induced memory-consolidation impairment, and memory impairment produced by central administration of AF64A neurotoxin, were investigated using a passive avoidance task in rats. A combination of transmitter receptor agonists and antagonists was used to explore the effects of puerarin on nervous system function. The activity of antioxidant defense systems and neurotransmitter systems in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were assayed. RESULTS Systemic (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) or central (5 and 10 µg/brain, i.c.v.) administration of puerarin attenuated CXM-induced memory-consolidation impairment produced by 1.5 mg/kg CXM (s.c.) in rats. The improvements produced by 50 mg/kg puerarin were blocked by cholinergic antagonists, a 5-HT2 receptor agonist, and an adrenergic receptor antagonist. Puerarin (only at 50 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the CXM-induced alterations of the levels of norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and the levels of monoamines in the hippocampus. Puerarin also increased antioxidant-defense-system activities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which had been decreased by CXM. CONCLUSIONS We suggested that the attenuating effects of puerarin on CXM-induced memory-consolidation impairment may be due to decrease oxidative damage and the normalition of the neurotransmitter function in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
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Chao CL, Kuo HP, Huang HW, Cheng MY, Chao HF, Lu SM, Lin HC, Wang CJ, Chang TC, Wu CR. Poria cocos Lanostane Triterpenoids Extract Promotes Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Production in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2130. [PMID: 38004270 PMCID: PMC10672192 DOI: 10.3390/life13112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The global aging population is expanding at an increasingly rapid pace, with approximately one-fourth of the world's population expected to be composed of elderly individuals by 2050. Aging skin is one of the major characteristics expressed in the elderly. The study comprehensively utilizes both cell and animal experiments to confirm the skin anti-aging effects of Poria cocos (P. cocos), which is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines classified as tonic Chinese medicine, commonly used to treat physical weakness and aging-associated diseases. We demonstrate in this study that P. cocos lanostane triterpenoids extract (Lipucan®) ameliorates aging skin and promotes collagen accumulation and hyaluronic acid production in galactose-induced aging rats. Purified lanostane triterpenoids were initially identified as active components in P. cocos, which significantly increased collagen and hyaluronic acid levels in cultured human skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Chao
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-W.H.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-F.C.); (S.-M.L.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Han-Peng Kuo
- SynCore Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Wen Huang
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-W.H.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-F.C.); (S.-M.L.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Maw-Yeun Cheng
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-W.H.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-F.C.); (S.-M.L.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hsin-Fan Chao
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-W.H.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-F.C.); (S.-M.L.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Shih-Min Lu
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-W.H.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-F.C.); (S.-M.L.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hang-Ching Lin
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-W.H.); (M.-Y.C.); (H.-F.C.); (S.-M.L.); (H.-C.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jih Wang
- Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Hangzhou 311100, China;
| | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Wu CR, Zhou HL, Jia LM, Chen BC, Wu HY. First Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Ormosia hosiei in China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1534. [PMID: 34753315 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1975-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C R Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - H L Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - L M Jia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - B C Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - H Y Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Lai CY, Lin CY, Wu CR, Tsai CH, Tsai CW. Carnosic Acid Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia and Cell Death in 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned Rats and in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703894. [PMID: 34434108 PMCID: PMC8381221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of carnosic acid (CA) from rosemary on the levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). To establish the model of LID, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg L-dopa once a day for 36 days. Rats were daily administrated with 3 or 15 mg/kg CA by oral intubation prior to L-dopa injection for 4 days. Rats pretreated with CA had reduced L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and ALO scores (a sum of axial, limb, and orofacial scores). Moreover, the increases of dopamine D1-receptor, p-DARPP-32, ΔFosB, p-ERK1/2, and p-c-Jun ser63, along with the decrease in p-c-Jun ser73, induced by L-dopa in 6-OHDA-treated rats were significantly reversed by pretreatment with CA. In addition, we used the model of SH-SY5Y cells to further examine the neuroprotective mechanisms of CA on L-dopa-induced cytotoxicity. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CA for 18 h, and then co-treated with 400 μM L-dopa for the indicated time points. The results showed that pretreatment of CA attenuated the cell death and nuclear condensation induced by L-dopa. By the immunoblots, the reduction of Bcl-2, p-c-Jun ser73, and parkin and the induction of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, p-ERK1/2, p-c-Jun ser63, and ubiquitinated protein by L-dopa were improved in cells pretreated with CA. In conclusion, CA ameliorates the development of LID via regulating the D1R signaling and prevents L-dopa-induced apoptotic cell death through modulating the ERK1/2-c-Jun and inducing the parkin. This study suggested that CA can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of LID for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Lai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen KC, Wu CR, Lien JC. Molecular interaction of cytotoxic anticancer analogues as inhibitors of β-tubulin protein against UACC-62 melanoma cell. J Biochem 2021; 169:621-627. [PMID: 33475142 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous research, a series of cytotoxic anticancer analogues related to 2-acylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives has been demonstrated. As microtubule plays an important role in many essential cellular processes such as mitosis, tubulin is an important target of anticancer drug. This study performed molecular docking simulation, pharmacophore model, comparative force field analysis model and comparative similarity indices analysis model to investigate the relationship between inhibitory activities and the properties of compounds, in order to further progress the development of cytotoxic anticancer analogues. These compounds have common H-bond interactions with key residues Lys254 and Lys352, but compounds with large R2 substituent have different docking poses than compounds with small R2 substituent. Some of derivatives such as compound 18 formed the H-bonds with residue Lys254 using the oxygen atoms in R1 substituent and formed π-cation interactions with residue Lys352 using phenyl moiety of 1,4-naphthoquinone. The R1 substituent of these compounds preferred to have disfavoured hydrophobic fields and favourable space towards the direction of residue Asn258, while the R2 substituent of these compounds preferred to have about 2-3 carbon chain length hydrophobic substituent towards the direction of residues Ala316 and Lys352. These results offer some beneficial advices for further study in anticancer drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy.,Master Program of Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Zhao ZW, Chang HC, Ching H, Lien JC, Huang HC, Wu CR. Antioxidant Effects and Phytochemical Properties of Seven Taiwanese Cirsium Species Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133935. [PMID: 34203213 PMCID: PMC8272034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, we compared the radical-scavenging activities and phenolic contents of seven Taiwanese Cirsium species with a spectrophotometric method. We further analyzed their phytochemical profiles with high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–DAD). We found that the flower part of Cirsium japonicum var. australe (CJF) showed the best radical-scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and the hypochlorite ion, for which the equivalents were 6.44 ± 0.17 mg catechin/g, 54.85 ± 0.66 mmol Trolox/g and 418.69 ± 10.52 mmol Trolox/g respectively. CJF also had the highest contents of total phenolics (5.23 ± 0.20 mg catechin/g) and phenylpropanoids (29.73 ± 0.72 mg verbascoside/g). According to the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, there was a positive correlation between the total phenylpropanoid content and ABTS radical-scavenging activities (r = 0.979). The radical-scavenging activities of the phenylpropanoids are closely related to their reducing power (r = 0.986). HPLC chromatograms obtained in validated HPLC conditions confirm that they have different phytochemical profiles by which they can be distinguished. Only CJF contained silicristin (0.66 ± 0.03 mg/g) and silydianin (9.13 ± 0.30 mg/g). CJF contained the highest contents of apigenin (5.56 ± 0.09 mg/g) and diosmetin (2.82 ± 0.10 mg/g). Among the major constituents, silicristin had the best radical-scavenging activities against DPPH (71.68 ± 0.66 mg catechin/g) and ABTS (3.01 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g). However, diosmetin had the best reducing power and radical-scavenging activity against the hypochlorite anion (41.57 ± 1.14 mg mmol Trolox/g). Finally, we found that flavonolignans (especial silicristin and silydianin) and diosmetin acted synergistically in scavenging radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zhao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Hui Ching
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5506)
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Lin LW, Tsai FH, Lan WC, Cheng YD, Lee SC, Wu CR. Steroid-Enriched Fraction of Achyranthes bidentata Protects Amyloid β Peptide 1-40-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5671-5688. [PMID: 30666561 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis and dementia in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological reports evidenced that AB possessed anti-osteoarthritis effects. However, there is little literature about the anti-dementia activities of AB. The present study was designed to prepare steroid-enriched fraction of AB (ABS) and investigate whether ABS can protect from cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation against Aβ 1-40-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model in rats. ABS only contained 135.11 ± 4.28 mg of ecdysterone per gram. ABS (50 mg/kg) reversed the dysfunction of exploratory activity and memory function on plus-maze and Morris water maze caused by Aβ 1-40 in rats. ABS (50 mg/kg) also decreased amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle, neural damage, activated astrocyte, and microglial caused by Aβ 1-40. Furthermore, ABS reversed the phenomenon of neural oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, including the higher levels of MDA and cytokines, and the lower activities of antioxidant enzymes and GSH levels caused by Aβ 1-40 in rat cortex and hippocampus. Finally, ABS restored the activation of ERK pathway and decreased NF-κB phosphorylation and translocation altered by Aβ 1-40. ABS alone (50 mg/kg) promoted cognitive function, activated brain antioxidant defense system, and decreased brain TNF-α levels in sham group. Therefore, ABS has the cognition-promoting and antidementia potential. Steroids especial ecdysterone are major active components of AB. The action mechanism is due to decreasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through modulating ERK pathway, NF-κB phosphorylation, and translocation in Aβ 1-40-induced AD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Cheng Lan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Dih Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Lee
- Pintung Branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pitung, 91245, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Chang HC, Liu KF, Teng CJ, Lai SC, Yang SE, Ching H, Wu CR. Sophora Tomentosa Extract Prevents MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in C57BL/6 Mice Via the Inhibition of GSK-3β Phosphorylation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020252. [PMID: 30678114 PMCID: PMC6412387 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sophora species are used as dietary medicines in aging-associated symptoms. Sophora tomentosa L. (ST) is a native medicinal plant in Southeast Asia; however, there is no pharmacological literature about ST extract. The present study evaluates the antioxidant phytoconstituent contents and radical scavenging capacities of ST extract. The further investigation was to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism of ST extract against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism by assaying the activities of the dopaminergic system and antioxidant defenses, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3-β) phosphorylation, and α-synuclein levels in C57BL/6 mice. The results show that ST extract alleviated the motor deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism with four behavioral tests, including a rearing locomotor, catalepsy test, balance beam walking test, and pole test. ST extract reversed the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in substantia nigra (SN) that had decreased by MPTP. ST extract also restored the decreased levels of dopamine and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum. Furthermore, ST extract restored the levels of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse striatum. ST extract also decreased α-synuclein overexpression and GSK-3β phosphorylation in mouse striatum. In vitro, ST extract exerted higher 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities through its higher phenolic contents, especially protocatechuic acid and epicatechin. These results suggest that ST extract has the potential to counteract MPTP-induced motor deficit. The neuroprotective mechanism of ST extract against MPTP-induced Parkinsonism might be related to decreasing GSK-3β phosphorylation and restoring the activities of striatal antioxidant defenses to restore the nigrostriatal dopaminergic function and decrease α-synuclein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41394, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Fan Liu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jen Teng
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43550, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Er Yang
- Department of Beauty Science and Graduate, Institute of Beauty Science Technology, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.
| | - Hui Ching
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 40343, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Lin LW, Tsai FS, Yang WT, Lai SC, Shih CC, Lee SC, Wu CR. Differential change in cortical and hippocampal monoamines, and behavioral patterns in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21:1026-1034. [PMID: 30524676 PMCID: PMC6281071 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.29810.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder worldwide. Clinical physicians have found diabetic patients have mild to middle cognitive dysfunction and an alteration of brain monoaminergic function. This study explored the change in various patterns of behavioral models and brain monoamine function under streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods We established a type 1 DM model via intravenous injection with STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats. Three weeks after the STZ injection, various behavioral measurements including the inhibitory avoidance test, active avoidance test and Morris water maze were conducted. Finally, all rats were dissected and the concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites in cortex and hippocampus were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Results We found that STZ induced type 1 diabetes (hyperglycemia and lack of insulin) in rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats had cognitive impairment in acquisition sessions and long-term retention of the active avoidance test. STZ-induced diabetic rats also had cognitive impairment in spatial learning, reference and working memory of the Morris water maze. STZ significantly reduced concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in the cortex and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus, but increased concentrations of DA and serotonin (5-HT) in the cortex 35 days after injection. The concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampus was also significantly increased. Conclusion The data suggested that this cognitive impairment after a short-term period of STZ injection might be related to cortical NE dysfunction, differential alteration of cortical and hippocampal DA function, and brain 5-HT hyperfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccal aureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccal aureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Yang
- Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chih Lai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Shih
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccal aureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Lee
- Pintung Branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pintung 91245, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Huang J, Chang JF, Wu CR, Heidbrink WW, Salewski M, Madsen B, Zhu YB, von Hellermann MG, Gao W, Xu Z, Wan B. Fast ion D-alpha measurements using a bandpass-filtered system on EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10D121. [PMID: 30399922 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the charge exchange reaction between fast ions and a neutral beam, fast ion features can be inferred from the spectrum of Doppler-shifted Balmer-alpha light from energetic hydrogenic atoms. In order to study the interaction between instabilities and fast-ion transport, recently we extended the fast ion D-alpha (FIDA) measurements by using a combination of a bandpass filter and a photomultiplier tube (PMT) (f-FIDA). A bandpass filter selects the desired spectral band from 651 nm to 654 nm before detection by the PMT. Preliminary data from the EAST tokamak show that the active signals have been detected from reneutralized beam ions along the vertical and tangential viewing geometries. The details will be presented in this paper to primarily address the specifications and performance of f-FIDA hardware components and preliminary FIDA measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Heidbrink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Salewski
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B Madsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Y B Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Xu
- Advanced Energy Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - B Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wu CR, Huang J, Chang JF, Zhang J, Zhou RJ, Xu Z, Gao W, Isobe M, Ogawa K, Lin SY, Hu LQ, Li JG. Performance of fast-ion loss diagnostic on EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10I144. [PMID: 30399726 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The scintillator-based detector for fast-ion loss measurements has been installed on EAST. To obtain high temporal resolution for fast-ion loss diagnostics, fast photomultiplier tube systems have been developed which can supply the complementary measurements to the previous image system with good energy and pitch resolution by using a CCD camera. By applying the rotatable platform, the prompt losses of beam-ions can be measured in normal and reverse magnetic field. The thick-target bremsstrahlung occurring in the stainless steel shield with energetic electrons can produce X-rays, which will strike on the scintillator based detector. To understand this interference on fast-ion loss signals, the effects of energetic electrons on the scintillator-based detector are studied, including runaway electrons in the plasma ramping-up phase and fast electrons accelerated by the lower hybrid wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - R J Zhou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Xu
- Advanced Energy Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - M Isobe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5259, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5259, Japan
| | - S Y Lin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Q Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J G Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yang HL, Korivi M, Lin MK, Chang HCW, Wu CR, Lee MS, Chen WTL, Hseu YC. Antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of pearl powder against 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis and oxidative damage to erythrocyte membrane lipids and proteins. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:898-907. [PMID: 28987367 PMCID: PMC9328879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl powder, a well-known traditional mineral medicine, is reported to be used for well-being and to treat several diseases from centuries in Taiwan and China. We investigated the in vitro antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of pearl powder that could protect erythrocytes against 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage to membrane proteins/lipids. Human erythrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of pearl powder (50–200 μg/mL) for 30 minutes and then exposed to AAPH for 2–6 hours. We found that AAPH alone time dependently increased the oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes, while pearl powder pretreatment substantially inhibited the hemolysis in a concentration-/time-dependent manner. AAPH-induced oxidative damage to erythrocyte membrane lipids was evidenced by the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, pearl powder remarkably inhibited the malondialdehyde formation, and the 200 μg/mL concentration showed almost similar malondialdehyde values to the control. Furthermore, pearl powder suppressed the AAPH-induced high-molecular-weight protein formation and concomitantly increased the low-molecular-weight proteins in erythrocytes. Antioxidant potential that was measured as superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content was significantly dropped by AAPH incubation, which suggests the vulnerability of erythrocytes to AAPH-induced oxidative stress. Noteworthy, erythrocytes pretreated with pearl powder showed restored superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels against AAPH-induced loss. Our findings conclude that pearl powder attenuate free radical-induced hemolysis and oxidative damage to erythrocyte membrane lipids/proteins. The potent antioxidant property of pearl powder may offer protection from free radical-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Rei Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding authors. College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (W.T.-L. Chen); Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences China Medical University, 91 Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.-C. Hseu). E-mail addresses: (W.T.-L. Chen), (Y.-C. Hseu)
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding authors. College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (W.T.-L. Chen); Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences China Medical University, 91 Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.-C. Hseu). E-mail addresses: (W.T.-L. Chen), (Y.-C. Hseu)
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Abstract
Lupeol belongs to pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes and exhibits in edible vegetables, fruits and many plants. Many researches indicated that lupeol possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-mutagenic effects. From various disease-targeted animal models, these reports indicated that lupeol has anti-diabetic, anti-asthma, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer efficiency under various routes of administration such as topical, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous. It is worth mentioning that clinical trials of lupeol were performed to treat canine oral malignant melanoma and human moderate skin acne in Japan and Korea. The detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities was further reviewed from published papers. These evidence indicate that lupeol is a multi-target agent to exert diverse pharmacological potency with many potential targeting proteins such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and TCA cycle enzymes and targeting pathway such as IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (IRAK-TLR4), Bcl-2 family, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review also provides suggestion that lupeol might be a valuable and potential lead compound to develop as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Lin CY, Fu RH, Chou RH, Chen JH, Wu CR, Chang SW, Tsai CW. Inhibition of JNK by pi class of glutathione S -transferase through PKA/CREB pathway is associated with carnosic acid protection against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shiao YJ, Su MH, Lin HC, Wu CR. Echinacoside ameliorates the memory impairment and cholinergic deficit induced by amyloid beta peptides via the inhibition of amyloid deposition and toxicology. Food Funct 2017; 8:2283-2294. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the amyloid cascade and central neuronal function on the protective effects of echinacoside in amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and an Aβ 1-42-infused rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Ministry of Health and Welfare
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwan Su
- School of Pharmacy
- National Defense Medical Center
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co
| | - Hang-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- National Defense Medical Center
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources
- College of Pharmacy
- China Medical University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
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Chen CC, Agrawal DC, Lee MR, Lee RJ, Kuo CL, Wu CR, Tsay HS, Chang HC. Influence of LED light spectra on in vitro somatic embryogenesis and LC-MS analysis of chlorogenic acid and rutin in Peucedanum japonicum Thunb.: a medicinal herb. Bot Stud 2016; 57:9. [PMID: 28597418 PMCID: PMC5430566 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peucedanum japonicum Thunb, an important medicinal herb is reported to possess pharmacological properties such as anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet aggregation. The present study aimed to develop an in vitro plant regeneration system of P. japonicum via somatic embryogenesis and to analyse chlorogenic acid and rutin contents in a few commercially available plant products of P. japonicum in Japan and Taiwan markets, and tissue culture plants derived from somatic embryos. RESULTS Induction of somatic embryogenesis could be achieved when root derived calli after three subcultures were transferred from Murashige Skoog's salts and vitamins (MS basal) medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.1-5 mg/L) to a medium with abscisic acid (ABA) (0.5-4 mg/L), or exposed to eight different light spectra provided by light-emitting diode (LED) sources. Concentrations of ABA and LED light spectra had an influence on number of somatic embryos induced and proliferation of callus. Development of secondary somatic embryos and conversion of embryos to plantlets was achieved on a medium with ABA, or their exposure to red or blue lights in a special incubation chamber. Four months old tissue culture plants derived from somatic embryos showed significantly higher levels of chlorogenic acid (10.5 mg/g dw) compared to commercial product sold in Japanese market (0.55 mg/g dw). However, rutin was absent in tissue culture plants in contrast to commercial sample (0.33 mg/g dw). CONCLUSION In this report, we describe in vitro plant regeneration system in P. japonicum via somatic embryogenesis and production of chlorogenic acid in tissue culture plants. The present study has application in further tissue culture propagation of elite plant material with high chlorogenic acid content, and identification of high yielding plants with the LC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349 Taiwan
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jye Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Sheng Tsay
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349 Taiwan
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349 Taiwan
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349 Taiwan
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Lin YC, Chang CW, Wu CR. Antitussive, anti-pyretic and toxicological evaluation of Ma-Xing-Gan-Shi-Tang in rodents. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:456. [PMID: 27832784 PMCID: PMC5105301 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ma-Xing-Gan-Shi-Tang (abbreviated as MXGST), an important Chinese herbal prescribed for cough, bronchial inflammation and fever from pneumonia, consists of four medicinal herbs, including Ephedrae herb, Semen Pruni Armeniacae, licorice and Gypsum. These components, especially Ephedrae and Semen Pruni Armeniacae, possess antitussive activities, but they have severe adverse effects. Methods The pharmacological activities of MXGST extract in clinical use were investigated with citric acid-induced cough, acetylcholine/histamine-induced bronchial contraction and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rodents. The subacute toxicology of MXGST extract was evaluated after a 28-day repeated oral administration in rats. Results Each gram of MXGST extract contained 60 ± 8 μg of ephedrine, 480 ± 40 μg of glycyrrhizic acid and 440 ± 8 μg of amygdalin according to high performance liquid chromatography and a photodiode array detector. MXGST extract produced pronounced, dose-dependent antitussive effects in guinea pigs and reduced hyperthermic syndrome induced by LPS in rats. MXGST extract blocked the bronchial contraction induced by acetylcholine/histamine. Oral administration of MXGST extract for 28 days did not cause any hematological, biochemical or histological changes in rats. Conclusions MXGST extract is a safer, more effective Chinese prescription with antitussive and anti-pyretic effects. The antitussive mechanism of MXGST is related to partially relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle by blocking acetylcholinergic and histaminergic receptors.
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Chang JF, Isobe M, Ogawa K, Huang J, Wu CR, Xu Z, Jin Z, Lin SY, Hu LQ. Scintillator-based fast ion loss measurements in the EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E728. [PMID: 27910330 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new scintillator-based fast ion loss detector (FILD) has been installed on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to investigate the fast ion loss behavior in high performance plasma with neutral beam injection (NBI) and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). A two dimensional 40 mm × 40 mm scintillator-coated (ZnS:Ag) stainless plate is mounted in the front of the detector, capturing the escaping fast ions. Photons from the scintillator plate are imaged with a Phantom V2010 CCD camera. The lost fast ions can be measured with the pitch angle from 60° to 120° and the gyroradius from 10 mm to 180 mm. This paper will describe the details of FILD diagnostic on EAST and describe preliminary measurements during NBI and ICRH heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - M Isobe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5259, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5259, Japan
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Y Lin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Q Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Hou YM, Wu CR, Huang J, Heidbrink WW, von Hellermann MG, Xu Z, Jin Z, Chang JF, Zhu YB, Gao W, Chen YJ, Lyu B, Hu RJ, Zhang PF, Zhang L, Gao W, Wu ZW, Yu Y, Ye MY. Fast-ion D α spectrum diagnostic in the EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E552. [PMID: 27910605 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In toroidal magnetic fusion devices, fast-ion D-alpha diagnostic (FIDA) is a powerful method to study the fast-ion feature. The fast-ion characteristics can be inferred from the Doppler shifted spectrum of Dα light according to charge exchange recombination process between fast ions and probe beam. Since conceptual design presented in the last HTPD conference, significant progress has been made to apply FIDA systems on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Both co-current and counter-current neutral beam injectors are available, and each can deliver 2-4 MW beam power with 50-80 keV beam energy. Presently, two sets of high throughput spectrometer systems have been installed on EAST, allowing to capture passing and trapped fast-ion characteristics simultaneously, using Kaiser HoloSpec transmission grating spectrometer and Bunkoukeiki FLP-200 volume phase holographic spectrometer coupled with Princeton Instruments ProEM 1024B eXcelon and Andor DU-888 iXon3 1024 CCD camera, respectively. This paper will present the details of the hardware descriptions and experimental spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Hou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - W W Heidbrink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M G von Hellermann
- Diagnostic Team, ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, Saint Paul Lez Durance 13067, France
| | - Z Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y B Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - R J Hu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z W Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y Yu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - M Y Ye
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Huang J, Heidbrink WW, von Hellermann MG, Stagner L, Wu CR, Hou YM, Chang JF, Ding SY, Chen YJ, Zhu YB, Jin Z, Xu Z, Gao W, Wang JF, Lyu B, Zang Q, Zhong GQ, Hu L, Wan B. Validation of fast-ion D-alpha spectrum measurements during EAST neutral-beam heated plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E542. [PMID: 27910390 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the fast ion behavior, a fast ion D-alpha (FIDA) diagnostic system has been installed on EAST. Fast ion features can be inferred from the Doppler shifted spectrum of Balmer-alpha light from energetic hydrogenic atoms. This paper will focus on the validation of FIDA measurements performed using MHD-quiescent discharges in 2015 campaign. Two codes have been applied to calculate the Dα spectrum: one is a Monte Carlo code, Fortran 90 version FIDASIM, and the other is an analytical code, Simulation of Spectra (SOS). The predicted SOS fast-ion spectrum agrees well with the measurement; however, the level of fast-ion part from FIDASIM is lower. The discrepancy is possibly due to the difference between FIDASIM and SOS velocity distribution function. The details will be presented in the paper to primarily address comparisons of predicted and observed spectrum shapes/amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Heidbrink
- University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M G von Hellermann
- Diagnostic Team, ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon 13067 St. Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - L Stagner
- University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y M Hou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S Y Ding
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y B Zhu
- University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Z Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J F Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Q Zang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - G Q Zhong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - B Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wu CR, Huang J, Gao W, Gao W, Xu Z, Chang JF, Hou YM, Jin Z, Xu JC, Duan YM, Zhang PF, Chen YJ, Zhang L, Wu ZW, Li JG. Measurement of the deuterium Balmer series line emission on EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D616. [PMID: 27910316 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Volume recombination plays an important role towards plasma detachment for magnetically confined fusion devices. High quantum number states of the Balmer series of deuterium are used to study recombination. On EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak), two visible spectroscopic measurements are applied for the upper/lower divertor with 13 channels, respectively. Both systems are coupled with Princeton Instruments ProEM EMCCD 1024B camera: one is equipped on an Acton SP2750 spectrometer, which has a high spectral resolution ∼0.0049 nm with 2400 gr/mm grating to measure the Dα(Hα) spectral line and with 1200 gr/mm grating to measure deuterium molecular Fulcher band emissions and another is equipped on IsoPlane SCT320 using 600 gr/mm to measure high-n Balmer series emission lines, allowing us to study volume recombination on EAST and to obtain the related line averaged plasma parameters (Te, ne) during EAST detached phases. This paper will present the details of the measurements and the characteristics of deuterium Balmer series line emissions during density ramp-up L-mode USN plasma on EAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y M Hou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J C Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y M Duan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z W Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J G Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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Xu Z, Wu ZW, Gao W, Chen YJ, Wu CR, Zhang L, Huang J, Chang JF, Yao XJ, Gao W, Zhang PF, Jin Z, Hou YM, Guo HY. Filterscope diagnostic system on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D429. [PMID: 27910502 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A filterscope diagnostic system has been mounted to observe the line emission and visible bremsstrahlung emission from plasma on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak during the 2014 campaign. By this diagnostic system, multiple wavelengths including Dα (656.1 nm), Dγ (433.9 nm), He ii (468.5 nm), Li i (670.8 nm), Li ii (548.3 nm), C iii (465.0 nm), O ii (441.5 nm), Mo i (386.4 nm), W i (400.9 nm), and visible bremsstrahlung radiation (538.0 nm) are monitored with corresponding wavelength filters. All these multi-channel signals are digitized at up to 200 kHz simultaneously. This diagnostic plays a crucial role in studying edge localized modes and H-mode plasmas, due to the high temporal resolution and spatial resolution that have been designed into it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Z W Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - C R Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J F Chang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - X J Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Z Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y M Hou
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H Y Guo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
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Wu LY, Chen WC, Tsai FS, Tsai CC, Wu CR, Lin LW. p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol, an Active Phenolic Ingredient of Gastrodia elata, Reverses the Cycloheximide-Induced Memory Deficit by Activating the Adrenal Gland in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2016; 43:1593-604. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the ameliorating effects of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), an active phenolic ingredient of Gastrodia elata, on cycloheximide (CXM)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response and clarified the role of adrenal glands on the effect of HBA in rats. An adrenalectomy (ADX) caused the memory deficit from 1 to 3 days after surgery. Administration of corticosterone (CORT) plus glucose completely recovered the memory deficit caused by ADX, and this effect was better than that of glucose or CORT alone. HBA ameliorated the memory deficit induced by CXM in sham and ADX rats, but ADX partially blocked it. Furthermore, plasma glucose, epinephrine and adrenal steroid levels of ADX rats significantly decreased. Sham rats who received HBA had an increase in plasma glucose and adrenal steroid levels. Therefore, we suggest that the reversal of CXM-induced memory deficit by HBA was partially dependent on adrenal glands through the increase of the levels of plasma adrenal steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yuan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
- E-DA Hospital, No. 1, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
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Lin CY, Wu CR, Chang SW, Wang YJ, Wu JJ, Tsai CW. Induction of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase by carnosic acid in rat Clone 9 cells via the p38/Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2015; 6:1936-43. [PMID: 25974399 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Induction of phase II enzymes is important in cancer chemoprevention. We compared the effect of rosemary diterpenes on the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) in rat liver Clone 9 cells and the signaling pathways involved. Culturing cells with 1, 5, 10, or 20 μM carnosic acid (CA) or carnosol (CS) for 24 h in a dose-dependent manner increased the GSTP expression. CA was more potent than CS. The RNA level and the enzyme activity of GSTP were also enhanced by CA treatment. Treatment with 10 μM CA highly induced the reporter activity of the enhancer element GPEI. Furthermore, CA markedly increased the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) from the cytosol to the nucleus after 30 to 60 min. CA the stimulated the protein induction of p38, nuclear Nrf2, and GSTP was diminished in the presence of SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). In addition, SB203580 pretreatment or silencing of Nrf2 by siRNA suppressed the CA-induced GPEI-DNA binding activity and GSTP protein expression. Knockdown of p38 or Nrf2 by siRNA abolished the activation of p38 and Nrf2 as well as the protein induction and enzyme activity of GSTP by CA. These results suggest that CA up-regulates the expression and enzyme activity of GSTP via the p38/Nrf2/GPEI pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Kuo HC, Chang HC, Lan WC, Tsai FH, Liao JC, Wu CR. Protective effects of Drynaria fortunei against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative damage in B35 cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2015; 5:1956-65. [PMID: 24971874 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the antioxidant and protective properties of the aqueous extract of two commercial Polydiaceae plants - Drynaria fortunei (DF) and Pseudodrynaria coronans (PC) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative damage in B35 neuroblastoma cells. The contents of their phytochemical profiles were determined by spectrophotometric methods and high performance liquid chromatography using a photodiode array detector. DF extract showed better effects than PC extract in scavenging ROS and inhibiting 6-OHDA autoxidation. Following exposure to 6-OHDA, B35 cells showed a marked decrease in cell survival and the activation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and the PI3K/AKT pathway, and then an increased level of lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment with DF extract blocked these 6-OHDA-induced cellular events. Naringin and epicatechin are major components of DF extract. These results show that DF extract exerts protective effects against 6-OHDA toxicity via radical scavenging activity and an increase in the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to elevate the levels of intracellular antioxidant enzymes including HO-1, NQO-1 and glutathione-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Kuo
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Tsai FS, Wu LY, Yang SE, Cheng HY, Tsai CC, Wu CR, Lin LW. Ferulic acid reverses the cognitive dysfunction caused by amyloid β peptide 1-40 through anti-oxidant activity and cholinergic activation in rats. Am J Chin Med 2015; 43:319-35. [PMID: 25807957 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction and oxidation stress are the dominant mechanisms of memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study describes how ferulic acid (FA) ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by mecamylamine (MECA), scopolamine (SCOP), central acetylcholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) and amyloid β peptide (Aβ1-40). This study also elucidates the role of anti-oxidant enzymes and cholinergic marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the reversal of FA from Aβ1-40-induced cognitive deficits in rats. At 100 mg/kg, FA attenuated impairment induced by MECA and SCOP plus MECA; however, this improvement was not blocked by the peripheral muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine methylbromide (M-SCOP). At 100 and 300 mg/kg, FA also attenuated the impairment of inhibitory passive avoidance induced by AF64A. Further, FA attenuated the performance impairment and memory deficit induced by Aβ1-40 in rats, as did vitamin E/C. FA reversed the deterioration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AChE activities, and the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Vitamin E/C only selectively reversed deterioration in the hippocampus. We suggest that FA reduced the progression of cognitive deficits by activating central muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Lin YC, Chang CW, Wu CR. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and toxicological evaluation of Fang-Ji-Huang-Qi-Tang in rodents. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:10. [PMID: 25652206 PMCID: PMC4322796 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fang-Ji-Huang-Qi-Tang (abbreviated as FJHQT), composed by six medicinal herbs including Radix Stephania Tetrandra, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Zingiberis and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae, is a frequently Chinese prescription for treating painful and inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. When Radix Stephania Tetrandra was misused with Aristolochia species, acute or chronic nephropathy caused by aristolochic acid was happened. Thus, the present study was aimed to identify Radix Stephania Tetrandra and performed the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of FJHQT extract in rodents. METHODS Radix Stephania Tetrandra was identified by macroscopic and microscopic observation, and the content of tetrandrine in FJHQT extract was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Then, the pharmacological activities of FJHQT extract with respect to clinical use was investigated with acetic acid-induced writhing response, formalin-induced licking response and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Finally, we evaluated the subacute toxicology of FJHQT extract after 28-day repeated oral administration in rats. RESULTS Radix Stephania Tetrandra was correctly used in FJHQT extract, and the content of tetrandrine in FJHQT extract was 2.5 mg/g. FJHQT extract produced a pronounced and dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in three above models. FJHQT extract after 28-day repeated administration did not caused any hematological, biochemical and histological change in rats. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that FJHQT extract is a high safety index Chinese medicine for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory application when Radix Stephania Tetrandra was correctly used in FJHQT. Its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory mechanism might be related to peripheral nociceptive pathway such as prostaglandins.
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Hseu YC, Tsai YC, Huang PJ, Ou TT, Korivi M, Hsu LS, Chang SH, Wu CR, Yang HL. The dermato-protective effects of lucidone from Lindera erythrocarpa through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated human skin keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Wu CR, Tsai CW, Chang SW, Lin CY, Huang LC, Tsai CW. Carnosic acid protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease: Involvement of antioxidative enzymes induction. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 225:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen CC, Chang HC, Kuo CL, Agrawal DC, Wu CR, Tsay HS. In vitro propagation and analysis of secondary metabolites in Glossogyne tenuifolia (Hsiang-Ju) - a medicinal plant native to Taiwan. Bot Stud 2014; 55:45. [PMID: 28510942 PMCID: PMC5432824 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glossogyne tenuifolia Cassini (Hsiang-Ju in Chinese) is a perennial herb native to Penghu Islands, Taiwan. The herb is a traditional anti-pyretic and hepatoprotective used in Chinese medicine. Several studies on G. tenuifolia have demonstrated its pharmacological values of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and cytotoxicity on several human cancer cell lines. Active compounds, oleanolic acid and luteolin in G. tenuifolia are affected by several factors, including climatic change, pathogens and agricultural practices. Plant population of G. tenuifolia has been severely affected and reduced considerably in natural habitat due to the use of herbicides by farmers. Also, collection of plant material from the natural habitat is restricted to a few months in a year. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for G. tenuifolia. The study also aimed to investigate the influence of in vitro growth environment on the active compounds in in vitro shoots, tissue culture raised greenhouse plants; compare the values with wild plants and commercially available crude drug. RESULTS Half-strength MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induced the maximum average number of shoots (7.3) per shoot tip explant excised from in vitro grown seedlings. Induction of rooting in cent percent in vitro shoots with an average number of 6.6 roots/shoot was achieved on ½ strength MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The rooted plantlets acclimatized successfully in the greenhouse with a 100% survival rate. HPLC analysis revealed that the quantity of oleanolic acid and luteolin in in vitro shoots, tissue culture plants in the greenhouse, wild type plants and commercial crude drug varied depending upon the source. The oleanolic acid and luteolin contents were found to be significantly higher (16.89 mg/g and 0.84 mg/g, respectively) in 3-month old tissue culture raised plants in greenhouse compared to commercially available crude drug (6.51 mg/g, 0.13 mg/g, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed an in vitro propagation protocol for G. tenuifolia which can expedite its plant production throughout the year. The contents of oleanolic acid and luteolin in the tissue culture raised plants in the greenhouse were significantly higher than the marketed crude drug demonstrating the practical application of the tissue culture technology. These findings may be very useful in micropropagation, germplasm conservation and commercial cultivation of G. tenuifolia. So far, there is no published report on tissue culture propagation of this important medicinal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, No.168, Gifong E. Rd., Taichung, 41349 Wufong Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Sheng Tsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, No.168, Gifong E. Rd., Taichung, 41349 Wufong Taiwan
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Yang HL, Lin SW, Lee CC, Lin KY, Liao CH, Yang TY, Wang HM, Huang HC, Wu CR, Hseu YC. Induction of Nrf2-mediated genes by Antrodia salmonea inhibits ROS generation and inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2014; 6:230-41. [PMID: 25380370 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea (AS), a well-known medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in RAW264.7 macrophages by the fermented culture broth of AS, studied the resulting protection against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation, and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying these protective effects. We found that non-cytotoxic concentrations of AS (25-100 μg mL⁻¹) protected macrophages from LPS-induced cell death and ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant potential of AS was directly correlated with the increased expression of the antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO-1, and γ-GCLC, as well as the level of intracellular GSH followed by an increase in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown diminished the protective effects of AS, as evidenced by the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including PGE₂, NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Notably, AS treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression in macrophages. Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory potential of Antrodia salmonea is mediated by the activation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense mechanisms. Results support the traditional usage of this beneficial mushroom for the treatment of free radical-related diseases and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Wu CR, Lin HC, Su MH. Reversal by aqueous extracts of Cistanche tubulosa from behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease-like rat model: relevance for amyloid deposition and central neurotransmitter function. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:202. [PMID: 24968859 PMCID: PMC4227081 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight (CT) is commonly used to treat forgetfulness by traditional Chinese physicians. This study presents the ameliorating effects of CT extract which was quantified with three phenylpropanoid glycosides in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like rat model. Methods Amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) intracisternally infused to rats by osmotic pump (Alzet 2002) was used as an AD-like rat model. The major pathological makers were measured including Aβ 1-42 immunohistochemical stain, behavioral tests (inhibitory avoidance task and Morris water maze) and central neurotransmitter functions. Results Aβ 1-42 caused the cognitive deficits, the increase in the amyloid deposition and acetylcholinesterase activities, and the decrease in the levels of brain’s acetylcholine and dopamine. Daily administration of CT extract throughout Aβ 1-42 infusion periods ameliorated the cognitive deficits, decreased amyloid deposition and reversed cholinergic and hippocampal dopaminergic dysfunction caused by Aβ 1-42. Donepezil also ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction, but only blocked the amyloid deposition and cholinergic dysfunction caused by Aβ 1-42. Conclusions We suggest that CT extract, containing enough echinacoside and acteoside, ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction caused by Aβ 1-42 via blocking amyloid deposition, reversing cholinergic and hippocampal dopaminergic neuronal function.
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Huang BR, Tsai CF, Lin HY, Tseng WP, Huang SS, Wu CR, Lin C, Yeh WL, Lu DY. Interaction of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in microglia by Staphylococcus aureus-derived lipoteichoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lin LW, Kuo YH, Hseu YC, Tsai CW, Hsieh MT, Chen SC, Wu CR. Osthole Improves Spatial Memory Deficits in Rats via Hippocampal α 1-Adrenergic and D 1 /D 2 Receptors. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:273682. [PMID: 23533468 PMCID: PMC3600333 DOI: 10.1155/2013/273682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of osthole, an active ingredient isolated from Cnidium monnieri L. Cusson, on spatial memory deficits caused by central neurotoxins using the Morris water maze in rats. The involvement of catecholaminergic receptors on the memory-enhancing effect of osthole in rat hippocampus was further investigated by intrahippocampal injection of catecholaminergic receptor antagonists. Intracisternal injection of osthole (10 μ g/brain) improved the spatial performance and working memory impairments caused by the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. No significant differences in swimming speeds were observed among sham, neurotoxin-induced, and osthole-treated groups. Intracisternal osthole injection also attenuated the spatial performance and working memory impairments caused by the α 1 receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine, the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, and the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. Therefore, we demonstrated that the effect of osthole on improving spatial memory deficits may be related to the activation of hippocampal α 1 and D1/D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Lin
- The School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Road, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiu Ching Chen
- Department of Health, Taichung Hospital, The Executive Yuan, No.199, San Min Road, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Lin WH, Wu CR, Lee HZ, Kuo YH, Wen HS, Lin TY, Lee CY, Huang SY, Lin CY. Induced apoptosis of Th2 lymphocytes and inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation by combined lactic acid bacteria treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 15:703-11. [PMID: 23142092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) demonstrably regulate the immune system and inhibit allergic disease. This study examined whether oral feeding of either Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) BB5 and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) BB1 suppresses ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in a murine model. OVA-specific immune responses, cell profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and airway AHR were assessed following OVA and methacholine challenge. We investigated whether LAB can enhance CD4(+)FoxP3(+) and CD8(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in splenic cells and apoptosis of CD4(+)IL-4(+) T cells. Results found oral administration of combined LAB better than single L. paracasei or L. rhamnosus strain, improving Penh ratio after challenge with methacholine. High-dose combined LAB starkly decreased synthesis of OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a levels, as well as eosinophils infiltration in BALF. In addition, CD4(+)IL-4(+) T cells decreased while CD4(+)FoxP3(+) and CD8(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells increased significantly in splenic mononuclear cells of high-dose combined LAB group. Findings indicate allergen-induced AHR and airway allergic inflammation suppressed by enhances CD4(+)FoxP3(+) and CD8(+)FoxP3(+) Treg populations as well as Th1 cell response after treating with combined LAB. This study may provide a basis for developing a novel therapeutic or protective method for airway allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang PJ, Hseu YC, Lee MS, Senthil Kumar K, Wu CR, Hsu LS, Liao JW, Cheng IS, Kuo YT, Huang SY, Yang HL. In vitro and in vivo activity of gallic acid and Toona sinensis leaf extracts against HL-60 human premyelocytic leukemia. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3489-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chen JH, Ou HP, Lin CY, Lin FJ, Wu CR, Chang SW, Tsai CW. Carnosic Acid Prevents 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mediation of Glutathione Synthesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1893-901. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300171u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Ou
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changua,
Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Ju Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- The School of Chinese Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals
and Health Care, Dayeh University, Changhua,
Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu CR, Lin WH, Lin YT, Wen CL, Ching H, Lin LW. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Property of the Methanol Extract from Ligustrum morrisonense Leaves in Rodents. Am J Chin Med 2012; 39:335-48. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11008865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligustrum morrisonense Kaneh and Sasaki (abbreviated as LM), an endemic Ligustrum plant in Taiwan, is similar to Ligustrum lucidum, which is usually used for curing hepatic and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of LM by chemical-induced algesia and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rodents. Its triterpenoid contents were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. LM leaf extracts effectively inhibited writhing responses induced by 1% acetic acid and biphasic-licking responses caused by 1% formalin. LM leaf extract also reduced the edema induced by 1% carrageenan. Furthermore, LM leaf extract reduced the abdominal Evan's blue extravasations caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serotonin, histamine and bradykinin. LM leaf extract has higher contents of amyrin and lupeol among six assayed triterpenoid compounds. In conclusion, LM is a potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory Ligustrum plant, and its anti-inflammatory effects are partially related to decreasing microvascular permeability via inflammatory mediators and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Rei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ta Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tanzih Township, Taichung County 427, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui Ching
- Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, The Executive Yuan, 40403, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82445, Taiwan
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Lin YC, Wu CR, Lin CJ, Hsieh MT. The Ameliorating Effects of Cognition-enhancing Chinese Herbs on Scopolamine-and MK-801-induced Amnesia in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2012; 31:543-9. [PMID: 14587877 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x03001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study was to investigate the ameliorating effects of three Chinese herbs — Achyranthes bidentata (AB), Ophiopogon japonicus (OJ) and Cnidium monnieri (CM) on scopolamine (SCOP)- and MK-801-induced amnesia by using a passive avoidance task in rats. AB, OJ and CM at 0.1 and 0.3 g/kg prolonged the step-through latency (STL) of the retention trial. In addition, AB, OJ and CM reversed the STL shortened by MK-801, but only AB reversed the STL shortened by SCOP. In conclusion, these Chinese herbs possess cognition-enhancing activities and anti-amnestic effects, but the mechanism of the effect of AB was different from those of OJ and CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Lin
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Lai SC, Ho YL, Huang SC, Huang TH, Lai ZR, Wu CR, Lian KY, Chang YS. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Am J Chin Med 2012; 38:329-42. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the crude extract and fractions of Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. The total phenolic content, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), reducing power, total flavonoid content of D. triflorum were evaluated for the exploration of its antioxidant activities. Furthermore, its antiproliferative activities were investigated through the MTT method. It was compared with the antioxidant capacities of known antioxidants, including catechin, α-tocopherol, trolox and ascorbic acid. Among all fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was the most active in scavenging DPPH and TEAC radicals, of which 0.4 mg was equivalent to 186.6 ± 2.5 μg and 82.5 ± 2.1 μg of α-tocopherol and trolox respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the crude extract were equivalent to 36.60 ± 0.1 mg catechin and 45.6 ± 0.6 mg rutin per gram respectively. In the reducing power assay, 1.25 mg of crude extract was similar to 61.2 ± 0.3 μg of ascorbic acid. For the assessment of the safety and toxicity of D. triflorum, LD50 of the crude extract was greater than 10 g/kg when administered to mice through gastric intubation. The above experimental data indicated that D. triflorum was a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and such efficacy may be mainly attributed to its polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chih Lai
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chieh Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Rung Lai
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yuan Lian
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Crude Drug Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hseu YC, Lee MS, Wu CR, Cho HJ, Lin KY, Lai GH, Wang SY, Kuo YH, Kumar KJS, Yang HL. The chalcone flavokawain B induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral carcinoma HSC-3 cells through the intracellular ROS generation and downregulation of the Akt/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:2385-2397. [PMID: 22324429 DOI: 10.1021/jf205053r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones have been described to represent cancer chemopreventive food components that are rich in fruits and vegetables. In this study, we examined the anti-oral cancer effect of flavokawain B (FKB), a naturally occurring chalcone isolated from Alpinia pricei (shell gingers), and revealed its molecular mechanism of action. Treatment of human oral carcinoma (HSC-3) cells with FKB (1.25-10 μg/mL; 4.4-35.2 μM) inhibited cell viability and caused G(2)/M arrest through reductions in cyclin A/B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25C levels. Moreover, FKB treatment resulted in the induction of apoptosis, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, mitochondria dysfunction, cytochrome c and AIF release, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, and Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation. Furthermore, increased Fas activity and procaspase-8, procaspase-4, and procaspase-12 cleavages were accompanied by death receptor and ER-stress, indicating the involvement of mitochondria, death-receptor, and ER-stress signaling pathways. FKB induces apoptosis through ROS generation as evidenced by the upregulation of oxidative-stress markers HO-1/Nrf2. This mechanism was further confirmed by the finding that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly blocked ROS generation and consequently inhibited FKB-induced apoptosis. Moreover, FKB downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK, while their inhibitors LY294002 and SB203580, respectively, induced G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis. The profound reduction in cell number was observed in combination treatment with FKB and Akt/p38 MAPK inhibitors, indicating that the disruption of Akt and p38 MAPK cascades plays a functional role in FKB-induced G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis in HSC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ju HY, Chen SC, Wu KJ, Kuo HC, Hseu YC, Ching H, Wu CR. Antioxidant phenolic profile from ethyl acetate fraction of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi with protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:492-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wu CR, Lin WH, Hseu YC, Lien JC, Lin YT, Kuo TP, Ching H. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of five endemic Ligustrum species leaves from Taiwan flora in vitro. Food Chem 2011; 127:564-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lin WH, Wu CR, Fang TJ, Guo JT, Huang SY, Lee MS, Yang HL. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of fermented milk with lactic acid bacteria. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:1424-1431. [PMID: 21445876 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ten strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were investigated for their anti-Helicobacter pylori effects. The bactericidal activity and organic acid content in spent culture supernatants (SCS) from fermented milk were measured. In addition, the exclusion effect of SCS against H. pylori infection of human gastric epithelial AGS cells was assayed. RESULTS Three LAB strains, LY1, LY5 and IF22, showed better anti-Helicobacter effects than the other strains. There were no significant differences in the bactericidal activity of LAB strains between original SCS, artificial SCS and SCS treated by heating or protease digestion. However, neutralised SCS lost this activity. These results suggest that the anti-H. pylori activity of SCS may be related to the concentration of organic acids and the pH value but not to protein components. In the AGS cell culture test, both fermented LY5-SCS and artificial LY5-SCS significantly reduced H. pylori infection and urease activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, in vitro methods were used to screen potential probiotics with anti-H. pylori activity. This may provide an excellent and rapid system for studying probiotics in the functional food and dairy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
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Hseu YC, Wu CR, Chang HW, Kumar KJS, Lin MK, Chen CS, Cho HJ, Huang CY, Huang CY, Lee HZ, Hsieh WT, Chung JG, Wang HM, Yang HL. Inhibitory effects of Physalis angulata on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:762-771. [PMID: 21515352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELAVENCE: Physalis angulata is well-known in traditional Chinese medicine as a ingredient for various herbal formulation; also, it has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the ability of P. angulata to inhibit tumor metastasis and angiogenesis was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-proliferative activity of ethyl acetate extracts of P. angulata (PA extracts), was determined against human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by trypan blue exclusion method. Wound-healing migration, trans-well invasion, Western blotting and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay were carried out to determine the anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects of PA extracts in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that at sub-cytotoxic concentrations of PA extracts (5-15 μg/mL) markedly inhibited the migration and invasion of highly metastatic HSC-3 cells as shown by wound-healing repair assay and trans-well assay. Gelatin zymography assay showed that PA extracts suppressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -2, and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) in HSC-3 cells. In addition, Western blot analysis confirmed that PA extracts significantly decreased MMP-2 and u-PA protein expression in HSC-3 cells. Notably, PA extracts significantly augmented the expression of their endogenous inhibitors, including tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP-1 and -2), and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and -2). Further investigations revealed that non-cytotoxic concentration of PA extracts (5-15 μg/mL) inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation, and migration/invasion of HUVECs in vitro. PA extracts also suppressed the activity of MMP-9, but not MMP-2, in HUVECs. Further, we observed, PA extracts strongly suppressed neovessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly support an anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activity of P. angulata that may contribute to the development of better chemopreventive agent for cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin WH, Wu CR, Fang TJ, Lee MS, Lin KL, Chen HC, Huang SY, Hseu YC. Adherent Properties and Macrophage Activation Ability of 3 Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria. J Food Sci 2010; 76:M1-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tsai FS, Cheng HY, Hsieh MT, Wu CR, Lin YC, Peng WH. The Ameliorating Effects of Luteolin on Beta-Amyloid-Induced Impairment of Water Maze Performance and Passive Avoidance in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2010; 38:279-291. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of luteolin on Aβ (1-40)-induced impairment of Morris water maze (MWM) spatial performance, reference memory, and passive avoidance (PA) behavior in rats. Luteolin treatment was started 4 days before the initiation of behavioral testing (passive avoidance on treatment day of 4–5; MWM spatial performance memory testing on treatment day of 5–7 and MWM reference memory testing on treatment day of 7) and continued until the end of the study. We also measured the activity of Mn-SOD , copper/zinc (Cu/Zn)-SOD and glutathione (GSH) levels in rat cortex and hippocampus to understand the ameliorating effect of luteolin on Aβ (1-40) induced memory impairment. The present results showed that luteolin (5, 10 mg/kg) has a protective effect on Aβ (1-40)-induced memory dysfunction in spatial performance, reference memory, and inhibitory avoidance response impairment. Finally, luteolin also increases the level of Mn-SOD , (Cu/Zn)-SOD and glutathione (GSH) in the cortex and hippocampus to reduce the oxidative stress by Aβ (1-40). Taken together, the results in this study suggest that luteolin (5, 10 mg/kg) treatment improves the learning and memory in Aβ (1-40)-induced cognition deficit in rats. The ameliorating mechanisms of luteolin on Aβ (1-40)-induced amnesia may be related to activating the anti-oxidation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Business Administration, Diaw University, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, No. 1-10, Hubei Village, Dalin Township, Chiayi County 622, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sijhou Village, Houlong Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cheng HY, Hsieh MT, Tsai FS, Wu CR, Chiu CS, Lee MM, Xu HX, Zhao ZZ, Peng WH. Neuroprotective effect of luteolin on amyloid β protein (25-35)-induced toxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Phytother Res 2009; 24 Suppl 1:S102-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lien JC, Wu CR, Hour MJ, Huang LJ, Huang TF, Kuo SC. Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones as Antiplatelet Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:639-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu CR, Lin LW, Hsieh CL, Wang WH, Lin YT, Hsieh MT. Petroleum ether extract of Cnidium monnieri ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia through adrenal gland-mediated mechanism in male rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 117:403-407. [PMID: 18400431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our previous study indicated petroleum ether layer of Cnidium monnieri L. Cuss. (CM) and its ingredient osthole could alleviate scopolamine-induced amnesia in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hence, this study was desired to investigate the mechanism of the ameliorating effects of petroleum ether layer of CM on the performance impairment of inhibitory avoidance task and Morris water maze induced by scopolamine in male rats. RESULTS CM at 0.1-0.6g/kg orally administered 60 min before the training trial ameliorated the scopolamine-induced performance impairment on inhibitory avoidance learning and water maze in male rats. Only adrenalectomy but not peripheral cholinergic antagonist scopolamine methylbromide and catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine blocked the ameliorating effects of CM on scopolamine-induced performance impairment in rats. CONCLUSION Therefore, we demonstrated that the ameliorating effects of CM on scopolamine-induced performance impairment may be related to activating the adrenal gland and central acetylcholingeric neuron, instead of peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Rei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung 40421, Taiwan, ROC.
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